1
|
Trines R, Schmitz H, King M, McKenna P, Bingham R. Laser harmonic generation with independent control of frequency and orbital angular momentum. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6878. [PMID: 39128934 PMCID: PMC11317519 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51311-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The non-linear optical process of laser harmonic generation (HG) enables the creation of high quality pulses of UV or even X-ray radiation, which have many potential uses at the frontiers of experimental science, ranging from lensless microscopy to ultrafast metrology and chiral science. Although many of the promising applications are enabled by generating harmonic modes with orbital angular momentum (OAM), independent control of the harmonic frequency and OAM level remains elusive. Here we show, through a theoretical approach, validated with 3D simulations, how unique 2-D harmonic progressions can be obtained, with both frequency and OAM level tuned independently, from tailored structured targets in both reflective and transmissive configurations. Through preferential selection of a subset of harmonic modes with a specific OAM value, a controlled frequency comb of circularly polarised harmonics can be produced. Our approach to describe HG, which simplifies both the theoretical predictions and the analysis of the harmonic spectrum, is directly applicable across the full range of HG mechanisms and can be readily applied to investigations of OAM harmonics in other processes, such as OAM cascades in Raman amplification, or the analysis of harmonic progressions in nonlinear optics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raoul Trines
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom.
| | - Holger Schmitz
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Martin King
- Department of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, United Kingdom
- The Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Warrington, WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - Paul McKenna
- Department of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, United Kingdom
- The Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Warrington, WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Bingham
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nagai K, Okamoto T, Shinohara Y, Sanada H, Oguri K. High-harmonic spin-orbit angular momentum generation in crystalline solids preserving multiscale dynamical symmetry. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eado7315. [PMID: 39093966 PMCID: PMC11296342 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado7315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Symmetries essentially provide conservation rules in nonlinear light-matter interactions and facilitate control and understanding of photon conversion processes or electron dynamics. Since anisotropic solids have rich symmetries, they are strong candidates for controlling both optical micro- and macroscale structures, namely, spin angular momentum (circular polarization) and orbital angular momentum (spiral wavefront), respectively. Here, we show structured high-harmonic generation linked to the anisotropic symmetry of a solid. By strategically preserving a dynamical symmetry arising from the spin-orbit interaction of light, we generate multiple orbital angular momentum states in high-order harmonics. The experimental results exhibit the total angular momentum conservation rule of light even in the extreme nonlinear region, which is evidence that the mechanism originates from a dynamical symmetry. Our study provides a deeper understanding of multiscale nonlinear optical phenomena and a general guideline for using electronic structures to control structured light, such as through Floquet engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Nagai
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1, Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Takuya Okamoto
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1, Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shinohara
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1, Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
- NTT Research Center for Theoretical Quantum Information, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Haruki Sanada
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1, Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Katsuya Oguri
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1, Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rouxel JR, Nam Y, Chernyak VY, Mukamel S. Manipulating ultrafast even-order nonlinear chiral responses of L-tryptophan by polarization pulse shaping. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2402660121. [PMID: 38820001 PMCID: PMC11161790 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2402660121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular chirality has long been monitored in the frequency domain in the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared regimes. Recently developed time-domain approaches can detect time-dependent chiral dynamics by enhancing intrinsically weak chiral signals. Even-order nonlinear signals in chiral molecules have gained attention thanks to their existence in the electric dipole approximation, without relying on the weaker higher-order multipole interactions. We illustrate the optimization of temporal polarization pulse-shaping in various frequency ranges (infrared/optical and optical/X ray) to enhance chiral nonlinear signals. These signals can be recast as an overlap integral of matter and field pseudoscalars which contain the relevant chiral information. Simulations are carried out for second- and fourth-order nonlinear spectroscopies in L-tryptophan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy R. Rouxel
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL60439
| | - Yeonsig Nam
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL60439
| | | | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA92697-2025
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA92697-2025
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gassner S, Weber CS, Claassen M. Light-induced switching between singlet and triplet superconducting states. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1776. [PMID: 38413590 PMCID: PMC10899631 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45949-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
While the search for topological triplet-pairing superconductivity has remained a challenge, recent developments in optically stabilizing metastable superconducting states suggest a new route to realizing this elusive phase. Here, we devise a testable theory of competing superconducting orders that permits ultrafast switching to an opposite-parity superconducting phase in centrosymmetric crystals with strong spin-orbit coupling. Using both microscopic and phenomenological models, we show that dynamical inversion symmetry breaking with a tailored light pulse can induce odd-parity (spin triplet) order parameter oscillations in a conventional even-parity (spin singlet) superconductor, which when driven strongly can send the system to a competing minimum in its free energy landscape. Our results provide new guiding principles for engineering unconventional electronic phases using light, suggesting a fundamentally non-equilibrium route toward realizing topological superconductivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Gassner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Clara S Weber
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Institut für Theorie der Statistischen Physik, RWTH Aachen and JARA - Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, D-52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Claassen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen Y, Haase D, Manz J, Wang H, Yang Y. From chiral laser pulses to femto- and attosecond electronic chirality flips in achiral molecules. Nat Commun 2024; 15:565. [PMID: 38233379 PMCID: PMC10794217 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44807-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Chirality is an important topic in biology, chemistry and physics. Here we show that ultrashort circularly polarized laser pulses, which are chiral, can be fired on achiral oriented molecules to induce chirality in their electronic densities, with chirality flips within femtoseconds or even attoseconds. Our results, obtained by quantum dynamics simulations, use the fact that laser pulses can break electronic symmetry while conserving nuclear symmetry. Here two laser pulses generate a superposition of three electronic eigenstates. This breaks all symmetry elements of the electronic density, making it chiral except at the periodic rare events of the chirality flips. As possible applications, we propose the combination of the electronic chirality flips with Chiral Induced Spin Selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunjiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Dietrich Haase
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörn Manz
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
| | - Huihui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
| | - Yonggang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ghomashi B, Walker S, Becker A. Enabling elliptically polarized high harmonic generation with short cross polarized laser pulses. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12843. [PMID: 37553388 PMCID: PMC10409740 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39814-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Enabling elliptically polarized high-order harmonics overcomes a historical limitation in the generation of this highly nonlinear process in atomic, molecular and optical physics with applications in other branches. Here, we shed new light on a controversy between experimental observations and theoretical predictions on the possibility to generate harmonics with large ellipticity using two bichromatic laser pulses which are linearly polarized in orthogonal directions. Results of numerical calculations confirm the previous experimental data that in short laser pulses even harmonics with large ellipticity can be obtained for the interaction of such cross-polarized laser pulses with atoms initially in a s- or p-state, while odd harmonics have low ellipticity. The amount of the ellipticity can be controlled via the relative carrier-envelope phase of the pulses, their intensity ratio and the duration of the pulses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Ghomashi
- JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0440, USA.
| | - S Walker
- JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0440, USA
| | - A Becker
- JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0440, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lerner G, Neufeld O, Hareli L, Shoulga G, Bordo E, Fleischer A, Podolsky D, Bahabad A, Cohen O. Multiscale dynamical symmetries and selection rules in nonlinear optics. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade0953. [PMID: 37058566 PMCID: PMC10104467 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade0953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Symmetries and their associated selection rules are extremely useful in many fields of science. For systems of electromagnetic (EM) fields interacting with matter, the symmetries of matter and the EM fields' time-dependent polarization determine the properties of the nonlinear responses, and they can be facilitated for controlling light emission and enabling ultrafast symmetry breaking spectroscopy of various properties. Here, we formulate a general theory that describes the macroscopic and microscopic dynamical symmetries (including quasicrystal-like symmetries) of EM vector fields, revealing many previously unidentified symmetries and selection rules in light-matter interactions. We demonstrate an example of multiscale selection rules experimentally in the framework of high harmonic generation. This work paves the way for novel spectroscopic techniques in multiscale systems and for imprinting complex structures in extreme ultraviolet-x-ray beams, attosecond pulses, or the interacting medium itself.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gavriel Lerner
- Physics Department, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Solid State Institute, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ofer Neufeld
- Physics Department, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Solid State Institute, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Liran Hareli
- Department of Physical Electronics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Georgiy Shoulga
- Department of Physical Electronics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eliayu Bordo
- Physics Department, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Solid State Institute, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Avner Fleischer
- Chemistry Department, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Science, School of Chemistry and Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Daniel Podolsky
- Physics Department, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Alon Bahabad
- Department of Physical Electronics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Oren Cohen
- Physics Department, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Solid State Institute, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tremblay JC, Blanc A, Krause P, Giri S, Dixit G. Probing Electronic Symmetry Reduction during Charge Migration via Time-Resolved X-Ray Diffraction. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200463. [PMID: 36166371 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The present work focuses on probing ultrafast charge migration after symmetry-breaking excitation using ultrashort laser pulses. LiCN is chosen as prototypical system because it can be oriented in the laboratory frame and it possesses optically-accessible charge transfer states at low energies. The charge migration is simulated within the hybrid time-dependent density functional theory/configuration interaction framework. Time-resolved electronic current densities and simulated time-resolved x-ray diffraction signals are used to unravel the mechanism of charge migration. Our simulations demonstrate that specific choices of laser polarization lead to a control over the symmetry of the induced charge migration. Moreover, time-resolved x-ray diffraction signals are shown to encode transient symmetry reduction at intermediate times.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ambre Blanc
- CNRS-Université de Lorraine, LPCT, 57070, Metz, France
| | - Pascal Krause
- Theory of Electron Dynamics and Spectroscopy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sucharita Giri
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Gopal Dixit
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Paul M, Pananghat B. Laser-Dressed Molecular Point Groups in the Kramers-Henneberger Oscillating Frame-of-Reference: Selection Rules for Higher Harmonic Generation. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:6268-6275. [PMID: 35772052 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Point groups of molecules in a laser, within the Kramers-Henneberger (KH) oscillating frame for laser-dressed states, is given in this work. In a Fourier series of the time-dependent potential, the zeroth-order time-average yields the point group of the laser-dressed molecule. Various laser polarizations and relative molecular orientation induce a new point group or retain the original point group. The dynamical Fourier components (KH potentials) classify as irreducibles of this new laser-dressed point group. Recurrence of unique irreducibles in the Fourier expansion dictates the dynamical symmetry of the Floquet Hamiltonian. Hence, selection rules for harmonic generation spectra are Nk ± 1 in harmonic order, where N is the number of unique irreducibles and k∈N.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mishu Paul
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, Knowledge City, S. A. S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab-140306, India
| | - Balanarayan Pananghat
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, Knowledge City, S. A. S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab-140306, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Neufeld O, Nourbakhsh Z, Tancogne-Dejean N, Rubio A. Ab Initio Cluster Approach for High Harmonic Generation in Liquids. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:4117-4126. [PMID: 35699241 PMCID: PMC9281394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
High harmonic generation (HHG) takes place in all phases of matter. In gaseous atomic and molecular media, it has been extensively studied and is very well understood. In solids, research is ongoing, but a consensus is forming for the dominant microscopic HHG mechanisms. In liquids, on the other hand, no established theory yet exists, and approaches developed for gases and solids are generally inapplicable, hindering our current understanding. We develop here a powerful and reliable ab initio cluster-based approach for describing the nonlinear interactions between isotropic bulk liquids and intense laser pulses. The scheme is based on time-dependent density functional theory and utilizes several approximations that make it feasible yet accurate in realistic systems. We demonstrate our approach with HHG calculations in water, ammonia, and methane liquids and compare the characteristic response of polar and nonpolar liquids. We identify unique features in the HHG spectra of liquid methane that could be utilized for ultrafast spectroscopy of its chemical and physical properties, including a structural minimum at 15-17 eV that is associated solely with the liquid phase. Our results pave the way to accessible calculations of HHG in liquids and illustrate the unique nonlinear nature of liquid systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Neufeld
- Max
Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center
for Free-Electron Laser Science, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Zahra Nourbakhsh
- Max
Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center
for Free-Electron Laser Science, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Nicolas Tancogne-Dejean
- Max
Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center
for Free-Electron Laser Science, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Angel Rubio
- Max
Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center
for Free-Electron Laser Science, Hamburg 22761, Germany
- Center
for Computational Quantum Physics (CCQ), The Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Svoboda V, Waters MDJ, Zindel D, Wörner HJ. Generation and complete polarimetry of ultrashort circularly polarized extreme-ultraviolet pulses. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:14358-14367. [PMID: 35473180 DOI: 10.1364/oe.449411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The generation of ultrashort circularly polarized pulses in the extreme-ultraviolet spectral range has recently attracted considerable interest for applications in time-resolved circular-dichroism experiments. Here, we demonstrate a simple approach to generate near-circularly polarized femtosecond pulses in the vacuum-ultraviolet. The ellipticity of the generated light can be continuously tuned from linear to near-circular, as demonstrated by detailed polarimetry measurements. Combining optical polarimetry with photoelectron circular-dichroism (PECD) measurements, we demonstrate a novel approach to characterizing the polarization state of light in terms of all four Stokes parameters. For photon energies of 9.3 eV, we obtained S3 = 0.96 ± 0.02 and a degree of polarization of 97±2%, i.e. the highest values reported from any harmonic-generation source so far. This source is directly applicable to circular-dichroism experiments, also enabling time-resolved PECD in the extreme-ultraviolet, a general approach to probing time-dependent chirality during chemical processes on (sub)-femtosecond time scales.
Collapse
|
12
|
Tzur ME, Neufeld O, Bordo E, Fleischer A, Cohen O. Selection rules in symmetry-broken systems by symmetries in synthetic dimensions. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1312. [PMID: 35288566 PMCID: PMC8921280 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29080-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Selection rules are often considered a hallmark of symmetry. Here, we employ symmetry-breaking degrees of freedom as synthetic dimensions to demonstrate that symmetry-broken systems systematically exhibit a specific class of symmetries and selection rules. These selection rules constrain the scaling of a system’s observables (non-perturbatively) as it transitions from symmetric to symmetry-broken. Specifically, we drive bi-elliptical high harmonic generation (HHG), and observe that the scaling of the HHG spectrum with the pump’s ellipticities is constrained by selection rules corresponding to symmetries in synthetic dimensions. We then show the generality of this phenomenon by analyzing periodically-driven (Floquet) systems subject to two driving fields, tabulating the resulting synthetic symmetries for (2 + 1)D Floquet groups, and deriving the corresponding selection rules for high harmonic generation (HHG) and other phenomena. The presented class of symmetries and selection rules opens routes for ultrafast spectroscopy of phonon-polarization, spin-orbit coupling, symmetry-protected dark bands, and more. The authors introduce the concept of real-synthetic symmetries and use it as a tool to derive selection rules in seemingly symmetry-broken strong-field interactions. These symmetries and their corresponding selection rules can be applied in various systems form harmonic generation to topological photonics
Collapse
|
13
|
The High-Order Harmonic Generation from Atom Driven by Co-Rotating Laser Pulses Composed of Fundamental Frequency and High Frequency. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14030519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
By numerically solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE), the harmonic generation process of atoms irradiated by corotating laser pulses composed of a fundamental-frequency and high-frequency field is systematically studied. Compared with the harmonic generated from atoms irradiated by counter-rotating two-color circularly polarized laser pulses, the harmonic efficiency of atoms irradiated by co-rotating two-color circularly polarized (CRTCCP) laser pulses with the same laser parameters is higher. The harmonics are generated by the multiphoton radiation transition after the bound electrons undergo a multiphoton absorption transition to a higher energy level. In addition, the variation of the harmonic efficiency with the field strength of different frequency components in the driving laser pulse is also studied. The circularly polarized harmonics with higher intensity can be obtained by optimizing the field strength of the driving laser field.
Collapse
|
14
|
Dorney KM, Fan T, Nguyen QLD, Ellis JL, Hickstein DD, Brooks N, Zusin D, Gentry C, Hernández-García C, Kapteyn HC, Murnane MM. Bright, single helicity, high harmonics driven by mid-infrared bicircular laser fields. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:38119-38128. [PMID: 34808871 DOI: 10.1364/oe.440813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High-harmonic generation (HHG) is a unique tabletop light source with femtosecond-to-attosecond pulse duration and tailorable polarization and beam shape. Here, we use counter-rotating femtosecond laser pulses of 0.8 µm and 2.0 μm to extend the photon energy range of circularly polarized high-harmonics and also generate single-helicity HHG spectra. By driving HHG in helium, we produce circularly polarized soft x-ray harmonics beyond 170 eV-the highest photon energy of circularly polarized HHG achieved to date. In an Ar medium, dense spectra at photon energies well beyond the Cooper minimum are generated, with regions composed of a single helicity-consistent with the generation of a train of circularly polarized attosecond pulses. Finally, we show theoretically that circularly polarized HHG photon energies can extend beyond the carbon K edge, extending the range of molecular and materials systems that can be accessed using dynamic HHG chiral spectro-microscopies.
Collapse
|
15
|
Bai X, Su Y, Zhang J. Study on spin angular momentum balance in harmonics generated from counter-rotating two-color laser fields. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:36567-36580. [PMID: 34809065 DOI: 10.1364/oe.439695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High-order harmonics generated from Xe driven by counter-rotating two-color driving fields are studied in the frame of a quantum-field scattering theory, and the spin angular momentum transfer is discussed. The driving field is composed by a circularly polarized (CP) mode and an elliptically polarized (EP) mode. We treat the EP mode as a compostition of counter-rotating CP fields of unequal intensity. We use a pair of phased generalized Bessel functions to describe the harmonic generation amplitude, and the conservation of the spin angular momentum during harmonic generation in the two-color field is derived in a solid base and in a straightforward way. The experimentally observed V-type and Λ-type distributions of the harmonic spectra with ellipticity are recovered theoretically. Balance pattern of the spin angular momentum is disclosed substantially.
Collapse
|
16
|
Yuan KJ, Chelkowski S, Bandrauk AD. Signature of Molecular Orbital Symmetry in High-Order Harmonic Generation by Bichromatic Circularly Polarized Laser Pulses. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:7111-7121. [PMID: 34351772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c05849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Molecular orbital symmetry is shown to be an important factor in determining orders and helicities (polarizations) of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) by intense femtosecond counter-rotating bichromatic circularly polarized laser pulses. Numerical solutions of time-dependent Schrödinger equations (TDSE) for the one-electron molecular ions H2+ and H32+ for different initial electronic states show that harmonic orders and helicities are dependent on orbital symmetries and of the net incident pulse electric field. The numerical results and properties of the harmonics are described by dynamical symmetry theory and time profile analysis of the high-order harmonics, thus confirming that orbital and laser pulse symmetry dependence are generic in HHG of molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Jun Yuan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.,Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
| | - Szczepan Chelkowski
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
| | - André D Bandrauk
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Su Y, Fang K, Zhnag J. Shortcut to study angular momentum transfer of harmonic generation in intense laser fields. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:22679-22687. [PMID: 34266026 DOI: 10.1364/oe.430041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High-order harmonics generated from atoms driven by counter-rotating two-color circularly (CRTC) polarized laser fields are studied in the frame of a quantum-field scattering theory. We use a pair of generalized phased Bessel (GPB) functions to describe the harmonic generation amplitude. The use of GPB functions allows us to define the phase of a harmonic channel accurately, by which we obtain the spin angular momentum conservation relation in a straightforward way. The known selection rule of harmonic order in the CRTC field is obtained concisely. Main features of the harmonic spectra are recovered. Our treatment provides a shortcut to study the angular momentum transfer in intense laser fields.
Collapse
|
18
|
Liu C, Manz J, Tremblay JC. Laser-Induced Electron Symmetry Restoration in Oriented Molecules Made Simple. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:4421-4427. [PMID: 33950690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electron symmetry determines many important properties of molecules, from selection rules for photoelectron spectroscopy to symmetry selection rules for chemical reactions. The original electron symmetry is broken if a laser pulse changes the initial state, typically the ground state g, to a superposition of g and an excited state e with different irreducible representations (IRREPs). Quantum dynamics simulations for two examples, the oriented benzene and LiCN molecules, show that the original electron symmetry can be restored by means of a reoptimized π-laser pulse which transfers the component in the excited state e to another state e', or to several others with the same IRREP as the ground state. This method lends itself to much easier experimental applications than all previous ones because it allows the healing of electron symmetry immediately, without any attosecond constraint on the timing of the second pulse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ChunMei Liu
- College of Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jörn Manz
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jean Christophe Tremblay
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, UMR 7019, 57070 Metz, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Elliptically polarized high-harmonic radiation for production of isolated attosecond pulses. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9570. [PMID: 33953228 PMCID: PMC8099878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88557-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Circularly polarized attosecond pulses are powerful tool to study chiral light-matter interaction via chiral electron dynamics. However, access to isolated circularly polarized attosecond pulses enabling straightforward interpretation of measurements, still remains a challenge. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate the generation of highly elliptically polarized high-harmonics in a two-color, bi-circular, collinear laser field. The intensity and shape of the combined few-cycle driving radiation is optimized to produce a broadband continuum with enhanced spectral chirality in the range of 15-55 eV supporting the generation of isolated attosecond pulses with duration down to 150 as. We apply spectrally resolved polarimetry to determine the full Stokes vector of different spectral components of the continuum, yielding a homogenous helicity distribution with ellipticity in the range of 0.8-0.95 and a negligible unpolarized content.
Collapse
|
20
|
Electron Symmetry Breaking during Attosecond Charge Migration Induced by Laser Pulses: Point Group Analyses for Quantum Dynamics. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13020205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum simulations of the electron dynamics of oriented benzene and Mg-porphyrin driven by short (<10 fs) laser pulses yield electron symmetry breaking during attosecond charge migration. Nuclear motions are negligible on this time domain, i.e., the point group symmetries G = D6h and D4h of the nuclear scaffolds are conserved. At the same time, the symmetries of the one-electron densities are broken, however, to specific subgroups of G for the excited superposition states. These subgroups depend on the polarization and on the electric fields of the laser pulses. They can be determined either by inspection of the symmetry elements of the one-electron density which represents charge migration after the laser pulse, or by a new and more efficient group-theoretical approach. The results agree perfectly with each other. They suggest laser control of symmetry breaking. The choice of the target subgroup is restricted, however, by a new theorem, i.e., it must contain the symmetry group of the time-dependent electronic Hamiltonian of the oriented molecule interacting with the laser pulse(s). This theorem can also be applied to confirm or to falsify complementary suggestions of electron symmetry breaking by laser pulses.
Collapse
|
21
|
Shao R, Zhai C, Zhang Y, Sun N, Cao W, Lan P, Lu P. Generation of isolated circularly polarized attosecond pulses by three-color laser field mixing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:15874-15884. [PMID: 32549423 DOI: 10.1364/oe.388480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We propose and theoretically demonstrate a method to generate the circularly polarized supercontinuum with three-color electric fields. The three-color field is synthesized from an orthogonally polarized two-color (OTC) laser field and an infrared gating field. All driving pulse durations are extended to 40 fs. We demonstrate that the three-color field imposes curved trajectories for ionized electrons and extends the time interval between each harmonic emitting. Through adjusting intensity ratios among three components of the driving field, a nearly circular isolated attosecond pulse can be generated.
Collapse
|
22
|
Johnson CW. Unmixing Symmetries. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:172502. [PMID: 32412260 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.172502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The low-lying spectra of atomic nuclei display diverse behaviors, for example, rotational bands, which can be described phenomenologically by simple symmetry groups such as spatial SU(3). This leads to the idea of dynamical symmetry, where the Hamiltonian commutes with the Casimir operator(s) of a group, and is block diagonal in subspaces defined by the group's irreducible representations or irreps. Detailed microscopic calculations, however, show these symmetries are in fact often strongly mixed and the wave function fragmented across many irreps. More commonly, the fragmentation across members of a band are similar, which is called a quasidynamical symmetry. In this Letter I explicitly, albeit numerically, construct unitary transformations from a quasidynamical symmetry to a dynamical symmetry, adapting the similarity renormalization group (SRG) in order to transform away the symmetry-mixing parts of the Hamiltonian. The standard SRG produces unsatisfactory results, forcing the induced dynamical symmetry to be dominated by high-weight irreps irrespective of the original decomposition. Using spectral distribution theory to rederive and diagnose standard SRG, I introduce a new form of SRG. The new SRG transforms a quasidynamical symmetry to a dynamical symmetry, that is, unmixes the mixed symmetries, with intuitively more appealing results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Calvin W Johnson
- Department of Physics, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 02182-1233, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Haase D, Manz J, Tremblay JC. Attosecond Charge Migration Can Break Electron Symmetry While Conserving Nuclear Symmetry. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:3329-3334. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dietrich Haase
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörn Manz
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jean Christophe Tremblay
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, UMR7019, 57070 Metz, France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Neufeld O, Cohen O. Background-Free Measurement of Ring Currents by Symmetry-Breaking High-Harmonic Spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:103202. [PMID: 31573280 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.103202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We propose and explore an all-optical technique for ultrafast characterization of electronic ring currents in atoms and molecules, based on high-harmonic generation (HHG). In our approach, a medium is irradiated by an intense reflection-symmetric laser pulse that leads to HHG, where the polarization of the emitted harmonics is strictly linear if the medium is reflection invariant (e.g., randomly oriented atomic or molecular media). The presence of a ring current in the medium breaks this symmetry, causing the emission of elliptically polarized harmonics, where the harmonics' polarization directly maps the ring current, and the signal is background-free. Scanning the delay between the current excitation and the HHG driving pulse provides an attosecond time-resolved signal for the multielectron dynamics in the excited current (including electron-electron interactions). We analyze the responsible physical mechanism and derive the analytic dependence of the HHG emission on the ring current. The method is numerically demonstrated using quantum models for neon and benzene, as well as through ab initio calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Neufeld
- Physics Department and Solid State Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Oren Cohen
- Physics Department and Solid State Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Neufeld O, Podolsky D, Cohen O. Floquet group theory and its application to selection rules in harmonic generation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:405. [PMID: 30679423 PMCID: PMC6345759 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07935-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Symmetry is one of the most generic and useful concepts in science, often leading to conservation laws and selection rules. Here we formulate a general group theory for dynamical symmetries (DSs) in time-periodic Floquet systems, and derive their correspondence to observable selection rules. We apply the theory to harmonic generation, deriving closed-form tables linking DSs of the driving laser and medium (gas, liquid, or solid) in (2+1)D and (3+1)D geometries to the allowed and forbidden harmonic orders and their polarizations. We identify symmetries, including time-reversal-based, reflection-based, and elliptical-based DSs, which lead to selection rules that are not explained by currently known conservation laws. We expect the theory to be useful for ultrafast high harmonic symmetry-breaking spectroscopy, as well as in various other systems such as Floquet topological insulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Neufeld
- Solid State Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000, Haifa, Israel. .,Physics Department, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Daniel Podolsky
- Physics Department, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000, Haifa, Israel
| | - Oren Cohen
- Solid State Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000, Haifa, Israel. .,Physics Department, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000, Haifa, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang C, Li X, Xiao XR, Yang Y, Luo S, Yu X, Xu X, Peng LY, Gong Q, Ding D. Accurate in situ Measurement of Ellipticity Based on Subcycle Ionization Dynamics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:013203. [PMID: 31012706 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.013203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Elliptically polarized laser pulses (EPLPs) are widely applied in many fields of ultrafast sciences, but the ellipticity (ϵ) has never been in situ measured in the interaction zone of the laser focus. In this Letter, we propose and realize a robust scheme to retrieve the ϵ by temporally overlapping two identical counterrotating EPLPs. The combined linearly electric field is coherently controlled to ionize Xe atoms by varying the phase delay between the two EPLPs. The electron spectra of the above-threshold ionization and the ion yield are sensitively modulated by the phase delay. We demonstrate that these modulations can be used to accurately determine ϵ of the EPLP. We show that the present method is highly reliable and is applicable in a wide range of laser parameters. The accurate retrieval of ϵ offers a better characterization of a laser pulse, promising a more delicate and quantitative control of the subcycle dynamics in many strong field processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuncheng Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xiaokai Li
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xiang-Ru Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yizhang Yang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Sizuo Luo
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xitao Yu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xinpeng Xu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Liang-You Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, West Bld. #3, No. 10 Xibeiwang East Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qihuang Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, West Bld. #3, No. 10 Xibeiwang East Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dajun Ding
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Plésiat E, Canton SE, Bozek JD, Decleva P, Martín F. Resonant Photoelectron Confinement in the SF6 Molecule. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:1062-1068. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Plésiat
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sophie E. Canton
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Dugonics ter 13, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - John D. Bozek
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Piero Decleva
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Universitá di Trieste and IOM-CNR, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Fernando Martín
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Harada Y, Haraguchi E, Kaneshima K, Sekikawa T. Circular dichroism in high harmonic generation from chiral molecules. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201920502001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Circularly polarized high harmonic generation from a chiral molecule was found to significantly depend both on the chirality and on the rotating direction of the circularly polarized counter-rotating two-color driving laser fields.
Collapse
|
29
|
Wang B, He L, Yuan H, Zhang Q, Lan P, Lu P. Carrier-envelope phase-dependent molecular high-order harmonic generation from H2+ in a multi-cycle regime. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:33440-33452. [PMID: 30645496 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.033440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Carrier-envelope phase (CEP) dependence of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) from H2+ in a multi-cycle laser pulse is investigated by solving the non-Born-Oppenheimer time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE). It is found that high harmonics in the plateau exhibit counterintuitive frequency modulation (FM) as the CEP of the multi-cycle laser varies. Based on the classical electron trajectories and time-frequency analysis, this multi-cycle CEP-dependent FM is demonstrated to result from the interference of half-cycle HHG radiations, which is modulated by laser-driven nuclear motion. The mechanism of the CEP-dependent FM is further confirmed by simulations based on a simple algorithm in the time domain, which satisfactorily reproduces the TDSE results. The CEP-dependent FM encodes rich information on the correlated electron and nuclear dynamics, which paves the way for probing nuclear motion with attosecond resolution.
Collapse
|
30
|
Barreau L, Veyrinas K, Gruson V, Weber SJ, Auguste T, Hergott JF, Lepetit F, Carré B, Houver JC, Dowek D, Salières P. Evidence of depolarization and ellipticity of high harmonics driven by ultrashort bichromatic circularly polarized fields. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4727. [PMID: 30413700 PMCID: PMC6226473 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07151-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
High harmonics generated by counter-rotating laser fields at the fundamental and second harmonic frequencies have raised important interest as a table-top source of circularly polarized ultrashort extreme-ultraviolet light. However, this emission has not yet been fully characterized: in particular it was assumed to be fully polarized, leading to an uncertainty on the effective harmonic ellipticity. Here we show, through simulations, that ultrashort driving fields and ultrafast medium ionization lead to a breaking of the dynamical symmetry of the interaction, and consequently to deviations from perfectly circular and fully polarized harmonics, already at the single-atom level. We perform the complete experimental characterization of the polarization state of high harmonics generated along that scheme, giving direct access to the ellipticity absolute value and sign, as well as the degree of polarization of individual harmonic orders. This study allows defining optimal generation conditions of fully circularly polarized harmonics for advanced studies of ultrafast dichroisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lou Barreau
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Kévin Veyrinas
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405, Orsay, France
| | - Vincent Gruson
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sébastien J Weber
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- CEMES, UPR 8011, CNRS-Université de Toulouse, 29, rue Jeanne Marvig, BP 94347, F-31055, Toulouse, France
| | - Thierry Auguste
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jean-François Hergott
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Fabien Lepetit
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Bertrand Carré
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Houver
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405, Orsay, France
| | - Danielle Dowek
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405, Orsay, France.
| | - Pascal Salières
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
With the development of intense femtosecond laser sources it has become possible to study atomic and molecular processes on their own subfemtosecond time scale. Table-top setups are available that generate intense coherent radiation in the extreme ultraviolet and soft-X-ray regime which have various applications in strong-field physics and attoscience. More recently, the emphasis is moving from the generation of linearly polarized pulses using a linearly polarized driving field to the generation of more complicated elliptically polarized polychromatic ultrashort pulses. The transverse electromagnetic field oscillates in a plane perpendicular to its propagation direction. Therefore, the two dimensions of field polarization plane are available for manipulation and tailoring of these ultrashort pulses. We present a field that allows such a tailoring, the so-called bicircular field. This field is the superposition of two circularly polarized fields with different frequencies that rotate in the same plane in opposite directions. We present results for two processes in a bicircular field: High-order harmonic generation and above-threshold ionization. For a wide range of laser field intensities, we compare high-order harmonic spectra generated by bicircular fields with the spectra generated by a linearly polarized laser field. We also investigate a possibility of introducing spin into attoscience with spin-polarized electrons produced in high-order above-threshold ionization by a bicircular field.
Collapse
|
32
|
Liu C, Manz J, Ohmori K, Sommer C, Takei N, Tremblay JC, Zhang Y. Attosecond Control of Restoration of Electronic Structure Symmetry. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:173201. [PMID: 30411939 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.173201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Laser pulses can break the electronic structure symmetry of atoms and molecules by preparing a superposition of states with different irreducible representations. Here, we discover the reverse process, symmetry restoration, by means of two circularly polarized laser pulses. The laser pulse for symmetry restoration is designed as a copy of the pulse for symmetry breaking. Symmetry restoration is achieved if the time delay is chosen such that the superposed states have the same phases at the temporal center. This condition must be satisfied with a precision of a few attoseconds. Numerical simulations are presented for the C_{6}H_{6} molecule and ^{87}Rb atom. The experimental feasibility of symmetry restoration is demonstrated by means of high-contrast time-dependent Ramsey interferometry of the ^{87}Rb atom.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ChunMei Liu
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörn Manz
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Kenji Ohmori
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University of Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Christian Sommer
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University of Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- Max-Planck-Institut für die Physik des Lichts, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nobuyuki Takei
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University of Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | | | - Yichi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Jia GR, Wang XQ, Du TY, Huang XH, Bian XB. High-order harmonic generation from 2D periodic potentials in circularly and bichromatic circularly polarized laser fields. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:154304. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5051598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Rui Jia
- College of Physics and Materials Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xin-Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao-Yuan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiao-Huan Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis and Reuse Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China
| | - Xue-Bin Bian
- College of Physics and Materials Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Frolov MV, Manakov NL, Minina AA, Vvedenskii NV, Silaev AA, Ivanov MY, Starace AF. Control of Harmonic Generation by the Time Delay Between Two-Color, Bicircular Few-Cycle Mid-IR Laser Pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:263203. [PMID: 30004720 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.263203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We study control of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) driven by time-delayed, few-cycle ω and 2ω counterrotating mid-IR pulses. Our numerical and analytical study shows that the time delay between the two-color pulses allows control of the harmonic positions, both those allowed by angular momentum conservation and those seemingly forbidden by it. Moreover, the helicity of any particular harmonic is tunable from left to right circular without changing the driving pulse helicity. The highest HHG yield occurs for a time delay comparable to the fundamental period T=2π/ω.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M V Frolov
- Department of Physics, Voronezh State University, Voronezh 394018, Russia
| | - N L Manakov
- Department of Physics, Voronezh State University, Voronezh 394018, Russia
| | - A A Minina
- Department of Physics, Voronezh State University, Voronezh 394018, Russia
| | - N V Vvedenskii
- Department of Physics, Voronezh State University, Voronezh 394018, Russia
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
- University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - A A Silaev
- Department of Physics, Voronezh State University, Voronezh 394018, Russia
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
- University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - M Yu Ivanov
- Max-Born Institute, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, Berlin D-12489, Germany
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, Humboldt University, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anthony F Starace
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0299, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kraus PM, Wörner HJ. Perspektiven für das Verständnis fundamentaler Elektronenkorrelationen durch Attosekundenspektroskopie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201702759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter M. Kraus
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - Hans Jakob Wörner
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bautista G, Dreser C, Zang X, Kern DP, Kauranen M, Fleischer M. Collective Effects in Second-Harmonic Generation from Plasmonic Oligomers. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:2571-2580. [PMID: 29584937 PMCID: PMC6150722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigate collective effects in plasmonic oligomers of different symmetries using second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy with cylindrical vector beams (CVBs). The oligomers consist of gold nanorods that have a longitudinal plasmon resonance close to the fundamental wavelength that is used for SHG excitation and whose long axes are arranged locally such that they follow the distribution of the transverse component of the electric field of radially or azimuthally polarized CVBs in the focal plane. We observe that SHG from such rotationally symmetric oligomers is strongly modified by the interplay between the polarization properties of the CVB and interparticle coupling. We find that the oligomers with radially oriented nanorods exhibit small coupling effects. In contrast, we find that the oligomers with azimuthally oriented nanorods exhibit large coupling effects that lead to silencing of SHG from the whole structure. Our experimental results are in very good agreement with numerical calculations based on the boundary element method. The work describes a new route for studying coupling effects in complex arrangements of nano-objects and thereby for tailoring the efficiency of nonlinear optical effects in such structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Godofredo Bautista
- Laboratory
of Photonics, Tampere University of Technology, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Christoph Dreser
- Institute
for Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Center
for Light-Matter-Interaction, Sensors and Analytics LISA, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Xiaorun Zang
- Laboratory
of Photonics, Tampere University of Technology, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Dieter P. Kern
- Institute
for Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Center
for Light-Matter-Interaction, Sensors and Analytics LISA, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martti Kauranen
- Laboratory
of Photonics, Tampere University of Technology, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Monika Fleischer
- Institute
for Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Center
for Light-Matter-Interaction, Sensors and Analytics LISA, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kraus PM, Wörner HJ. Perspectives of Attosecond Spectroscopy for the Understanding of Fundamental Electron Correlations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:5228-5247. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201702759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter M. Kraus
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - Hans Jakob Wörner
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chen ZY. Spectral control of high harmonics from relativistic plasmas using bicircular fields. Phys Rev E 2018; 97:043202. [PMID: 29758676 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.97.043202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We introduce two-color counterrotating circularly polarized laser fields as a way to spectrally control high harmonic generation (HHG) from relativistic plasma mirrors. Through particle-in-cell simulations, we show that only a selected group of harmonic orders can appear owing to the symmetry of the laser fields and the related conservation laws. By adjusting the intensity ratio of the two driving field components, we demonstrate the overall HHG efficiency, the relative intensity of allowed neighboring harmonic orders, and that the polarization state of the harmonic source can be tuned. The HHG efficiency of this scheme can be as high as that driven by a linearly polarized laser field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yu Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Neufeld O, Cohen O. Optical Chirality in Nonlinear Optics: Application to High Harmonic Generation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:133206. [PMID: 29694217 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.133206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Optical chirality (OC)-one of the fundamental quantities of electromagnetic fields-corresponds to the instantaneous chirality of light. It has been utilized for exploring chiral light-matter interactions in linear optics, but has not yet been applied to nonlinear processes. Motivated to explore the role of OC in the generation of helically polarized high-order harmonics and attosecond pulses, we first separate the OC of transversal and paraxial beams to polarization and orbital terms. We find that the polarization-associated OC of attosecond pulses corresponds approximately to that of the pump in the quasimonochromatic case, but not in the multichromatic pump cases. We associate this discrepancy with the fact that the polarization OC of multichromatic pumps vary rapidly in time along the optical cycle. Thus, we propose new quantities, noninstantaneous polarization-associated OC, and time-scale-weighted polarization-associated OC, and show that these quantities link the chirality of multichromatic pumps and their generated attosecond pulses. The presented extension to OC theory should be useful for exploring various nonlinear chiral light-matter interactions. For example, it stimulates us to propose a tricircular pump for generation of highly elliptical attosecond pulses with a tunable ellipticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Neufeld
- Solid State Institute and Physics department, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Oren Cohen
- Solid State Institute and Physics department, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Baykusheva D, Brennecke S, Lein M, Wörner HJ. Signatures of Electronic Structure in Bicircular High-Harmonic Spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:203201. [PMID: 29219334 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.203201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
High-harmonic spectroscopy driven by circularly polarized laser pulses and their counterrotating second harmonic is a new branch of attosecond science which currently lacks quantitative interpretations. We extend this technique to the midinfrared regime and record detailed high-harmonic spectra of several rare-gas atoms. These results are compared with the solution of the Schrödinger equation in three dimensions and calculations based on the strong-field approximation that incorporate accurate scattering-wave recombination matrix elements. A quantum-orbit analysis of these results provides a transparent interpretation of the measured intensity ratios of symmetry-allowed neighboring harmonics in terms of (i) a set of propensity rules related to the angular momentum of the atomic orbitals, (ii) atom-specific matrix elements related to their electronic structure, and (iii) the interference of the emissions associated with electrons in orbitals corotating or counterrotating with the laser fields. These results provide the foundation for a quantitative understanding of bicircular high-harmonic spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denitsa Baykusheva
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Brennecke
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Manfred Lein
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hans Jakob Wörner
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhavoronkov N, Ivanov M. Extended ellipticity control for attosecond pulses by high harmonic generation. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:4720-4723. [PMID: 29140352 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.004720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Attosecond (1 as=10-18 s) pulses produced through high harmonic generation (HHG) are a basis for studies of electron dynamics during light-matter interaction on an electron's natural time scale. Extensively exploited HHG technology has, however, a few unsolved problems, where producing of circularly polarized or chiral attosecond pulses belongs to them. We have demonstrated experimentally a way to control the ellipticity of attosecond pulse trains produced via HHG in two-color, bi-circular laser fields. We show that the combination of a nonlinear medium position and the intensities of the two-color driving laser fields create an effective helicity-dependent filter. Based on this approach, we report generation of chiral spectra providing potential to produce attosecond pulses with polarization tuned from the rotating, but linear to highly elliptic, with ellipticity as much as ϵ=0.75. This new way to create a chiral-sensitive element offers a simple and practical knob to control polarization for a combined harmonics field in a smooth and predictable manner.
Collapse
|
42
|
Wörner HJ, Arrell CA, Banerji N, Cannizzo A, Chergui M, Das AK, Hamm P, Keller U, Kraus PM, Liberatore E, Lopez-Tarifa P, Lucchini M, Meuwly M, Milne C, Moser JE, Rothlisberger U, Smolentsev G, Teuscher J, van Bokhoven JA, Wenger O. Charge migration and charge transfer in molecular systems. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2017; 4:061508. [PMID: 29333473 PMCID: PMC5745195 DOI: 10.1063/1.4996505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The transfer of charge at the molecular level plays a fundamental role in many areas of chemistry, physics, biology and materials science. Today, more than 60 years after the seminal work of R. A. Marcus, charge transfer is still a very active field of research. An important recent impetus comes from the ability to resolve ever faster temporal events, down to the attosecond time scale. Such a high temporal resolution now offers the possibility to unravel the most elementary quantum dynamics of both electrons and nuclei that participate in the complex process of charge transfer. This review covers recent research that addresses the following questions. Can we reconstruct the migration of charge across a molecule on the atomic length and electronic time scales? Can we use strong laser fields to control charge migration? Can we temporally resolve and understand intramolecular charge transfer in dissociative ionization of small molecules, in transition-metal complexes and in conjugated polymers? Can we tailor molecular systems towards specific charge-transfer processes? What are the time scales of the elementary steps of charge transfer in liquids and nanoparticles? Important new insights into each of these topics, obtained from state-of-the-art ultrafast spectroscopy and/or theoretical methods, are summarized in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher A Arrell
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Natalie Banerji
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Cannizzo
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Majed Chergui
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Akshaya K Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Hamm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Keller
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Elisa Liberatore
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Lopez-Tarifa
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Markus Meuwly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Chris Milne
- SwissFEL, Paul-Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Jacques-E Moser
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Rothlisberger
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Joël Teuscher
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Oliver Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Jiménez-Galán Á, Zhavoronkov N, Schloz M, Morales F, Ivanov M. Time-resolved high harmonic spectroscopy of dynamical symmetry breaking in bi-circular laser fields: the role of Rydberg states. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:22880-22896. [PMID: 29041594 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.022880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The bi-circular scheme for high harmonic generation, which combines two counter-rotating circular fields with frequency ratio 2:1, has recently permitted to generate high harmonics with essentially circular polarization, opening the way for ultrafast chiral studies. This scheme produces harmonic lines at 3N + 1 and 3N + 2 multiples of the fundamental driving frequency, while the 3N lines are forbidden owing to the three-fold symmetry of the field. It is generally established that the routinely observed signals at these forbidden harmonic lines come from a slight ellipticity in the driving fields, which breaks the three-fold symmetry. We find that this is neither the only nor it is the dominant mechanism responsible. The forbidden lines can be observed even for perfectly circular, long driving pulses. We show that they encode rich information on the sub-cycle electronic dynamics that occur during the generation process. By varying the time delay and relative intensity between the two drivers, we demonstrate that when the second harmonic either precedes or is more intense than the fundamental field, the weak effects of dynamical symmetry breaking caused by finite pulse duration are amplified by electrons trapped in Rydberg orbits (i.e., Freeman resonances), and that the forbidden harmonic lines are a witness of this.
Collapse
|
44
|
Dorney KM, Ellis JL, Hernández-García C, Hickstein DD, Mancuso CA, Brooks N, Fan T, Fan G, Zusin D, Gentry C, Grychtol P, Kapteyn HC, Murnane MM. Helicity-Selective Enhancement and Polarization Control of Attosecond High Harmonic Waveforms Driven by Bichromatic Circularly Polarized Laser Fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:063201. [PMID: 28949633 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.063201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
High harmonics driven by two-color counterrotating circularly polarized laser fields are a unique source of bright, circularly polarized, extreme ultraviolet, and soft x-ray beams, where the individual harmonics themselves are completely circularly polarized. Here, we demonstrate the ability to preferentially select either the right or left circularly polarized harmonics simply by adjusting the relative intensity ratio of the bichromatic circularly polarized driving laser field. In the frequency domain, this significantly enhances the harmonic orders that rotate in the same direction as the higher-intensity driving laser. In the time domain, this helicity-dependent enhancement corresponds to control over the polarization of the resulting attosecond waveforms. This helicity control enables the generation of circularly polarized high harmonics with a user-defined polarization of the underlying attosecond bursts. In the future, this technique should allow for the production of bright highly elliptical harmonic supercontinua as well as the generation of isolated elliptically polarized attosecond pulses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Dorney
- JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Jennifer L Ellis
- JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Carlos Hernández-García
- Grupo de Investigación en Aplicaciones del Láser y Fotónica, Departamento de Física Aplicada, University of Salamanca, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Daniel D Hickstein
- JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Christopher A Mancuso
- JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Nathan Brooks
- JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Tingting Fan
- JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Guangyu Fan
- Photonics Institute, Vienna University of Technology, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dmitriy Zusin
- JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Christian Gentry
- JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Patrik Grychtol
- JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Henry C Kapteyn
- JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Margaret M Murnane
- JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Molecular photoelectron interference effects by intense circularly polarized attosecond x-ray pulses. Struct Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-017-0964-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
46
|
Nisoli M, Decleva P, Calegari F, Palacios A, Martín F. Attosecond Electron Dynamics in Molecules. Chem Rev 2017; 117:10760-10825. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Nisoli
- Department
of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, IFN-CNR, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Piero Decleva
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Universitá di Trieste and IOM- CNR, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesca Calegari
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, IFN-CNR, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department
of Physics, University of Hamburg, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alicia Palacios
- Departamento
de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Martín
- Departamento
de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Condensed
Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhang X, Zhu X, Liu X, Wang D, Zhang Q, Lan P, Lu P. Ellipticity-tunable attosecond XUV pulse generation with a rotating bichromatic circularly polarized laser field. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:1027-1030. [PMID: 28295083 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.001027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We propose and theoretically demonstrate a method to generate attosecond XUV pulses with tunable ellipticity from aligned molecules irradiated by a bichromatic counterrotating circularly polarized (BCCP) driving laser field. By rotating the BCCP field, the attoseond XUV pulse varies from being left elliptically polarized to right elliptically polarized. The rotation of the BCCP field can be easily achieved by adjusting the relative phases between the two circularly polarized components. This scheme will benefit a broad range of applications, including the exploration of chiral-sensitive properties of the light-matter interaction and time-resolved imaging of magnetic structures.
Collapse
|
48
|
Hasović E, Odžak S, Becker W, Milošević D. High-order harmonic generation in non-planar molecules driven by a bicircular field. Mol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2016.1257830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Hasović
- Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo , Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - S. Odžak
- Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo , Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - W. Becker
- Max-Born-Institut , Berlin, Germany
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI , Moscow, Russia
| | - D.B. Milošević
- Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo , Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Max-Born-Institut , Berlin, Germany
- Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina , Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Mancuso CA, Dorney KM, Hickstein DD, Chaloupka JL, Ellis JL, Dollar FJ, Knut R, Grychtol P, Zusin D, Gentry C, Gopalakrishnan M, Kapteyn HC, Murnane MM. Controlling Nonsequential Double Ionization in Two-Color Circularly Polarized Femtosecond Laser Fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:133201. [PMID: 27715086 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.133201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Atoms undergoing strong-field ionization in two-color circularly polarized femtosecond laser fields exhibit unique two-dimensional photoelectron trajectories and can emit bright circularly polarized extreme ultraviolet and soft-x-ray beams. In this Letter, we present the first experimental observation of nonsequential double ionization in these tailored laser fields. Moreover, we can enhance or suppress nonsequential double ionization by changing the intensity ratio and helicity of the two driving laser fields to maximize or minimize high-energy electron-ion rescattering. Our experimental results are explained through classical simulations, which also provide insight into how to optimize the generation of circularly polarized high harmonic beams.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Mancuso
- JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Kevin M Dorney
- JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Daniel D Hickstein
- JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Jan L Chaloupka
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, Colorado 80639, USA
| | - Jennifer L Ellis
- JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Franklin J Dollar
- JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Ronny Knut
- JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Patrik Grychtol
- JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Dmitriy Zusin
- JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Christian Gentry
- JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | | | - Henry C Kapteyn
- JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Margaret M Murnane
- JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Reich DM, Madsen LB. Illuminating Molecular Symmetries with Bicircular High-Order-Harmonic Generation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:133902. [PMID: 27715131 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.133902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a general theory of bicircular high-order-harmonic generation from N-fold rotationally symmetric molecules. Using a rotating frame of reference we predict the complete structure of the high-order-harmonic spectra for arbitrary driving frequency ratios and show how molecular symmetries can be directly identified from the harmonic signal. Our findings reveal that a characteristic fingerprint of rotational molecular symmetries can be universally observed in the ultrafast response of molecules to strong bicircular fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Reich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Lars Bojer Madsen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|