1
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Raab AK, Schmoll M, Simpson ER, Redon M, Fang Y, Guo C, Viotti AL, Arnold CL, L'Huillier A, Mauritsson J. Highly versatile, two-color setup for high-order harmonic generation using spatial light modulators. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:073002. [PMID: 39012177 DOI: 10.1063/5.0212578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
We present a novel, interferometric, two-color, high-order harmonic generation setup based on a turn-key Ytterbium-doped femtosecond laser source and its second harmonic. Each interferometer arm contains a spatial light modulator with individual capabilities to manipulate the spatial beam profiles and to stabilize the relative delay between the fundamental and the second harmonic. In addition, separate control of the relative power and focusing geometries of the two color beams is implemented to conveniently perform automated scans of multiple parameters. A live diagnostics system gives continuous information during ongoing measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-K Raab
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - M Schmoll
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - E R Simpson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - M Redon
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Y Fang
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - C Guo
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - A-L Viotti
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - C L Arnold
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - A L'Huillier
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - J Mauritsson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
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2
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Galán MF, Serrano J, Jarque EC, Borrego-Varillas R, Lucchini M, Reduzzi M, Nisoli M, Brahms C, Travers JC, Hernández-García C, San Roman J. Robust Isolated Attosecond Pulse Generation with Self-Compressed Subcycle Drivers from Hollow Capillary Fibers. ACS PHOTONICS 2024; 11:1673-1683. [PMID: 38645995 PMCID: PMC11027177 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c01897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
High-order harmonic generation (HHG) arising from the nonperturbative interaction of intense light fields with matter constitutes a well-established tabletop source of coherent extreme-ultraviolet and soft X-ray radiation, which is typically emitted as attosecond pulse trains. However, ultrafast applications increasingly demand isolated attosecond pulses (IAPs), which offer great promise for advancing precision control of electron dynamics. Yet, the direct generation of IAPs typically requires the synthesis of near-single-cycle intense driving fields, which is technologically challenging. In this work, we theoretically demonstrate a novel scheme for the straightforward and compact generation of IAPs from multicycle infrared drivers using hollow capillary fibers (HCFs). Starting from a standard, intense multicycle infrared pulse, a light transient is generated by extreme soliton self-compression in a HCF with decreasing pressure and is subsequently used to drive HHG in a gas target. Owing to the subcycle confinement of the HHG process, high-contrast IAPs are continuously emitted almost independently of the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) of the optimally self-compressed drivers. This results in a CEP-robust scheme which is also stable under macroscopic propagation of the high harmonics in a gas target. Our results open the way to a new generation of integrated all-fiber IAP sources, overcoming the efficiency limitations of usual gating techniques for multicycle drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Fernández Galán
- Grupo
de Investigación en Aplicaciones del Láser y Fotónica,
Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
- Unidad
de Excelencia en Luz y Materia Estructuradas (LUMES), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
| | - Javier Serrano
- Grupo
de Investigación en Aplicaciones del Láser y Fotónica,
Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
- Unidad
de Excelencia en Luz y Materia Estructuradas (LUMES), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
| | - Enrique Conejero Jarque
- Grupo
de Investigación en Aplicaciones del Láser y Fotónica,
Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
- Unidad
de Excelencia en Luz y Materia Estructuradas (LUMES), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
| | - Rocío Borrego-Varillas
- Institute
for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Matteo Lucchini
- Institute
for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
- Department
of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Maurizio Reduzzi
- Institute
for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
- Department
of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Mauro Nisoli
- Institute
for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
- Department
of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Christian Brahms
- School
of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt
University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United
Kingdom
| | - John C. Travers
- School
of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt
University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United
Kingdom
| | - Carlos Hernández-García
- Grupo
de Investigación en Aplicaciones del Láser y Fotónica,
Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
- Unidad
de Excelencia en Luz y Materia Estructuradas (LUMES), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
| | - Julio San Roman
- Grupo
de Investigación en Aplicaciones del Láser y Fotónica,
Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
- Unidad
de Excelencia en Luz y Materia Estructuradas (LUMES), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
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3
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Feng L, Liu H. Generation of high-order single harmonics by using chirp waveform control. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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4
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Liu H, Xu C, Liu H, Yuan Q, Jing X, Li Y, Feng L. Optimal improvement of harmonic spectra driven by the fixed intensity chirped combined pulses. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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Pei S, Duan S, Yang N, Zhang W. Ellipticity dependence of the third-order nonlinear optical response of graphene irradiated by two-color lights. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:355004. [PMID: 32348978 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab8e87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically investigate the third-order optical response of graphene irradiated by two-color lights, paying special attention to the quantum interference. Our studies reveal that the interplay between harmonic generation and four-wave mixing leads to unusual nonlinear optical properties with nontrivial ellipticity dependence. It is shown that, unlike the case of monochromatic light with frequencyω0(where the intensity of the third order response (I(3ω0)) decreases monotonically with the ellipticity and becomes zero for circularly polarized light),I(3ω0) may increase monotonically with the ellipticity, or be nearly independent on the ellipticity. In particular, under suitable condition, there exists an optimal nonzero ellipticity for the highestI(3ω0). Moreover, circularly polarized third-order optical response can be generated. We have found effective methods of modulating the nonlinear optical processes, which may have various applications in optical devices based on two dimensional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Pei
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, People's Republic of China
| | - Suqing Duan
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Yang
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, People's Republic of China
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6
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7
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Mofared M, Irani E, Sadighi-Bonabi R. Enhancing high harmonic generation by the global optimization of a two-color chirped laser field. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:9302-9309. [PMID: 30993269 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07619g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced high harmonics are generated by local and global optimization approaches to achieve a supercontinuum spectrum. Based on time-dependent density functional theory calculations, the optimum convolution of a two-color chirped pulse from an N2O molecule implements a significant enhancement of cutoff frequency and high harmonic yield. The optimization is done by controlling the effective chirp parameters and the carrier-envelope phase of the designed laser field. Indeed, all of the effective parameters are adjusted simultaneously for the global optimization; whereas, just two variables are tuned to obtain the desired cutoff frequency based on the local optimization. The results show that the global optimization approach extends the cutoff frequency by 96% compared to the single-color field, which could produce an isolated 25 as output pulse. This method opens up a valuable route by a pulse shaping mechanism for the control of high harmonic generation and ultrafast measurements for reducing the computational time and repeatability of an experiment with high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mofared
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365-9567, Tehran, Iran.
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8
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Burger C, Frisch WF, Kardaś TM, Trubetskov M, Pervak V, Moshammer R, Bergues B, Kling MF, Wnuk P. Compact and flexible harmonic generator and three-color synthesizer for femtosecond coherent control and time-resolved studies. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:31130-31139. [PMID: 29245790 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.031130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Intense, multi-color laser fields permit the control of the ionization of atoms and the steering of electron dynamics. Here, we present the efficient collinear creation of the second and third harmonic of a 790 nm femtosecond laser followed by a versatile field synthesizer for the three color fields' composition. Using the device, we investigate the strong-field ionization of neon by fields composed of the fundamental, and the second or third harmonic. The three-color device offers sufficient flexibility for the coherent control of strong-field processes and for time-resolved pump-probe studies.
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9
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Jin C, Hong KH, Lin CD. Optimal generation of spatially coherent soft X-ray isolated attosecond pulses in a gas-filled waveguide using two-color synthesized laser pulses. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38165. [PMID: 27929036 PMCID: PMC5144061 DOI: 10.1038/srep38165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We numerically demonstrate the generation of intense, low-divergence soft X-ray isolated attosecond pulses in a gas-filled hollow waveguide using synthesized few-cycle two-color laser waveforms. The waveform is a superposition of a fundamental and its second harmonic optimized such that highest harmonic yields are emitted from each atom. We then optimize the gas pressure and the length and radius of the waveguide such that bright coherent high-order harmonics with angular divergence smaller than 1 mrad are generated, for photon energy from the extreme ultraviolet to soft X-rays. By selecting a proper spectral range enhanced isolated attosecond pulses are generated. We study how dynamic phase matching caused by the interplay among waveguide mode, neutral atomic dispersion, and plasma effect is achieved at the optimal macroscopic conditions, by performing time-frequency analysis and by analyzing the evolution of the driving laser's electric field during the propagation. Our results, when combined with the on-going push of high-repetition-rate lasers (sub- to few MHz's) may eventually lead to the generation of high-flux, low-divergence soft X-ray tabletop isolated attosecond pulses for applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Jin
- Department of Applied Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, P. R. China
| | - Kyung-Han Hong
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C. D. Lin
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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10
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Jin C, Hong KH, Lin CD. Optimal generation of high harmonics in the water-window region by synthesizing 800-nm and mid-infrared laser pulses. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:3754-3757. [PMID: 26274652 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.003754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We propose a method to optimally synthesize a strong 800-nm Ti:sapphire laser pulse and a relatively weak mid-infrared laser pulse to enhance harmonic yields in the water-window region. The required wavelength of the mid-infrared laser is varied from about 2.0 to 3.2 μm. The optimized waveforms generate comparable harmonic yields as the waveforms proposed in [Sci. Rep.4, 7067 (2014)], but with much weaker intensity for the mid-infrared laser. This method provides an alternative scheme based on the available laser technology to help realize tabletop light source in the water-window region by high-order harmonic generation.
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11
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Jin C, Stein GJ, Hong KH, Lin CD. Generation of Bright, Spatially Coherent Soft X-Ray High Harmonics in a Hollow Waveguide Using Two-Color Synthesized Laser Pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:043901. [PMID: 26252685 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.043901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the efficient generation of low-divergence high-order harmonics driven by waveform-optimized laser pulses in a gas-filled hollow waveguide. The drive waveform is obtained by synthesizing two-color laser pulses, optimized such that highest harmonic yields are emitted from each atom. Optimization of the gas pressure and waveguide configuration has enabled us to produce bright and spatially coherent harmonics extending from the extreme ultraviolet to soft x rays. Our study on the interplay among waveguide mode, atomic dispersion, and plasma effect uncovers how dynamic phase matching is accomplished and how an optimized waveform is maintained when optimal waveguide parameters (radius and length) and gas pressure are identified. Our analysis should help laboratory development in the generation of high-flux bright coherent soft x rays as tabletop light sources for applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Jin
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Gregory J Stein
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Kyung-Han Hong
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C D Lin
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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12
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Wei P, Yuan X, Liu C, Zeng Z, Zheng Y, Jiang J, Ge X, Li R. Enhanced high-order harmonic generation from spatially prepared filamentation in argon. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:17229-17236. [PMID: 26191732 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.017229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate enhanced high-order harmonic generation (HHG) from spatially prepared filamentation in Argon. Upon shifting the focus position of an elliptically polarized laser pulse over the filament induced by a linearly polarized laser pulse, an obvious enhancement of harmonic yield by nearly one order of magnitude is observed. The result could be interpreted in terms of the double contributions from both the excited states of target atom and the phase-matching effect of harmonic beam. In contrast to the enhancement phenomena, an obvious suppression of harmonic yield is also presented, which could be attributed to both the ground-state depletion and the plasma effect.
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13
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Kida Y, Imasaka T. Generation of intense subcycle optical pulses in a gas. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:12373-12381. [PMID: 25969322 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.012373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The generation of intense subcycle laser pulses during the propagation of two-color femtosecond pulses in a gas medium is investigated theoretically and experimentally. Four-wave mixing induced by the laser pulses in a gas medium generates multi-octave laser radiation from the ultraviolet to the infrared, which forms stable subcycle laser pulses after a certain propagation distance in a gas medium with group-velocity dispersion. The intense subcycle laser pulses would allow the coherent control of the waveforms of soft-x-rays generated via high-harmonic generation.
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14
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Jin C, Wang G, Le AT, Lin CD. Route to optimal generation of soft X-ray high harmonics with synthesized two-color laser pulses. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7067. [PMID: 25400015 PMCID: PMC4233338 DOI: 10.1038/srep07067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
High harmonics extending to X-rays have been generated from gases by intense lasers. To establish these coherent broadband radiations as an all-purpose tabletop light source for general applications in science and technology, new methods are needed to overcome the present low conversion efficiencies. Here we show that the conversion efficiency may be drastically increased with an optimized two-color pulse. By employing an optimally synthesized 2-µm mid-infrared laser and a small amount of its third harmonic, we show that harmonic yields from sub- to few-keV energy can be increased typically by ten-fold over the optimized single-color one. By combining with favorable phase-matching and together with the emerging high-repetition MHz mid-infrared lasers, we anticipate efficiency of harmonic yields can be increased by four to five orders in the near future, thus paving the way for employing high harmonics as useful broadband tabletop light sources from the extreme ultraviolet to the X-rays, as well as providing new tools for interrogating ultrafast dynamics of matter at attosecond timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Jin
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Guoli Wang
- 1] J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA [2] College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Anh-Thu Le
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - C D Lin
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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15
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Jin C, Wang G, Wei H, Le AT, Lin CD. Waveforms for optimal sub-keV high-order harmonics with synthesized two- or three-colour laser fields. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4003. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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