1
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Schlotter T, Kloter T, Hengsteler J, Yang K, Zhan L, Ragavan S, Hu H, Zhang X, Duru J, Vörös J, Zambelli T, Nakatsuka N. Aptamer-Functionalized Interface Nanopores Enable Amino Acid-Specific Peptide Detection. ACS NANO 2024; 18:6286-6297. [PMID: 38355286 PMCID: PMC10906075 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Single-molecule proteomics based on nanopore technology has made significant advances in recent years. However, to achieve nanopore sensing with single amino acid resolution, several bottlenecks must be tackled: controlling nanopore sizes with nanoscale precision and slowing molecular translocation events. Herein, we address these challenges by integrating amino acid-specific DNA aptamers into interface nanopores with dynamically tunable pore sizes. A phenylalanine aptamer was used as a proof-of-concept: aptamer recognition of phenylalanine moieties led to the retention of specific peptides, slowing translocation speeds. Importantly, while phenylalanine aptamers were isolated against the free amino acid, the aptamers were determined to recognize the combination of the benzyl or phenyl and the carbonyl group in the peptide backbone, enabling binding to specific phenylalanine-containing peptides. We decoupled specific binding between aptamers and phenylalanine-containing peptides from nonspecific interactions (e.g., electrostatics and hydrophobic interactions) using optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy. Aptamer-modified interface nanopores differentiated peptides containing phenylalanine vs. control peptides with structurally similar amino acids (i.e., tyrosine and tryptophan). When the duration of aptamer-target interactions inside the nanopore were prolonged by lowering the applied voltage, discrete ionic current levels with repetitive motifs were observed. Such reoccurring signatures in the measured signal suggest that the proposed method has the possibility to resolve amino acid-specific aptamer recognition, a step toward single-molecule proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilman Schlotter
- Laboratory
of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tom Kloter
- Laboratory
of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Julian Hengsteler
- Laboratory
of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kyungae Yang
- Department
of Medicine, Columbia University Irving
Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Lijian Zhan
- Laboratory
of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sujeni Ragavan
- Laboratory
of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Haiying Hu
- Laboratory
of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Laboratory
of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jens Duru
- Laboratory
of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - János Vörös
- Laboratory
of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tomaso Zambelli
- Laboratory
of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nako Nakatsuka
- Laboratory
of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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2
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Zhang H, Jiang H, Liu X, Wang X. A review of innovative electrochemical strategies for bioactive molecule detection and cell imaging: Current advances and challenges. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1285:341920. [PMID: 38057043 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Cellular heterogeneity poses a major challenge for tumor theranostics, requiring high-resolution intercellular bioanalysis strategies. Over the past decades, the advantages of electrochemical analysis, such as high sensitivity, good spatio-temporal resolution, and ease of use, have made it the preferred method to uncover cellular differences. To inspire more creative research, herein, we highlight seminal works in electrochemical techniques for biomolecule analysis and bioimaging. Specifically, micro/nano-electrode-based electrochemical techniques enable real-time quantitative analysis of electroactive substances relevant to life processes in the micro-nanostructure of cells and tissues. Nanopore-based technique plays a vital role in biosensing by utilizing nanoscale pores to achieve high-precision detection and analysis of biomolecules with exceptional sensitivity and single-molecule resolution. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) technology is utilized for real-time monitoring of the behavior and features of individual cancer cells, enabling observation of their dynamic processes due to its capability of providing high-resolution and highly sensitive bioimaging of cells. Particularly, scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) and scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) which are widely used in real-time observation of cell surface biological processes and three-dimensional imaging of micro-nano structures, such as metabolic activity, ion channel activity, and cell morphology are introduced in this review. Furthermore, the expansion of the scope of cellular electrochemistry research by innovative functionalized electrodes and electrochemical imaging models and strategies to address future challenges and potential applications is also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
| | - Xuemei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
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3
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Savin N, Erofeev A, Gorelkin P. Analytical Models for Measuring the Mechanical Properties of Yeast. Cells 2023; 12:1946. [PMID: 37566025 PMCID: PMC10417110 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties of yeast play an important role in many biological processes, such as cell division and growth, maintenance of internal pressure, and biofilm formation. In addition, the mechanical properties of cells can indicate the degree of damage caused by antifungal drugs, as the mechanical parameters of healthy and damaged cells are different. Over the past decades, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and micromanipulation have become the most widely used methods for evaluating the mechanical characteristics of microorganisms. In this case, the reliability of such an estimate depends on the choice of mathematical model. This review presents various analytical models developed in recent years for studying the mechanical properties of both cells and their individual structures. The main provisions of the applied approaches are described along with their limitations and advantages. Attention is paid to the innovative method of low-invasive nanomechanical mapping with scanning ion-conductance microscopy (SICM), which is currently starting to be successfully used in the discovery of novel drugs acting on the yeast cell wall and plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Savin
- Research Laboratory of Biophysics, National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Moscow 119049, Russia;
| | - Alexander Erofeev
- Research Laboratory of Biophysics, National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Moscow 119049, Russia;
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4
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Savin N, Erofeev A, Kolmogorov V, Salikhov S, Efremov Y, Timashev P, Grammatikova N, Levshin I, Edwards C, Korchev Y, Gorelkin P. Scanning ion-conductance microscopy technique for studying the topography and mechanical properties of Candida parapsilosis yeast microorganisms. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:611-617. [PMID: 36477151 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00964a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Super-resolution microscopy is widely used in the development of novel antimicrobial testing in vitro. In the presented work, a scanning protocol was developed by the method of scanning ion-conducting microscopy (SICM), which makes it possible to study microorganisms without rigid fixation and in saline, obtaining an index map of nanosized structures. The effect of azole and echinocandins drugs on the morphology and mechanical properties of Candida parapsilosis yeast was studied. The findings are consistent with previously proposed drug mechanisms and reports that have examined antifungal agents using AFM, SEM, and TEM. We have shown that the SICM method is capable of scanning and detecting the nanomechanical properties of yeast non-invasively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Erofeev
- NUST MISiS, Moscow, Russian Federation. .,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vasilii Kolmogorov
- NUST MISiS, Moscow, Russian Federation. .,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Yuri Efremov
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine I. M. Sechenov, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Peter Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine I. M. Sechenov, Moscow, Russian Federation.,World-class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Moscow, Russian Federation.,Chemistry department Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Igor Levshin
- G. F. Gauze Research Institute for New Antibiotics, Moscow, Russian Federation
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5
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Sun L, Yeo T, Middha E, Gao Y, Lim CT, Watanabe S, Liu B. In Situ Visualization of Dynamic Cellular Effects of Phospholipid Nanoparticles via High-Speed Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2203285. [PMID: 35946985 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipid nanoparticles have been actively employed for numerous biomedical applications. A key factor in ensuring effective and safe applications of these nanomaterials is the regulation of their interactions with target cells, which is significantly dependent on an in-depth understanding of the nanoparticle-cell interactions. To date, most studies investigating these nano-bio interactions have been performed under static conditions and may lack crucial real-time information. It is, however, noteworthy that the nanoparticle-cell interactions are highly dynamic. Consequently, to gain a deeper insight into the cellular effects of phospholipid nanoparticles, real-time observation of cellular dynamics after nanoparticle introduction is necessary. Herein, a proof-of-concept in situ visualization of the dynamic cellular effects of sub-100 nm phospholipid nanoparticles using high-speed scanning ion conductance microscopy (HS-SICM) is reported. It is revealed that upon introduction into the cellular environment, within a short timescale of hundreds of seconds, phospholipid nanoparticles can selectively modulate the edge motility and surface roughness of healthy fibroblast and cancerous epithelial cells. Furthermore, the dynamic deformation profiles of these cells can be selectively altered in the presence of phospholipid nanoparticles. This work is anticipated to further shed light on the real-time nanoparticle-cell interactions for improved formulation of phospholipid nanoparticles for numerous bioapplications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhao Sun
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Trifanny Yeo
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, MD6, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Eshu Middha
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Yuji Gao
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, MD6, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, MD6, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Shinji Watanabe
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
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6
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Zhou Y, Sun L, Watanabe S, Ando T. Recent Advances in the Glass Pipet: from Fundament to Applications. Anal Chem 2021; 94:324-335. [PMID: 34841859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanshu Zhou
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Linhao Sun
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Shinji Watanabe
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Toshio Ando
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
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7
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Abstract
Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) has emerged as a versatile tool for studies of interfaces in biology and materials science with notable utility in biophysical and electrochemical measurements. The heart of the SICM is a nanometer-scale electrolyte filled glass pipette that serves as a scanning probe. In the initial conception, manipulations of ion currents through the tip of the pipette and appropriate positioning hardware provided a route to recording micro- and nanoscopic mapping of the topography of surfaces. Subsequent advances in instrumentation, probe design, and methods significantly increased opportunities for SICM beyond recording topography. Hybridization of SICM with coincident characterization techniques such as optical microscopy and faradaic electrodes have brought SICM to the forefront as a tool for nanoscale chemical measurement for a wide range of applications. Modern approaches to SICM realize an important tool in analytical, bioanalytical, biophysical, and materials measurements, where significant opportunities remain for further exploration. In this review, we chronicle the development of SICM from the perspective of both the development of instrumentation and methods and the breadth of measurements performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Kaixiang Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Natasha P Siepser
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Lane A Baker
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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8
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Li P, Li G. Advances in Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy: Principles and Applications. IEEE NANOTECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1109/mnano.2020.3037431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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9
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Tamayo-Elizalde M, Chen H, Malboubi M, Ye H, Jerusalem A. Action potential alterations induced by single F11 neuronal cell loading. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 162:141-153. [PMID: 33444567 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Several research programmes have demonstrated how Transcranial Ultrasound Stimulation (TUS) can non-invasively and reversibly mechanically perturb neuronal functions. However, the mechanisms through which such reversible and a priori non-damaging behaviour can be observed remain largely unknown. While several TUS protocols have demonstrated motor and behavioural alterations in in vivo models, in vitro studies remain scarce. In particular, an experimental framework able to load mechanically an individual neuron in a controlled manner and simultaneously measure the generation and evolution of action potentials before, during and after such load, while allowing for direct microscopy, has not been successfully proposed. To this end, we herein present a multiphysics setup combining nanoindentation and patch clamp systems, assembled in an inverted microscope for simultaneous bright-field or fluorescence imaging. We evaluate the potential of the platform with a set of experiments in which single dorsal root ganglion-derived neuronal cell bodies are compressed while their spontaneous activity is recorded. We show that these transient quasi-static mechanical loads reversibly affect the amplitude and rate of change of the neuronal action potentials, which are smaller and slower upon indentation, while irreversibly altering other features. The ability to simultaneously image, mechanically and electrically manipulate and record single cells in a perturbed mechanical environment makes this system particularly suitable for studying the multiphysics of the brain at the cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haoyu Chen
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Majid Malboubi
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hua Ye
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Antoine Jerusalem
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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10
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Schlotter T, Weaver S, Forró C, Momotenko D, Vörös J, Zambelli T, Aramesh M. Force-Controlled Formation of Dynamic Nanopores for Single-Biomolecule Sensing and Single-Cell Secretomics. ACS NANO 2020; 14:12993-13003. [PMID: 32914961 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanopore sensing of single nucleotides has emerged as a promising single-molecule technology for DNA sequencing and proteomics. Despite the conceptual simplicity of nanopores, adoption of this technology for practical applications has been limited by a lack of pore size adjustability and an inability to perform long-term recordings in complex solutions. Here we introduce a method for fast and precise on-demand formation of a nanopore with controllable size between 2 and 20 nm through force-controlled adjustment of the nanospace formed between the opening of a microfluidic device (made of silicon nitride) and a soft polymeric substrate. The introduced nanopore system enables stable measurements at arbitrary locations. By accurately positioning the nanopore in the proximity of single neurons and continuously recording single-molecule translations over several hours, we have demonstrated this is a powerful approach for single-cell proteomics and secretomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilman Schlotter
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sean Weaver
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Csaba Forró
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Dmitry Momotenko
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - János Vörös
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tomaso Zambelli
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Morteza Aramesh
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department for Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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11
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Mark A, Helfricht N, Rauh A, Xue J, Knödler P, Schumacher T, Karg M, Du B, Lippitz M, Papastavrou G. Electrokinetics in Micro-channeled Cantilevers: Extending the Toolbox for Reversible Colloidal Probes and AFM-Based Nanofluidics. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20294. [PMID: 31889103 PMCID: PMC6937245 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56716-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of atomic force microscopy (AFM) with nanofluidics, also referred to as FluidFM, has facilitated new applications in scanning ion conductance microscopy, direct force measurements, lithography, or controlled nanoparticle deposition. An essential element of this new type of AFMs is its cantilever, which bears an internal micro-channel with a defined aperture at the end. Here, we present a new approach for in-situ characterization of the internal micro-channels, which is non-destructive and based on electrochemical methods. It allows for probing the internal environment of a micro-channeled cantilever and the corresponding aperture, respectively. Acquiring the streaming current in the micro-channel allows to determine not only the state of the aperture over a wide range of ionic strengths but also the surface chemistry of the cantilever’s internal channel. The high practical applicability of this method is demonstrated by detecting the aspiration of polymeric, inorganic and hydrogel particles with diameters ranging from several µm down to 300 nm. By verifying in-situ the state of the aperture, i.e. open versus closed, electrophysiological or nano-deposition experiments will be significantly facilitated. Moreover, our approach is of high significance for direct force measurements by the FluidFM-technique and sub-micron colloidal probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Mark
- Physical Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Nicolas Helfricht
- Physical Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany.,Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Astrid Rauh
- Physical Chemistry I, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40204, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jinqiao Xue
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Patrick Knödler
- Experimental Physics III, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schumacher
- Experimental Physics III, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Matthias Karg
- Physical Chemistry I, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40204, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Binyang Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Markus Lippitz
- Experimental Physics III, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Georg Papastavrou
- Physical Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany. .,Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany.
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12
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Aramesh M, Forró C, Dorwling-Carter L, Lüchtefeld I, Schlotter T, Ihle SJ, Shorubalko I, Hosseini V, Momotenko D, Zambelli T, Klotzsch E, Vörös J. Localized detection of ions and biomolecules with a force-controlled scanning nanopore microscope. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 14:791-798. [PMID: 31308500 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-019-0493-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Proteins, nucleic acids and ions secreted from single cells are the key signalling factors that determine the interaction of cells with their environment and the neighbouring cells. It is possible to study individual ion channels by pipette clamping, but it is difficult to dynamically monitor the activity of ion channels and transporters across the cellular membrane. Here we show that a solid-state nanopore integrated in an atomic force microscope can be used for the stochastic sensing of secreted molecules and the activity of ion channels in arbitrary locations both inside and outside a cell. The translocation of biomolecules and ions through the nanopore is observed in real time in live cells. The versatile nature of this approach allows us to detect specific biomolecules under controlled mechanical confinement and to monitor the ion-channel activities of single cells. Moreover, the nanopore microscope was used to image the surface of the nuclear membrane via high-resolution scanning ion conductance measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Aramesh
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department for Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Csaba Forró
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Livie Dorwling-Carter
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ines Lüchtefeld
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tilman Schlotter
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan J Ihle
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Shorubalko
- Laboratory for Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Vahid Hosseini
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department for Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dmitry Momotenko
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tomaso Zambelli
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Enrico Klotzsch
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department for Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biology, Experimental Biophysics/ Mechanobiology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - János Vörös
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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13
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Venkatesh V, Heinemann C, Sundaresan VB. Surface-tracked scanning ion conductance microscopy: A novel imaging technique for measuring topography-correlated transmembrane ion transport through porous substrates. Micron 2019; 120:57-65. [PMID: 30776683 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ion transport through porous substrates is ubiquitous in biological and synthetic materials, and fundamental for chemical separation, drug delivery and bio-sensing. Contemporary imaging techniques for simultaneously characterizing topography and ion transport through porous substrates are limited in range and resolution. In this paper, we demonstrate 'surface-tracked scanning ion conductance microscopy' as a technique to image topography of a porous substrate and simultaneously measure voltage-driven transmembrane ion transport. This technique uses the principles of 'shear-force tracking' to image the surface of a polycarbonate track-etch membrane, and chronoamperometry to reconstruct topography-correlated transmembrane ion transport through the membrane at different transmembrane potentials. Spatial transmembrane transport through individual pores is modeled using Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz (GHK) theory to examine the effects of shear-force modulation on magnitude of transmembrane currents recorded with a nanopipette. The modeled transmembrane current through the porous membrane is compared with experimental behavior, and discrepancies between predicted values and measured data are outlined. The proposed surface-tracked imaging mode allows for rapid assessment (approximately 7 s/μm2) of interfacial processes at the nanoscale and addresses a bottleneck for stable, large-area characterization of porous substrates using scanning ion conductance microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Venkatesh
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, 201 W 19th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Christian Heinemann
- HEKA Elektronik Dr. Schulze GmbH, Wiesenstraße 71, Lambrecht, Pfalz, Germany
| | - Vishnu Baba Sundaresan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, 201 W 19th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
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14
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Bentley CL, Edmondson J, Meloni GN, Perry D, Shkirskiy V, Unwin PR. Nanoscale Electrochemical Mapping. Anal Chem 2018; 91:84-108. [PMID: 30500157 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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15
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Chen Y, Sukhorukov GB, Novak P. Visualising nanoscale restructuring of a cellular membrane triggered by polyelectrolyte microcapsules. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:16902-16910. [PMID: 30176032 PMCID: PMC6137606 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr03870h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-based multilayer microencapsulation technology represents one of the promising strategies for intracellular drug delivery, however, membrane processes involved in vehicle internalisation are not fully understood. Here we employed a scanning probe microscopy technique called Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy (SICM) to study these complex processes at nanoscale resolution in real time. We were able to image topography simultaneously with local elastic modulus throughout the whole course of microcapsule internalisation in A549 cell culture without disrupting the internalisation process. The imaging revealed that capsules triggered the formation of membrane protrusions in their vicinity, which is an important but not a sufficient step towards full capsule internalisation. A crucial aspect appeared to be nanoscale restructuring of these protrusions into smooth thin layers extending over the surface of capsules. Simultaneous mapping of elastic modulus during capsule internalisation allowed monitoring the structural changes during extension of the membrane sheets over the surface of the capsule and the subsequent post-internalisation phenomenon of capsule buckling. To our knowledge these are the first experimental data capturing the interactions between the cellular membrane and microcapsules in their whole complexity with nanoscale resolution. The methodology established here has the potential to provide new insights into interactions at the interface between the nanostructured materials and cellular membrane under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiu Chen
- School of Engineering and Materials Science
, Queen Mary University of London
,
Mile End Road
, London E1 4NS
, UK
.
;
| | - Gleb B. Sukhorukov
- School of Engineering and Materials Science
, Queen Mary University of London
,
Mile End Road
, London E1 4NS
, UK
.
;
| | - Pavel Novak
- School of Engineering and Materials Science
, Queen Mary University of London
,
Mile End Road
, London E1 4NS
, UK
.
;
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16
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Dorwling-Carter L, Aramesh M, Han H, Zambelli T, Momotenko D. Combined Ion Conductance and Atomic Force Microscope for Fast Simultaneous Topographical and Surface Charge Imaging. Anal Chem 2018; 90:11453-11460. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Livie Dorwling-Carter
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Morteza Aramesh
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Hana Han
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Tomaso Zambelli
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Dmitry Momotenko
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland
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Collins L, Kilpatrick JI, Kalinin SV, Rodriguez BJ. Towards nanoscale electrical measurements in liquid by advanced KPFM techniques: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2018; 81:086101. [PMID: 29990308 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aab560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fundamental mechanisms of energy storage, corrosion, sensing, and multiple biological functionalities are directly coupled to electrical processes and ionic dynamics at solid-liquid interfaces. In many cases, these processes are spatially inhomogeneous taking place at grain boundaries, step edges, point defects, ion channels, etc and possess complex time and voltage dependent dynamics. This necessitates time-resolved and real-space probing of these phenomena. In this review, we discuss the applications of force-sensitive voltage modulated scanning probe microscopy (SPM) for probing electrical phenomena at solid-liquid interfaces. We first describe the working principles behind electrostatic and Kelvin probe force microscopies (EFM & KPFM) at the gas-solid interface, review the state of the art in advanced KPFM methods and developments to (i) overcome limitations of classical KPFM, (ii) expand the information accessible from KPFM, and (iii) extend KPFM operation to liquid environments. We briefly discuss the theoretical framework of electrical double layer (EDL) forces and dynamics, the implications and breakdown of classical EDL models for highly charged interfaces or under high ion concentrations, and describe recent modifications of the classical EDL theory relevant for understanding nanoscale electrical measurements at the solid-liquid interface. We further review the latest achievements in mapping surface charge, dielectric constants, and electrodynamic and electrochemical processes in liquids. Finally, we outline the key challenges and opportunities that exist in the field of nanoscale electrical measurements in liquid as well as providing a roadmap for the future development of liquid KPFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Collins
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States of America. Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States of America
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18
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Fuhs T, Klausen LH, Sønderskov SM, Han X, Dong M. Direct measurement of surface charge distribution in phase separating supported lipid bilayers. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:4538-4544. [PMID: 29461548 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr09522h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The local surface charge density of the cell membrane influences regulation and localization of membrane proteins. The local surface charge density could, until recently, not be measured directly under physiological conditions, and it was largely a hypothetical yet very important parameter. Here we use unsaturated lipids of a distinct charge (DOTAP, DOPC, and DOPG) and a neutral fully saturated lipid (DPPC) to create model membranes with phase separating domains of a defined charge. We then apply quantitative surface charge microscopy (QSCM) to investigate the local surface charge density; this is a technique based on a scanning ion conductance microscope (SICM) capable of measuring surface charge density with nanoscale lateral resolution. We are able to clearly distinguish lipid domains from charge and topography in all three model membranes. The measured surface charge densities furthermore reveal that disordered domains formed by charged lipids are in fact not only impure, but also incorporate uncharged saturated lipids. We estimate that at least 30% of disordered domains in DOPG : DPPC and DOTAP : DPPC will be DPPC. These ratios could present a limit for the formation of charged domains in lipid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Fuhs
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin, 150001, China.
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19
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Zambelli T. Force-controlled electrophysiology. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20160601002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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