1
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Xu X, Zhu H, Chen S, Li F, Zhang X. Nonlinear dynamics of cavity optomechanical-thermal systems. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:7611-7621. [PMID: 38439438 DOI: 10.1364/oe.515095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Cavity optomechanics is concerned with the interaction between optical cavities and mechanical resonators. Here, we present systematic research on the dynamic behaviors of cavity optomechanical systems incorporating the influence of thermal nonlinearity. A dimensionless theoretical model was established to describe the system and numerical simulations were performed to study the dynamic behaviors. We theoretically identify the staircase effect, which can abruptly alter the system parameters when adiabatically sweeping the pump laser frequency across the optical cavity resonance and driving the mechanical resonator into oscillation. Moreover, we found bistability effects in several detuning intervals when sweeping the laser forward and backward. Both effects are analyzed theoretically and the roots lie in the thermal instability between averaged cavity energy and laser detuning. Our study shows the dynamic behaviors in an optomechanical-thermal system and provides guidance in leveraging the systems for applications in optical frequency comb, phonon laser, etc.
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2
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Brzobohatý O, Duchaň M, Jákl P, Ježek J, Šiler M, Zemánek P, Simpson SH. Synchronization of spin-driven limit cycle oscillators optically levitated in vacuum. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5441. [PMID: 37673926 PMCID: PMC10482900 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41129-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We explore, experimentally and theoretically, the emergence of coherent coupled oscillations and synchronization between a pair of non-Hermitian, stochastic, opto-mechanical oscillators, levitated in vacuum. Each oscillator consists of a polystyrene microsphere trapped in a circularly polarized, counter-propagating Gaussian laser beam. Non-conservative, azimuthal forces, deriving from inhomogeneous optical spin, push the micro-particles out of thermodynamic equilibrium. For modest optical powers each particle shows a tendency towards orbital circulation. Initially, their stochastic motion is weakly correlated. As the power is increased, the tendency towards orbital circulation strengthens and the motion of the particles becomes highly correlated. Eventually, centripetal forces overcome optical gradient forces and the oscillators undergo a collective Hopf bifurcation. For laser powers exceeding this threshold, a pair of limit cycles appear, which synchronize due to weak optical and hydrodynamic interactions. In principle, arrays of such Non-Hermitian elements can be arranged, paving the way for opto-mechanical topological materials or, possibly, classical time crystals. In addition, the preparation of synchronized states in levitated optomechanics could lead to new and robust sensors or alternative routes to the entanglement of macroscopic objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oto Brzobohatý
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Scientific Instruments, Královopolská 147, 612 64, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Duchaň
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Scientific Instruments, Královopolská 147, 612 64, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Jákl
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Scientific Instruments, Královopolská 147, 612 64, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Ježek
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Scientific Instruments, Královopolská 147, 612 64, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Šiler
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Scientific Instruments, Královopolská 147, 612 64, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Zemánek
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Scientific Instruments, Královopolská 147, 612 64, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stephen H Simpson
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Scientific Instruments, Královopolská 147, 612 64, Brno, Czech Republic.
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3
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Pelka K, Madiot G, Braive R, Xuereb A. Floquet Control of Optomechanical Bistability in Multimode Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:123603. [PMID: 36179176 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.123603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cavity optomechanical systems make possible the fine manipulation of mechanical degrees of freedom with light, adding functionality and having broad appeal in photonic technologies. We show that distinct mechanical modes can be exploited with a temporally modulated Floquet drive to steer between distinct steady states induced by changes of cavity radiation pressure. We investigate the additional influence of the thermo-optic nonlinearity on these dynamics and find that it can suppress or amplify the control mechanism in contrast to its often performance-limiting character. Our results provide new techniques for the characterization of thermal properties of optomechanical systems and their control, sensing and computational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Pelka
- Department of Physics, University of Malta, Msida MSD 2080, Malta
| | - Guilhem Madiot
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Rémy Braive
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91120 Palaiseau, France
- Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, F-75231 Paris, France
| | - André Xuereb
- Department of Physics, University of Malta, Msida MSD 2080, Malta
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4
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Li J, Zhou ZH, Wan S, Zhang YL, Shen Z, Li M, Zou CL, Guo GC, Dong CH. All-Optical Synchronization of Remote Optomechanical Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:063605. [PMID: 36018662 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.063605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Synchronization and frequency locking between remote mechanical oscillators are of scientific and technological importance. The key challenges are to align the oscillation frequencies and realize strong nonlinear interaction of both oscillators to a common carrier capable of long-distance transmission. Here, we experimentally realize the all-optical synchronization between two different optomechanical systems, a microsphere and a microdisk. The mechanical oscillation of the microsphere induced by the radiation pressure is loaded onto the pump laser via the optomechanical interaction, which is directly transmitted through a 5-km-long single-mode fiber to excite the mechanical oscillation of the microdisk. By finely tuning both the optical and mechanical frequencies of the two microresonators, the oscillation of the microdisk is injection locked to the microsphere, resulting in a synchronized phase relation of the two systems. Our results push a step forward the long-distance synchronization network using optomechanical microresonators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China and CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Hao Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China and CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China and CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Lei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China and CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China and CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China and CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Ling Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China and CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Can Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China and CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Hua Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China and CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
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5
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Ren H, Shah T, Pfeifer H, Brendel C, Peano V, Marquardt F, Painter O. Topological phonon transport in an optomechanical system. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3476. [PMID: 35715403 PMCID: PMC9205990 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30941-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Light is a powerful tool for controlling mechanical motion, as shown by numerous applications in the field of cavity optomechanics. Recently, small scale optomechanical circuits, connecting a few optical and mechanical modes, have been demonstrated in an ongoing push towards multi-mode on-chip optomechanical systems. An ambitious goal driving this trend is to produce topologically protected phonon transport. Once realized, this will unlock the full toolbox of optomechanics for investigations of topological phononics. Here, we report the realization of topological phonon transport in an optomechanical device. Our experiment is based on an innovative multiscale optomechanical crystal design and allows for site-resolved measurements in an array of more than 800 cavities. The sensitivity inherent in our optomechanical read-out allowed us to detect thermal fluctuations traveling along topological edge channels. This represents a major step forward in an ongoing effort to downscale mechanical topological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengjiang Ren
- Thomas J. Watson, Sr., Laboratory of Applied Physics and Kavli Nanoscience Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138632, Singapore
- Anyon Computing Inc, Dover, DE, 19901, USA
| | - Tirth Shah
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstr. 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hannes Pfeifer
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstr. 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstr. 8, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Brendel
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstr. 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vittorio Peano
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstr. 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Marquardt
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstr. 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oskar Painter
- Thomas J. Watson, Sr., Laboratory of Applied Physics and Kavli Nanoscience Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.
- AWS Center for Quantum Computing, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.
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6
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Doster J, Shah T, Fösel T, Paulitschke P, Marquardt F, Weig EM. Observing polarization patterns in the collective motion of nanomechanical arrays. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2478. [PMID: 35513373 PMCID: PMC9072344 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30024-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, nanomechanics has evolved into a mature field, and it has now reached a stage which enables the fabrication and study of ever more elaborate devices. This has led to the emergence of arrays of coupled nanomechanical resonators as a promising field of research serving as model systems to study collective dynamical phenomena such as synchronization or topological transport. From a general point of view, the arrays investigated so far can be effectively treated as scalar fields on a lattice. Moving to a scenario where the vector character of the fields becomes important would unlock a whole host of conceptually interesting additional phenomena, including the physics of polarization patterns in wave fields and their associated topology. Here we introduce a new platform, a two-dimensional array of coupled nanomechanical pillar resonators, whose orthogonal vibration directions encode a mechanical polarization degree of freedom. We demonstrate direct optical imaging of the collective dynamics, enabling us to analyze the emerging polarization patterns, follow their evolution with drive frequency, and identify topological polarization singularities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Doster
- University of Konstanz, Department of Physics, Universitätsstr. 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Tirth Shah
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstr. 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Physics, Staudtstr. 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Fösel
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstr. 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Physics, Staudtstr. 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Paulitschke
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Department of Physics, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Florian Marquardt
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstr. 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Physics, Staudtstr. 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eva M Weig
- University of Konstanz, Department of Physics, Universitätsstr. 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.
- Technical University of Munich, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hans-Piloty-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstr. 4, 80799, München, Germany.
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7
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Two-Membrane Cavity Optomechanics: Linear and Non-Linear Dynamics. PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9020099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we review the linear and non-linear dynamics of an optomechanical system made of a two-membrane etalon in a high-finesse Fabry–Pérot cavity. This two-membrane setup has the capacity to modify on demand the single-photon optomechanical coupling, and in the linearized interaction regime to cool simultaneously two mechanical oscillators. It is a promising platform for realizing cavity optomechanics with multiple resonators. In the non-linear regime, an analytical approach based on slowly varying amplitude equations allows us to derive a consistent and full characterization of the non-linear displacement detection, enabling a truthful detection of membrane displacements much above the usual linear sensing limited by the cavity linewidth. Such a high quality system also shows a pre-synchronization regime.
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8
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Zhang DW, Bin SW, You C, Hu CS. Enhancing the nonlinearity of optomechanical system via multiple mechanical modes. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:1314-1326. [PMID: 35209294 DOI: 10.1364/oe.446428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically investigate the nonlinear dynamics of an optomechanical system, where the system consists of N identical mechanical oscillators individually coupled to a common cavity field. We find that the optomechanical nonlinearity can be enhanced N times through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation in such a system. This leads to the power thresholds to observe the nonlinear behaviors (bistable, period-doubling, and chaotic dynamics) being reduced to 1/N. In addition, we find that changing the sign (positive or negative) of the coupling strength partly does not affect the threshold of driving power for generating corresponding nonlinear phenomena. Our work may provide a way to engineer optomechanical devices with a lower threshold, which has potential applications in implementing secret information processing and optical sensing.
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9
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Optomechanical synchronization across multi-octave frequency spans. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5625. [PMID: 34561457 PMCID: PMC8463541 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25884-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental exploration of synchronization in scalable oscillator microsystems has unfolded a deeper understanding of networks, collective phenomena, and signal processing. Cavity optomechanical devices have played an important role in this scenario, with the perspective of bridging optical and radio frequencies through nonlinear classical and quantum synchronization concepts. In its simplest form, synchronization occurs when an oscillator is entrained by a signal with frequency nearby the oscillator’s tone, and becomes increasingly challenging as their frequency detuning increases. Here, we experimentally demonstrate entrainment of a silicon-nitride optomechanical oscillator driven up to the fourth harmonic of its 32 MHz fundamental frequency. Exploring this effect, we also experimentally demonstrate a purely optomechanical RF frequency divider, where we performed frequency division up to a 4:1 ratio, i.e., from 128 MHz to 32 MHz. Further developments could harness these effects towards frequency synthesizers, phase-sensitive amplification and nonlinear sensing. Higher order synchronization in optomechanical devices is relatively unexplored. Here the authors use nonlinear parametric effects to entrain an optomechanical oscillator with a drive signal several octaves away from the oscillation frequency, and demonstrate RF frequency division.
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10
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Mercadé L, Pelka K, Burgwal R, Xuereb A, Martínez A, Verhagen E. Floquet Phonon Lasing in Multimode Optomechanical Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:073601. [PMID: 34459652 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.073601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dynamical radiation pressure effects in cavity optomechanical systems give rise to self-sustained oscillations or 'phonon lasing' behavior, producing stable oscillators up to GHz frequencies in nanoscale devices. Like in photonic lasers, phonon lasing normally occurs in a single mechanical mode. We show here that mode-locked, multimode phonon lasing can be established in a multimode optomechanical system through Floquet dynamics induced by a temporally modulated laser drive. We demonstrate this concept in a suitably engineered silicon photonic nanocavity coupled to multiple GHz-frequency mechanical modes. We find that the long-term frequency stability is significantly improved in the multimode lasing state as a result of the mode locking. These results provide a path toward highly stable ultracompact oscillators, pulsed phonon lasing, coherent waveform synthesis, and emergent many-mode phenomena in oscillator arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mercadé
- Nanophotonics Technology Center, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Karl Pelka
- Department of Physics, University of Malta, Msida MSD 2080, Malta
| | - Roel Burgwal
- Department of Applied Physics and Institute of Photonic Integration, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - André Xuereb
- Department of Physics, University of Malta, Msida MSD 2080, Malta
| | - Alejandro Martínez
- Nanophotonics Technology Center, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ewold Verhagen
- Department of Applied Physics and Institute of Photonic Integration, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
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11
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Huang Y, Flores JGF, Li Y, Wang W, Wang D, Goldberg N, Zheng J, Yu M, Lu M, Kutzer M, Rogers D, Kwong DL, Churchill L, Wong CW. A Chip-Scale Oscillation-Mode Optomechanical Inertial Sensor Near the Thermodynamical Limits. LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS 2020; 14:1800329. [PMID: 34712367 PMCID: PMC8549854 DOI: 10.1002/lpor.201800329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Modern navigation systems integrate the global positioning system (GPS) with an inertial navigation system (INS), which complement each other for correct attitude and velocity determination. The core of the INS integrates accelerometers and gyroscopes used to measure forces and angular rate in the vehicular inertial reference frame. With the help of gyroscopes and by integrating the acceleration to compute velocity and distance, precision and compact accelerometers with sufficient accuracy can provide small-error location determination. Solid-state implementations, through coherent readout, can provide a platform for high performance acceleration detection. In contrast to prior accelerometers using piezoelectric or capacitive readout techniques, optical readout provides narrow-linewidth high-sensitivity laser detection along with low-noise resonant optomechanical transduction near the thermodynamical limits. Here an optomechanical inertial sensor with an 8.2 μg Hz-1/2 velocity random walk (VRW) at an acquisition rate of 100 Hz and 50.9 μg bias instability is demonstrated, suitable for applications, such as, inertial navigation, inclination sensing, platform stabilization, and/or wearable device motion detection. Driven into optomechanical sustained-oscillation, the slot photonic crystal cavity provides radio-frequency readout of the optically-driven transduction with an enhanced 625 μg Hz-1 sensitivity. Measuring the optomechanically-stiffened oscillation shift, instead of the optical transmission shift, provides a 220× VRW enhancement over pre-oscillation mode detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Huang
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 611731, China; Fang Lu Mesoscopic Optics and Quantum Electronics Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Optical Nanostructures Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jaime Gonzalo Flor Flores
- Fang Lu Mesoscopic Optics and Quantum Electronics Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Optical Nanostructures Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Wenting Wang
- Fang Lu Mesoscopic Optics and Quantum Electronics Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Di Wang
- Optical Nanostructures Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Noam Goldberg
- Optical Nanostructures Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jiangjun Zheng
- Optical Nanostructures Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Mingbin Yu
- Institute of Microelectronics, ASTAR, Singapore 117865
| | - Ming Lu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Michael Kutzer
- Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
| | - Daniel Rogers
- Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
| | - Dim-Lee Kwong
- Institute of Microelectronics, ASTAR, Singapore 117865
| | - Layne Churchill
- Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
| | - Chee Wei Wong
- Fang Lu Mesoscopic Optics and Quantum Electronics Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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12
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Denis Z, Biella A, Favero I, Ciuti C. Permanent Directional Heat Currents in Lattices of Optomechanical Resonators. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:083601. [PMID: 32167363 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.083601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We study the phonon dynamics in lattices of optomechanical resonators where the mutually coupled photonic modes are coherently driven and the mechanical resonators are uncoupled and connected to independent thermal baths. We present a general procedure to obtain the effective Lindblad dynamics of the phononic modes for an arbitrary lattice geometry, where the light modes play the role of an effective reservoir that mediates the phonon nonequilibrium dynamics. We show how to stabilize stationary states exhibiting directional heat currents over arbitrary distance, despite the absence of thermal gradient and of direct coupling between the mechanical resonators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakari Denis
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Alberto Biella
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Ivan Favero
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Cristiano Ciuti
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
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13
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Sheng J, Wei X, Yang C, Wu H. Self-Organized Synchronization of Phonon Lasers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:053604. [PMID: 32083916 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.053604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Self-organized synchronization is a ubiquitous collective phenomenon, in which each unit adjusts their rhythms to achieve synchrony through mutual interactions. The optomechanical systems, due to their inherently engineerable nonlinearities, provide an ideal platform to study self-organized synchronization. Here, we demonstrate the self-organized synchronization of phonon lasers in a two-membrane-in-the-middle optomechanical system. The probe of each individual membrane enables us to monitor the real-time transient dynamics of synchronization, which reveals that the system enters into the synchronization regime via a torus birth bifurcation line. The phase-locking phenomenon and the transition between in-phase and antiphase regimes are directly observed. Moreover, such a system greatly facilitates the controllable synchronous states, and consequently a phononic memory is realized by tuning the system parameters. This result is an important step towards the future studies of many-body collective behaviors in multiresonator optomechanics with long distances, and might find potential applications in quantum information processing and complex networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiteng Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xinrui Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Haibin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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14
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Doster J, Hoenl S, Lorenz H, Paulitschke P, Weig EM. Collective dynamics of strain-coupled nanomechanical pillar resonators. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5246. [PMID: 31748570 PMCID: PMC6868224 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13309-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Semiconductur nano- and micropillars represent a promising platform for hybrid nanodevices. Their ability to couple to a broad variety of nanomechanical, acoustic, charge, spin, excitonic, polaritonic, or electromagnetic excitations is utilized in fields as diverse as force sensing or optoelectronics. In order to fully exploit the potential of these versatile systems e.g. for metamaterials, synchronization or topologically protected devices an intrinsic coupling mechanism between individual pillars needs to be established. This can be accomplished by taking advantage of the strain field induced by the flexural modes of the pillars. Here, we demonstrate strain-induced, strong coupling between two adjacent nanomechanical pillar resonators. Both mode hybridization and the formation of an avoided level crossing in the response of the nanopillar pair are experimentally observed. The described coupling mechanism is readily scalable, enabling hybrid nanomechanical resonator networks for the investigation of a broad range of collective dynamical phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Doster
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - S Hoenl
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.,IBM Research - Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, CH-8803, Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - H Lorenz
- Fakultät für Physik and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539, München, Germany
| | - P Paulitschke
- Fakultät für Physik and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539, München, Germany
| | - E M Weig
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.
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15
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Yang N, Miranowicz A, Liu YC, Xia K, Nori F. Chaotic synchronization of two optical cavity modes in optomechanical systems. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15874. [PMID: 31676811 PMCID: PMC6825218 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51559-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The synchronization of the motion of microresonators has attracted considerable attention. In previous studies, the microresonators for synchronization were studied mostly in the linear regime. While the important problem of synchronizing nonlinear microresonators was rarely explored. Here we present theoretical methods to synchronize the motions of chaotic optical cavity modes in an optomechanical system, where one of the optical modes is strongly driven into chaotic motion and transfers chaos to other weakly driven optical modes via a common mechanical resonator. This mechanical mode works as a common force acting on each optical mode, which, thus, enables the synchronization of states. We find that complete synchronization can be achieved in two identical chaotic cavity modes. For two arbitrary nonidentical chaotic cavity modes, phase synchronization can also be achieved in the strong-coupling small-detuning regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China. .,Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Adam Miranowicz
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, 61-614, Poland
| | - Yong-Chun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Keyu Xia
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China. .,Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Franco Nori
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Physics Department, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-1040, USA
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16
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Dipole states and coherent interaction in surface-acoustic-wave coupled phononic resonators. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4583. [PMID: 31594937 PMCID: PMC6783409 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12492-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Manipulation of mechanical motion at the micro-scale has been attracting continuous attention, leading to the successful implementation of various strategies with potential impact on classical and quantum information processing. We propose an approach based on the interplay between a pair of localised mechanical resonators and travelling surface acoustic waves (SAW). We demonstrate the existence of a two-sided interaction, allowing the use of SAW to trigger and control the resonator oscillation, and to manipulate the elastic energy distribution on the substrate through resonator coupling. Observation of the vectorial structure of the resonator motion reveals the existence of two coupling regimes, a dipole-dipole-like interaction at small separation distance versus a surface-mediated mechanical coupling at larger separation. These results illustrate the potential of this platform for coherent control of mechanical vibration at a resonator level, and reciprocally for manipulating SAW propagation using sub-wavelength elements.
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17
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Colombano MF, Arregui G, Capuj NE, Pitanti A, Maire J, Griol A, Garrido B, Martinez A, Sotomayor-Torres CM, Navarro-Urrios D. Synchronization of Optomechanical Nanobeams by Mechanical Interaction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:017402. [PMID: 31386408 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.017402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The synchronization of coupled oscillators is a phenomenon found throughout nature. Mechanical oscillators are paradigmatic examples, but synchronizing their nanoscaled versions is challenging. We report synchronization of the mechanical dynamics of a pair of optomechanical crystal cavities that, in contrast to previous works performed in similar objects, are intercoupled with a mechanical link and support independent optical modes. In this regime they oscillate in antiphase, which is in agreement with the predictions of our numerical model that considers reactive coupling. We also show how to temporarily disable synchronization of the coupled system by actuating one of the cavities with a heating laser, so that both cavities oscillate independently. Our results can be upscaled to more than two cavities and pave the way towards realizing integrated networks of synchronized mechanical oscillators.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Colombano
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Dept. de Fìsica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - G Arregui
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Dept. de Fìsica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - N E Capuj
- Depto. Física, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Materiales y Nanotecnología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - A Pitanti
- NEST, CNR-Istituto Nanoscienze and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J Maire
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Griol
- Nanophotonics Technology Center, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - B Garrido
- MIND-IN2UB, Departament d'Enginyerìa Electrònica i Biomèdica, Facultat de Fìsica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martì i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Martinez
- Nanophotonics Technology Center, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - C M Sotomayor-Torres
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA-Instituciò Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Navarro-Urrios
- MIND-IN2UB, Departament d'Enginyerìa Electrònica i Biomèdica, Facultat de Fìsica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martì i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Wallin CB, De Alba R, Westly D, Holland G, Grutzik S, Rand RH, Zehnder AT, Aksyuk VA, Krylov S, Ilic BR. Nondegenerate Parametric Resonance in Large Ensembles of Coupled Micromechanical Cantilevers with Varying Natural Frequencies. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:264301. [PMID: 30636140 PMCID: PMC6507417 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.264301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the collective dynamics and nondegenerate parametric resonance (NPR) of coplanar, interdigitated arrays of microcantilevers distinguished by their cantilevers having linearly expanding lengths and thus varying natural frequencies. Within a certain excitation frequency range, the resonators begin oscillating via NPR across the entire array consisting of 200 single-crystal silicon cantilevers. Tunable coupling generated from fringing electrostatic fields provides a mechanism to vary the scope of the NPR. Our experimental results are supported by a reduced-order model that reproduces the leading features of our data including the NPR band. The potential for tailoring the coupled response of suspended mechanical structures using NPR presents new possibilities in mass, force, and energy sensing applications, energy harvesting devices, and optomechanical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B. Wallin
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Roberto De Alba
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Daron Westly
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Glenn Holland
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Scott Grutzik
- Component Science and Mechanics, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA
| | - Richard H. Rand
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Alan T. Zehnder
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Vladimir A. Aksyuk
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Slava Krylov
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978 Tel Aviv Israel
| | - B. Robert Ilic
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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19
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Qiao GJ, Gao HX, Liu HD, Yi XX. Quantum synchronization of two mechanical oscillators in coupled optomechanical systems with Kerr nonlinearity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15614. [PMID: 30353112 PMCID: PMC6199267 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33903-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the quantum synchronization phenomena of two mechanical oscillators of different frequencies in two optomechanical systems under periodically modulating cavity detunings or driving amplitudes, which can interact mutually through an optical fiber or a phonon tunneling. The cavities are filled with Kerr-type nonlinear medium. It is found that, no matter which the coupling and periodically modulation we choose, both of the quantum synchronization of nonlinear optomechanical system are more appealing than the linear optomechanical system. It is easier to observe greatly enhanced quantum synchronization with Kerr nonlinearity. In addition, the different influences on the quantum synchronization between the two coupling ways and the two modulating ways are compared and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Jian Qiao
- Center for Quantum Sciences and School of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Hui-Xia Gao
- Center for Quantum Sciences and School of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Hao-di Liu
- Center for Quantum Sciences and School of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China. .,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
| | - X X Yi
- Center for Quantum Sciences and School of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
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20
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Černotík O, Mahmoodian S, Hammerer K. Spatially Adiabatic Frequency Conversion in Optoelectromechanical Arrays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:110506. [PMID: 30265088 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.110506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Faithful conversion of quantum signals between microwave and optical frequency domains is crucial for building quantum networks based on superconducting circuits. Optoelectromechanical systems, in which microwave and optical cavity modes are coupled to a common mechanical oscillator, are a promising route towards this goal. In these systems, efficient, low-noise conversion is possible using a mechanically dark mode of the fields, but the conversion bandwidth is limited to a fraction of the cavity linewidth. Here, we show that an array of optoelectromechanical transducers can overcome this limitation and reach a bandwidth that is larger than the cavity linewidth. The coupling rates are varied in space throughout the array so that the mechanically dark mode of the propagating fields adiabatically changes from microwave to optical or vice versa. This strategy also leads to significantly reduced thermal noise with the collective optomechanical cooperativity being the relevant figure of merit. Finally, we demonstrate that the bandwidth enhancement is, surprisingly, largest for small arrays; this feature makes our scheme particularly attractive for state-of-the-art experimental setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Černotík
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), Leibniz University Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstraße 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sahand Mahmoodian
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), Leibniz University Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Klemens Hammerer
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), Leibniz University Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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21
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Tong D, Rao P, Chen Q, Ogorzalek MJ, Li X. Exponential synchronization and phase locking of a multilayer Kuramoto-oscillator system with a pacemaker. Neurocomputing 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2018.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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22
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Asadi K, Yu J, Cho H. Nonlinear couplings and energy transfers in micro- and nano-mechanical resonators: intermodal coupling, internal resonance and synchronization. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2018; 376:rsta.2017.0141. [PMID: 30037939 PMCID: PMC6077863 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Extensive development of micro/nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) has resulted in technologies that exhibit excellent performance over a wide range of applications in both applied (e.g. sensing, imaging, timing and signal processing) and fundamental sciences (e.g. quantum-level problems). Many of these outstanding applications benefit from resonance phenomena by employing micro/nanoscale mechanical resonators often fabricated into a beam-, membrane- or plate-type structure. During the early development stage, one of the vibrational modes (typically the fundamental mode) of a resonator is considered in the design and application. In the past decade, however, there has been a growing interest in using more than one vibrational mode for the enhanced functionality of MEMS/NEMS. In this paper, we review recent research efforts to investigate the nonlinear coupling and energy transfers between multiple modes in micro/nano-mechanical resonators, focusing especially on intermodal coupling, internal resonance and synchronization.This article is part of the theme issue 'Nonlinear energy transfer in dynamical and acoustical systems'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keivan Asadi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Hanna Cho
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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23
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Roulet A, Bruder C. Synchronizing the Smallest Possible System. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:053601. [PMID: 30118311 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.053601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the minimal Hilbert-space dimension for a system to be synchronized. We first show that qubits cannot be synchronized due to the lack of a limit cycle. Moving to larger spin values, we demonstrate that a single spin 1 can be phase locked to a weak external signal of similar frequency and exhibits all the standard features of the theory of synchronization. Our findings rely on the Husimi Q representation based on spin coherent states which we propose as a tool to obtain a phase portrait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Roulet
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Bruder
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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24
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Sonar S, Hajdušek M, Mukherjee M, Fazio R, Vedral V, Vinjanampathy S, Kwek LC. Squeezing Enhances Quantum Synchronization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:163601. [PMID: 29756922 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.163601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It is desirable to observe synchronization of quantum systems in the quantum regime, defined by the low number of excitations and a highly nonclassical steady state of the self-sustained oscillator. Several existing proposals of observing synchronization in the quantum regime suffer from the fact that the noise statistics overwhelm synchronization in this regime. Here, we resolve this issue by driving a self-sustained oscillator with a squeezing Hamiltonian instead of a harmonic drive and analyze this system in the classical and quantum regime. We demonstrate that strong entrainment is possible for small values of squeezing, and in this regime, the states are nonclassical. Furthermore, we show that the quality of synchronization measured by the FWHM of the power spectrum is enhanced with squeezing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Sonar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Michal Hajdušek
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Manas Mukherjee
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University Singapore, Singapore 117551, Singapore
- MajuLab, CNRS-UNS-NUS-NTU International Joint Research Unit, Singapore UMI 3654, Singapore
| | - Rosario Fazio
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore, Singapore
- ICTP, Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Instituto Nanoscienze-CNR, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vlatko Vedral
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Sai Vinjanampathy
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Leong-Chuan Kwek
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore, Singapore
- MajuLab, CNRS-UNS-NUS-NTU International Joint Research Unit, Singapore UMI 3654, Singapore
- Institute of Advanced Studies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639673, Singapore
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore
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25
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Huang K, Hossein-Zadeh M. Injection locking of optomechanical oscillators via acoustic waves. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:8275-8288. [PMID: 29715796 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.008275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Injection locking is an effective technique for synchronization of oscillator networks and controlling the phase and frequency of individual oscillators. As such, exploring new mechanisms for injection locking of emerging oscillators is important for their usage in various systems. Here, we present the first demonstration of injection locking of a radiation pressure driven optomechanical oscillator (OMO) via acoustic waves. As opposed to previously reported techniques (based on pump modulation or direct application of a modulated electrostatic force), injection locking of OMO via acoustic waves does not require optical power modulation or physical contact with the OMO and it can be easily implemented on various platforms to lock different types of OMOs independent of their size and structure. Using this approach we have locked the phase and frequency of two distinct modes of a microtoroidal silica OMO to a piezoelectric transducer (PZT). We have characterized the behavior of the injection locked OMO with three acoustic excitation configurations and showed that even without proper acoustic impedance, matching the OMO can be locked to the PZT and tuned over 17 kHz with only -30 dBm of RF power fed to the PZT. The high efficiency, simplicity, and scalability of the proposed approach paves the road toward a new class of photonic systems that rely on synchronization of several OMOs to a single or multiple RF oscillators with applications in optical communication, metrology, and sensing. Beyond its practical applications, injection locking via acoustic waves can be used in fundamental studies in quantum optomechanics where thermal and optical isolation of the OMO are critical.
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26
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Lesher-Pérez SC, Zhang C, Takayama S. Capacitive coupling synchronizes autonomous microfluidic oscillators. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:1096-1103. [PMID: 29383730 PMCID: PMC5967620 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Even identically designed autonomous microfluidic oscillators have device-to-device oscillation variability that arises due to inconsistencies in fabrication, materials, and operation conditions. This work demonstrates, experimentally and theoretically, that with appropriate capacitive coupling these microfluidic oscillators can be synchronized. The size and characteristics of the capacitive coupling needed and the range of input flow rate differences that can be synchronized are also characterized. In addition to device-to-device variability, there is also within-device oscillation noise that arises. An additional advantage of coupling multiple fluidic oscillators together is that the oscillation noise decreases. The ability to synchronize multiple autonomous oscillators is also a first step towards enhancing their usefulness as tools for biochemical research applications where multiplicate experiments with identical temporal-stimulation conditions are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha Cai Lesher-Pérez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Shuichi Takayama
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- The Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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27
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Luiz GO, Benevides RS, Santos FGS, Espinel YAV, Mayer Alegre TP, Wiederhecker GS. Efficient anchor loss suppression in coupled near-field optomechanical resonators. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:31347-31361. [PMID: 29245810 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.031347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Elastic dissipation through radiation towards the substrate is a major loss channel in micro- and nanomechanical resonators. Engineering the coupling of these resonators with optical cavities further complicates and constrains the design of low-loss optomechanical devices. In this work we rely on the coherent cancellation of mechanical radiation to demonstrate material and surface absorption limited silicon near-field optomechanical resonators oscillating at tens of MHz. The effectiveness of our dissipation suppression scheme is investigated at room and cryogenic temperatures. While at room temperature we can reach a maximum quality factor of 7.61k (fQ-product of the order of 1011 Hz), at 22 K the quality factor increases to 37k, resulting in a fQ-product of 2 × 1012 Hz.
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28
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Gao YP, Wang ZX, Wang TJ, Wang C. Optomechanically engineered phononic mode resonance. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:26638-26650. [PMID: 29092152 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.026638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Optomechanics describes the interaction between the optical field and mechanics, and the optomechanical system provides an ideal interface between photons and phonons. The role of the electromagnetic field during optomechanical interaction is studied in this paper as it is regarded as a phonon transmission medium. An analytical model is built to study the phononic mode resonance and reveals the transmission properties of the phonons, which are related to the variance of the frequency of the electromagnetic field. Moreover, when one mechanical mode is driven, different mode resonant properties could be achieved on the transmission spectrum of phonons between the two mechanical modes. We believe that the current work provides significant results for the research of phononic devices.
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29
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Light-sound interconversion in optomechanical Dirac materials. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9811. [PMID: 28851997 PMCID: PMC5575370 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09942-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Analyzing the scattering and conversion process between photons and phonons coupled via radiation pressure in a circular quantum dot on a honeycomb array of optomechanical cells, we demonstrate the emergence of optomechanical Dirac physics. Specifically we prove the formation of polaritonic quasi-bound states inside the dot, and angle-dependent Klein tunneling of light and emission of sound, depending on the energy of the incident photon, the photon-phonon interaction strength, and the radius of the dot. We furthermore demonstrate that forward scattering of light or sound can almost switched off by an optically tuned Fano resonance; thereby the system may act as an optomechanical translator in a future photon-phonon based circuitry.
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30
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Lauter R, Mitra A, Marquardt F. From Kardar-Parisi-Zhang scaling to explosive desynchronization in arrays of limit-cycle oscillators. Phys Rev E 2017; 96:012220. [PMID: 29347255 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.96.012220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phase oscillator lattices subject to noise are one of the most fundamental systems in nonequilibrium physics. We have discovered a dynamical transition which has a significant impact on the synchronization dynamics in such lattices, as it leads to an explosive increase of the phase diffusion rate by orders of magnitude. Our analysis is based on the widely applicable Kuramoto-Sakaguchi model, with local couplings between oscillators. For one-dimensional lattices, we observe the universal evolution of the phase spread that is suggested by a connection to the theory of surface growth, as described by the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) model. Moreover, we are able to explain the dynamical transition both in one and two dimensions by connecting it to an apparent finite-time singularity in a related KPZ lattice model. Our findings have direct consequences for the frequency stability of coupled oscillator lattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Lauter
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstr. 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aditi Mitra
- Department of Physics, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - Florian Marquardt
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstr. 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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31
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Li W, Zhang W, Li C, Song H. Properties and relative measure for quantifying quantum synchronization. Phys Rev E 2017; 96:012211. [PMID: 29347171 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.96.012211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although quantum synchronization phenomena and corresponding measures have been widely discussed recently, it is still an open question how to characterize directly the influence of nonlocal correlation, which is the key distinction for identifying classical and quantum synchronizations. In this paper, we present basic postulates for quantifying quantum synchronization based on the related theory in Mari's work [Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 103605 (2013)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.111.103605], and we give a general formula of a quantum synchronization measure with clear physical interpretations. By introducing Pearson's parameter, we show that the obvious characteristics of our measure are the relativity and monotonicity. As an example, the measure is applied to describe synchronization among quantum optomechanical systems under a Markovian bath. We also show the potential by quantifying generalized synchronization and discrete variable synchronization with this measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlin Li
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wenzhao Zhang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chong Li
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Heshan Song
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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32
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Seitner MJ, Abdi M, Ridolfo A, Hartmann MJ, Weig EM. Parametric Oscillation, Frequency Mixing, and Injection Locking of Strongly Coupled Nanomechanical Resonator Modes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:254301. [PMID: 28696761 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.254301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We study locking phenomena of two strongly coupled, high quality factor nanomechanical resonator modes to a common parametric drive at a single drive frequency in different parametric driving regimes. By controlled dielectric gradient forces we tune the resonance frequencies of the flexural in-plane and out-of-plane oscillation of the high stress silicon nitride string through their mutual avoided crossing. For the case of the strong common parametric drive signal-idler generation via nondegenerate parametric two-mode oscillation is observed. Broadband frequency tuning of the very narrow linewidth signal and idler resonances is demonstrated. When the resonance frequencies of the signal and idler get closer to each other, partial injection locking, injection pulling, and complete injection locking to half of the drive frequency occurs depending on the pump strength. Furthermore, satellite resonances, symmetrically offset from the signal and idler by their beat note, are observed, which can be attributed to degenerate four-wave mixing in the highly nonlinear mechanical oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehdi Abdi
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Alessandro Ridolfo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra (MIFT), Universita di Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Michael J Hartmann
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, EH14 4AS Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Eva M Weig
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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33
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Lee BS, Zhang M, Barbosa FAS, Miller SA, Mohanty A, St-Gelais R, Lipson M. On-chip thermo-optic tuning of suspended microresonators. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:12109-12120. [PMID: 28786569 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.012109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Suspended optical microresonators are promising devices for on-chip photonic applications such as radio-frequency oscillators, optical frequency combs, and sensors. Scaling up these devices demands the capability to tune the optical resonances in an integrated manner. Here, we design and experimentally demonstrate integrated on-chip thermo-optic tuning of suspended microresonators by utilizing suspended wire bridges and microheaters. We demonstrate the ability to tune the resonance of a suspended microresonator in silicon nitride platform by 9.7 GHz using 5.3 mW of heater power. The loaded optical quality factor (QL ~92,000) stays constant throughout the detuning. We demonstrate the efficacy of our approach by completely turning on and off the optical coupling between two evanescently coupled suspended microresonators.
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Abstract
In this paper we investigate how so-called quorum-sensing networks can be desynchronized. Such networks, which arise in many important application fields, such as systems biology, are characterized by the fact that direct communication between network nodes is superimposed to communication with a shared, environmental variable. In particular, we provide a new sufficient condition ensuring that the trajectories of these quorum-sensing networks diverge from their synchronous evolution. Then, we apply our result to study two applications.
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35
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Nair B, Naesby A, Dantan A. Optomechanical characterization of silicon nitride membrane arrays. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:1341-1344. [PMID: 28362764 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.001341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report on the optical and mechanical characterization of arrays of parallel micromechanical membranes. Pairs of high-tensile stress, 100 nm thick silicon nitride membranes are assembled parallel to each other with separations ranging from 8.5 to 200 μm. Their optical properties are accurately determined using transmission measurements under broadband and monochromatic illuminations, and the lowest vibrational mode frequencies and mechanical quality factors are determined interferometrically. The results and techniques demonstrated are promising for investigations of collective phenomena in optomechanical arrays.
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36
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Kumar A, Mohanty P. Autoassociative Memory and Pattern Recognition in Micromechanical Oscillator Network. Sci Rep 2017; 7:411. [PMID: 28341856 PMCID: PMC5428492 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00442-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Towards practical realization of brain-inspired computing in a scalable physical system, we investigate a network of coupled micromechanical oscillators. We numerically simulate this array of all-to-all coupled nonlinear oscillators in the presence of stochasticity and demonstrate its ability to synchronize and store information in the relative phase differences at synchronization. Sensitivity of behavior to coupling strength, frequency distribution, nonlinearity strength, and noise amplitude is investigated. Our results demonstrate that neurocomputing in a physically realistic network of micromechanical oscillators with silicon-based fabrication process can be robust against noise sources and fabrication process variations. This opens up tantalizing prospects for hardware realization of a low-power brain-inspired computing architecture that captures complexity on a scalable manufacturing platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Kumar
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Pritiraj Mohanty
- Department of Physics, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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Gil-Santos E, Labousse M, Baker C, Goetschy A, Hease W, Gomez C, Lemaître A, Leo G, Ciuti C, Favero I. Light-Mediated Cascaded Locking of Multiple Nano-Optomechanical Oscillators. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:063605. [PMID: 28234503 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.063605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Collective phenomena emerging from nonlinear interactions between multiple oscillators, such as synchronization and frequency locking, find applications in a wide variety of fields. Optomechanical resonators, which are intrinsically nonlinear, combine the scientific assets of mechanical devices with the possibility of long distance controlled interactions enabled by traveling light. Here we demonstrate light-mediated frequency locking of three distant nano-optomechanical oscillators positioned in a cascaded configuration. The oscillators, integrated on a chip along a common coupling waveguide, are optically driven with a single laser and oscillate at gigahertz frequency. Despite an initial mechanical frequency disorder of hundreds of kilohertz, the guided light locks them all with a clear transition in the optical output. The experimental results are described by Langevin equations, paving the way to scalable cascaded optomechanical configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gil-Santos
- Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS UMR 7162 Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France
| | - M Labousse
- Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS UMR 7162 Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France
| | - C Baker
- Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS UMR 7162 Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France
| | - A Goetschy
- Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS UMR 7162 Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France
- Institut Langevin, ESPCI Paris, CNRS UMR 7587, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - W Hease
- Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS UMR 7162 Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France
- Institut Langevin, ESPCI Paris, CNRS UMR 7587, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - C Gomez
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N-Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - A Lemaître
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N-Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - G Leo
- Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS UMR 7162 Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France
| | - C Ciuti
- Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS UMR 7162 Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France
| | - I Favero
- Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS UMR 7162 Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France
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38
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Souza MCMM, Rezende GFM, Barea LAM, Wiederhecker GS, Frateschi NC. Modeling quasi-dark states with temporal coupled-mode theory. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:18960-18972. [PMID: 27557177 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.018960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Coupled resonators are commonly used to achieve tailored spectral responses and allow novel functionalities in a broad range of applications. The Temporal Coupled-Mode Theory (TCMT) provides a simple and general tool that is widely used to model these devices. Relying on TCMT to model coupled resonators might however be misleading in some circumstances due to the lumped-element nature of the model. In this article, we report an important limitation of TCMT related to the prediction of dark states. Studying a coupled system composed of three microring resonators, we demonstrate that TCMT predicts the existence of a dark state that is in disagreement with experimental observations and with the more general results obtained with the Transfer Matrix Method (TMM) and the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) simulations. We identify the limitation in the TCMT model to be related to the mechanism of excitation/decay of the supermodes and we propose a correction that effectively reconciles the model with expected results. Our discussion based on coupled microring resonators can be useful for other electromagnetic resonant systems due to the generality and far-reach of the TCMT formalism.
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39
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Lörch N, Amitai E, Nunnenkamp A, Bruder C. Genuine Quantum Signatures in Synchronization of Anharmonic Self-Oscillators. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:073601. [PMID: 27563961 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.073601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We study the synchronization of a Van der Pol self-oscillator with Kerr anharmonicity to an external drive. We demonstrate that the anharmonic, discrete energy spectrum of the quantum oscillator leads to multiple resonances in both phase locking and frequency entrainment not present in the corresponding classical system. Strong driving close to these resonances leads to nonclassical steady-state Wigner distributions. Experimental realizations of these genuine quantum signatures can be implemented with current technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Lörch
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ehud Amitai
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Nunnenkamp
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Bruder
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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40
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Huang P, Zhang L, Zhou J, Tian T, Yin P, Duan C, Du J. Nonreciprocal Radio Frequency Transduction in a Parametric Mechanical Artificial Lattice. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:017701. [PMID: 27419591 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.017701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Generating nonreciprocal radio frequency transduction plays important roles in a wide range of research and applications, and an aspiration is to integrate this functionality into microcircuits without introducing a magnetic field, which, however, remains challenging. By designing a 1D artificial lattice structure with a neighbor interaction engineered parametrically, we predicted a nonreciprocity transduction with a large unidirectionality. We then experimentally demonstrated the phenomenon on a nanoelectromechanical chip fabricated by conventional complementary metal-silicon processing. A unidirectionality with isolation as high as 24 dB is achieved, and several different transduction schemes are realized by programing the control voltage topology. Apart from being used as a radio frequency isolator, the system provides a way to build a practical on-chip programmable device for broad research and applications in the radio frequency domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwei Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Tian
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiran Yin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Changkui Duan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangfeng Du
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
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41
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Li W, Li C, Song H. Quantum synchronization in an optomechanical system based on Lyapunov control. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:062221. [PMID: 27415268 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.062221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We extend the concepts of quantum complete synchronization and phase synchronization, which were proposed in A. Mari et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 103605 (2013)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.111.103605, to more widespread quantum generalized synchronization. Generalized synchronization can be considered a necessary condition or a more flexible derivative of complete synchronization, and its criterion and synchronization measure are proposed and analyzed in this paper. As examples, we consider two typical generalized synchronizations in a designed optomechanical system. Unlike the effort to construct a special coupling synchronization system, we purposefully design extra control fields based on Lyapunov control theory. We find that the Lyapunov function can adapt to more flexible control objectives, which is more suitable for generalized synchronization control, and the control fields can be achieved simply with a time-variant voltage. Finally, the existence of quantum entanglement in different generalized synchronizations is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlin Li
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, China
| | - Chong Li
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, China
| | - Heshan Song
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, China
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42
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Li T, Bao TY, Zhang YL, Zou CL, Zou XB, Guo GC. Long-distance synchronization of unidirectionally cascaded optomechanical systems. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:12336-12348. [PMID: 27410149 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.012336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Synchronization is of great scientific interest due to the abundant applications in a wide range of systems. We propose an all-optical scheme to achieve the controllable long-distance synchronization of two dissimilar optomechanical systems, which are unidirectionally coupled through a fiber with light. Synchronization, unsynchronization, and the dependence of the synchronization on driving laser strength and intrinsic frequency mismatch are studied based on the numerical simulation. Taking the fiber attenuation into account, we show that two optomechanical resonators can be unidirectionally synchronized over a distance of tens of kilometers. We also analyze the unidirectional synchronization of three optomechanical systems, demonstrating the scalability of our scheme.
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43
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Kohar V, Kia B, Lindner JF, Ditto WL. Superlinearly scalable noise robustness of redundant coupled dynamical systems. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:032213. [PMID: 27078350 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.032213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We illustrate through theory and numerical simulations that redundant coupled dynamical systems can be extremely robust against local noise in comparison to uncoupled dynamical systems evolving in the same noisy environment. Previous studies have shown that the noise robustness of redundant coupled dynamical systems is linearly scalable and deviations due to noise can be minimized by increasing the number of coupled units. Here, we demonstrate that the noise robustness can actually be scaled superlinearly if some conditions are met and very high noise robustness can be realized with very few coupled units. We discuss these conditions and show that this superlinear scalability depends on the nonlinearity of the individual dynamical units. The phenomenon is demonstrated in discrete as well as continuous dynamical systems. This superlinear scalability not only provides us an opportunity to exploit the nonlinearity of physical systems without being bogged down by noise but may also help us in understanding the functional role of coupled redundancy found in many biological systems. Moreover, engineers can exploit superlinear noise suppression by starting a coupled system near (not necessarily at) the appropriate initial condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kohar
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8202, USA
| | - Behnam Kia
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8202, USA
| | - John F Lindner
- Physics Department, The College of Wooster, Wooster, Ohio 44691, USA
| | - William L Ditto
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8202, USA
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