1
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Shen R, Chen T, Aliyu MM, Qin F, Zhong Y, Loh H, Lee CH. Proposal for Observing Yang-Lee Criticality in Rydberg Atomic Arrays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:080403. [PMID: 37683169 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.080403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Yang-Lee edge singularities (YLES) are the edges of the partition function zeros of an interacting spin model in the space of complex control parameters. They play an important role in understanding non-Hermitian phase transitions in many-body physics, as well as characterizing the corresponding nonunitary criticality. Even though such partition function zeroes have been measured in dynamical experiments where time acts as the imaginary control field, experimentally demonstrating such YLES criticality with a physical imaginary field has remained elusive due to the difficulty of physically realizing non-Hermitian many-body models. We provide a protocol for observing the YLES by detecting kinked dynamical magnetization responses due to broken PT symmetry, thus enabling the physical probing of nonunitary phase transitions in nonequilibrium settings. In particular, scaling analyses based on our nonunitary time evolution circuit with matrix product states accurately recover the exponents uniquely associated with the corresponding nonunitary CFT. We provide an explicit proposal for observing YLES criticality in Floquet quenched Rydberg atomic arrays with laser-induced loss, which paves the way towards a universal platform for simulating non-Hermitian many-body dynamical phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhe Shen
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117551, Singapore
| | - Tianqi Chen
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Mohammad Mujahid Aliyu
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 117543 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fang Qin
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117551, Singapore
| | - Yin Zhong
- School of Physical Science and Technology and Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the MoE, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Huanqian Loh
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117551, Singapore
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 117543 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ching Hua Lee
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117551, Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
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2
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Hines JA, Rajagopal SV, Moreau GL, Wahrman MD, Lewis NA, Marković O, Schleier-Smith M. Spin Squeezing by Rydberg Dressing in an Array of Atomic Ensembles. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:063401. [PMID: 37625064 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.063401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
We report on the creation of an array of spin-squeezed ensembles of cesium atoms via Rydberg dressing, a technique that offers optical control over local interactions between neutral atoms. We optimize the coherence of the interactions by a stroboscopic dressing sequence that suppresses super-Poissonian loss. We thereby prepare squeezed states of N=200 atoms with a metrological squeezing parameter ξ^{2}=0.77(9) quantifying the reduction in phase variance below the standard quantum limit. We realize metrological gain across three spatially separated ensembles in parallel, with the strength of squeezing controlled by the local intensity of the dressing light. Our method can be applied to enhance the precision of tests of fundamental physics based on arrays of atomic clocks and to enable quantum-enhanced imaging of electromagnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Hines
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | | | - Gabriel L Moreau
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Michael D Wahrman
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Neomi A Lewis
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Ognjen Marković
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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3
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Khazali M, Lechner W. Scalable quantum processors empowered by the Fermi scattering of Rydberg electrons. COMMUNICATIONS PHYSICS 2023; 6:57. [PMID: 38665413 PMCID: PMC11041703 DOI: 10.1038/s42005-023-01174-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Quantum computing promises exponential speed-up compared to its classical counterpart. While the neutral atom processors are the pioneering platform in terms of scalability, the dipolar Rydberg gates impose the main bottlenecks on the scaling of these devices. This article presents an alternative scheme for neutral atom quantum processing, based on the Fermi scattering of a Rydberg electron from ground-state atoms in spin-dependent lattice geometries. Instead of relying on Rydberg pair-potentials, the interaction is controlled by engineering the electron cloud of a sole Rydberg atom. The present scheme addresses the scaling obstacles in Rydberg processors by exponentially suppressing the population of short-lived states and by operating in ultra-dense atomic lattices. The restoring forces in molecule type Rydberg-Fermi potential preserve the trapping over a long interaction period. Furthermore, the proposed scheme mitigates different competing infidelity criteria, eliminates unwanted cross-talks, and significantly suppresses the operation depth in running complicated quantum algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadsadegh Khazali
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- School of Physics, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, 19395-5531 Iran
- Department of Physics, University of Tehran, 14395-547 Tehran, Iran
| | - Wolfgang Lechner
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Parity Quantum Computing GmbH, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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4
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Chomaz L, Ferrier-Barbut I, Ferlaino F, Laburthe-Tolra B, Lev BL, Pfau T. Dipolar physics: a review of experiments with magnetic quantum gases. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 86:026401. [PMID: 36583342 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aca814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Since the achievement of quantum degeneracy in gases of chromium atoms in 2004, the experimental investigation of ultracold gases made of highly magnetic atoms has blossomed. The field has yielded the observation of many unprecedented phenomena, in particular those in which long-range and anisotropic dipole-dipole interactions (DDIs) play a crucial role. In this review, we aim to present the aspects of the magnetic quantum-gas platform that make it unique for exploring ultracold and quantum physics as well as to give a thorough overview of experimental achievements. Highly magnetic atoms distinguish themselves by the fact that their electronic ground-state configuration possesses a large electronic total angular momentum. This results in a large magnetic moment and a rich electronic transition spectrum. Such transitions are useful for cooling, trapping, and manipulating these atoms. The complex atomic structure and large dipolar moments of these atoms also lead to a dense spectrum of resonances in their two-body scattering behaviour. These resonances can be used to control the interatomic interactions and, in particular, the relative importance of contact over dipolar interactions. These features provide exquisite control knobs for exploring the few- and many-body physics of dipolar quantum gases. The study of dipolar effects in magnetic quantum gases has covered various few-body phenomena that are based on elastic and inelastic anisotropic scattering. Various many-body effects have also been demonstrated. These affect both the shape, stability, dynamics, and excitations of fully polarised repulsive Bose or Fermi gases. Beyond the mean-field instability, strong dipolar interactions competing with slightly weaker contact interactions between magnetic bosons yield new quantum-stabilised states, among which are self-bound droplets, droplet assemblies, and supersolids. Dipolar interactions also deeply affect the physics of atomic gases with an internal degree of freedom as these interactions intrinsically couple spin and atomic motion. Finally, long-range dipolar interactions can stabilise strongly correlated excited states of 1D gases and also impact the physics of lattice-confined systems, both at the spin-polarised level (Hubbard models with off-site interactions) and at the spinful level (XYZ models). In the present manuscript, we aim to provide an extensive overview of the various related experimental achievements up to the present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauriane Chomaz
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Physikalisches Institut der Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Igor Ferrier-Barbut
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127 Palaiseau, France
| | - Francesca Ferlaino
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bruno Laburthe-Tolra
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France
- CNRS, UMR 7538, LPL, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France
| | - Benjamin L Lev
- Departments of Physics and Applied Physics and Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
| | - Tilman Pfau
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
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5
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Wu Y, Kolkowitz S, Puri S, Thompson JD. Erasure conversion for fault-tolerant quantum computing in alkaline earth Rydberg atom arrays. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4657. [PMID: 35945218 PMCID: PMC9363413 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32094-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Executing quantum algorithms on error-corrected logical qubits is a critical step for scalable quantum computing, but the requisite numbers of qubits and physical error rates are demanding for current experimental hardware. Recently, the development of error correcting codes tailored to particular physical noise models has helped relax these requirements. In this work, we propose a qubit encoding and gate protocol for 171Yb neutral atom qubits that converts the dominant physical errors into erasures, that is, errors in known locations. The key idea is to encode qubits in a metastable electronic level, such that gate errors predominantly result in transitions to disjoint subspaces whose populations can be continuously monitored via fluorescence. We estimate that 98% of errors can be converted into erasures. We quantify the benefit of this approach via circuit-level simulations of the surface code, finding a threshold increase from 0.937% to 4.15%. We also observe a larger code distance near the threshold, leading to a faster decrease in the logical error rate for the same number of physical qubits, which is important for near-term implementations. Erasure conversion should benefit any error correcting code, and may also be applied to design new gates and encodings in other qubit platforms. In quantum computing, realistic error models can allow tailored correction schemes for specific platforms. Here, while considering the case of qubits encoded in metastable electronic levels of atomic arrays, the authors propose a way to convert a large fraction of occurring errors into detectable leakages, or erasure errors, which are vastly easier to correct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Shimon Kolkowitz
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Shruti Puri
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Jeff D Thompson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
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6
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Lin J, He J, Jin M, Chen G, Wang D. Seconds-Scale Coherence on Nuclear Spin Transitions of Ultracold Polar Molecules in 3D Optical Lattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:223201. [PMID: 35714238 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.223201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ultracold polar molecules (UPMs) are emerging as a novel and powerful platform for fundamental applications in quantum science. Here, we report characterization of the coherence between nuclear spin levels of ultracold ground-state sodium-rubidium molecules loaded into a 3D optical lattice with a nearly photon scattering limited trapping lifetime of 9(1) seconds. After identifying and compensating the main sources of decoherence, we achieve a maximum nuclear spin coherence time of T_{2}^{*}=3.3(6) s with two-photon Ramsey spectroscopy. Furthermore, based on the understanding of the main factor limiting the coherence of the two-photon Rabi transition, we obtain a Rabi line shape with linewidth below 0.8 Hz. The simultaneous realization of long lifetime and coherence time, and ultrahigh spectroscopic resolution in our system unveils the great potentials of Ultracold polar molecules in quantum simulation, computation, and metrology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Lin
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junyu He
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mucan Jin
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guanghua Chen
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dajun Wang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
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7
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Wang R, Sous J, Aghigh M, MarroquÃn KL, Grant KM, Martins FBV, Keller JS, Grant ER. mm-wave Rydberg-Rydberg transitions gauge intermolecular coupling in a molecular ultracold plasma. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:064305. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0083684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Out-of-equilibrium, strong correlation in a many-body system can trigger emergent properties that act to constrain the natural dissipation of energy and matter. Signs of such self-organization appear in the avalanche, bifurcation, and quench of a state-selected Rydberg gas of nitric oxide to form an ultracold, strongly correlated ultracold plasma. Work reported here focuses on initial stages of avalanche and quench, and uses the mm-wave spectroscopy of an embedded quantum probe to characterize the intermolecular interaction dynamics associated with the evolution to plasma. Double-resonance excitation prepares a Rydberg gas of nitric oxide composed of a single selected state of principal quantum number, n0. Penning ionization, followed by an avalanche of electron-Rydberg collisions, forms a plasma of NO+ ions and weakly bound electrons, in which a residual population of n0 Rydberg molecules evolves to a state of high orbital angular momentum, l. Predissociation depletes the plasma of low- l molecules. Relaxation ceases and n0l(2) molecules with l {greater than or equal to} 4 persist for very long times. At short times, varying excitation spectra of mm-wave Rydberg-Rydberg transitions mark the rate of electron-collisional l-mixing. Deep depletion resonances that persist for long times signal energy redistribution in the basis of central-field Rydberg states. The widths and asymmetries of Fano lineshapes witness the degree to which coupling in the arrested bath i) broadens the allowed transition and ii) mixes the local network of levels in the ensemble.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxi Wang
- The University of British Columbia Department of Chemistry, Canada
| | - John Sous
- Columbia University Department of Physics, United States of America
| | - Mahyad Aghigh
- The University of British Columbia Department of Chemistry, Canada
| | | | - Kiara M. Grant
- The University of British Columbia Department of Chemistry, Canada
| | | | - James S. Keller
- Kenyon College Department of Chemistry, United States of America
| | - Edward R. Grant
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia Department of Chemistry, Canada
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8
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Masson SJ, Asenjo-Garcia A. Universality of Dicke superradiance in arrays of quantum emitters. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2285. [PMID: 35477714 PMCID: PMC9046277 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29805-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dicke superradiance is an example of emergence of macroscopic quantum coherence via correlated dissipation. Starting from an initially incoherent state, a collection of excited atoms synchronizes as they decay, generating a macroscopic dipole moment and emitting a short and intense pulse of light. While well understood in cavities, superradiance remains an open problem in extended systems due to the exponential growth of complexity with atom number. Here we show that Dicke superradiance is a universal phenomenon in ordered arrays. We present a theoretical framework – which circumvents the exponential complexity of the problem – that allows us to predict the critical distance beyond which Dicke superradiance disappears. This critical distance is highly dependent on the dimensionality and atom number. Our predictions can be tested in state of the art experiments with arrays of neutral atoms, molecules, and solid-state emitters and pave the way towards understanding the role of many-body decay in quantum simulation, metrology, and lasing. Dicke superradiance is an important collective quantum phenomenon, but its analysis is hindered by the exponential growth of the state space with atom number. Here, the authors develop a theoretical framework that overcomes this, and predict a critical distance below which superradiant decay can be observed in large ordered arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J Masson
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, United States.
| | - Ana Asenjo-Garcia
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, United States.
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9
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Hollerith S, Srakaew K, Wei D, Rubio-Abadal A, Adler D, Weckesser P, Kruckenhauser A, Walther V, van Bijnen R, Rui J, Gross C, Bloch I, Zeiher J. Realizing Distance-Selective Interactions in a Rydberg-Dressed Atom Array. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:113602. [PMID: 35363010 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.113602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Measurement-based quantum computing relies on the rapid creation of large-scale entanglement in a register of stable qubits. Atomic arrays are well suited to store quantum information, and entanglement can be created using highly-excited Rydberg states. Typically, isolating pairs during gate operation is difficult because Rydberg interactions feature long tails at large distances. Here, we engineer distance-selective interactions that are strongly peaked in distance through off-resonant laser coupling of molecular potentials between Rydberg atom pairs. Employing quantum gas microscopy, we verify the dressed interactions by observing correlated phase evolution using many-body Ramsey interferometry. We identify atom loss and coupling to continuum modes as a limitation of our present scheme and outline paths to mitigate these effects, paving the way towards the creation of large-scale entanglement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Hollerith
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Kritsana Srakaew
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - David Wei
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Antonio Rubio-Abadal
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Adler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 Munich, Germany
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Pascal Weckesser
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Kruckenhauser
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciencies, Innsbruck, Austria
- Center of Quantum Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Valentin Walther
- ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Rick van Bijnen
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciencies, Innsbruck, Austria
- Center of Quantum Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jun Rui
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 Munich, Germany
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Christian Gross
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 Munich, Germany
- Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Immanuel Bloch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 Munich, Germany
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Johannes Zeiher
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 Munich, Germany
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10
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Minář J, van Voorden B, Schoutens K. Kink Dynamics and Quantum Simulation of Supersymmetric Lattice Hamiltonians. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:050504. [PMID: 35179932 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.050504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We propose a quantum simulation of a supersymmetric lattice model using atoms trapped in a 1D configuration and interacting through a Rydberg dressed potential. The elementary excitations in the model are kinks or (in a sector with one extra particle) their superpartners-the skinks. The two are connected by supersymmetry and display identical quantum dynamics. We provide an analytical description of the kink (skink) quench dynamics and propose a protocol to prepare and detect these excitations in the quantum simulator. We make a detailed analysis, based on numerical simulation, of the Rydberg atom simulator and show that it accurately tracks the dynamics of the supersymmetric model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Minář
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
- QuSoft, Science Park 123, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bart van Voorden
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kareljan Schoutens
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
- QuSoft, Science Park 123, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
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11
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Young JT, Bienias P, Belyansky R, Kaufman AM, Gorshkov AV. Asymmetric Blockade and Multiqubit Gates via Dipole-Dipole Interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:120501. [PMID: 34597076 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.120501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Because of their strong and tunable interactions, Rydberg atoms can be used to realize fast two-qubit entangling gates. We propose a generalization of a generic two-qubit Rydberg-blockade gate to multiqubit Rydberg-blockade gates that involve both many control qubits and many target qubits simultaneously. This is achieved by using strong microwave fields to dress nearby Rydberg states, leading to asymmetric blockade in which control-target interactions are much stronger than control-control and target-target interactions. The implementation of these multiqubit gates can drastically simplify both quantum algorithms and state preparation. To illustrate this, we show that a 25-atom Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state can be created using only three gates with an error of 5.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy T Young
- JILA, University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
| | - Przemyslaw Bienias
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
| | - Ron Belyansky
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
| | - Adam M Kaufman
- JILA, University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Alexey V Gorshkov
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
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12
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Geppert P, Althön M, Fichtner D, Ott H. Diffusive-like redistribution in state-changing collisions between Rydberg atoms and ground state atoms. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3900. [PMID: 34162846 PMCID: PMC8222215 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24146-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring the dynamics of inelastic and reactive collisions on the quantum level is a fundamental goal in quantum chemistry. Such collisions are of particular importance in connection with Rydberg atoms in dense environments since they may considerably influence both the lifetime and the quantum state of the scattered Rydberg atoms. Here, we report on the study of state-changing collisions between Rydberg atoms and ground state atoms. We employ high-resolution momentum spectroscopy to identify the final states. In contrast to previous studies, we find that the outcome of such collisions is not limited to a single hydrogenic manifold. We observe a redistribution of population over a wide range of final states. We also find that even the decay to states with the same angular momentum quantum number as the initial state, but different principal quantum number is possible. We model the underlying physical process in the framework of a short-lived Rydberg quasi-molecular complex, where a charge exchange process gives rise to an oscillating electric field that causes transitions within the Rydberg manifold. The distribution of final states shows a diffusive-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Geppert
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Max Althön
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Daniel Fichtner
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Herwig Ott
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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13
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Yin HD, Shao XQ. Gaussian soft control-based quantum fan-out gate in ground-state manifolds of neutral atoms. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:2541-2544. [PMID: 33988630 DOI: 10.1364/ol.424469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We propose a reliable scheme for one-step synthesizing of a quantum fan-out gate in a system of neutral atoms. By introducing the off-resonant driving fields with Gaussian temporal modulation, the dynamics of the system is strictly restricted to the ground-state subspace on the basis of unconventional Rydberg pumping, which exhibits more robustness than the constant driving method against the fluctuation of system parameters, such as operating time and environment noise. As a direct application of this quantum fan-out gate, we discuss in detail the preparation of multipartite Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state for neutral atoms. The result shows that a high fidelity better than 99% can be obtained within the state-of-the-art experiments.
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14
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Guardado-Sanchez E, Spar BM, Schauss P, Belyansky R, Young JT, Bienias P, Gorshkov AV, Iadecola T, Bakr WS. Quench Dynamics of a Fermi Gas with Strong Nonlocal Interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. X 2021; 11:10.1103/physrevx.11.021036. [PMID: 36451802 PMCID: PMC9706409 DOI: 10.1103/physrevx.11.021036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We induce strong nonlocal interactions in a 2D Fermi gas in an optical lattice using Rydberg dressing. The system is approximately described by a t - V model on a square lattice where the fermions experience isotropic nearest-neighbor interactions and are free to hop only along one direction. We measure the interactions using many-body Ramsey interferometry and study the lifetime of the gas in the presence of tunneling, finding that tunneling does not reduce the lifetime. To probe the interplay of nonlocal interactions with tunneling, we investigate the short-time-relaxation dynamics of charge-density waves in the gas. We find that strong nearest-neighbor interactions slow down the relaxation. Our work opens the door for quantum simulations of systems with strong nonlocal interactions such as extended Fermi-Hubbard models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin M. Spar
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544 USA
| | - Peter Schauss
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904 USA
| | - Ron Belyansky
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
| | - Jeremy T. Young
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- JILA, NIST, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Przemyslaw Bienias
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
| | - Alexey V. Gorshkov
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
| | - Thomas Iadecola
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Waseem S. Bakr
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544 USA
- corresponding author.
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15
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Klocke K, Wintermantel TM, Lochead G, Whitlock S, Buchhold M. Hydrodynamic Stabilization of Self-Organized Criticality in a Driven Rydberg Gas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:123401. [PMID: 33834799 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.123401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Signatures of self-organized criticality (SOC) have recently been observed in an ultracold atomic gas under continuous laser excitation to strongly interacting Rydberg states [S. Helmrich et al., Nature, 577, 481-486 (2020)]. This creates unique possibilities to study this intriguing dynamical phenomenon under controlled experimental conditions. Here we theoretically and experimentally examine the self-organizing dynamics of a driven ultracold gas and identify an unanticipated feedback mechanism originating from the interaction of the system with a thermal reservoir. Transport of particles from the flanks of the cloud toward the center compensates avalanche-induced atom loss. This mechanism sustains an extended critical region in the trap center for timescales much longer than the initial self-organization dynamics. The characteristic flattop density profile provides an additional experimental signature for SOC while simultaneously enabling studies of SOC under almost homogeneous conditions. We present a hydrodynamic description for the reorganization of the atom density, which very accurately describes the experimentally observed features on intermediate and long timescales, and which is applicable to both collisional hydrodynamic and chaotic ballistic regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Klocke
- Department of Physics and Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - T M Wintermantel
- ISIS (UMR 7006), University of Strasbourg and CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Lochead
- ISIS (UMR 7006), University of Strasbourg and CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - S Whitlock
- ISIS (UMR 7006), University of Strasbourg and CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - M Buchhold
- Department of Physics and Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität zu Köln, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
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16
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Epidemic growth and Griffiths effects on an emergent network of excited atoms. Nat Commun 2021; 12:103. [PMID: 33397997 PMCID: PMC7782709 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20333-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether it be physical, biological or social processes, complex systems exhibit dynamics that are exceedingly difficult to understand or predict from underlying principles. Here we report a striking correspondence between the excitation dynamics of a laser driven gas of Rydberg atoms and the spreading of diseases, which in turn opens up a controllable platform for studying non-equilibrium dynamics on complex networks. The competition between facilitated excitation and spontaneous decay results in sub-exponential growth of the excitation number, which is empirically observed in real epidemics. Based on this we develop a quantitative microscopic susceptible-infected-susceptible model which links the growth and final excitation density to the dynamics of an emergent heterogeneous network and rare active region effects associated to an extended Griffiths phase. This provides physical insights into the nature of non-equilibrium criticality in driven many-body systems and the mechanisms leading to non-universal power-laws in the dynamics of complex systems. The emergent excitation dynamics of an ultracold gas of Rydberg atoms exhibits features analogous to epidemic spreading on networks. Wintermantel et al. propose a controllable experimental system for studying network dynamics at the interface of mathematical models and real-world complex systems.
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17
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Kemp J, Yao NY, Laumann CR. Symmetry-Enhanced Boundary Qubits at Infinite Temperature. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:200506. [PMID: 33258613 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.200506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Z_{2}×Z_{2} symmetry-protected topological (SPT) phase hosts a robust boundary qubit at zero temperature. At finite energy density, the SPT phase is destroyed and bulk observables equilibrate in finite time. Nevertheless, we predict parametric regimes in which the boundary qubit survives to arbitrarily high temperature, with an exponentially longer coherence time than that of the thermal bulk degrees of freedom. In a dual picture, the persistence of the qubit stems from the inability of the bulk to absorb the virtual Z_{2}×Z_{2} domain walls emitted by the edge during the relaxation process. We confirm the long coherence times via exact diagonalization and connect it to the presence of a pair of conjugate almost strong zero modes. Our results provide a route to experimentally construct long-lived coherent boundary qubits at infinite temperature in disorder-free systems. To this end, we propose and analyze an implementation using a Rydberg optical-tweezer array and demonstrate that the difference between edge- and bulk-spin autocorrelators can be distinguished on timescales significantly shorter than the typical coherence time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Kemp
- Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, 1 Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3NP, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Norman Y Yao
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Chris R Laumann
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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18
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Lundgren R, Gorshkov AV, Maghrebi MF. Nature of the nonequilibrium phase transition in the non-Markovian driven Dicke model. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A 2020; 102:10.1103/PhysRevA.102.032218. [PMID: 34136732 PMCID: PMC8204515 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.102.032218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Dicke model famously exhibits a phase transition to a superradiant phase with a macroscopic population of photons and is realized in multiple settings in open quantum systems. In this paper, we study a variant of the Dicke model where the cavity mode is lossy due to the coupling to a Markovian environment while the atomic mode is coupled to a colored bath. We analytically investigate this model by inspecting its low-frequency behavior via the Schwinger-Keldysh field theory and carefully examine the nature of the corresponding superradiant phase transition. Integrating out the fast modes, we can identify a simple effective theory allowing us to derive analytical expressions for various critical exponents including the dynamical exponent. We find excellent agreement with previous numerical results when the non-Markovian bath is at zero temperature; however, contrary to these studies, our low-frequency approach reveals that the same exponents govern the critical behavior when the colored bath is at finite temperature unless the chemical potential is zero. Furthermore, we show that the superradiant phase transition is classical in nature, while it is genuinely nonequilibrium. We derive a fractional Langevin equation and conjecture the associated fractional Fokker-Planck equation that captures the system's long-time memory as well as its nonequilibrium behavior. Finally, we consider finite-size effects at the phase transition and identify the finite-size scaling exponents, unlocking a rich behavior in both statics and dynamics of the photonic and atomic observables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rex Lundgren
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Alexey V Gorshkov
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Mohammad F Maghrebi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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19
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Cidrim A, do Espirito Santo TS, Schachenmayer J, Kaiser R, Bachelard R. Photon Blockade with Ground-State Neutral Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:073601. [PMID: 32857558 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.073601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We show that induced dipole-dipole interactions allow for photon blockade in subwavelength ensembles of two-level, ground-state neutral atoms. Our protocol relies on the energy shift of the single-excitation, superradiant state of N atoms, which can be engineered to yield an effective two-level system. A coherent pump induces Rabi oscillation between the ground state and a collective bright state, with at most a single excitation shared among all atoms. The possibility of using clock transitions that are long-lived and relatively robust against stray fields, alongside new prospects on experiments with subwavelength lattices, makes our proposal a promising alternative for quantum information protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cidrim
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, km 235-SP-310, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - T S do Espirito Santo
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo-13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - J Schachenmayer
- IPCMS (UMR 7504) and ISIS (UMR 7006), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - R Kaiser
- Université de Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Physique de Nice, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - R Bachelard
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, km 235-SP-310, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Université de Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Physique de Nice, 06560 Valbonne, France
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20
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Borish V, Marković O, Hines JA, Rajagopal SV, Schleier-Smith M. Transverse-Field Ising Dynamics in a Rydberg-Dressed Atomic Gas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:063601. [PMID: 32109106 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.063601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on the realization of long-range Ising interactions in a cold gas of cesium atoms by Rydberg dressing. The interactions are enhanced by coupling to Rydberg states in the vicinity of a Förster resonance. We characterize the interactions by measuring the mean-field shift of the clock transition via Ramsey spectroscopy, observing one-axis twisting dynamics. We furthermore emulate a transverse-field Ising model by periodic application of a microwave field and detect dynamical signatures of the paramagnetic-ferromagnetic phase transition. Our results highlight the power of optical addressing for achieving local and dynamical control of interactions, enabling prospects ranging from investigating Floquet quantum criticality to producing tunable-range spin squeezing.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Borish
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - O Marković
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J A Hines
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - S V Rajagopal
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M Schleier-Smith
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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21
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Signatures of self-organized criticality in an ultracold atomic gas. Nature 2020; 577:481-486. [PMID: 31942078 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1908-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Self-organized criticality is an elegant explanation of how complex structures emerge and persist throughout nature1, and why such structures often exhibit similar scale-invariant properties2-9. Although self-organized criticality is sometimes captured by simple models that feature a critical point as an attractor for the dynamics10-15, the connection to real-world systems is exceptionally hard to test quantitatively16-21. Here we observe three key signatures of self-organized criticality in the dynamics of a driven-dissipative gas of ultracold potassium atoms: self-organization to a stationary state that is largely independent of the initial conditions; scale-invariance of the final density characterized by a unique scaling function; and large fluctuations of the number of excited atoms (avalanches) obeying a characteristic power-law distribution. This work establishes a well-controlled platform for investigating self-organization phenomena and non-equilibrium criticality, with experimental access to the underlying microscopic details of the system.
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22
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Han HS, Lee HG, Cho D. Site-Specific and Coherent Manipulation of Individual Qubits in a 1D Optical Lattice with a 532-nm Site Separation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:133201. [PMID: 31012628 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.133201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate gate operations on a single qubit at a specific site without perturbing the coherence of an adjacent qubit in a 1D optical lattice when the site separation is only 532 nm. Three types of spin rotations are performed on the target qubit with fidelities between 0.88±0.05 and 0.99±0.01, whereas the superposition state of the adjacent one is preserved with fidelities between 0.93±0.04 and 0.97±0.04. The qubit is realized by a pair of Zeeman-sensitive ground hyperfine states of a ^{7}Li atom, and each site is identified by its resonance frequency in a magnetic field gradient of 1.6 G/cm. We achieve the site-specific resolving power in the frequency domain by using magic polarization for the lattice beam that allows a Fourier-limited transition linewidth as well as by highly stabilizing the lattice parameters and the ambient conditions. We also discuss a two-atom entanglement scheme using a blockade by cold collisional shifts in a 1D superlattice, for which a coherent manipulation of individual qubits is a prerequisite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyok Sang Han
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Hyun Gyung Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - D Cho
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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23
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Thomas O, Lippe C, Eichert T, Ott H. Experimental realization of a Rydberg optical Feshbach resonance in a quantum many-body system. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2238. [PMID: 29884824 PMCID: PMC5993778 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04684-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Feshbach resonances are a powerful tool to tune the interaction in an ultracold atomic gas. The commonly used magnetic Feshbach resonances are specific for each species and are restricted with respect to their temporal and spatial modulation. Optical Feshbach resonances are an alternative which can overcome this limitation. Here, we show that ultra-long-range Rydberg molecules can be used to implement an optical Feshbach resonance. Tuning the on-site interaction of a degenerate Bose gas in a 3D optical lattice, we demonstrate a similar performance compared to recent realizations of optical Feshbach resonances using intercombination transitions. Our results open up a class of optical Feshbach resonances with a plenitude of available lines for many atomic species and the possibility to further increase the performance by carefully selecting the underlying Rydberg state.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Thomas
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 46, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Staudinger Weg 9, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - C Lippe
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 46, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - T Eichert
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 46, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - H Ott
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 46, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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24
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Bounds AD, Jackson NC, Hanley RK, Faoro R, Bridge EM, Huillery P, Jones MPA. Rydberg-Dressed Magneto-optical Trap. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:183401. [PMID: 29775327 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.183401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We propose and demonstrate the laser cooling and trapping of Rydberg-dressed Sr atoms. By off-resonantly coupling the excited state of a narrow (7 kHz) cooling transition to a high-lying Rydberg state, we transfer Rydberg properties such as enhanced electric polarizability to a stable magneto-optical trap operating at <1 μK. Simulations show that it is possible to reach a regime where the long-range interaction between Rydberg-dressed atoms becomes comparable to the kinetic energy, opening a route to combining laser cooling with tunable long-range interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Bounds
- Joint Quantum Centre Durham-Newcastle, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - N C Jackson
- Joint Quantum Centre Durham-Newcastle, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - R K Hanley
- Joint Quantum Centre Durham-Newcastle, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - R Faoro
- Joint Quantum Centre Durham-Newcastle, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - E M Bridge
- Joint Quantum Centre Durham-Newcastle, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - P Huillery
- Joint Quantum Centre Durham-Newcastle, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - M P A Jones
- Joint Quantum Centre Durham-Newcastle, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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25
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Kara D, Bhowmick A, Mohapatra AK. Rydberg interaction induced enhanced excitation in thermal atomic vapor. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5256. [PMID: 29588464 PMCID: PMC5869682 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23559-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the experimental demonstration of interaction induced enhancement in Rydberg excitation or Rydberg anti-blockade in thermal atomic vapor. We have used optical heterodyne detection technique to measure Rydberg population due to two-photon excitation to the Rydberg state. The anti-blockade peak which doesn’t satisfy the two-photon resonant condition is observed along with the usual two-photon resonant peak which can’t be explained using the model with non-interacting three-level atomic system. A model involving two interacting atoms is formulated for thermal atomic vapor using the dressed states of three-level atomic system to explain the experimental observations. A non-linear dependence of vapor density is observed for the anti-blockade peak which also increases with increase in principal quantum number of the Rydberg state. A good agreement is found between the experimental observations and the proposed interacting model. Our result implies possible applications towards quantum logic gates using Rydberg anti-blockade in thermal atomic vapor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dushmanta Kara
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar, HBNI, Jatni, 752050, India
| | - Arup Bhowmick
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar, HBNI, Jatni, 752050, India
| | - Ashok K Mohapatra
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar, HBNI, Jatni, 752050, India.
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26
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Abstract
Quantum simulation, a subdiscipline of quantum computation, can provide valuable insight into difficult quantum problems in physics or chemistry. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices represent an ideal platform for simulations of quantum many-body problems. Within this setting, quantum gas microscopes enable single atom observation and manipulation in large samples. Ultracold atom-based quantum simulators have already been used to probe quantum magnetism, to realize and detect topological quantum matter, and to study quantum systems with controlled long-range interactions. Experiments on many-body systems out of equilibrium have also provided results in regimes unavailable to the most advanced supercomputers. We review recent experimental progress in this field and comment on future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gross
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Immanuel Bloch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany. .,Germany Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80799 Munich, Germany
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27
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Pérez-Espigares C, Marcuzzi M, Gutiérrez R, Lesanovsky I. Epidemic Dynamics in Open Quantum Spin Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:140401. [PMID: 29053308 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.140401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We explore the nonequilibrium evolution and stationary states of an open many-body system that displays epidemic spreading dynamics in a classical and a quantum regime. Our study is motivated by recent experiments conducted in strongly interacting gases of highly excited Rydberg atoms where the facilitated excitation of Rydberg states competes with radiative decay. These systems approximately implement open quantum versions of models for population dynamics or disease spreading where species can be in a healthy, infected or immune state. We show that in a two-dimensional lattice, depending on the dominance of either classical or quantum effects, the system may display a different kind of nonequilibrium phase transition. We moreover discuss the observability of our findings in laser driven Rydberg gases with particular focus on the role of long-range interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Pérez-Espigares
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom and Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Matteo Marcuzzi
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom and Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Ricardo Gutiérrez
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom and Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Complex Systems Group, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Igor Lesanovsky
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom and Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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28
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Potirniche ID, Potter AC, Schleier-Smith M, Vishwanath A, Yao NY. Floquet Symmetry-Protected Topological Phases in Cold-Atom Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:123601. [PMID: 29341658 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.123601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We propose and analyze two distinct routes toward realizing interacting symmetry-protected topological (SPT) phases via periodic driving. First, we demonstrate that a driven transverse-field Ising model can be used to engineer complex interactions which enable the emulation of an equilibrium SPT phase. This phase remains stable only within a parametric time scale controlled by the driving frequency, beyond which its topological features break down. To overcome this issue, we consider an alternate route based upon realizing an intrinsically Floquet SPT phase that does not have any equilibrium analog. In both cases, we show that disorder, leading to many-body localization, prevents runaway heating and enables the observation of coherent quantum dynamics at high energy densities. Furthermore, we clarify the distinction between the equilibrium and Floquet SPT phases by identifying a unique micromotion-based entanglement spectrum signature of the latter. Finally, we propose a unifying implementation in a one-dimensional chain of Rydberg-dressed atoms and show that protected edge modes are observable on realistic experimental time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-D Potirniche
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A C Potter
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - M Schleier-Smith
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A Vishwanath
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - N Y Yao
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Overbeck VR, Maghrebi MF, Gorshkov AV, Weimer H. Multicritical behavior in dissipative Ising models. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A 2017; 95:10.1103/PhysRevA.95.042133. [PMID: 31093585 PMCID: PMC6513333 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.95.042133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We analyze theoretically the many-body dynamics of a dissipative Ising model in a transverse field using a variational approach. We find that the steady-state phase diagram is substantially modified compared to its equilibrium counterpart, including the appearance of a multicritical point belonging to a different universality class. Building on our variational analysis, we establish a field-theoretical treatment corresponding to a dissipative variant of a Ginzburg-Landau theory, which allows us to compute the upper critical dimension of the system. Finally, we present a possible experimental realization of the dissipative Ising model using ultracold Rydberg gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent R. Overbeck
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mohammad F. Maghrebi
- Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Alexey V. Gorshkov
- Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Hendrik Weimer
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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Ahlefeldt RL, Hush MR, Sellars MJ. Ultranarrow Optical Inhomogeneous Linewidth in a Stoichiometric Rare-Earth Crystal. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:250504. [PMID: 28036212 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.250504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We obtain a low optical inhomogeneous linewidth of 25 MHz in the stoichiometric rare-earth crystal EuCl_{3}·6H_{2}O by isotopically purifying the crystal in ^{35}Cl. With this linewidth, an important limit for stoichiometric rare-earth crystals is surpassed: the hyperfine structure of ^{153}Eu is spectrally resolved, allowing the whole population of ^{153}Eu^{3+} ions to be prepared in the same hyperfine state using hole-burning techniques. This material also has a very high optical density, and can have long coherence times when deuterated. This combination of properties offers new prospects for quantum information applications. We consider two of these: quantum memories and quantum many-body studies. We detail the improvements in the performance of current memory protocols possible in these high optical depth crystals, and describe how certain memory protocols, such as off-resonant Raman memories, can be implemented for the first time in a solid-state system. We explain how the strong excitation-induced interactions observed in this material resemble those seen in Rydberg systems, and describe how these interactions can lead to quantum many-body states that could be observed using standard optical spectroscopy techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Ahlefeldt
- Department of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
- Laser Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra 0200, Australia
| | - M R Hush
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales at the Australian Defence Force Academy, Canberra 2600, Australia
| | - M J Sellars
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra 0200, Australia
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Gaul C, DeSalvo BJ, Aman JA, Dunning FB, Killian TC, Pohl T. Resonant Rydberg Dressing of Alkaline-Earth Atoms via Electromagnetically Induced Transparency. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:243001. [PMID: 27367387 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.243001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We develop an approach to generate finite-range atomic interactions via optical Rydberg-state excitation and study the underlying excitation dynamics in theory and experiment. In contrast to previous work, the proposed scheme is based on resonant optical driving and the establishment of a dark state under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Analyzing the driven dissipative dynamics of the atomic gas, we show that the interplay between coherent light coupling, radiative decay, and strong Rydberg-Rydberg atom interactions leads to the emergence of sizable effective interactions while providing remarkably long coherence times. The latter are studied experimentally in a cold gas of strontium atoms for which the proposed scheme is most efficient. Our measured atom loss is in agreement with the theoretical prediction based on binary effective interactions between the driven atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gaul
- Max-Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - B J DeSalvo
- Rice University, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Houston, Texas 77251, USA
| | - J A Aman
- Rice University, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Houston, Texas 77251, USA
| | - F B Dunning
- Rice University, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Houston, Texas 77251, USA
| | - T C Killian
- Rice University, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Houston, Texas 77251, USA
| | - T Pohl
- Max-Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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