1
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Shvyd'ko Y, Röhlsberger R, Kocharovskaya O, Evers J, Geloni GA, Liu P, Shu D, Miceli A, Stone B, Hippler W, Marx-Glowna B, Uschmann I, Loetzsch R, Leupold O, Wille HC, Sergeev I, Gerharz M, Zhang X, Grech C, Guetg M, Kocharyan V, Kujala N, Liu S, Qin W, Zozulya A, Hallmann J, Boesenberg U, Jo W, Möller J, Rodriguez-Fernandez A, Youssef M, Madsen A, Kolodziej T. Resonant X-ray excitation of the nuclear clock isomer 45Sc. Nature 2023; 622:471-475. [PMID: 37758953 PMCID: PMC10584683 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06491-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Resonant oscillators with stable frequencies and large quality factors help us to keep track of time with high precision. Examples range from quartz crystal oscillators in wristwatches to atomic oscillators in atomic clocks, which are, at present, our most precise time measurement devices1. The search for more stable and convenient reference oscillators is continuing2-6. Nuclear oscillators are better than atomic oscillators because of their naturally higher quality factors and higher resilience against external perturbations7-9. One of the most promising cases is an ultra-narrow nuclear resonance transition in 45Sc between the ground state and the 12.4-keV isomeric state with a long lifetime of 0.47 s (ref. 10). The scientific potential of 45Sc was realized long ago, but applications require 45Sc resonant excitation, which in turn requires accelerator-driven, high-brightness X-ray sources11 that have become available only recently. Here we report on resonant X-ray excitation of the 45Sc isomeric state by irradiation of Sc-metal foil with 12.4-keV photon pulses from a state-of-the-art X-ray free-electron laser and subsequent detection of nuclear decay products. Simultaneously, the transition energy was determined as [Formula: see text] with an uncertainty that is two orders of magnitude smaller than the previously known values. These advancements enable the application of this isomer in extreme metrology, nuclear clock technology, ultra-high-precision spectroscopy and similar applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ralf Röhlsberger
- Helmholtz Institute Jena, Jena, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Jörg Evers
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Peifan Liu
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Deming Shu
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Willi Hippler
- Helmholtz Institute Jena, Jena, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Berit Marx-Glowna
- Helmholtz Institute Jena, Jena, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | | | - Olaf Leupold
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Ilya Sergeev
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Gerharz
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xiwen Zhang
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Marc Guetg
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Naresh Kujala
- European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Shan Liu
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Weilun Qin
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexey Zozulya
- European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Jörg Hallmann
- European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | - Wonhyuk Jo
- European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Johannes Möller
- European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | - Mohamed Youssef
- European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Anders Madsen
- European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Schenefeld, Germany
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2
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Khaitov M, Nikonova A, Kofiadi I, Shilovskiy I, Smirnov V, Elisytina O, Maerle A, Shatilov A, Shatilova A, Andreev S, Sergeev I, Trofimov D, Latysheva T, Ilyna N, Martynov A, Rabdano S, Ruzanova E, Savelev N, Pletiukhina I, Safi A, Ratnikov V, Gorelov V, Kaschenko V, Kucherenko N, Umarova I, Moskaleva S, Fabrichnikov S, Zuev O, Pavlov N, Kruchko D, Berzin I, Goryachev D, Merkulov V, Shipulin G, Udin S, Trukhin V, Valenta R, Skvortsova V. Treatment of COVID-19 patients with a SARS-CoV-2-specific siRNA-peptide dendrimer formulation. Allergy 2023. [PMID: 36721963 DOI: 10.1111/all.15663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) infection frequently causes severe and prolonged disease but only few specific treatments are available. We aimed to investigate safety and efficacy of a SARS-CoV-2-specific siRNA-peptide dendrimer formulation MIR 19® (siR-7-EM/KK-46) targeting a conserved sequence in known SARS-CoV-2 variants for treatment of COVID-19. METHODS We conducted an open-label, randomized, controlled multicenter phase II trial (NCT05184127) evaluating safety and efficacy of inhaled siR-7-EM/KK-46 (3.7 mg and 11.1 mg/day: low and high dose, respectively) in comparison with standard etiotropic drug treatment (control group) in patients hospitalized with moderate COVID-19 (N = 52 for each group). The primary endpoint was the time to clinical improvement according to predefined criteria within 14 days of randomization. RESULTS Patients from the low-dose group achieved the primary endpoint defined by simultaneous achievement of relief of fever, normalization of respiratory rate, reduction of coughing, and oxygen saturation of >95% for 48 h significantly earlier (median 6 days; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5-7, HR 1.75, p = .0005) than patients from the control group (8 days; 95% CI: 7-10). No significant clinical efficacy was observed for the high-dose group. Adverse events were reported in 26 (50.00%), 25 (48.08%), and 28 (53.85%) patients from the low-, high-dose and control group, respectively. None of them were associated with siR-7-EM/KK-46. CONCLUSIONS siR-7-EM/KK-46, a SARS-CoV-2-specific siRNA-peptide dendrimer formulation is safe, well tolerated and significantly reduces time to clinical improvement in patients hospitalized with moderate COVID-19 compared to standard therapy in a randomized controlled trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Khaitov
- National Research Center (NRC) Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra Nikonova
- National Research Center (NRC) Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia.,RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya Kofiadi
- National Research Center (NRC) Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Shilovskiy
- National Research Center (NRC) Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valeriy Smirnov
- National Research Center (NRC) Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Elisytina
- National Research Center (NRC) Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia.,RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem Maerle
- National Research Center (NRC) Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem Shatilov
- National Research Center (NRC) Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Shatilova
- National Research Center (NRC) Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Andreev
- National Research Center (NRC) Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya Sergeev
- National Research Center (NRC) Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Trofimov
- National Research Center (NRC) Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatyana Latysheva
- National Research Center (NRC) Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Ilyna
- National Research Center (NRC) Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Martynov
- National Research Center (NRC) Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sevastyan Rabdano
- Federal State Unitary Enterprise "The Saint Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums and the Enterprise for the Production of Bacterial Preparations" of Federal Medical and Biologic Agency (FSUE SPbSRIVS FMBA of Russia), St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ellina Ruzanova
- Federal State Unitary Enterprise "The Saint Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums and the Enterprise for the Production of Bacterial Preparations" of Federal Medical and Biologic Agency (FSUE SPbSRIVS FMBA of Russia), St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikita Savelev
- Federal State Unitary Enterprise "The Saint Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums and the Enterprise for the Production of Bacterial Preparations" of Federal Medical and Biologic Agency (FSUE SPbSRIVS FMBA of Russia), St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Iuliia Pletiukhina
- Federal State Unitary Enterprise "The Saint Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums and the Enterprise for the Production of Bacterial Preparations" of Federal Medical and Biologic Agency (FSUE SPbSRIVS FMBA of Russia), St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ariana Safi
- Federal State Unitary Enterprise "The Saint Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums and the Enterprise for the Production of Bacterial Preparations" of Federal Medical and Biologic Agency (FSUE SPbSRIVS FMBA of Russia), St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav Ratnikov
- North-West District Scientific and Clinical Center named after L.G. Sokolov Federal Medical and Biological Agency, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Viktor Gorelov
- North-West District Scientific and Clinical Center named after L.G. Sokolov Federal Medical and Biological Agency, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Viktor Kaschenko
- North-West District Scientific and Clinical Center named after L.G. Sokolov Federal Medical and Biological Agency, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalya Kucherenko
- North-West District Scientific and Clinical Center named after L.G. Sokolov Federal Medical and Biological Agency, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina Umarova
- North-West District Scientific and Clinical Center named after L.G. Sokolov Federal Medical and Biological Agency, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Svetlana Moskaleva
- North-West District Scientific and Clinical Center named after L.G. Sokolov Federal Medical and Biological Agency, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergei Fabrichnikov
- North-West District Scientific and Clinical Center named after L.G. Sokolov Federal Medical and Biological Agency, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Oleg Zuev
- Federal Clinical Center of High Medical Technologies of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolai Pavlov
- Federal Clinical Center of High Medical Technologies of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria Kruchko
- Federal Medico-biological Agency of Russia (FMBA Russia), Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Berzin
- Federal Medico-biological Agency of Russia (FMBA Russia), Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitriy Goryachev
- Centre for Evaluation and Control of Finished Pharmaceutical Products, Federal State Budgetary Institution "Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim Merkulov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.,Centre for Evaluation and Control of Finished Pharmaceutical Products, Federal State Budgetary Institution "Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - German Shipulin
- Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia Federal State Budgetary Institution "Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks" of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Udin
- Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia Federal State Budgetary Institution "Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks" of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor Trukhin
- Federal State Unitary Enterprise "The Saint Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums and the Enterprise for the Production of Bacterial Preparations" of Federal Medical and Biologic Agency (FSUE SPbSRIVS FMBA of Russia), St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- National Research Center (NRC) Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.,Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Karl Landsteiner University of Healthcare, Krems, Austria
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3
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Shilovskiy I, Nikonova A, Barvinskaia E, Kaganova M, Nikolskii A, Vishnyakova L, Kovchina V, Yumashev K, Korneev A, Petukhova O, Kudlay D, Smirnov V, Andreev S, Kozhikhova K, Shatilov A, Shatilova A, Maerle A, Sergeev I, Trofimov D, Khaitov M. Anti-inflammatory effect of siRNAs targeted il-4 and il-13 in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis. Allergy 2022; 77:2829-2832. [PMID: 35538848 DOI: 10.1111/all.15366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandra Nikonova
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA, Moscow, Russia.,RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dmitry Kudlay
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA, Moscow, Russia.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Valeriy Smirnov
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA, Moscow, Russia.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | - Artem Maerle
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya Sergeev
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Musa Khaitov
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA, Moscow, Russia.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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4
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Heeg KP, Bocklage L, Strohm C, Ott C, Lentrodt D, Haber J, Wille HC, Rüffer R, Gollwitzer J, Adolff CF, Schlage K, Sergeev I, Leupold O, Meier G, Keitel CH, Röhlsberger R, Pfeifer T, Evers J. Reply to: On yoctosecond science. Nature 2022; 608:E18-E19. [PMID: 35948703 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04871-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kilian P Heeg
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lars Bocklage
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.,The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Christian Ott
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Johann Haber
- Lehrstuhl Quantenoptik, Department Physik, Fakultät IV, Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | | | - Rudolf Rüffer
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, CS40220, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Christian F Adolff
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.,The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kai Schlage
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ilya Sergeev
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Olaf Leupold
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Meier
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany.,Max-Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Ralf Röhlsberger
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.,Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Jena, Germany.,Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Jörg Evers
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany.
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5
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Khaitov M, Nikonova A, Shilovskiy I, Kozhikhova K, Kofiadi I, Vishnyakova L, Nikolskii A, Gattinger P, Kovchina V, Barvinskaia E, Yumashev K, Smirnov V, Maerle A, Kozlov I, Shatilov A, Timofeeva A, Andreev S, Koloskova O, Kuznetsova N, Vasina D, Nikiforova M, Rybalkin S, Sergeev I, Trofimov D, Martynov A, Berzin I, Gushchin V, Kovalchuk A, Borisevich S, Valenta R, Khaitov R, Skvortsova V. Silencing of SARS-CoV-2 with modified siRNA-peptide dendrimer formulation. Allergy 2021; 76:2840-2854. [PMID: 33837568 PMCID: PMC8251148 DOI: 10.1111/all.14850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background First vaccines for prevention of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) are becoming available but there is a huge and unmet need for specific forms of treatment. In this study we aimed to evaluate the anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 effect of siRNA both in vitro and in vivo. Methods To identify the most effective molecule out of a panel of 15 in silico designed siRNAs, an in vitro screening system based on vectors expressing SARS‐CoV‐2 genes fused with the firefly luciferase reporter gene and SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected cells was used. The most potent siRNA, siR‐7, was modified by Locked nucleic acids (LNAs) to obtain siR‐7‐EM with increased stability and was formulated with the peptide dendrimer KK‐46 for enhancing cellular uptake to allow topical application by inhalation of the final formulation – siR‐7‐EM/KK‐46. Using the Syrian Hamster model for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection the antiviral capacity of siR‐7‐EM/KK‐46 complex was evaluated. Results We identified the siRNA, siR‐7, targeting SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) as the most efficient siRNA inhibiting viral replication in vitro. Moreover, we showed that LNA‐modification and complexation with the designed peptide dendrimer enhanced the antiviral capacity of siR‐7 in vitro. We demonstrated significant reduction of virus titer and lung inflammation in animals exposed to inhalation of siR‐7‐EM/KK‐46 in vivo. Conclusions Thus, we developed a therapeutic strategy for COVID‐19 based on inhalation of a modified siRNA‐peptide dendrimer formulation. The developed medication is intended for inhalation treatment of COVID‐19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandra Nikonova
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA Moscow Russia
- Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera Moscow Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ivan Kozlov
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA Moscow Russia
| | | | | | | | | | - Nadezhda Kuznetsova
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N. F.Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation Moscow Russia
| | - Daria Vasina
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N. F.Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation Moscow Russia
| | - Maria Nikiforova
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N. F.Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation Moscow Russia
| | | | | | | | | | - Igor Berzin
- Federal Medico‐biological Agency of Russia (FMBA Russia) Moscow Russia
| | - Vladimir Gushchin
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N. F.Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation Moscow Russia
| | - Aleksey Kovalchuk
- 48 Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation Moscow Russia
| | - Sergei Borisevich
- 48 Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation Moscow Russia
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA Moscow Russia
- Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
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6
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Bocklage L, Gollwitzer J, Strohm C, Adolff CF, Schlage K, Sergeev I, Leupold O, Wille HC, Meier G, Röhlsberger R. Coherent control of collective nuclear quantum states via transient magnons. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabc3991. [PMID: 33514541 PMCID: PMC7846183 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc3991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast and precise control of quantum systems at x-ray energies involves photons with oscillation periods below 1 as. Coherent dynamic control of quantum systems at these energies is one of the major challenges in hard x-ray quantum optics. Here, we demonstrate that the phase of a quantum system embedded in a solid can be coherently controlled via a quasi-particle with subattosecond accuracy. In particular, we tune the quantum phase of a collectively excited nuclear state via transient magnons with a precision of 1 zs and a timing stability below 50 ys. These small temporal shifts are monitored interferometrically via quantum beats between different hyperfine-split levels. The experiment demonstrates zeptosecond interferometry and shows that transient quasi-particles enable accurate control of quantum systems embedded in condensed matter environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Bocklage
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Gollwitzer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cornelius Strohm
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian F Adolff
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kai Schlage
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ilya Sergeev
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Olaf Leupold
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Guido Meier
- Max-Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Röhlsberger
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
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7
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Pugovkin A, Erkudov V, Sergeev I, Khananashvili Y. ; THE PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS FOR ASSESSMENT OF HAEMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS BY MEANS OF ARTERIAL PRESSURE PULSE WAVEFORM ANALYSIS IN PERIPHERAL ARTERIES. GEORGIAN MEDICAL NEWS 2020:127-134. [PMID: 32965263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was elaboration of an approach for monitoring of cardiac output (CO) and systemic arterial pressure (SAP) using data obtained via measurements of the pulse waveform in peripheral arteries under steady-state and transitive conditions. CO and SAP were simultaneously recorded in common carotid and femoral arteries in narcotized (urethane, 1 mg/g) rats continuously and after infusions of sodium nitroprusside, adrenaline hydrochloride, dextran solution or acute experimental hemorrhage. Fourier analysis has been employed for estimating the generalized transfer functions (GTFs) and generalized vascular input impedance (GVI) along with individualized transfer functions (ITFs) for the states in the aftermath of infusions of vasoactive pharmacological agents, dextran solution or acute experimental hemorrhage. The results of pulse waveform analysis in the femoral artery were used for reconstruction of the pulse curves in carotid arteries and aortic blood flow. A comparison of directly measured and predicted pressure and flow values revealed the absence of significant differences under steady-state conditions. Short-term shifts of haemodynamics that follow various transitory influences on the cardiovascular system inevitably evoke changes in the mechanical properties of the blood vessels. Since both GTF and ITF express the mechanical properties of the vascular bed, their values also change under these conditions. This causes control of vascular stiffness and rigidity by estimation of the pulse wave velocities before and after administration of vasoactive agents and/or changes of the circulation blood volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pugovkin
- 1St.Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University; Russia
| | - V Erkudov
- 1St.Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University; Russia
| | - I Sergeev
- 2I.P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg; Russia
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8
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Kovalev K, Astashkin R, Gushchin I, Orekhov P, Volkov D, Zinovev E, Marin E, Rulev M, Alekseev A, Royant A, Carpentier P, Vaganova S, Zabelskii D, Baeken C, Sergeev I, Balandin T, Bourenkov G, Carpena X, Boer R, Maliar N, Borshchevskiy V, Büldt G, Bamberg E, Gordeliy V. Molecular mechanism of light-driven sodium pumping. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2137. [PMID: 32358514 PMCID: PMC7195465 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16032-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The light-driven sodium-pumping rhodopsin KR2 from Krokinobacter eikastus is the only non-proton cation active transporter with demonstrated potential for optogenetics. However, the existing structural data on KR2 correspond exclusively to its ground state, and show no sodium inside the protein, which hampers the understanding of sodium-pumping mechanism. Here we present crystal structure of the O-intermediate of the physiologically relevant pentameric form of KR2 at the resolution of 2.1 Å, revealing a sodium ion near the retinal Schiff base, coordinated by N112 and D116 of the characteristic NDQ triad. We also obtained crystal structures of D116N and H30A variants, conducted metadynamics simulations and measured pumping activities of putative pathway mutants to demonstrate that sodium release likely proceeds alongside Q78 towards the structural sodium ion bound between KR2 protomers. Our findings highlight the importance of pentameric assembly for sodium pump function, and may be used for rational engineering of enhanced optogenetic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Kovalev
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Institute of Crystallography, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Roman Astashkin
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Ivan Gushchin
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Philipp Orekhov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Dmytro Volkov
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Egor Zinovev
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Egor Marin
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Maksim Rulev
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Alexey Alekseev
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Institute of Crystallography, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Antoine Royant
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe Carpentier
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility Grenoble, Grenoble, France
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Laboratoire Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (LCBM), Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Svetlana Vaganova
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Dmitrii Zabelskii
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Christian Baeken
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ilya Sergeev
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Taras Balandin
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Gleb Bourenkov
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg unit c/o DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Xavier Carpena
- XALOC beamline, ALBA synchrotron (CELLS), Cerdanyola del Valles, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Roeland Boer
- XALOC beamline, ALBA synchrotron (CELLS), Cerdanyola del Valles, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Nina Maliar
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Valentin Borshchevskiy
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Georg Büldt
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Ernst Bamberg
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Valentin Gordeliy
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France.
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.
- JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.
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Shilovskiy I, Andreev S, Mazurov D, Barvinskaia E, Bolotova S, Nikolskii A, Sergeev I, Maerle A, Kudlay D, Khaitov M. Identification of a novel splice variant for mouse and human interleukin-5. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03586. [PMID: 32211550 PMCID: PMC7082524 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of interleukins and their receptors is often regulated by alternative splicing. Alternative isoform of IL-5 receptor α-chain is well studied; however, no data on functional alternative splice variants of IL-5 has been reported up today. In the present study, we describe a novel splice variant for the mouse and human IL-5. The new form was found during analysis of PCR-products amplified from different mouse lymphoid tissues with a pair of primers designed to clone full-length mIL-5 ORF. A single short isoform of mIL-5 was detected along with the canonical full-length mRNA in ConA-stimulated lymphoid cells isolated from spleen, thymus, lymph nodes and blood. It was 30-40 nt shorter, and less abundant than classical form. The sequence analysis of an additional form of mIL-5 revealed that it lacks exon-2 (δ2). Using RT-PCR with the splice-specific primers we obtained an additional evidence for δ2 form expression. To verify whether mIL-5δ2 transcript is translated into protein, the coding sequences corresponding to full and δ2 forms of mIL-5 were cloned into an expression plasmid. After transfection into the human 293T cell line, we found that the short form of mIL-5 protein is expressed in cells and secreted into the supernatant, but at the reduced level than that detected for full isoform of mIL-5. Fluorescence microscopy examination revealed a partial translocation of mIL-5δ2 into cytoplasm, whereas mIL-5 resided mostly within endoplasmic reticulum. This can explain why the level of δ2 protein expression was reduced. Using a similar set of experimental approaches, we received the evidence that the human IL-5 mRNA has the δ2 splice form (hIL-5δ2) as well. It can be firmly detected by RT-PCR in PHA-activated mononuclear cells isolated from peripheral blood of healthy persons or patients with asthma. Altogether, our results showed that the human and mouse IL-5 have an alternative mRNA splice isoform, which loses exon-2, but nevertheless is expressed at protein level. However, more comprehensive studies will be required for evaluation of IL-5δ2 expression, regulation, biological function and clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Shilovskiy
- Laboratory of Antiviral Immunity, National Research Center Institute of Immunology of Federal Medico-biological Agency, Kashirskoe shosse 24, Moscow, 115522, Russia
| | - Sergei Andreev
- Laboratory of Peptide Immunogens, National Research Center Institute of Immunology of Federal Medico-biological Agency, Kashirskoe shosse 24, Moscow, 115522, Russia
| | - Dmitriy Mazurov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Street 34/5, Moscow, 119334, Russia
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, National Research Center Institute of Immunology of Federal Medico-biological Agency, Kashirskoe shosse 24, Moscow, 115522, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Barvinskaia
- Laboratory of Antiviral Immunity, National Research Center Institute of Immunology of Federal Medico-biological Agency, Kashirskoe shosse 24, Moscow, 115522, Russia
| | - Svetlana Bolotova
- Laboratory of Antiviral Immunity, National Research Center Institute of Immunology of Federal Medico-biological Agency, Kashirskoe shosse 24, Moscow, 115522, Russia
| | - Alexander Nikolskii
- Laboratory of Antiviral Immunity, National Research Center Institute of Immunology of Federal Medico-biological Agency, Kashirskoe shosse 24, Moscow, 115522, Russia
| | - Ilya Sergeev
- Laboratory of Human Histocompatibility Genetics, National Research Center Institute of Immunology of Federal Medico-biological Agency, Kashirskoe shosse 24, Moscow, 115522, Russia
| | - Artem Maerle
- Laboratory of Human Histocompatibility Genetics, National Research Center Institute of Immunology of Federal Medico-biological Agency, Kashirskoe shosse 24, Moscow, 115522, Russia
| | - Dmitrii Kudlay
- Laboratory of Personalized Medicine and Molecular Immunology, National Research Center Institute of Immunology of Federal Medico-biological Agency, Kashirskoe shosse 24, Moscow, 115522, Russia
| | - Musa Khaitov
- Laboratory of Personalized Medicine and Molecular Immunology, National Research Center Institute of Immunology of Federal Medico-biological Agency, Kashirskoe shosse 24, Moscow, 115522, Russia
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Wagner S, Auerbach H, Tait CE, Martinaiou I, Kumar SCN, Kübel C, Sergeev I, Wille H, Behrends J, Wolny JA, Schünemann V, Kramm UI. Elucidating the Structural Composition of an Fe–N–C Catalyst by Nuclear‐ and Electron‐Resonance Techniques. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:10486-10492. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Wagner
- TU DarmstadtGraduate School Energy Science and Engineering Otto-Berndt-Str. 3 64287 Darmstadt Germany
- TU DarmstadtDepartment of Material and Earth Sciences Otto-Berndt-Str. 3 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Hendrik Auerbach
- TU KaiserslauternDepartment of Physics, Biophysics and Medical Physics Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse 46 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Claudia E. Tait
- Freie Universität BerlinBerlin Joint EPR Lab, Department of Physics Arnimallee 14 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Ioanna Martinaiou
- TU DarmstadtGraduate School Energy Science and Engineering Otto-Berndt-Str. 3 64287 Darmstadt Germany
- TU DarmstadtDepartment of Chemistry Otto-Berndt-Str. 3 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Shyam C. N. Kumar
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute for NanotechnologyCampus North Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Christian Kübel
- TU DarmstadtDepartment of Material and Earth Sciences Otto-Berndt-Str. 3 64287 Darmstadt Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute for NanotechnologyCampus North Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Nano Micro FacilityCampus North Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Ilya Sergeev
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron Notkestraße 85 22607 Hamburg Germany
| | | | - Jan Behrends
- Freie Universität BerlinBerlin Joint EPR Lab, Department of Physics Arnimallee 14 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Juliusz A. Wolny
- TU KaiserslauternDepartment of Physics, Biophysics and Medical Physics Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse 46 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Volker Schünemann
- TU KaiserslauternDepartment of Physics, Biophysics and Medical Physics Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse 46 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Ulrike I. Kramm
- TU DarmstadtGraduate School Energy Science and Engineering Otto-Berndt-Str. 3 64287 Darmstadt Germany
- TU DarmstadtDepartment of Material and Earth Sciences Otto-Berndt-Str. 3 64287 Darmstadt Germany
- TU DarmstadtDepartment of Chemistry Otto-Berndt-Str. 3 64287 Darmstadt Germany
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11
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Wagner S, Auerbach H, Tait CE, Martinaiou I, Kumar SCN, Kübel C, Sergeev I, Wille H, Behrends J, Wolny JA, Schünemann V, Kramm UI. Elucidating the Structural Composition of an Fe–N–C Catalyst by Nuclear‐ and Electron‐Resonance Techniques. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201903753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Wagner
- TU DarmstadtGraduate School Energy Science and Engineering Otto-Berndt-Str. 3 64287 Darmstadt Germany
- TU DarmstadtDepartment of Material and Earth Sciences Otto-Berndt-Str. 3 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Hendrik Auerbach
- TU KaiserslauternDepartment of Physics, Biophysics and Medical Physics Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse 46 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Claudia E. Tait
- Freie Universität BerlinBerlin Joint EPR Lab, Department of Physics Arnimallee 14 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Ioanna Martinaiou
- TU DarmstadtGraduate School Energy Science and Engineering Otto-Berndt-Str. 3 64287 Darmstadt Germany
- TU DarmstadtDepartment of Chemistry Otto-Berndt-Str. 3 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Shyam C. N. Kumar
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute for NanotechnologyCampus North Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Christian Kübel
- TU DarmstadtDepartment of Material and Earth Sciences Otto-Berndt-Str. 3 64287 Darmstadt Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute for NanotechnologyCampus North Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Nano Micro FacilityCampus North Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Ilya Sergeev
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron Notkestraße 85 22607 Hamburg Germany
| | | | - Jan Behrends
- Freie Universität BerlinBerlin Joint EPR Lab, Department of Physics Arnimallee 14 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Juliusz A. Wolny
- TU KaiserslauternDepartment of Physics, Biophysics and Medical Physics Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse 46 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Volker Schünemann
- TU KaiserslauternDepartment of Physics, Biophysics and Medical Physics Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse 46 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Ulrike I. Kramm
- TU DarmstadtGraduate School Energy Science and Engineering Otto-Berndt-Str. 3 64287 Darmstadt Germany
- TU DarmstadtDepartment of Material and Earth Sciences Otto-Berndt-Str. 3 64287 Darmstadt Germany
- TU DarmstadtDepartment of Chemistry Otto-Berndt-Str. 3 64287 Darmstadt Germany
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12
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Masiello F, Cembali G, Chumakov AI, Connell SH, Ferrero C, Härtwig J, Sergeev I, Van Vaerenbergh P. Rocking curve measurements revisited. J Appl Crystallogr 2014. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576714012527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to correctly analyse high-resolution rocking curves of high-quality crystals, a special effort is needed to estimate the systematic contributions coming from the experimental setup. This article highlights the main areas that require special analytical treatment and presents results obtained using different approaches to the problem, as well as some typical results for high-quality silicon and diamond crystals.
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13
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Chumakov AI, Sergeev I, Celse JP, Rüffer R, Lesourd M, Zhang L, Sánchez del Río M. Performance of a silicon monochromator under high heat load. J Synchrotron Radiat 2014; 21:315-324. [PMID: 24562552 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577513033158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The performance of a cryogenically cooled double-crystal silicon monochromator was studied under high-heat-load conditions with total absorbed powers and power densities ranging from 8 to 780 W and from 8 to 240 W mm(-2), respectively. When the temperature of the first crystal is maintained close to the temperature of zero thermal expansion of silicon, the monochromator shows nearly ideal performance with a thermal slope error of 0.6 µrad. By tuning the size of the first slit, the regime of the ideal performance can be maintained over a wide range of heat loads, i.e. from power densities of 110 W mm(-2) (at total absorbed power of 510 W) to 240 W mm(-2) (at total absorbed power of 240 W).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilya Sergeev
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Rudolf Rüffer
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Marc Lesourd
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Lin Zhang
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, F-38043 Grenoble, France
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14
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Sergeev I. High-pressure studies of lattice dynamics and magnetism by nuclear resonance scattering. Acta Crystallogr A 2013. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767313098851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Abstract
The mitochondrion depends upon the import of cytosolically synthesized preproteins for most of the proteins that comprise its structural elements and metabolic pathways. Here we have examined the influence of redox conditions on mitochondrial preprotein import and processing by mammalian mitochondria. Paraquat pretreatment of isolated mitochondria inhibited the subsequent import preornithine transcarbamylase (pOTC) in vitro. In intact cells oxidizing conditions led to decreased levels of mature OTC and accumulation of its preprotein. Implicating a mitochondrial import lesion, the fluorescence of pOTC-GFP (a protein in which the presequence of pOTC was fused to green fluorescent protein) transfected cells was decreased by paraquat treatment while cytosolic wild-type GFP remained largely unaffected. The accumulation of preproteins was enhanced by proteasome inhibitors. We observed that precursor proteins that failed to be imported, due to oxidizing conditions or an intrinsically slower import rate, are susceptible to degradation. Inhibition of the proteasome was also found to lead to higher levels of the translocase outer membrane protein 20 (Tom20) and to the perinuclear accumulation of mitochondria. These studies indicate that cellular redox conditions influence mitochondrial import, which, in turn, affects mitochondrial protein levels. A role for the proteasome in this process and in general mitochondrial function was also indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wright
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Honjo 2-2-1, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
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Norman AW, Nemere I, Zhou LX, Bishop JE, Lowe KE, Maiyar AC, Collins ED, Taoka T, Sergeev I, Farach-Carson MC. 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3, a steroid hormone that produces biologic effects via both genomic and nongenomic pathways. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1992; 41:231-40. [PMID: 1314073 DOI: 10.1016/0960-0760(92)90349-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The hormonally active form of vitamin D is 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3]. This seco-steroid is the key mediator of the vitamin D endocrine system which produces biological effects in over 28 target tissues. In these target tissues, the biological responses may be generated both by a signal transduction mechanism which involves a nuclear receptor for 1,25(OH)2D3 that modulates gene transcription or a signal transduction pathway which involves rapid opening of Ca2+ channels which are externally located on the plasma membrane. This paper reviews the evidence in support of the pleiotropic effects of this steroid hormone and presents evidence that the receptor of the genomic effects is likely to be separate from the receptor/membrane recognition element which initiates the rapid nongenomic biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Norman
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside 92521
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17
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Farach-Carson MC, Sergeev I, Norman AW. Nongenomic actions of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in rat osteosarcoma cells: structure-function studies using ligand analogs. Endocrinology 1991; 129:1876-84. [PMID: 1655387 DOI: 10.1210/endo-129-4-1876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblast-like osteosarcoma cells (ROS 17/2.8) display a rapid transmembrane influx of extracellular calcium after stimulation by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] that is mediated largely by the opening of voltage-gated calcium channels. These cells also constitutively express high numbers (greater than 18,000/cell) of nuclear receptors for this seco-steroid hormone that are involved in the modulation of genomic activity in the osteoblast and in the up-regulation of transcript ion of osteoblast-specific genes such as osteocalcin. The objective of this study was to determine the structural hierarchy of vitamin D3 analogs with regard to their efficacy as molecular transducers of the genomic and nongenomic pathways that are activated upon treatment of osteoblasts with 1,25-(OH)2D3. To test the structural features of the agonist required for initiation of these distinct pathways, a series of ligand analogs and naturally occurring metabolites of 1,25-(OH)2D3 were used that contain A-ring, D-ring, and side-chain modifications. The abilities of these analogs/metabolites to 1) bind to nuclear receptors and 2) stimulate transmembrane calcium influx were measured. Several analogs (25-hydroxy-16-ene-23-yne-D3 and 25-hydroxy-23-yne D3) were found to stimulate Ca2+ channel opening, but bind only poorly to the 1,25-(OH)2D3 nuclear receptor. Conversely, other analogs (1,24-dihydroxy-22-ene-24-cyclopropyl D3 and 1,25-dihydroxy-16-ene-23-yne,26,27 F6-D3) were found to bind very well to the nuclear receptor, but displayed little or no activity in opening Ca2+ channels. Pertussis toxin, which interferes with coupling of certain ligand-gated receptors to ion channels, failed to block the activation of calcium channels by 1,25-(OH)2D3 or active agonist analogs. Our results indicate that there are likely to be distinct nuclear and plasma membrane-associated forms of the 1,25-(OH)2D3 receptor that are involved in genomic and nongenomic activation of osteoblast activity, respectively. The membrane-associated receptors do not appear to be coupled to pertussis toxin-sensitive G-proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Farach-Carson
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Texas Dental Branch, Houston 77030
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