1
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Chen C, Yan JY, Babin HG, Wang J, Xu X, Lin X, Yu Q, Fang W, Liu RZ, Huo YH, Cai H, Sha WEI, Zhang J, Heyn C, Wieck AD, Ludwig A, Wang DW, Jin CY, Liu F. Wavelength-tunable high-fidelity entangled photon sources enabled by dual Stark effects. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5792. [PMID: 38987247 PMCID: PMC11237044 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50062-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The construction of a large-scale quantum internet requires quantum repeaters containing multiple entangled photon sources with identical wavelengths. Semiconductor quantum dots can generate entangled photon pairs deterministically with high fidelity. However, realizing wavelength-matched quantum-dot entangled photon sources faces two difficulties: the non-uniformity of emission wavelength and exciton fine-structure splitting induced fidelity reduction. Typically, these two factors are not independently tunable, making it challenging to achieve simultaneous improvement. In this work, we demonstrate wavelength-tunable entangled photon sources based on droplet-etched GaAs quantum dots through the combined use of AC and quantum-confined Stark effects. The emission wavelength can be tuned by ~1 meV while preserving an entanglement fidelity f exceeding 0.955(1) in the entire tuning range. Based on this hybrid tuning scheme, we finally demonstrate multiple wavelength-matched entangled photon sources with f > 0.919(3), paving the way towards robust and scalable on-demand entangled photon sources for quantum internet and integrated quantum optical circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jun-Yong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Hans-Georg Babin
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jiefei Wang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xingqi Xu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Qianqian Yu
- Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Wei Fang
- College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Run-Ze Liu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yong-Heng Huo
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Han Cai
- College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Wei E I Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jiaxiang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Christian Heyn
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas D Wieck
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Arne Ludwig
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Da-Wei Wang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bejing, 100190, China
| | - Chao-Yuan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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2
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Velten S, Bocklage L, Zhang X, Schlage K, Panchwanee A, Sadashivaiah S, Sergeev I, Leupold O, Chumakov AI, Kocharovskaya O, Röhlsberger R. Nuclear quantum memory for hard x-ray photon wave packets. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn9825. [PMID: 38924415 PMCID: PMC11204287 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn9825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Optical quantum memories are key elements in modern quantum technologies to reliably store and retrieve quantum information. At present, they are conceptually limited to the optical wavelength regime. Recent advancements in x-ray quantum optics render an extension of optical quantum memory protocols to ultrashort wavelengths possible, thereby establishing quantum photonics at x-ray energies. Here, we introduce an x-ray quantum memory protocol that utilizes mechanically driven nuclear resonant 57Fe absorbers to form a comb structure in the nuclear absorption spectrum by using the Doppler effect. This room-temperature nuclear frequency comb enables us to control the waveform of x-ray photon wave packets to a high level of accuracy and fidelity using solely mechanical motions. This tunable, robust, and highly flexible system offers a versatile platform for a compact solid-state quantum memory at room temperature for hard x-rays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Velten
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging CUI, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lars Bocklage
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging CUI, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Xiwen Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Kai Schlage
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anjali Panchwanee
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sakshath Sadashivaiah
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Fraunhoferstr. 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstr. 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ilya Sergeev
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Olaf Leupold
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Olga Kocharovskaya
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Ralf Röhlsberger
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging CUI, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Fraunhoferstr. 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstr. 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena, Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
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3
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Dong MX, Zhang WH, Zeng L, Ye YH, Li DC, Guo GC, Ding DS, Shi BS. Highly Efficient Storage of 25-Dimensional Photonic Qudit in a Cold-Atom-Based Quantum Memory. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:240801. [PMID: 38181137 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.240801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Building an efficient quantum memory in high-dimensional Hilbert spaces is one of the fundamental requirements for establishing high-dimensional quantum repeaters, where it offers many advantages over two-dimensional quantum systems, such as a larger information capacity and enhanced noise resilience. To date, it remains a challenge to develop an efficient high-dimensional quantum memory. Here, we experimentally realize a quantum memory that is operational in Hilbert spaces of up to 25 dimensions with a storage efficiency of close to 60% and a fidelity of 84.2±0.6%. The proposed approach exploits the spatial-mode-independent interaction between atoms and photons which are encoded in transverse-size-invariant vortex modes. In particular, our memory features uniform storage efficiency and low crosstalk disturbance for 25 individual spatial modes of photons, thus allowing the storing of qudit states programmed from 25 eigenstates within the high-dimensional Hilbert spaces. These results have great prospects for the implementation of long-distance high-dimensional quantum networks and quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
- School of Physics and Materials Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Wei-Hang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Lei Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ying-Hao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Da-Chuang Li
- School of Physics and Materials Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Guang-Can Guo
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Bao-Sen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
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4
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Kim B, Chen KT, Chen KY, Chiu YS, Hsu CY, Chen YH, Yu IA. Experimental Demonstration of Stationary Dark-State Polaritons Dressed by Dipole-Dipole Interaction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:133001. [PMID: 37832013 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.133001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Dark-state polaritons (DSPs) based on the effect of electromagnetically induced transparency are bosonic quasiparticles, representing the superpositions of photons and atomic ground-state coherences. It has been proposed that stationary DSPs are governed by the equation of motion closely similar to the Schrödinger equation and can be employed to achieve Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) with transition temperature orders of magnitude higher than that of the atomic BEC. The stationary-DSP BEC is a three-dimensional system and has a far longer lifetime than the exciton-polariton BEC. In this Letter, we experimentally demonstrated the stationary DSP dressed by the Rydberg-state dipole-dipole interaction (DDI). The DDI-induced phase shift of the stationary DSP was systematically studied. Notably, the experimental data are consistent with the theoretical predictions. The phase shift can be viewed as a consequence of elastic collisions. In terms of thermalization to achieve BEC, the μm^{2}-size interaction cross section of the DDI can produce a sufficient elastic collision rate for the stationary DSPs. This Letter makes a substantial advancement toward the realization of the stationary-DSP BEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongjune Kim
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Tang Chen
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-You Chen
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Chiu
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Hsu
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Chen
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Ite A Yu
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Center for Quantum Science and Technology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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5
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Liu H, Wang M, Jiao H, Lu J, Fan W, Li S, Wang H. Cavity-enhanced and temporally multiplexed atom-photon entanglement interface. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:7200-7211. [PMID: 36859856 DOI: 10.1364/oe.483444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Practical realization of quantum repeaters requires quantum memories with high retrieval efficiency, multi-mode storage capacities, and long lifetimes. Here, we report a high-retrieval-efficiency and temporally multiplexed atom-photon entanglement source. A train of 12 write pulses in time is applied to a cold atomic ensemble along different directions, which generates temporally multiplexed pairs of Stokes photons and spin waves via Duan-Lukin-Cirac-Zoller processes. The two arms of a polarization interferometer are used to encode photonic qubits of 12 Stokes temporal modes. The multiplexed spin-wave qubits, each of which is entangled with one Stokes qubit, are stored in a "clock" coherence. A ring cavity that resonates simultaneously with the two arms of the interferometer is used to enhance retrieval from the spin-wave qubits, with the intrinsic retrieval efficiency reaching 70.4%. The multiplexed source gives rise to a ∼12.1-fold increase in atom-photon entanglement-generation probability compared to the single-mode source. The measured Bell parameter for the multiplexed atom-photon entanglement is 2.21(2), along with a memory lifetime of up to ∼125 µs.
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6
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Ma L, Lei X, Cheng J, Yan Z, Jia X. Deterministic manipulation of steering between distant quantum network nodes. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:8257-8266. [PMID: 36859941 DOI: 10.1364/oe.479182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Multipartite Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering is a key resource in a quantum network. Although EPR steering between spatially separated regions of ultracold atomic systems has been observed, deterministic manipulation of steering between distant quantum network nodes is required for a secure quantum communication network. Here, we propose a feasible scheme to deterministically generate, store, and manipulate one-way EPR steering between distant atomic cells by a cavity-enhanced quantum memory approach. While optical cavities effectively suppress the unavoidable noises in electromagnetically induced transparency, three atomic cells are in a strong Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state by faithfully storing three spatially separated entangled optical modes. In this way, the strong quantum correlation of atomic cells guarantees one-to-two node EPR steering is achieved, and can perserve the stored EPR steering in these quantum nodes. Furthermore, the steerability can be actively manipulated by the temperature of the atomic cell. This scheme provides the direct reference for experimental implementation for one-way multipartite steerable states, which enables an asymmetric quantum network protocol.
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7
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Tseng YC, Wei YC, Chen YC. Efficient quantum memory for photonic polarization qubits generated by cavity-enhanced spontaneous parametric downconversion. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:19944-19960. [PMID: 36221757 DOI: 10.1364/oe.460026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Quantum memories, for storing then retrieving photonic quantum states on demand, are crucial components for scalable quantum technologies. Spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC) with a nonlinear crystal is the most widely used process for generating entangled photon pairs or heralded single photons. Despite the desirability of efficient quantum memories for SPDC-generated single photons, the storage and retrieval efficiencies achieved with this approach still fall below 50%, a threshold value for practical applications. Here, we report an efficiency of > 70% for the storage of heralded single photons generated by cavity-enhanced SPDC using atomic quantum memories based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). In addition, we demonstrate the quantum memory for single-photon polarization qubits with a fidelity of ∼96%. This result paves the way towards the development of large-scale quantum networks.
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8
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Li Y, Wen Y, Wang S, Liu C, Liu H, Wang M, Sun C, Gao Y, Li S, Wang H. Generation of entanglement between a highly wave-packet-tunable photon and a spin-wave memory in cold atoms. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:2792-2802. [PMID: 35209412 DOI: 10.1364/oe.446837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Controls of waveforms (pulse durations) of single photons are important tasks for effectively interconnecting disparate atomic memories in hybrid quantum networks. So far, the waveform control of a single photon that is entangled with an atomic memory remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrated control of waveform length of the photon that is entangled with an atomic spin-wave memory by varying light-atom interaction time in cold atoms. The Bell parameter S as a function of the duration of photon pulse is measured, which shows that violations of Bell inequality can be achieved for the photon pulse in the duration range from 40 ns to 50 µs, where, S = 2.64 ± 0.02 and S = 2.26 ± 0.05 for the 40-ns and 50-µs durations, respectively. The measured results show that S parameter decreases with the increase in the pulse duration. We confirm that the increase in photon noise probability per pulse with the pulse-duration is responsible for the S decrease.
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9
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Hsu H, Cheng CY, Shiu JS, Chen LC, Chen YF. Quantum fidelity of electromagnetically induced transparency: the full quantum theory. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:2097-2111. [PMID: 35209357 DOI: 10.1364/oe.448334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present a full quantum model to study the fidelity of single photons with different quantum states propagating in a medium exhibiting electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). By using the general reservoir theory, we can calculate the quantum state of the transmitted probe photons that reveal the EIT phenomenon predicted by semiclassical theory while reflecting the influence of the quantum fluctuations of the strong coupling field. Our study shows that the coupling field fluctuations not only change the quantum state of the probe photons, but also slightly affect its transmittance. Moreover, we demonstrate that the squeezed coupling field can enhance the influence of its fluctuations on the quantum state of the probe photons, which means that the EIT effect can be manipulated by controlling the quantum state properties of the coupling field. The full quantum theory in this paper is suitable for studying quantum systems related to the EIT mechanism that would allow us to examine various quantum effects in EIT-based systems from a full quantum perspective.
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10
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Shou C, Zhang Q, Luo W, Huang G. Photon storage and routing in quantum dots with spin-orbit coupling. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:9772-9785. [PMID: 33820130 DOI: 10.1364/oe.416791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As an essential element for quantum information processing and quantum communication, efficient quantum memory based on solid-state platforms is imperative for practical applications but remains a challenge. Here we propose a scheme to realize a highly efficient and controllable storage and routing of single photons based on quantum dots (QDs) with a Rashba spin-orbit coupling (SOC). We show that the SOC in the QDs can provide a flexible built-up of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) for single-photon propagation, and storage, retrieval, as well as routing of single-photon wavepackets can also be implemented through the EIT. Moreover, we demonstrate that the propagation loss of the single-photon wavepackets in the QDs may be largely suppressed by means of a weak microwave field, by which the storage and routing of the single photons can be made to have high efficiency and fidelity. Our research opens a route for designs of advanced solid-state devices promising for applications in photonic quantum-information processing and transmission based on the QDs with SOC.
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Hsu CY, Wang YS, Chen JM, Huang FC, Ke YT, Huang EK, Hung W, Chao KL, Hsiao SS, Chen YH, Chuu CS, Chen YC, Chen YF, Yu IA. Generation of sub-MHz and spectrally-bright biphotons from hot atomic vapors with a phase mismatch-free scheme. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:4632-4644. [PMID: 33771035 DOI: 10.1364/oe.415473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We utilized the all-copropagating scheme, which maintains the phase-match condition, in the spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) process to generate biphotons from a hot atomic vapor. The linewidth and spectral brightness of our biphotons surpass those of the biphotons produced with the hot-atom SFWM in the previous works. Moreover, the generation rate of the sub-MHz biphoton source in this work can also compete with those of the sub-MHz biphoton sources of the cold-atom SFWM or cavity-assisted spontaneous parametric down conversion. Here, the biphoton linewidth is tunable for an order of magnitude. As we tuned the linewidth to 610 kHz, the generation rate per linewidth is 1,500 pairs/(s·MHz) and the maximum two-photon correlation function, gs,as(2), of the biphotons is 42. This gs,as(2) violates the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality for classical light by 440 folds, and demonstrates that the biphotons have a high purity. By increasing the pump power by 16 folds, we further enhanced the generation rate per linewidth to 2.3×104 pairs/(s·MHz), while the maximum gs,as(2) became 6.7. In addition, we are able to tune the linewidth down to 290±20 kHz. This is the narrowest linewidth to date among all single-mode biphoton sources of room-temperature and hot media.
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Jeong T, Chough YT, Moon HS. Light manipulation via spontaneous four-wave mixing in a warm double-Λ-type atomic ensemble. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:36611-36619. [PMID: 33379751 DOI: 10.1364/oe.411990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report on the dynamic manipulation of light in a warm 87Rb atomic ensemble using light storage based on the atomic spin coherence arising from the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and spontaneous four-wave mixing (FWM) processes. We demonstrate that, subsequent to the generation of atomic spin coherence between two hyperfine ground states via the EIT storage process, it is possible to control the delay time, direction, and optical frequency of the retrieved light according to the timing sequence and powers of the coupling, probe, and driving lasers used for atomic-spin-coherence generation and the spontaneous FWM process. We believe that our results provide useful ideas in photon frequency conversion and photon control in connection with the quantum memories that is essential in the quantum communications technology.
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Kukharchyk N, Sholokhov D, Morozov O, Korableva SL, Kalachev AA, Bushev PA. Electromagnetically induced transparency in a mono-isotopic 167Er: 7LiYF 4 crystal below 1 Kelvin: microwave photonics approach. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:29166-29177. [PMID: 33114821 DOI: 10.1364/oe.400222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Electromagnetically induced transparency allows for the controllable change of absorption properties, which can be exploited in a number of applications including optical quantum memory. In this paper, we present a study of the electromagnetically induced transparency in a 167Er:7LiYF4 crystal at low magnetic fields and ultra-low temperatures. The experimental measurement scheme employs an optical vector network analysis that provides high precision measurement of amplitude, phase and group delay and paves the way towards full on-chip integration of optical quantum memory setups. We found that sub-Kelvin temperatures are the necessary requirement for observing electromagnetically induced transparency in this crystal at low fields. A good agreement between theory and experiment is achieved by taking into account the phonon bottleneck effect.
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Wen Y, Zhou P, Xu Z, Yuan L, Wang M, Wang S, Chen L, Wang H. Cavity-enhanced and long-lived optical memories for two orthogonal polarizations in cold atoms. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:360-368. [PMID: 32118964 DOI: 10.1364/oe.376962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The storage and retrieval efficiency (SRE) and lifetime of optical quantum memories are two key performance indicators for scaling up quantum information processing. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a cavity-enhanced long-lived optical memory for two polarizations in a cold atomic ensemble. Using electromagnetically induced-transparency (EIT) dynamics, we demonstrate the storages of left-circularly and right-circularly polarized signal light pulses in the atoms, respectively. By making the signal and control beams collinearly pass through the atoms and storing the two polarizations of the signal light as two magnetic-field-insensitive spin waves, we achieve a long-lived (3.5 ms) memory. By placing a low-finesse optical ring cavity around the cold atoms, the coupling between the signal light and the atoms is enhanced, which leads to an increase in SRE. The presented cavity-enhanced storage shows that the SRE is ∼30%, corresponding to an intrinsic SRE of ∼45%.
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15
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Wang L, Sun YH, Wang R, Zhang XJ, Chen Y, Kang ZH, Wang HH, Gao JY. Storage of Airy wavepackets based on electromagnetically induced transparency. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:6370-6376. [PMID: 30876223 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.006370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The research of Airy beams has attained much attention due to their unique characteristics. Coherent control of Airy beams is important for further light beam manipulation and information processing. In this paper, we experimentally investigate the storage and retrieval of 2D Airy wavepackets in a solid-state medium driven by electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The transverse profile of the weak probe pulse is modulated by Airy wavepackets. Under EIT condition, the probe Airy wavepackets are stored into the experimental medium by manipulating the intensity of the control field, and later retrieved by the opposite process. The retrieved Airy wavepackets keep a high similarity compared with those before the storage. Furthermore, the self-healing property of the retrieved Airy wavepackets is investigated. This storage of Airy wavepackets develops the control method of Airy beams, which will be useful in further applications.
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16
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Jiang Y, Mei Y, Zou Y, Zuo Y, Du S. Intracavity cold atomic ensemble with high optical depth. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:013105. [PMID: 30709165 DOI: 10.1063/1.5065431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We describe the apparatus of an optical cavity loaded with cold 85Rb atoms of high optical depth (OD) in the weak coupling regime. The relevant cavity-atom parameters are the single-photon Rabi frequency g0 = 2π × 0.25 MHz, the cavity power decay rate κ = 2π × 9.0 MHz, and the atomic excited state decay rate Γ = 2π × 5.75 MHz. In this bad-cavity configuration where the atomic natural linewidth (Γ/2π) is less than the cavity linewidth (κ/2π), the cavity enhancement factor for the longitudinal OD is about 188. We obtain a cavity enhanced OD up to 7600, corresponding to an atomic ensemble with a bare single-pass OD of 40, coupled to the cavity mode. Our intracavity cold atomic ensemble with high OD may have many applications in studying collective atom-light interaction inside an optical cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Jiang
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yefeng Mei
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yueyang Zou
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Zuo
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shengwang Du
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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17
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Li K, Zhang D, Raza F, Zhang Z, Puttapirat P, Liu Y, Zhang Y. Multi-contact switch using double-dressing regularity of probe, fluorescence, and six-wave mixing in a Rydberg atom. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:074310. [PMID: 30134715 DOI: 10.1063/1.5034066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we study the realization of a multi-contact switch using the double-dressing regularity of probe, fluorescence, and six-wave mixing signals in a five-level 85Rb atomic system. For the first time, we compare the dressing regularity of Rydberg states by observing electromagnetically induced transparency and signals. With the scanning probe and dressing fields, both large and small line shifts in signals are observed. The small line shifts are induced by double-dressed line shifts. Also, the big line shifts result from the Rydberg dressing. In addition, with an increase in the principal quantum number n of the Rydberg state, all the signals become weaker, while the line shifts of the signals become enhanced. Using the regularity in line shifts of the signals and an acoustic optical modulator to modulate the frequency detuning, we can realize a multi-contact switch action and fast conversion between different contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangkang Li
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Photonic Technique, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Photonic Technique, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Faizan Raza
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Photonic Technique, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Photonic Technique, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Pargorn Puttapirat
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Photonic Technique, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Photonic Technique, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yanpeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Photonic Technique, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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18
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Abstract
We present high-contrast electromagnetically-induced-transparency (EIT) spectra in a heated vapor cell of single isotope 87Rb atoms. The EIT spectrum has both high resonant transmission up to 67% and narrow linewidth of 1.1 MHz. We get rid of the possible amplification resulted from the effects of amplification without population inversion and four-wave mixing. Therefore, this high transmitted light is not artificial. The theoretical prediction of the probe transmission agrees well with the data and the experimental parameters can be derived reasonably from the model. Such narrow and high-contrast spectral profile can be employed as a high precision bandpass filter, which provides a significant advantage in terms of stability and tunability. The central frequency tuning range of the filter is larger than 100 MHz with out-of-band blocking ≥15 dB. This bandpass filter can effectively produce light fields with subnatural linewidth. Nonlinearity associating with the narrow-linewidth and high-contrast EIT profile can be very useful in the applications utilizing the EIT effect.
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19
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Hsiao YF, Tsai PJ, Chen HS, Lin SX, Hung CC, Lee CH, Chen YH, Chen YF, Yu IA, Chen YC. Highly Efficient Coherent Optical Memory Based on Electromagnetically Induced Transparency. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:183602. [PMID: 29775362 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.183602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Quantum memory is an important component in the long-distance quantum communication based on the quantum repeater protocol. To outperform the direct transmission of photons with quantum repeaters, it is crucial to develop quantum memories with high fidelity, high efficiency and a long storage time. Here, we achieve a storage efficiency of 92.0 (1.5)% for a coherent optical memory based on the electromagnetically induced transparency scheme in optically dense cold atomic media. We also obtain a useful time-bandwidth product of 1200, considering only storage where the retrieval efficiency remains above 50%. Both are the best record to date in all kinds of schemes for the realization of optical memory. Our work significantly advances the pursuit of a high-performance optical memory and should have important applications in quantum information science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Fen Hsiao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Molecular Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Central University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Ju Tsai
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Shiue Chen
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Xiang Lin
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chiao Hung
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsi Lee
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Chen
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30043, Taiwan
| | - Yong-Fan Chen
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Ite A Yu
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30043, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Cheng Chen
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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20
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Ma L, Slattery O, Tang X. Noise Reduction in Optically Controlled Quantum Memory. MODERN PHYSICS LETTERS. B, CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, APPLIED PHYSICS 2018; 32:1830001. [PMID: 38903851 PMCID: PMC11187979 DOI: 10.1142/s0217984918300016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Quantum memory is an essential device for quantum communications systems and quantum computers. An important category of quantum memory, called Optically controlled quantum memory, uses a strong classical beam to control the storage and re-emission of a single photon signal through an atomic ensemble. The residual light from the strong classical control beam can cause severe noise and degrade the system performance significantly. Efficiently suppressing this noise is required for the successful implementation of optically controlled quantum memories. In this paper, we briefly review the latest and most common approaches to quantum memory and discuss the various noise reduction techniques used in implementing them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Ma
- Information Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr., Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Oliver Slattery
- Information Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr., Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Xiao Tang
- Information Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr., Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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21
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Finkelstein R, Poem E, Michel O, Lahad O, Firstenberg O. Fast, noise-free memory for photon synchronization at room temperature. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaap8598. [PMID: 29349302 PMCID: PMC5771694 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aap8598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Future quantum photonic networks require coherent optical memories for synchronizing quantum sources and gates of probabilistic nature. We demonstrate a fast ladder memory (FLAME) mapping the optical field onto the superposition between electronic orbitals of rubidium vapor. Using a ladder-level system of orbital transitions with nearly degenerate frequencies simultaneously enables high bandwidth, low noise, and long memory lifetime. We store and retrieve 1.7-ns-long pulses, containing 0.5 photons on average, and observe short-time external efficiency of 25%, memory lifetime (1/e) of 86 ns, and below 10-4 added noise photons. Consequently, coupling this memory to a probabilistic source would enhance the on-demand photon generation probability by a factor of 12, the highest number yet reported for a noise-free, room temperature memory. This paves the way toward the controlled production of large quantum states of light from probabilistic photon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ohad Michel
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ohr Lahad
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ofer Firstenberg
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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22
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Determining phase coherence time of stored light in warm atomic vapor. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15559. [PMID: 29138415 PMCID: PMC5686098 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15469-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In quantum memory based on an atomic medium, we may have a question about whether all information on the stored light is preserved. In particular, the phase coherence between the stored and retrieval light pulses is very interesting, because it can indicate the relationship between the coherence time and storage time of the light. In this paper, we investigate the phase coherence time of light stored in a warm atomic vapor, by examining the beat-note interference between the retrieval light pulse and a reference light beam optically delayed using an optical fiber. The beat-note interference fringes are measured for different reference-light optical delays. The observed retrieval-light phase indicates that the phase of the input probe light is preserved in the medium. However, we further confirm that the retrieval-light phase coherence depends on the phase coherence of the coupling light used for retrieval in the storage process.
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23
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Establishing and storing of deterministic quantum entanglement among three distant atomic ensembles. Nat Commun 2017; 8:718. [PMID: 28959032 PMCID: PMC5620099 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00809-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
It is crucial for the physical realization of quantum information networks to first establish entanglement among multiple space-separated quantum memories and then, at a user-controlled moment, to transfer the stored entanglement to quantum channels for distribution and conveyance of information. Here we present an experimental demonstration on generation, storage, and transfer of deterministic quantum entanglement among three spatially separated atomic ensembles. The off-line prepared multipartite entanglement of optical modes is mapped into three distant atomic ensembles to establish entanglement of atomic spin waves via electromagnetically induced transparency light-matter interaction. Then the stored atomic entanglement is transferred into a tripartite quadrature entangled state of light, which is space-separated and can be dynamically allocated to three quantum channels for conveying quantum information. The existence of entanglement among three released optical modes verifies that the system has the capacity to preserve multipartite entanglement. The presented protocol can be directly extended to larger quantum networks with more nodes.Continuous-variable encoding is a promising approach for quantum information and communication networks. Here, the authors show how to map entanglement from three spatial optical modes to three separated atomic samples via electromagnetically induced transparency, releasing it later on demand.
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24
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Xu D, Chen Z, Huang G. Ultraslow weak-light solitons and their storage and retrieval in a kagome-structured hollow-core photonic crystal fiber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:19094-19111. [PMID: 29041103 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.019094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the formation and propagation of ultraslow weak-light solitons and their memory in the atomic gas filled in a kagome-structured hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF) via electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We show that, due to the strong light-atom coupling contributed by the transverse confinement of the HC-PCF, the EIT and hence the optical Kerr nonlinearity of the system can be largely enhanced, and hence optical solitons with very short formation distance, ultraslow propagation velocity, and extremely low generation power can be realized. We also show that the optical solitons obtained can not only be robust during propagation, but also be stored and retrieved with high efficiency through the switching off and on of a control laser field. The results reported herein are promising for practical applications of all-optical information processing and transmission via the ultraslow weak-light solitons and the kagome-structured HC-PCF.
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25
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Bhushan S, Easwaran RK. Theoretical design for generation of slow light in a two-dimensional magneto optical trap using electromagnetically induced transparency. APPLIED OPTICS 2017; 56:3817-3823. [PMID: 28463274 DOI: 10.1364/ao.56.003817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a novel technique for slow light experiments using electromagnetically induced transparency using a two-dimensional magneto optical trap (2D-MOT). A compact 2D-MOT design efficient for quantum memory applications with adjustable optical depth (OD) is proposed. We estimated the OD for our 2D-MOT setup and found that light group velocities as low as 1.4 m/s can be attained. Our design for 2D-MOT allows precise control and optimization of the OD such that high storage efficiencies could also be achieved. With our design, it is possible to obtain a delay bandwidth product of 163, which is very high in comparison to previously obtained values.
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26
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Ma L, Slattery O, Tang X. Optical quantum memory based on electromagnetically induced transparency. JOURNAL OF OPTICS (2010) 2017; 19:043001. [PMID: 28828172 PMCID: PMC5562294 DOI: 10.1088/2040-8986/19/4/043001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is a promising approach to implement quantum memory in quantum communication and quantum computing applications. In this paper, following a brief overview of the main approaches to quantum memory, we provide details of the physical principle and theory of quantum memory based specifically on EIT. We discuss the key technologies for implementing quantum memory based on EIT and review important milestones, from the first experimental demonstration to current applications in quantum information systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Ma
- Information Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States of America
| | - Oliver Slattery
- Information Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States of America
| | - Xiao Tang
- Information Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States of America
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27
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Large Fizeau's light-dragging effect in a moving electromagnetically induced transparent medium. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13030. [PMID: 27694938 PMCID: PMC5063957 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the most influential experiments on the development of modern macroscopic theory from Newtonian mechanics to Einstein's special theory of relativity, the phenomenon of light dragging in a moving medium has been discussed and observed extensively in different types of systems. To have a significant dragging effect, the long duration of light travelling in the medium is preferred. Here we demonstrate a light-dragging experiment in an electromagnetically induced transparent cold atomic ensemble and enhance the dragging effect by at least three orders of magnitude compared with the previous experiments. With a large enhancement of the dragging effect, we realize an atom-based velocimeter that has a sensitivity two orders of magnitude higher than the velocity width of the atomic medium used. Such a demonstration could pave the way for motional sensing using the collective state of atoms in a room temperature vapour cell or solid state material. Phase velocity of light can be slowed down when passing through a moving medium. Here the authors demonstrate a light dragging effect enhanced by three orders of magnitude over previous reports by using electromagnetically induced transparency in cold Rubidium atoms and utilize this effect for motion sensors.
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28
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Distante E, Padrón-Brito A, Cristiani M, Paredes-Barato D, de Riedmatten H. Storage Enhanced Nonlinearities in a Cold Atomic Rydberg Ensemble. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:113001. [PMID: 27661683 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.113001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The combination of electromagnetically induced transparency with the nonlinear interaction between Rydberg atoms provides an effective interaction between photons. In this Letter, we investigate the storage of optical pulses as collective Rydberg atomic excitations in a cold atomic ensemble. By measuring the dynamics of the stored Rydberg polaritons, we experimentally demonstrate that storing a probe pulse as Rydberg polaritons strongly enhances the Rydberg mediated interaction compared to the slow propagation case. We show that the process is characterized by two time scales. At short storage times, we observe a strong enhancement of the interaction due to the reduction of the Rydberg polariton group velocity down to 0. For longer storage times, we observe a further, weaker enhancement dominated by Rydberg induced dephasing of the multiparticle components of the state. In this regime, we observe a nonlinear dependence of the Rydberg polariton coherence time with the input photon number. Our results have direct consequences in Rydberg quantum optics and may enable the test of new theories of strongly interacting Rydberg systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Distante
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Padrón-Brito
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Cristiani
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Paredes-Barato
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - H de Riedmatten
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08015 Barcelona, Spain
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29
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Saunders DJ, Munns JHD, Champion TFM, Qiu C, Kaczmarek KT, Poem E, Ledingham PM, Walmsley IA, Nunn J. Cavity-Enhanced Room-Temperature Broadband Raman Memory. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:090501. [PMID: 26991164 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.090501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Broadband quantum memories hold great promise as multiplexing elements in future photonic quantum information protocols. Alkali-vapor Raman memories combine high-bandwidth storage, on-demand readout, and operation at room temperature without collisional fluorescence noise. However, previous implementations have required large control pulse energies and have suffered from four-wave-mixing noise. Here, we present a Raman memory where the storage interaction is enhanced by a low-finesse birefringent cavity tuned into simultaneous resonance with the signal and control fields, dramatically reducing the energy required to drive the memory. By engineering antiresonance for the anti-Stokes field, we also suppress the four-wave-mixing noise and report the lowest unconditional noise floor yet achieved in a Raman-type warm vapor memory, (15±2)×10^{-3} photons per pulse, with a total efficiency of (9.5±0.5)%.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Saunders
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - J H D Munns
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
- QOLS, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - T F M Champion
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - C Qiu
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, Quantum Institute for Light and Atoms, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - K T Kaczmarek
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - E Poem
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - P M Ledingham
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - I A Walmsley
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - J Nunn
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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30
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Schraft D, Hain M, Lorenz N, Halfmann T. Stopped Light at High Storage Efficiency in a Pr^{3+}:Y_{2}SiO_{5} Crystal. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:073602. [PMID: 26943534 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.073602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate efficient storage and retrieval of light pulses by electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a Pr^{3+}:Y_{2}SiO_{5} crystal. Using a ring-type multipass configuration, we increase the optical depth (OD) of the medium up to a factor of 16 towards OD≈96. Combining the large optical depth with optimized conditions for EIT, we reach a light storage efficiency of (76.3±3.5)%. In addition, we perform extended systematic measurements of the storage efficiency versus optical depth, control Rabi frequency, and probe pulse duration. The data confirm the theoretically expected behavior of an EIT-driven solid-state memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schraft
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstr. 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Marcel Hain
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstr. 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Lorenz
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstr. 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Thomas Halfmann
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstr. 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
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31
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Muralidharan S, Li L, Kim J, Lütkenhaus N, Lukin MD, Jiang L. Optimal architectures for long distance quantum communication. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20463. [PMID: 26876670 PMCID: PMC4753438 DOI: 10.1038/srep20463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the tremendous progress of quantum cryptography, efficient quantum communication over long distances (≥1000 km) remains an outstanding challenge due to fiber attenuation and operation errors accumulated over the entire communication distance. Quantum repeaters (QRs), as a promising approach, can overcome both photon loss and operation errors, and hence significantly speedup the communication rate. Depending on the methods used to correct loss and operation errors, all the proposed QR schemes can be classified into three categories (generations). Here we present the first systematic comparison of three generations of quantum repeaters by evaluating the cost of both temporal and physical resources, and identify the optimized quantum repeater architecture for a given set of experimental parameters for use in quantum key distribution. Our work provides a roadmap for the experimental realizations of highly efficient quantum networks over transcontinental distances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linshu Li
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511 USA
| | - Jungsang Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Norbert Lütkenhaus
- Institute of Quantum computing, University of Waterloo, N2L 3G1 Waterloo, Canada
| | - Mikhail D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Liang Jiang
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511 USA
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32
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Lee CY, Wu BH, Wang G, Chen YF, Chen YC, Yu IA. High conversion efficiency in resonant four-wave mixing processes. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:1008-1016. [PMID: 26832483 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.001008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new scheme of the resonant four-wave mixing (FWM) for the frequency up or down conversion, which is more efficient than the commonly-used scheme of the non-resonant FWM. In this new scheme, two control fields are spatially varied such that a probe field at the input can be converted to a signal field at the output. The efficiency of probe-to-signal energy conversion can be 90% at medium's optical depth of about 100. Our proposed scheme works for both the continuous-wave and pulse cases, and is flexible in choosing the control field intensity. This work provides a very useful tool in the nonlinear frequency conversion.
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33
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Abstract
Coherent storage of optical image in a coherently-driven medium is a promising method with possible applications in many fields. In this work, we experimentally report a controllable spatial-frequency routing of image via atomic spin coherence in a solid-state medium driven by electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Under the EIT-based light-storage regime, a transverse spatial image carried by the probe field is stored into atomic spin coherence. By manipulating the frequency and spatial propagation direction of the read control field, the stored image is transferred into a new spatial-frequency channel. When two read control fields are used to retrieve the stored information, the image information is converted into a superposition of two spatial-frequency modes. Through this technique, the image is manipulated coherently and all-optically in a controlled fashion.
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Yang SJ, Wang XJ, Li J, Rui J, Bao XH, Pan JW. Highly retrievable spin-wave-photon entanglement source. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:210501. [PMID: 26066421 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.210501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Entanglement between a single photon and a quantum memory forms the building blocks for a quantum repeater and quantum network. Previous entanglement sources are typically with low retrieval efficiency, which limits future larger-scale applications. Here, we report a source of highly retrievable spin-wave-photon entanglement. Polarization entanglement is created through interaction of a single photon with an ensemble of atoms inside a low-finesse ring cavity. The cavity is engineered to be resonant for dual spin-wave modes, which thus enables efficient retrieval of the spin-wave qubit. An intrinsic retrieval efficiency up to 76(4)% has been observed. Such a highly retrievable atom-photon entanglement source will be very useful in future larger-scale quantum repeater and quantum network applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Jun Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xu-Jie Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jun Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jun Rui
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Bao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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Cascaded optical transparency in multimode-cavity optomechanical systems. Nat Commun 2015; 6:5850. [PMID: 25586909 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Electromagnetically induced transparency has great theoretical and experimental importance in many areas of physics, such as atomic physics, quantum optics and, more recent, cavity optomechanics. Optical delay is the most prominent feature of electromagnetically induced transparency, and in cavity optomechanics, the optical delay is limited by the mechanical dissipation rate of sideband-resolved mechanical modes. Here we demonstrate a cascaded optical transparency scheme by leveraging the parametric phonon-phonon coupling in a multimode optomechanical system, where a low damping mechanical mode in the unresolved-sideband regime is made to couple to an intermediate, high-frequency mechanical mode in the resolved-sideband regime of an optical cavity. Extended optical delay and higher transmission as well as optical advancing are demonstrated. These results provide a route to realize ultra-long optical delay, indicating a significant step towards integrated classical and quantum information storage devices.
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Lee MJ, Ruseckas J, Lee CY, Kudriašov V, Chang KF, Cho HW, Juzeliānas G, Yu IA. Experimental demonstration of spinor slow light. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5542. [PMID: 25417851 PMCID: PMC4263133 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Slow light based on the effect of electromagnetically induced transparency is of great interest due to its applications in low-light-level nonlinear optics and quantum information manipulation. The previous experiments all dealt with the single-component slow light. Here, we report the experimental demonstration of two-component or spinor slow light using a double-tripod atom-light coupling scheme. The scheme involves three atomic ground states coupled to two excited states by six light fields. The oscillation due to the interaction between the two components was observed. On the basis of the stored light, our data showed that the double-tripod scheme behaves like the two outcomes of an interferometer enabling precision measurements of frequency detuning. We experimentally demonstrated a possible application of the double-tripod scheme as quantum memory/rotator for the two-colour qubit. Our study also suggests that the spinor slow light is a better method than a widely used scheme in the nonlinear frequency conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jung Lee
- Department of Physics and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Julius Ruseckas
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astronomy, Vilnius University, A. Goštauto 12, Vilnius 01108, Lithuania
| | - Chin-Yuan Lee
- Department of Physics and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Viačeslav Kudriašov
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astronomy, Vilnius University, A. Goštauto 12, Vilnius 01108, Lithuania
| | - Kao-Fang Chang
- Department of Physics and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wen Cho
- Department of Physics and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Gediminas Juzeliānas
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astronomy, Vilnius University, A. Goštauto 12, Vilnius 01108, Lithuania
| | - Ite A Yu
- Department of Physics and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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Liao WT, Keitel CH, Pálffy A. All-electromagnetic control of broadband quantum excitations using gradient photon echoes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:123602. [PMID: 25279629 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.123602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A broadband photon echo effect in a three level Λ-type system interacting with two laser fields is investigated theoretically. Inspired by the emerging field of nuclear quantum optics which typically deals with very narrow resonances, we consider broadband probe pulses that couple to the system in the presence of an inhomogeneous control field. We show that such a setup provides an all-electromagnetic-field solution to implement high bandwidth photon echoes, which are easy to control, store and shape on a short time scale and, therefore, may speed up future photonic information processing. The time compression of the echo signal and possible applications for quantum memories are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Te Liao
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph H Keitel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adriana Pálffy
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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Lee YS, Moon HS. Spatial transport of atomic coherence in electromagnetically induced absorption with a paraffin-coated Rb vapor cell. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:15941-15948. [PMID: 24977849 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.015941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the spatial transport of spontaneously transferred atomic coherence (STAC) in electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA), which resulted from moving atoms with the STAC of the 5S(1/2) (F = 2)-5P(3/2) (F' = 3) transition of (87)Rb in a paraffin-coated vapor cell. In our experiment, two channels were spatially separate; the writing channel (WC) generated STAC in the EIA configuration, and the reading channel (RC) retrieved the optical field from the spatially transported STAC. Transported between the spatially separated positions, the fast light pulse of EIA in the WC and the delayed light pulse in the RC were observed. When the laser direction of the RC was counter-propagated in the direction of the WC, we observed direction reversal of the transported light pulse in the EIA medium. Furthermore, the delay time, the magnitude, and the width of the spatially transported light pulse were investigated with respect to the distance between the two channels.
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Hsiao YF, Tsai PJ, Lin CC, Chen YF, Yu IA, Chen YC. Coherence properties of amplified slow light by four-wave mixing. OPTICS LETTERS 2014; 39:3394-3397. [PMID: 24978494 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.003394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present an experimental study of the coherence properties of amplified slow light by four-wave mixing (FWM) in a three-level electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) system driven by one additional pump field. High energy gain (up to 19) is obtained with a weak pump field (a few mW/cm2) using optically dense cold atomic gases. A large fraction of the amplified light is found to be phase incoherent to the input signal field. The dependence of the incoherent fraction on pump field intensity and detuning and the control field intensity is systematically studied. With the classical input pulses, our results support a recent theoretical study by Lauk et al. [Phys. Rev. A88, 013823 (2013)], showing that the noise resulting from the atomic dipole fluctuations associated with spontaneous decay is significant in the high gain regime. This effect has to be taken into consideration in EIT-based applications in the presence of FWM.
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Single-photon-level quantum image memory based on cold atomic ensembles. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2527. [PMID: 24084711 PMCID: PMC3806433 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A quantum memory is a key component for quantum networks, which will enable the distribution of quantum information. Its successful development requires storage of single-photon light. Encoding photons with spatial shape through higher-dimensional states significantly increases their information-carrying capability and network capacity. However, constructing such quantum memories is challenging. Here we report the first experimental realization of a true single-photon-carrying orbital angular momentum stored via electromagnetically induced transparency in a cold atomic ensemble. Our experiments show that the non-classical pair correlation between trigger photon and retrieved photon is retained, and the spatial structure of input and retrieved photons exhibits strong similarity. More importantly, we demonstrate that single-photon coherence is preserved during storage. The ability to store spatial structure at the single-photon level opens the possibility for high-dimensional quantum memories. Photonic quantum memories are necessary for quantum information networks and can be built using cold atomic gases. In this work, Ding et al. show the first storage and retrieval of single photons carrying orbital angular momentum using electromagnetically induced transparency in a cold rubidium ensemble.
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Blatt F, Halfmann T, Peters T. One-dimensional ultracold medium of extreme optical depth. OPTICS LETTERS 2014; 39:446-449. [PMID: 24487836 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.000446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report on the preparation of a one-dimensional ultracold medium in a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber, reaching an effective optical depth of 1000(150). We achieved this extreme optical depth by transferring atoms from a magneto-optical trap into a far-detuned optical dipole trap inside the hollow-core fiber, yielding up to 2.5(3)×10(5) atoms inside the core with a loading efficiency of 2.5(6)%. The preparation of an ultracold medium of such huge optical depth paves the way toward new applications in quantum optics and nonlinear optics.
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Xu Z, Wu Y, Tian L, Chen L, Zhang Z, Yan Z, Li S, Wang H, Xie C, Peng K. Long lifetime and high-fidelity quantum memory of photonic polarization qubit by lifting zeeman degeneracy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:240503. [PMID: 24483636 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.240503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Long-lived and high-fidelity memory for a photonic polarization qubit (PPQ) is crucial for constructing quantum networks. We present a millisecond storage system based on electromagnetically induced transparency, in which a moderate magnetic field is applied on a cold-atom cloud to lift Zeeman degeneracy and, thus, the PPQ states are stored as two magnetic-field-insensitive spin waves. Especially, the influence of magnetic-field-sensitive spin waves on the storage performances is almost totally avoided. The measured average fidelities of the polarization states are 98.6% at 200 μs and 78.4% at 4.5 ms, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxiao Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuelong Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Tian
- The State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Lirong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiying Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Yan
- The State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujing Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Changde Xie
- The State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunchi Peng
- The State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
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Lee YS, Lee HJ, Moon HS. Phase measurement of fast light pulse in electromagnetically induced absorption. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:22464-22470. [PMID: 24104135 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.022464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report the phase measurement of a fast light pulse in electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) of the 5S₁/₂ (F = 2)-5P₃/₂ (F' = 3) transition of ⁸⁷Rb atoms. Using a beat-note interferometer method, a stable measurement without phase dithering of the phase of the probe pulse before and after it has passed through the EIA medium was achieved. Comparing the phases of the light pulse in air and that of the fast light pulse though the EIA medium, the phase of the fast light pulse at EIA resonance was not shifted and maintained to be the same as that of the free-space light pulse. The classical fidelity of the fast light pulse according to the advancement of the group velocity by adjusting the atomic density was estimated to be more than 97%.
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Lovrić M, Suter D, Ferrier A, Goldner P. Faithful solid state optical memory with dynamically decoupled spin wave storage. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:020503. [PMID: 23889376 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.020503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report a high fidelity optical memory in which dynamical decoupling is used to extend the storage time. This is demonstrated in a rare-earth doped crystal in which optical coherences were transferred to nuclear spin coherences and then protected against environmental noise by dynamical decoupling, leading to storage times of up to 4.2 ms. An interference experiment shows that relative phases of input pulses are preserved through the whole storage and retrieval process with a visibility ≈1, demonstrating the usefulness of dynamical decoupling for extending the storage time of quantum memories. We also show that dynamical decoupling sequences insensitive to initial spin coherence increase retrieval efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Lovrić
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät Physik, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
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