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Li F, Dalichaouch TN, Pierce JR, Xu X, Tsung FS, Lu W, Joshi C, Mori WB. Ultrabright Electron Bunch Injection in a Plasma Wakefield Driven by a Superluminal Flying Focus Electron Beam. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:174803. [PMID: 35570446 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.174803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new method for self-injection of high-quality electron bunches in the plasma wakefield structure in the blowout regime utilizing a "flying focus" produced by a drive beam with an energy chirp. In a flying focus the speed of the density centroid of the drive bunch can be superluminal or subluminal by utilizing the chromatic dependence of the focusing optics. We first derive the focal velocity and the characteristic length of the focal spot in terms of the focal length and an energy chirp. We then demonstrate using multidimensional particle-in-cell simulations that a wake driven by a superluminally propagating flying focus of an electron beam can generate GeV-level electron bunches with ultralow normalized slice emittance (∼30 nm rad), high current (∼17 kA), low slice energy spread (∼0.1%), and therefore high normalized brightness (>10^{19} A/m^{2}/rad^{2}) in a plasma of density ∼10^{19} cm^{-3}. The injection process is highly controllable and tunable by changing the focal velocity and shaping the drive beam current. Near-term experiments at FACET II where the capabilities to generate tens of kA, <10 fs drivers are planned, could potentially produce beams with brightness near 10^{20} A/m^{2}/rad^{2}.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - T N Dalichaouch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - J R Pierce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - X Xu
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - F S Tsung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - W Lu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - C Joshi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - W B Mori
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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2
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Kim J, Wang T, Khudik V, Shvets G. Subfemtosecond Wakefield Injector and Accelerator Based on an Undulating Plasma Bubble Controlled by a Laser Phase. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:164801. [PMID: 34723604 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.164801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that a long-propagating plasma bubble executing undulatory motion can be produced in the wake of two copropagating laser pulses: a near-single-cycle injector and a multicycle driver. When the undulation amplitude exceeds the analytically derived threshold, highly localized injections of plasma electrons into the bubble are followed by their long-distance acceleration. While the locations of the injection regions are controlled by the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) of the injector pulse, the monoenergetic spectrum of the accelerated subfemtosecond high-charge electron bunches is shown to be nearly CEP independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Kim
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
| | - Tianhong Wang
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
| | - Vladimir Khudik
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
- Department of Physics and Institute for Fusion Studies, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Gennady Shvets
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
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3
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Svendsen K, Guénot D, Svensson JB, Petersson K, Persson A, Lundh O. A focused very high energy electron beam for fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5844. [PMID: 33712653 PMCID: PMC7971008 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85451-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An electron beam of very high energy (50-250 MeV) can potentially produce a more favourable radiotherapy dose distribution compared to a state-of-the-art photon based radiotherapy technique. To produce an electron beam of sufficiently high energy to allow for a long penetration depth (several cm), very large accelerating structures are needed when using conventional radio-frequency technology, which may not be possible due to economical or spatial constraints. In this paper, we show transport and focusing of laser wakefield accelerated electron beams with a maximum energy of 160 MeV using electromagnetic quadrupole magnets in a point-to-point imaging configuration, yielding a spatial uncertainty of less than 0.1 mm, a total charge variation below [Formula: see text] and a focal spot of [Formula: see text]. The electron beam was focused to control the depth dose distribution and to improve the dose conformality inside a phantom of cast acrylic slabs and radiochromic film. The phantom was irradiated from 36 different angles to obtain a dose distribution mimicking a stereotactic radiotherapy treatment, with a peak fractional dose of 2.72 Gy and a total maximum dose of 65 Gy. This was achieved with realistic constraints, including 23 cm of propagation through air before any dose deposition in the phantom.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Guénot
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonas Björklund Svensson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100, Lund, Sweden
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, NotkestraSSe 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristoffer Petersson
- Department of Oncology, The Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Radiation Physics, Department of Haematology, Oncology and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Persson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Olle Lundh
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100, Lund, Sweden
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4
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Barzegar S, Niknam AR. Laser pulse-electron beam synergy effect on electron self-injection and higher energy gain in laser wakefield accelerators. Sci Rep 2021; 11:37. [PMID: 33420118 PMCID: PMC7794524 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79556-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A new scheme for injection and acceleration of electrons in wakefield accelerators is suggested based on the co-action of a laser pulse and an electron beam. This synergy leads to stronger wakefield generation and higher energy gain in the bubble regime. The strong deformation of the whole bubble leads to electron self-injection at lower laser powers and lower plasma densities. To predict the practical ranges of electron beam and laser pulse parameters an interpretive model is proposed. The effects of altering the initial electron beam position on self-trapping of plasma electrons are studied. It is observed that an ultra-short (25 fs), high charge (340 pC), 1 GeV electron bunch is produced by injection of a 280 pC electron beam in the decelerating phase of the 75 TW laser driven wakefield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Barzegar
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, 1983969411, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Niknam
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, 1983969411, Tehran, Iran.
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5
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Ma Y, Seipt D, Hussein AE, Hakimi S, Beier NF, Hansen SB, Hinojosa J, Maksimchuk A, Nees J, Krushelnick K, Thomas AGR, Dollar F. Polarization-Dependent Self-Injection by Above Threshold Ionization Heating in a Laser Wakefield Accelerator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:114801. [PMID: 32242688 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.114801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on the experimental observation of a decreased self-injection threshold by using laser pulses with circular polarization in laser wakefield acceleration experiments in a nonpreformed plasma, compared to the usually employed linear polarization. A significantly higher electron beam charge was also observed for circular polarization compared to linear polarization over a wide range of parameters. Theoretical analysis and quasi-3D particle-in-cell simulations reveal that the self-injection and hence the laser wakefield acceleration is polarization dependent and indicate a different injection mechanism for circularly polarized laser pulses, originating from larger momentum gain by electrons during above threshold ionization. This enables electrons to meet the trapping condition more easily, and the resulting higher plasma temperature was confirmed via spectroscopy of the XUV plasma emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ma
- Gérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - D Seipt
- Gérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - A E Hussein
- Gérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - S Hakimi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - N F Beier
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - S B Hansen
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - J Hinojosa
- Gérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - A Maksimchuk
- Gérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - J Nees
- Gérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - K Krushelnick
- Gérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - A G R Thomas
- Gérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - F Dollar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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6
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Cho MH, Pathak VB, Kim HT, Nam CH. Controlled electron injection facilitated by nanoparticles for laser wakefield acceleration. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16924. [PMID: 30446700 PMCID: PMC6240057 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34998-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a novel injection scheme for laser-driven wakefield acceleration in which controllable localized electron injection is obtained by inserting nanoparticles into a plasma medium. The nanoparticles provide a very confined electric field that triggers localized electron injection where nonlinear plasma waves are excited but not sufficient for background electrons self-injection. We present a theoretical model to describe the conditions and properties of the electron injection in the presence of nanoparticles. Multi-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations demonstrate that the total charge of the injected electron beam can be controlled by the position, number, size, and density of the nanoparticles. The PIC simulation also indicates that a 5-GeV electron beam with an energy spread below 1% can be obtained with a 0.5-PW laser pulse by using the nanoparticle-assisted laser wakefield acceleration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Hoon Cho
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Vishwa Bandhu Pathak
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Hyung Taek Kim
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Korea. .,Advanced Photonics Research Institute (APRI), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea.
| | - Chang Hee Nam
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Korea. .,Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea.
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7
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Deng ZG, Zhang ZM, Zhang B, He SK, Teng J, Hong W, Dong KG, Wu YC, Zhu B, Gu YQ. Large-charge quasimonoenergetic electron beams produced by off-axis colliding laser pulses in underdense plasma. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:023206. [PMID: 28297850 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.023206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Electrons can be efficiently injected into a plasma wave by colliding two counterpropagating laser pulses in a laser wakefield acceleration. However, the generation of a high-quality electron beam with a large charge is difficult in the traditional on-axis colliding scheme due to the growth of the electron beam duration coming from the increase of the beam charge. To solve this problem, we propose an off-axis colliding scheme, in which the collision point is away from the axis of the driver pulse. We show that the electrons injected from the off-axis region are highly concentered on the tail of the bubble even for a large trapped charge, thus feeling almost the same accelerating field. As a result, quasimonoenergetic electron beams with a large charge can be produced. The validity of this scheme is confirmed by both the particle-in-cell simulations and the Hamiltonian model. Furthermore, it is shown that a Laguerre-Gauss (LG) laser can be adopted as the injection pulse to realize the off-axis colliding injection in three dimensions symmetrically, which may be useful in simplifying the technical layout of the real experiment setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z G Deng
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, P.O. Box 919-986, Mianyang 621900, People's Republic of China
| | - Z M Zhang
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, P.O. Box 919-986, Mianyang 621900, People's Republic of China
| | - B Zhang
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, P.O. Box 919-986, Mianyang 621900, People's Republic of China
| | - S K He
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, P.O. Box 919-986, Mianyang 621900, People's Republic of China
| | - J Teng
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, P.O. Box 919-986, Mianyang 621900, People's Republic of China
| | - W Hong
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, P.O. Box 919-986, Mianyang 621900, People's Republic of China
| | - K G Dong
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, P.O. Box 919-986, Mianyang 621900, People's Republic of China
| | - Y C Wu
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, P.O. Box 919-986, Mianyang 621900, People's Republic of China.,IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - B Zhu
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, P.O. Box 919-986, Mianyang 621900, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Q Gu
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, P.O. Box 919-986, Mianyang 621900, People's Republic of China.,IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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8
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A compact tunable polarized X-ray source based on laser-plasma helical undulators. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29101. [PMID: 27377126 PMCID: PMC4932604 DOI: 10.1038/srep29101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser wakefield accelerators have great potential as the basis for next generation compact radiation sources because of their extremely high accelerating gradients. However, X-ray radiation from such devices still lacks tunability, especially of the intensity and polarization distributions. Here we propose a tunable polarized radiation source based on a helical plasma undulator in a plasma channel guided wakefield accelerator. When a laser pulse is initially incident with a skew angle relative to the channel axis, the laser and accelerated electrons experience collective spiral motions, which leads to elliptically polarized synchrotron-like radiation with flexible tunability on radiation intensity, spectra and polarization. We demonstrate that a radiation source with millimeter size and peak brilliance of 2 × 10(19) photons/s/mm(2)/mrad(2)/0.1% bandwidth can be made with moderate laser and electron beam parameters. This brilliance is comparable with third generation synchrotron radiation facilities running at similar photon energies, suggesting that laser plasma based radiation sources are promising for advanced applications.
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9
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Sävert A, Mangles SPD, Schnell M, Siminos E, Cole JM, Leier M, Reuter M, Schwab MB, Möller M, Poder K, Jäckel O, Paulus GG, Spielmann C, Skupin S, Najmudin Z, Kaluza MC. Direct Observation of the Injection Dynamics of a Laser Wakefield Accelerator Using Few-Femtosecond Shadowgraphy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:055002. [PMID: 26274425 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.055002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present few-femtosecond shadowgraphic snapshots taken during the nonlinear evolution of the plasma wave in a laser wakefield accelerator with transverse synchronized few-cycle probe pulses. These snapshots can be directly associated with the electron density distribution within the plasma wave and give quantitative information about its size and shape. Our results show that self-injection of electrons into the first plasma-wave period is induced by a lengthening of the first plasma period. Three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations support our observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sävert
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Abbe-Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - S P D Mangles
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - M Schnell
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Abbe-Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - E Siminos
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - J M Cole
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - M Leier
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Abbe-Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - M Reuter
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Abbe-Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - M B Schwab
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Abbe-Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - M Möller
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Abbe-Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - K Poder
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - O Jäckel
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - G G Paulus
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Abbe-Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - C Spielmann
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Abbe-Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - S Skupin
- Univ. Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intense et Applications, UMR 5107, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Z Najmudin
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - M C Kaluza
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Abbe-Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, 07743 Jena, Germany
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10
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Zhang X, Khudik VN, Shvets G. Synergistic laser-wakefield and direct-laser acceleration in the plasma-bubble regime. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:184801. [PMID: 26001005 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.184801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The concept of a hybrid laser plasma accelerator is proposed. Relativistic electrons undergoing resonant betatron oscillations inside the plasma bubble created by a laser pulse are accelerated by gaining energy directly from the laser pulse and from its plasma wake. The resulting phase space of self-injected plasma electrons is split into two, containing a subpopulation that experiences wakefield acceleration beyond the standard dephasing limit because of the multidimensional nature of its motion that reduces the phase slippage between the electrons and the wake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Department of Physics and Institute for Fusion Studies, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Vladimir N Khudik
- Department of Physics and Institute for Fusion Studies, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Gennady Shvets
- Department of Physics and Institute for Fusion Studies, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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