1
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Tečer M, Di Liberto M, Silvi P, Montangero S, Romanato F, Calajó G. Strongly Interacting Photons in 2D Waveguide QED. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:163602. [PMID: 38701484 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.163602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
One-dimensional confinement in waveguide quantum electrodynamics (QED) plays a crucial role to enhance light-matter interactions and to induce a strong quantum nonlinear optical response. In two or higher-dimensional settings, this response is reduced since photons can be emitted within a larger phase space, opening the question whether strong photon-photon interaction can be still achieved. In this study, we positively answer this question for the case of a 2D square array of atoms coupled to the light confined into a two-dimensional waveguide. More specifically, we demonstrate the occurrence of long-lived two-photon repulsive and bound states with genuine 2D features. Furthermore, we observe signatures of these effects also in free-space atomic arrays in the form of weakly subradiant in-band scattering resonances. Our findings provide a paradigmatic signature of the presence of strong photon-photon interactions in 2D waveguide QED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matija Tečer
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Di Liberto
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Padua Quantum Technologies Research Center, Universitá degli Studi di Padova
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Pietro Silvi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Padua Quantum Technologies Research Center, Universitá degli Studi di Padova
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Simone Montangero
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Padua Quantum Technologies Research Center, Universitá degli Studi di Padova
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Filippo Romanato
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Padua Quantum Technologies Research Center, Universitá degli Studi di Padova
- CNR-IOM Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Calajó
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
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2
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Baßler NS, Aiello A, Schmidt KP, Genes C, Reitz M. Metasurface-Based Hybrid Optical Cavities for Chiral Sensing. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:043602. [PMID: 38335329 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.043602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Quantum metasurfaces, i.e., two-dimensional subwavelength arrays of quantum emitters, can be employed as mirrors towards the design of hybrid cavities, where the optical response is given by the interplay of a cavity-confined field and the surface modes supported by the arrays. We show that stacked layers of quantum metasurfaces with orthogonal dipole orientation can serve as helicity-preserving cavities. These structures exhibit ultranarrow resonances and can enhance the intensity of the incoming field by orders of magnitude, while simultaneously preserving the handedness of the field circulating inside the resonator, as opposed to conventional cavities. The rapid phase shift in the cavity transmission around the resonance can be exploited for the sensitive detection of chiral scatterers passing through the cavity. We discuss possible applications of these resonators as sensors for the discrimination of chiral molecules. Our approach describes a new way of chiral sensing via the measurement of particle-induced phase shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico S Baßler
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrea Aiello
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kai P Schmidt
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Claudiu Genes
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Reitz
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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3
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Bloch D, Hofer B, Cohen SR, Browaeys A, Ferrier-Barbut I. Trapping and Imaging Single Dysprosium Atoms in Optical Tweezer Arrays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:203401. [PMID: 38039457 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.203401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the preparation and observation of single atoms of dysprosium in arrays of optical tweezers with a wavelength of 532 nm, imaged on the intercombination line at 626 nm. We use the anisotropic light shift specific to lanthanides and in particular a large difference in tensor and vector polarizabilities between the ground and excited states to tune the differential light shift and produce tweezers in near-magic or magic polarization. This allows us to find a regime where single atoms can be trapped and imaged. Using the tweezer array toolbox to manipulate lanthanides will open new research directions for quantum physics studies by taking advantage of their rich spectrum, large spin, and magnetic dipole moment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Bloch
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127, Palaiseau, France
| | - Britton Hofer
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127, Palaiseau, France
| | - Sam R Cohen
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127, Palaiseau, France
| | - Antoine Browaeys
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127, Palaiseau, France
| | - Igor Ferrier-Barbut
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127, Palaiseau, France
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4
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Scheil V, Holzinger R, Moreno-Cardoner M, Ritsch H. Optical Properties of Concentric Nanorings of Quantum Emitters. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13050851. [PMID: 36903728 PMCID: PMC10005549 DOI: 10.3390/nano13050851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A ring of sub-wavelength spaced dipole-coupled quantum emitters features extraordinary optical properties when compared to a one-dimensional chain or a random collection of emitters. One finds the emergence of extremely subradiant collective eigenmodes similar to an optical resonator, which features strong 3D sub-wavelength field confinement near the ring. Motivated by structures commonly appearing in natural light-harvesting complexes (LHCs), we extend these studies to stacked multi-ring geometries. We predict that using double rings allows us to engineer significantly darker and better confined collective excitations over a broader energy band compared to the single-ring case. These enhance weak field absorption and low-loss excitation energy transport. For the specific geometry of the three rings appearing in the natural LH2 light-harvesting antenna, we show that the coupling between the lower double-ring structure and the higher energy blue-shifted single ring is very close to a critical value for the actual size of the molecule. This creates collective excitations with contributions from all three rings, which is a vital ingredient for efficient and fast coherent inter-ring transport. This geometry thus should also prove useful for the design of sub-wavelength weak field antennae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Scheil
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Raphael Holzinger
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Maria Moreno-Cardoner
- Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica and Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helmut Ritsch
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Correspondence:
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5
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Baßler NS, Reitz M, Schmidt KP, Genes C. Linear optical elements based on cooperative subwavelength emitter arrays. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:6003-6026. [PMID: 36823868 DOI: 10.1364/oe.476830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We describe applications of two-dimensional subwavelength quantum emitter arrays as efficient optical elements in the linear regime. For normally incident light, the cooperative optical response, stemming from emitter-emitter dipole exchanges, allows the control of the array's transmission, its resonance frequency, and bandwidth. Operations on fully polarized incident light, such as generic linear and circular polarizers as well as phase retarders can be engineered and described in terms of Jones matrices. Our analytical approach and accompanying numerical simulations identify optimal regimes for such operations and reveal the importance of adjusting the array geometry and of the careful tuning of the external magnetic fields amplitude and direction.
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6
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Vadia S, Scherzer J, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Högele A. Magneto-Optical Chirality in a Coherently Coupled Exciton-Plasmon System. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:614-618. [PMID: 36617344 PMCID: PMC9881169 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chirality is a fundamental asymmetry phenomenon, with chiral optical elements exhibiting asymmetric response in reflection or absorption of circularly polarized light. Recent realizations of such elements include nanoplasmonic systems with broken-mirror symmetry and polarization-contrasting optical absorption known as circular dichroism. An alternative route to circular dichroism is provided by spin-valley polarized excitons in atomically thin semiconductors. In the presence of magnetic fields, they exhibit an imbalanced coupling to circularly polarized photons and thus circular dichroism. Here, we demonstrate that polarization-contrasting optical transitions associated with excitons in monolayer WSe2 can be transferred to proximal plasmonic nanodisks by coherent coupling. The coupled exciton-plasmon system exhibits magneto-induced circular dichroism in a spectrally narrow window of Fano interference, which we model in a master equation framework. Our work motivates the use of exciton-plasmon interfaces as building blocks of chiral metasurfaces for applications in information processing, nonlinear optics, and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samarth Vadia
- Fakultät
für Physik, Munich Quantum Center, and Center for NanoScience
(CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz
1, 80539 München, Germany
- Munich
Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingtr. 4, 80799 München, Germany
- attocube
systems AG, Eglfinger
Weg 2, 85540 Haar, Germany
| | - Johannes Scherzer
- Fakultät
für Physik, Munich Quantum Center, and Center for NanoScience
(CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz
1, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research
Center for Functional Materials, National
Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International
Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Alexander Högele
- Fakultät
für Physik, Munich Quantum Center, and Center for NanoScience
(CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz
1, 80539 München, Germany
- Munich
Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingtr. 4, 80799 München, Germany
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7
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Zundel L, Deop-Ruano JR, Martinez-Herrero R, Manjavacas A. Lattice Resonances Excited by Finite-Width Light Beams. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:31431-31441. [PMID: 36092601 PMCID: PMC9453969 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Periodic arrays of metallic nanostructures support collective lattice resonances, which give rise to optical responses that are, at the same time, stronger and more spectrally narrow than those of the localized plasmons of the individual nanostructures. Despite the extensive research effort devoted to investigating the optical properties of lattice resonances, the majority of theoretical studies have analyzed them under plane-wave excitation conditions. Such analysis not only constitutes an approximation to realistic experimental conditions, which require the use of finite-width light beams, but also misses a rich variety of interesting behaviors. Here, we provide a comprehensive study of the response of periodic arrays of metallic nanostructures when excited by finite-width light beams under both paraxial and nonparaxial conditions. We show how as the width of the light beam increases, the response of the array becomes more collective and converges to the plane-wave limit. Furthermore, we analyze the spatial extent of the lattice resonance and identify the optimum values of the light beam width to achieve the strongest optical responses. We also investigate the impact that the combination of finite-size effects in the array and the finite width of the light beam has on the response of the system. Our results provide a solid theoretical framework to understand the excitation of lattice resonances by finite-width light beams and uncover a set of behaviors that do not take place under plane-wave excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Zundel
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, United States
| | - Juan R. Deop-Ruano
- Instituto
de Óptica (IO-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Manjavacas
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, United States
- Instituto
de Óptica (IO-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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8
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Moreno-Cardoner M, Holzinger R, Ritsch H. Efficient nano-photonic antennas based on dark states in quantum emitter rings. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:10779-10791. [PMID: 35473037 DOI: 10.1364/oe.437396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscopic arrays of quantum emitters can feature highly sub-radiant collective excitations with a lifetime exponentially growing with emitter number. Adding an absorptive impurity as an energy dump in the center of a ring shaped polygon allows to exploit this feature to create highly efficient single photon antennas. Here among regular polygons with an identical center absorbing emitter, a nonagon exhibits a distinct optimum of the absorption efficiency. This special enhancement originates from the unique emergence of a subradiant eigenstate with dominant center occupation. Only for nine emitters the sum of coupling strengths of each emitter to all others matches the center to the ring coupling. Analogous to a parabolic mirror the antenna ring then concentrates incoming radiation at its center without being significantly excited itself. Similar large efficiency enhancements, which even prevail for broadband excitation, can also be engineered for other antenna sizes by tailoring the frequency and magnitude of the central absorber. Interestingly, for very small structures a quantum treatment predicts an even stronger enhancement for the single photon absorption enhancement than a classical dipole model. As natural light harvesting structures are often based on ring shaped structures, the underlying principle might be exploited there as well.
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9
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Fernández-Fernández D, González-Tudela A. Tunable Directional Emission and Collective Dissipation with Quantum Metasurfaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:113601. [PMID: 35363033 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.113601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Subwavelength atomic arrays, recently labeled as quantum metamaterials, have emerged as an exciting platform for obtaining novel quantum optical phenomena. The strong interference effects in these systems generate subradiant excitations that propagate through the atomic array with very long lifetimes. Here, we demonstrate that one can harness these excitations to obtain tunable directional emission patterns and collective dissipative couplings when placing judiciously additional atoms nearby the atomic array. For doing that, we first characterize the optimal square array geometry to obtain directional emission patterns. Then, we characterize the best atomic positions to couple efficiently to the subradiant metasurface excitations and provide several improvement strategies based on entangled atomic clusters or bilayers. Afterward, we also show how the directionality of the emission pattern can be controlled through the relative dipole orientation between the auxiliary atoms and the one of the array. Finally, we benchmark how these directional emission patterns translate into to collective, anisotropic dissipative couplings between the auxiliary atoms by studying the lifetime modification of atomic entangled states.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fernández-Fernández
- Institute of Fundamental Physics IFF-CSIC, Calle Serrano 113b, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid ICMM-CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - A González-Tudela
- Institute of Fundamental Physics IFF-CSIC, Calle Serrano 113b, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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10
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Zhang HZ, Qin HY, Zhang WX, Huang L, Zhang XD. Moiré graphene nanoribbons: nearly perfect absorptions and highly efficient reflections with wide angles. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:2219-2229. [PMID: 35209367 DOI: 10.1364/oe.445348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The strong absorption and reflection from atomically thin graphene nanoribbons has been demonstrated over the past decade. However, due to the significant band dispersion of graphene nanoribbons, the angle of incident wave has remained limited to a very narrow range. Obtaining strong absorption and reflection with a wide range of incident angles from atomically thin graphene layers has remained an unsolvable problem. Here, we construct a tunable moiré superlattice composed of a pair of graphene nanoribbon arrays to achieve this goal. By designing the interlayer coupling between two graphene nanoribbon arrays with mismatched periods, the moiré flat bands and the localization of their eigen-fields was realized. Based on the moiré flat bands of graphene nanoribbons, highly efficient reflection and nearly perfect absorption was achieved with a wide range of incident angles. Even more interesting, is how these novel phenomena can be tuned through the adjustment of the graphene's Fermi energy, either electrostatically or chemically. Our designed moiré graphene nanoribbons suggest a promising platform to engineer moiré physics with tunable behaviors, and may have potential applications in the field of wide-angle absorbers and reflectors in the mid-infrared region.
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11
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Moreno-Cardoner M, Goncalves D, Chang DE. Quantum Nonlinear Optics Based on Two-Dimensional Rydberg Atom Arrays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:263602. [PMID: 35029476 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.263602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We propose the combination of subwavelength, two-dimensional atomic arrays and Rydberg interactions as a powerful platform to realize strong, coherent interactions between individual photons with high fidelity. The atomic spatial ordering guarantees efficient atom-light interactions without the possibility of scattering light into unwanted directions, allowing the array to act as a perfect mirror for individual photons. In turn, Rydberg interactions enable single photons to alter the optical response of the array within a potentially large blockade radius R_{b}, which can effectively punch a large "hole" for subsequent photons. We show that such a system enables a coherent photon-photon gate or switch, with a significantly better error scaling (∼R_{b}^{-4}) than in a disordered ensemble. We also investigate the optical properties of the system in the limit of strong input intensities and show that this many-body quantum driven dissipative system can be modeled well by a semiclassical model based on holes punched in a classical mirror.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Moreno-Cardoner
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 21a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica and Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Goncalves
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - D E Chang
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08015 Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Deb AB, Kjærgaard N. Observation of Pauli blocking in light scattering from quantum degenerate fermions. Science 2021; 374:972-975. [PMID: 34793206 DOI: 10.1126/science.abh3470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita B Deb
- Department of Physics, Quantum Science Otago (QSO), and Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Niels Kjærgaard
- Department of Physics, Quantum Science Otago (QSO), and Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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13
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Xu X, Martin ZO, Sychev D, Lagutchev AS, Chen YP, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Shalaev VM, Boltasseva A. Creating Quantum Emitters in Hexagonal Boron Nitride Deterministically on Chip-Compatible Substrates. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:8182-8189. [PMID: 34606291 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) that hosts room-temperature single-photon emitters (SPEs) is promising for quantum information applications. An important step toward the practical application of hBN is the on-demand, position-controlled generation of SPEs. Strategies reported for deterministic creation of hBN SPEs either rely on substrate nanopatterning that is not compatible with integrated photonics or utilize radiation sources that might introduce unpredictable damage or contamination to hBN. Here, we report a radiation- and lithography-free route to deterministically activate hBN SPEs by nanoindentation with atomic force microscopy (AFM). The method applies to hBN flakes on flat silicon dioxide-silicon substrates that can be readily integrated into on-chip photonic devices. The achieved SPE yields are above 30% for multiple indent sizes, and a maximum yield of 36% is demonstrated for indents around 400 nm. Our results mark an important step toward the deterministic creation and integration of hBN SPEs with photonic and plasmonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Xu
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Zachariah O Martin
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Demid Sychev
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Alexei S Lagutchev
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Yong P Chen
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Vladimir M Shalaev
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Alexandra Boltasseva
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
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14
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Patti TL, Wild DS, Shahmoon E, Lukin MD, Yelin SF. Controlling Interactions between Quantum Emitters Using Atom Arrays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:223602. [PMID: 34152159 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.223602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the potential for two-dimensional atom arrays to modify the radiation and interaction of individual quantum emitters. Specifically, we demonstrate that control over the emission linewidths, resonant frequency shifts, and local driving field enhancement in impurity atoms is possible due to strong dipole-dipole interactions within ordered, subwavelength atom array configurations. We demonstrate that these effects can be used to dramatically enhance coherent dipole-dipole interactions between distant impurity atoms within an atom array. Possible experimental realizations and potential applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor L Patti
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Dominik S Wild
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Ephraim Shahmoon
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 761001, Israel
| | - Mikhail D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Susanne F Yelin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
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15
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Iversen OA, Pohl T. Strongly Correlated States of Light and Repulsive Photons in Chiral Chains of Three-Level Quantum Emitters. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:083605. [PMID: 33709742 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.083605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We study the correlated transport of photons through a chain of three-level emitters that are coupled chirally to a photonic mode of a waveguide. It is found that this system can transfer a weak classical input into a strongly correlated state of light in a unitary manner. Our analysis reveals two-photon scattering eigenstates, that are akin to Fano resonances or shape resonances in particle collisions and facilitate the emergence of antibunched light with long-range correlations upon crossing a critical length of the chain. By operating close to conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency of the three-level medium, a high degree of antibunching and photon transmission can be maintained in the presence of moderate losses. These features suggest a promising mechanism for single-photon generation and may open the door to exploring correlated quantum many-body states of light with repulsively interacting photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole A Iversen
- Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thomas Pohl
- Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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16
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Masson SJ, Ferrier-Barbut I, Orozco LA, Browaeys A, Asenjo-Garcia A. Many-Body Signatures of Collective Decay in Atomic Chains. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:263601. [PMID: 33449783 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.263601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fully inverted atoms placed at exactly the same location synchronize as they deexcite, and light is emitted in a burst (known as "Dicke's superradiance"). We investigate the role of finite interatomic separation on correlated decay in mesoscopic chains and provide an understanding in terms of collective jump operators. We show that the superradiant burst survives at small distances, despite Hamiltonian dipole-dipole interactions. However, for larger separations, competition between different jump operators leads to dephasing, suppressing superradiance. Collective effects are still significant for arrays with lattice constants of the order of a wavelength, and lead to a photon emission rate that decays nonexponentially in time. We calculate the two-photon correlation function and demonstrate that emission is correlated and directional, as well as sensitive to small changes in the interatomic distance. These features can be measured in current experimental setups, and are robust to realistic imperfections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J Masson
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Igor Ferrier-Barbut
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127 Paris, France
| | - Luis A Orozco
- Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics and NIST, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Antoine Browaeys
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127 Paris, France
| | - Ana Asenjo-Garcia
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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17
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He Y, Ji L, Wang Y, Qiu L, Zhao J, Ma Y, Huang X, Wu S, Chang DE. Geometric Control of Collective Spontaneous Emission. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:213602. [PMID: 33275003 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.213602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dipole spin-wave states of atomic ensembles with wave vector k(ω) mismatched from the dispersion relation of light are difficult to access by far-field excitation but may support rich phenomena beyond the traditional phase-matched scenario in quantum optics. We propose and demonstrate an optical technique to efficiently access these states. In particular, subnanosecond laser pulses shaped by a home-developed wideband modulation method are applied to shift the spin wave in k space with state-dependent geometric phase patterning, in an error-resilient fashion and on timescales much faster than spontaneous emission. We verify this control through the redirection, switch off, and recall of collectively enhanced emission from a ^{87}Rb gas with ∼75% single-step efficiency. Our work represents a first step toward efficient control of electric dipole spin waves for studying many-body dissipative dynamics of excited gases, as well as for numerous quantum optical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizun He
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lingjing Ji
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Liyang Qiu
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yudi Ma
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xing Huang
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Saijun Wu
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Darrick E Chang
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain and ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08015 Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Ballantine KE, Ruostekoski J. Optical Magnetism and Huygens' Surfaces in Arrays of Atoms Induced by Cooperative Responses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:143604. [PMID: 33064535 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.143604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
By utilizing strong optical resonant interactions in arrays of atoms with electric dipole transitions, we show how to synthesize collective optical responses that correspond to those formed by arrays of magnetic dipoles and other multipoles. Optically active magnetism with the strength comparable with that of electric dipole transitions is achieved in collective excitation eigenmodes of the array. By controlling the atomic level shifts, an array of spectrally overlapping, crossed electric and magnetic dipoles can be excited, providing a physical realization of a nearly reflectionless quantum Huygens' surface with the full 2π phase control of the transmitted light that allows for extreme wavefront engineering even at a single photon level. We illustrate this by creating a superposition of two different orbital angular momentum states of light from an ordinary input state that has no orbital angular momentum.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Ballantine
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - J Ruostekoski
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
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19
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Alaee R, Gurlek B, Albooyeh M, Martín-Cano D, Sandoghdar V. Quantum Metamaterials with Magnetic Response at Optical Frequencies. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:063601. [PMID: 32845673 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.063601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We propose novel quantum antennas and metamaterials with a strong magnetic response at optical frequencies. Our design is based on the arrangement of natural quantum emitters with only electric dipole transition moments at distances smaller than a wavelength of light but much larger than their physical size. In particular, we show that an atomic dimer can serve as a magnetic antenna at its antisymmetric mode to enhance the decay rate of a magnetic transition in its vicinity by several orders of magnitude. Furthermore, we study metasurfaces composed of atomic bilayers with and without cavities and show that they can fully reflect the electric and magnetic fields of light, thus, forming nearly perfect electric or magnetic mirrors. The proposed metamaterials will embody the intrinsic quantum functionalities of natural emitters such as atoms, ions, color center, or molecules and can be fabricated with available state-of-the-art technologies, promising several applications both in classical optics and quantum engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Alaee
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen 91058, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Q1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Burak Gurlek
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen 91058, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mohammad Albooyeh
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, California 92617, USA
| | - Diego Martín-Cano
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Vahid Sandoghdar
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen 91058, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
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20
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A subradiant optical mirror formed by a single structured atomic layer. Nature 2020; 583:369-374. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2463-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Glicenstein A, Ferioli G, Šibalić N, Brossard L, Ferrier-Barbut I, Browaeys A. Collective Shift in Resonant Light Scattering by a One-Dimensional Atomic Chain. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:253602. [PMID: 32639788 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.253602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally study resonant light scattering by a one-dimensional randomly filled chain of cold two-level atoms. By a local measurement of the light scattered along the chain, we observe constructive interferences in light-induced dipole-dipole interactions between the atoms. They lead to a shift of the collective resonance despite the average interatomic distance being larger than the wavelength of the light. This result demonstrates that strong collective effects can be enhanced by structuring the geometrical arrangement of the ensemble. We also explore the high intensity regime where atoms cannot be described classically. We compare our measurement to a mean-field, nonlinear coupled-dipole model accounting for the saturation of the response of a single atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Glicenstein
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127 Palaiseau, France
| | - Giovanni Ferioli
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127 Palaiseau, France
| | - Nikola Šibalić
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127 Palaiseau, France
| | - Ludovic Brossard
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127 Palaiseau, France
| | - Igor Ferrier-Barbut
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127 Palaiseau, France
| | - Antoine Browaeys
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127 Palaiseau, France
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22
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Yoo SM, Javanainen J. Light reflection and transmission in planar lattices of cold atoms. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:9764-9776. [PMID: 32225577 DOI: 10.1364/oe.389570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation of light using atoms plays a fundamental and important role in emerging technologies such as integrated photonics, information storage, and quantum sensors. Specifically, there have been intense theoretical efforts involving large samples of cold neutral atoms for coherent control of light. Here we present a theoretical scheme that enables efficient computation of collective optical responses of mono- and bi-layer planar square lattices of dense, cold two-level atoms using classical electrodynamics of coupled dipoles in the limit of low laser intensity. The steady-state transmissivity and reflectivity are obtained at a field point far away from the atomic lattices in the regime with no Bragg reflection. While our earlier method was based on exact solution of the electrodynamics for a small-scale lattice, here we calculate the dipole moments assuming that they are the same at all lattice sites, as for an infinite lattice. Atomic lattices with effectively over one hundred times more sites than in our earlier exact computations can then be simulated numerically with fewer computational resources. We have implemented an automatic selection of the number of sites under the given convergence criteria. We compare the numerical results from both computational schemes. We also find similarities and differences of a stack of two atomic lattices from a two-atom sample. Such aspects may be exploited to engineer a stack for potential applications.
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23
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Schilder NJ, Sauvan C, Sortais YRP, Browaeys A, Greffet JJ. Near-Resonant Light Scattering by a Subwavelength Ensemble of Identical Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:073403. [PMID: 32142324 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.073403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We study theoretically the scattering of light by an ensemble of N resonant atoms in a subwavelength volume. We consider the low intensity regime so that each atom responds linearly to the field. While N noninteracting atoms would scatter N^{2} more than a single atom, we find that N interacting atoms scatter less than a single atom near resonance. In addition, the scattered power presents strong fluctuations, either from one realization to another or when varying the excitation frequency. We analyze this counterintuitive behavior in terms of collective modes resulting from the light-induced dipole-dipole interactions. We find that for small samples and sufficiently large atom number, their properties are governed only by their volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Schilder
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, F-91127 Palaiseau, France
| | - C Sauvan
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, F-91127 Palaiseau, France
| | - Y R P Sortais
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, F-91127 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Browaeys
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, F-91127 Palaiseau, France
| | - J-J Greffet
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, F-91127 Palaiseau, France
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24
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Manjavacas A, Zundel L, Sanders S. Analysis of the Limits of the Near-Field Produced by Nanoparticle Arrays. ACS NANO 2019; 13:10682-10693. [PMID: 31487460 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b05031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Periodic arrays are an exceptionally interesting arrangement for metallic nanostructures because of their ability to support collective lattice resonances. These modes, which arise from the coherent multiple scattering enabled by the lattice periodicity, give rise to very strong and spectrally narrow optical responses. Here, we investigate the enhancement of the near-field produced by the lattice resonances of arrays of metallic nanoparticles when illuminated with a plane wave. We find that, for infinite arrays, this enhancement can be made arbitrarily large by appropriately designing the geometrical characteristics of the array. On the other hand, in the case of finite arrays, the near-field enhancement is limited by the number of elements of the array that interact coherently. Furthermore, we show that, as the near-field enhancement increases, the length scale over which it extends above and below the array becomes larger and its spectral linewidth narrows. We also analyze the impact that material losses have on these behaviors. As a direct application of our results, we investigate the interaction between a nanoparticle array and a dielectric slab placed a certain distance above it and show that the extraordinary near-field enhancement produced by the lattice resonance can lead to very strong interactions, even at significantly large separations. This work provides a detailed characterization of the limits of the near-field produced by lattice resonances and, therefore, advances our knowledge of the optical response of periodic arrays of nanostructures, which can be used to design and develop applications exploiting the extraordinary properties of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Manjavacas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
| | - Lauren Zundel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
| | - Stephen Sanders
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
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25
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Černotík O, Dantan A, Genes C. Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics with Frequency-Dependent Reflectors. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:243601. [PMID: 31322406 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.243601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a general framework for cavity quantum electrodynamics with strongly frequency-dependent mirrors. The method is applicable to a variety of reflectors exhibiting sharp internal resonances as can be realized, for example, with photonic-crystal mirrors or with two-dimensional atomic arrays around subradiant points. Our approach is based on a modification of the standard input-output formalism to explicitly include the dynamics of the mirror's internal resonance. We show how to directly extract the interaction parameters from the comparison with classical transfer matrix theory and how to treat the non-Markovian dynamics of the cavity field mode introduced by the mirror's internal resonance. As an application within optomechanics, we illustrate how a non-Markovian Fano-resonance cavity with a flexible photonic-crystal mirror can provide both sideband resolution as well as strong heating suppression in optomechanical cooling. This approach, amenable to a wide range of systems, opens up possibilities for using hybrid frequency-dependent reflectors in cavity quantum electrodynamics for engineering novel forms of light-matter interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Černotík
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstraße 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aurélien Dantan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Claudiu Genes
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstraße 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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26
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Guimond PO, Grankin A, Vasilyev DV, Vermersch B, Zoller P. Subradiant Bell States in Distant Atomic Arrays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:093601. [PMID: 30932531 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.093601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We study collective "free-space" radiation properties of two distant single-layer arrays of quantum emitters as two-level atoms. We show that this system can support a long-lived Bell superposition state of atomic excitations exhibiting strong subradiance, which corresponds to a nonlocal excitation of the two arrays. We describe the preparation of these states and their application in quantum information as a resource of nonlocal entanglement, including deterministic quantum state transfer with high fidelity between the arrays representing quantum memories. We discuss experimental realizations using cold atoms in optical trap arrays with subwavelength spacing, and analyze the role of imperfections.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-O Guimond
- Center for Quantum Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria and Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - A Grankin
- Center for Quantum Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria and Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - D V Vasilyev
- Center for Quantum Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria and Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - B Vermersch
- Center for Quantum Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria and Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - P Zoller
- Center for Quantum Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria and Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
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27
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Mkhitaryan V, Meng L, Marini A, de Abajo FJG. Lasing and Amplification from Two-Dimensional Atom Arrays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:163602. [PMID: 30387662 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.163602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We explore the ability of two-dimensional periodic atom arrays to produce light amplification and generate laser emission when gain is introduced through external optical pumping. Specifically, we predict that lasing can take place for arbitrarily weak atomic scatterers assisted by cooperative interaction among atoms in a 2D lattice. We base this conclusion on analytical theory for three-level scatterers, which additionally reveals a rich interplay between lattice and atomic resonances. Our results provide a general background to understand light amplification and lasing in periodic atomic arrays, with promising applications in the generation, manipulation, and control of coherent photon states at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahagn Mkhitaryan
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Lijun Meng
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Andrea Marini
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - F Javier García de Abajo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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28
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Wild DS, Shahmoon E, Yelin SF, Lukin MD. Quantum Nonlinear Optics in Atomically Thin Materials. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:123606. [PMID: 30296123 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.123606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We show that a nonlinear optical response associated with a resonant, atomically thin material can be dramatically enhanced by placing it in front of a partially reflecting mirror, rendering otherwise weakly nonlinear systems suitable for experiments and applications involving quantum nonlinear optics. Our approach exploits the nonlinear response of long-lived polariton resonances that arise at particular distances between the material and the mirror. The scheme is entirely based on free-space optics, eliminating the need for cavities or complex nanophotonic structures. We analyze a specific implementation based on exciton-polariton resonances in two-dimensional semiconductors and discuss the role of imperfections and loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik S Wild
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Ephraim Shahmoon
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Susanne F Yelin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Mikhail D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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29
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Peyrot T, Sortais YRP, Browaeys A, Sargsyan A, Sarkisyan D, Keaveney J, Hughes IG, Adams CS. Collective Lamb Shift of a Nanoscale Atomic Vapor Layer within a Sapphire Cavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:243401. [PMID: 29956978 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.243401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We measure the near-resonant transmission of light through a dense medium of potassium vapor confined in a cell with nanometer thickness in order to investigate the origin and validity of the collective Lamb shift. A complete model including the multiple reflections in the nanocell reproduces accurately the observed line shape. It allows the extraction of a density-dependent shift and width of the bulk atomic medium resonance, deconvolved from the cavity effect. We observe an additional, unexpected dependence of the shift with the thickness of the medium. This extra dependence demands further experimental and theoretical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Peyrot
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91127 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Y R P Sortais
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91127 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - A Browaeys
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91127 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - A Sargsyan
- Institute for Physical Research, National Academy of Sciences, Ashtarak 2, 0203, Armenia
| | - D Sarkisyan
- Institute for Physical Research, National Academy of Sciences, Ashtarak 2, 0203, Armenia
| | - J Keaveney
- Department of Physics, Rochester Building, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - I G Hughes
- Department of Physics, Rochester Building, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - C S Adams
- Department of Physics, Rochester Building, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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30
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31
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Abstract
Plasmon hybridization, the electromagnetic analog of molecular orbital theory, provides a simple and intuitive method to describe the plasmonic response of complex nanostructures from the combination of the responses of their individual constituents. Here, we follow this approach to investigate the optical properties of periodic arrays of plasmonic nanoparticles with multiparticle unit cells. These systems support strong collective lattice resonances, arising from the coherent multiple scattering enabled by the lattice periodicity. Due to the extended nature of these modes, the interaction between them is very different from that among localized surface plasmons supported by individual nanoparticles. This leads to a much richer hybridization scenario, which we exploit here to design periodic arrays with engineered properties. These include arrays with two-particle unit cells, in which the interaction between the individual lattice resonances can be canceled or maximized by controlling the relative position of the particles within the unit cell, as well as arrays whose response can be made either invariant to the polarization of the incident light or strongly dependent on it. Moreover, we explore systems with three- and four-particle unit cells and show that they can be designed to support lattice resonances with complex hybridization patterns in which different groups of particles in the unit cell can be selectively excited. The results of this work serve to advance our understanding of periodic arrays of nanostructures and provide a methodology to design periodic structures with engineered properties for applications in nanophotonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Baur
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Stephen Sanders
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Alejandro Manjavacas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
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Prasanna Venkatesh B, Juan ML, Romero-Isart O. Cooperative Effects in Closely Packed Quantum Emitters with Collective Dephasing. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:033602. [PMID: 29400532 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.033602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In a closely packed ensemble of quantum emitters, cooperative effects are typically suppressed due to the dephasing induced by the dipole-dipole interactions. Here, we show that by adding sufficiently strong collective dephasing, cooperative effects can be restored. Specifically, we show that the dipole force on a closely packed ensemble of strongly driven two-level quantum emitters, which collectively dephase, is enhanced in comparison to the dipole force on an independent noninteracting ensemble. Our results are relevant to solid-state systems with embedded quantum emitters such as color centers in diamond and superconducting qubits in microwave cavities and waveguides.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Prasanna Venkatesh
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M L Juan
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute for Experimental Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - O Romero-Isart
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Back P, Zeytinoglu S, Ijaz A, Kroner M, Imamoğlu A. Realization of an Electrically Tunable Narrow-Bandwidth Atomically Thin Mirror Using Monolayer MoSe_{2}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:037401. [PMID: 29400509 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.037401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The advent of two-dimensional semiconductors, such as van der Waals heterostructures, propels new research directions in condensed matter physics and enables development of novel devices with unique functionalities. Here, we show experimentally that a monolayer of MoSe_{2} embedded in a charge controlled heterostructure can be used to realize an electrically tunable atomically thin mirror, which effects 87% extinction of an incident field that is resonant with its exciton transition. The corresponding maximum reflection coefficient of 41% is only limited by the ratio of the radiative decay rate to the nonradiative linewidth of exciton transition and is independent of incident light intensity up to 400 W/cm^{2}. We demonstrate that the reflectivity of the mirror can be drastically modified by applying a gate voltage that modifies the monolayer charge density. Our findings could find applications ranging from fast programable spatial light modulators to suspended ultralight mirrors for optomechanical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Back
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sina Zeytinoglu
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aroosa Ijaz
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Kroner
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Atac Imamoğlu
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Scuri G, Zhou Y, High AA, Wild DS, Shu C, De Greve K, Jauregui LA, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Kim P, Lukin MD, Park H. Large Excitonic Reflectivity of Monolayer MoSe_{2} Encapsulated in Hexagonal Boron Nitride. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:037402. [PMID: 29400519 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.037402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that a single layer of MoSe_{2} encapsulated by hexagonal boron nitride can act as an electrically switchable mirror at cryogenic temperatures, reflecting up to 85% of incident light at the excitonic resonance. This high reflectance is a direct consequence of the excellent coherence properties of excitons in this atomically thin semiconductor. We show that the MoSe_{2} monolayer exhibits power-and wavelength-dependent nonlinearities that stem from exciton-based lattice heating in the case of continuous-wave excitation and exciton-exciton interactions when fast, pulsed laser excitation is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Scuri
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - You Zhou
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Alexander A High
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Dominik S Wild
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Chi Shu
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Kristiaan De Greve
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Luis A Jauregui
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Philip Kim
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Mikhail D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Hongkun Park
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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35
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Manzoni MT, Moreno-Cardoner M, Asenjo-Garcia A, Porto JV, Gorshkov AV, Chang DE. Optimization of photon storage fidelity in ordered atomic arrays. NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS 2018; 20:10.1088/1367-2630/aadb74. [PMID: 31555054 PMCID: PMC6760042 DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/aadb74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A major application for atomic ensembles consists of a quantum memory for light, in which an optical state can be reversibly converted to a collective atomic excitation on demand. There exists a well-known fundamental bound on the storage error, when the ensemble is describable by a continuous medium governed by the Maxwell-Bloch equations. However, these equations are semi-phenomenological, as they treat emission of the atoms into other directions other than the mode of interest as being independent. On the other hand, in systems such as dense, ordered atomic arrays, atoms interact with each other strongly and spatial interference of the emitted light might be exploited to suppress emission into unwanted directions, thereby enabling improved error bounds. Here, we develop a general formalism that fully accounts for spatial interference, and which finds the maximum storage efficiency for a single photon with known spatial input mode into a collection of atoms with discrete, known positions. As an example, we apply this technique to study a finite two-dimensional square array of atoms. We show that such a system enables a storage error that scales with atom number N a like ∼ ( log N a ) 2 ∕ N a 2 , and that, remarkably, an array of just 4 × 4 atoms in principle allows for an error of less than 1%, which is comparable to a disordered ensemble with an optical depth of around 600.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Manzoni
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, E-08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - M Moreno-Cardoner
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, E-08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - A Asenjo-Garcia
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, E-08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
- Norman Bridge Laboratory of Physics MC12-33, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States of America
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125, United States of America
| | - J V Porto
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States of America
| | - A V Gorshkov
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States of America
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States of America
| | - D E Chang
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, E-08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
- ICREA—Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, E-08015 Barcelona, Spain
- Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed
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36
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Plankensteiner D, Sommer C, Ritsch H, Genes C. Cavity Antiresonance Spectroscopy of Dipole Coupled Subradiant Arrays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:093601. [PMID: 28949558 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.093601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
An array of N closely spaced dipole coupled quantum emitters exhibits super- and subradiance with characteristic tailorable spatial radiation patterns. Optimizing the emitter geometry and distance with respect to the spatial profile of a near resonant optical cavity mode allows us to increase the ratio between light scattering into the cavity mode and free space emission by several orders of magnitude. This leads to distinct scaling of the collective coherent emitter-field coupling vs the free space decay as a function of the emitter number. In particular, for subradiant states, the effective cooperativity increases much faster than the typical linear ∝N scaling for independent emitters. This extraordinary collective enhancement is manifested both in the amplitude and the phase profile of narrow collective antiresonances appearing at the cavity output port in transmission spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Plankensteiner
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 21a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Sommer
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstraße 2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Helmut Ritsch
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 21a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Claudiu Genes
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstraße 2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
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37
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Wang BX, Zhao CY, Kan YH, Huang TC. Design of metasurface polarizers based on two-dimensional cold atomic arrays. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:18760-18773. [PMID: 29041070 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.018760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Engineering light-matter interaction using cold atomic arrays is one of the central topics in modern optics. Here we have demonstrated the capability of two-dimensional asymmetric cold atomic arrays as microscopic metasurfaces for controlling polarization states of light. The designed linear polarizer can lead to an extinction ratio over 20dB as well as a high transmittance over 0.8 for the permitted polarization at zero detuning. For detuned driving light, changing lattice constants can also achieve high performance linear polarizers. We have also accomplished a circular polarizer by manipulating the phases of transmitted light. A theoretical analysis based on Bloch theorem shows the underlying mechanism for this performance is actually attributed to cooperative effects in periodic lattices. Finally, we discuss in detail the effects of system size, lattice imperfection and nonzero driving light linewidth in practical implementation. The present study paves a way to design extremely miniaturized metasurfaces using cold atoms and other two-level systems, showing great potential in quantum information and quantum metrology sciences as well as the fundamental physics of light-matter interaction.
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38
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Shahmoon E, Wild DS, Lukin MD, Yelin SF. Cooperative Resonances in Light Scattering from Two-Dimensional Atomic Arrays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:113601. [PMID: 28368620 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.113601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We consider light scattering off a two-dimensional (2D) dipolar array and show how it can be tailored by properly choosing the lattice constant of the order of the incident wavelength. In particular, we demonstrate that such arrays can operate as a nearly perfect mirror for a wide range of incident angles and frequencies, and shape the emission pattern from an individual quantum emitter into a well-defined, collimated beam. These results can be understood in terms of the cooperative resonances of the surface modes supported by the 2D array. Experimental realizations are discussed, using ultracold arrays of trapped atoms and excitons in 2D semiconductor materials, as well as potential applications ranging from atomically thin metasurfaces to single photon nonlinear optics and nanomechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ephraim Shahmoon
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Dominik S Wild
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Mikhail D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Susanne F Yelin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
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39
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Facchinetti G, Jenkins SD, Ruostekoski J. Storing Light with Subradiant Correlations in Arrays of Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:243601. [PMID: 28009199 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.243601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We show how strong light-mediated resonant dipole-dipole interactions between atoms can be utilized in a control and storage of light. The method is based on a high-fidelity preparation of a collective atomic excitation in a single correlated subradiant eigenmode in a lattice. We demonstrate how a simple phenomenological model captures the qualitative features of the dynamics and sharp transmission resonances that may find applications in sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Facchinetti
- Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
- École Normale Supérieure de Cachan, 61 avenue du Président Wilson, 94235 Cachan, France
| | - S D Jenkins
- Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - J Ruostekoski
- Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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40
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Ruostekoski J, Javanainen J. Emergence of correlated optics in one-dimensional waveguides for classical and quantum atomic gases. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:143602. [PMID: 27740794 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.143602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We analyze the emergence of correlated optical phenomena in the transmission of light through a waveguide that confines classical or ultracold quantum degenerate atomic ensembles. The conditions of the correlated collective response are identified in terms of atom density, thermal broadening, and photon losses by using stochastic Monte Carlo simulations and transfer matrix methods of transport theory. We also calculate the "cooperative Lamb shift" for the waveguide transmission resonance, and discuss line shifts that are specific to effectively one-dimensional waveguide systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne Ruostekoski
- Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Juha Javanainen
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3046
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