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Elsayed HA, Mohamed AG, El-Sherbeeny AM, Aly AH, Abukhadra MR, Al Zoubi W, Mehaney A. Improved performance of temperature sensors based on the one-dimensional topological photonic crystals comprising hyperbolic metamaterials. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19733. [PMID: 39183352 PMCID: PMC11345424 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69751-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper seeks to progress the field of topological photonic crystals (TPC) as a promising tool in face of construction flaws. In particular, the structure can be used as a novel temperature sensor. In this regard, the considered TPC structure comprising two different PC designs named PC1 and PC2. PC1 is designed from a stack of multilayers containing Silicon (Si) and Silicon dioxide (SiO2), while layers of SiO2 and composite layer named hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM) are considered in designing PC2. The HMM layer is engineered using subwavelength layers of Si and Bismuth Germinate, or BGO (Bi 4 Ge 3 O 12 ). The mainstay of our suggested temperature sensor is mainly based on the emergence of some resonant modes inside the transmittance spectrum that provide the stability in the presence of the geometrical changes. Meanwhile, our theoretical framework has been introduced in the vicinity of transfer matrix method (TMM), effective medium theory (EMT) and the thermo-optic characteristics of the considered materials. The numerical findings have extensively introduced the role of some topological parameters such as layers' thicknesses, filling ratio through HMM layers and the periodicity of HMM on the stability or the topological features of the introduced sensor. Meanwhile, the numerical results reveal that the considered design provides some topological edge states (TESs) of a promising robustness and stability against certain disturbances or geometrical changes in the constituent materials. In addition, our sensing tool offers a relatively high sensitivity of 0.27 nm/°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein A Elsayed
- TH-PPM Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62512, Egypt
| | - Aliaa G Mohamed
- TH-PPM Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62512, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M El-Sherbeeny
- Industrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, 11421, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arafa H Aly
- TH-PPM Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62512, Egypt
- Department of Technical Sciences, Western Caspian University, Baku 1001, Azerbaijan
| | - Mostafa R Abukhadra
- Materials Technologies and Their Applications Lab, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef City, Egypt
| | - Wail Al Zoubi
- Materials Electrochemistry Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ahmed Mehaney
- TH-PPM Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62512, Egypt.
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2
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Chen F, Xue H, Pan Y, Wang M, Hu Y, Zhang L, Chen Q, Han S, Liu GG, Gao Z, Zhou P, Yin W, Chen H, Zhang B, Yang Y. Multiple Brillouin Zone Winding of Topological Chiral Edge States for Slow Light Applications. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:156602. [PMID: 38682981 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.156602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Photonic Chern insulators are known for their topological chiral edge states (CESs), whose absolute existence is determined by the bulk band topology, but concrete dispersion can be engineered to exhibit various properties. For example, the previous theory suggested that the edge dispersion can wind many times around the Brillouin zone to slow down light, which can potentially overcome fundamental limitations in conventional slow-light devices: narrow bandwidth and keen sensitivity to fabrication imperfection. Here, we report the first experimental demonstration of this idea, achieved by coupling CESs with resonance-induced nearly flat bands. We show that the backscattering-immune hybridized CESs are significantly slowed down over a relatively broad bandwidth. Our work thus paves an avenue to broadband topological slow-light devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
- Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321099, China
- Shaoxing Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Haoran Xue
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
- Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321099, China
- Shaoxing Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Maoren Wang
- Key Laboratory of Multi-spectral Absorbing Materials and Structures of Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Yuanhang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Multi-spectral Absorbing Materials and Structures of Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
- Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321099, China
- Shaoxing Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Qiaolu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
- Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321099, China
- Shaoxing Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Song Han
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
- Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321099, China
- Shaoxing Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Gui-Geng Liu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhen Gao
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Peiheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Multi-spectral Absorbing Materials and Structures of Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Wenyan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hongsheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
- Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321099, China
- Shaoxing Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Baile Zhang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Yihao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
- Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321099, China
- Shaoxing Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing 312000, China
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3
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Park H, Oh SS, Lee S. Surface potential-adjusted surface states in 3D topological photonic crystals. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7173. [PMID: 38531983 PMCID: PMC11344842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56894-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Surface potential in a topological matter could unprecedentedly localize the waves. However, this surface potential is yet to be exploited in topological photonic systems. Here, we demonstrate that photonic surface states can be induced and controlled by the surface potential in a dielectric double gyroid (DG) photonic crystal. The basis translation in a unit cell enables tuning of the surface potential, which in turn regulates the degree of wave localization. The gradual modulation of DG photonic crystals enables the generation of a pseudomagnetic field. Overall, this study shows the interplay between surface potential and pseudomagnetic field regarding the surface states. The physical consequences outlined herein not only widen the scope of surface states in 3D photonic crystals but also highlight the importance of surface treatments in a photonic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haedong Park
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK.
| | - Sang Soon Oh
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK.
| | - Seungwoo Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomicrosystem Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Integrative Energy Engineering and KU Photonics Center, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Qian C, Jiang Y, Jin J, Christensen T, Soljačić M, Kildishev AV, Zhen B. Topological electromagnetic waves in dispersive and lossy plasma crystals. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20445. [PMID: 37993725 PMCID: PMC10665461 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47848-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Topological photonic crystals, which offer topologically protected and back-scattering-immune transport channels, have recently gained significant attention for both scientific and practical reasons. Although most current studies focus on dielectric materials with weak dispersions, this study focuses on topological phases in dispersive materials and presents a numerical study of Chern insulators in gaseous-phase plasma cylinder cells. We develop a numerical framework to address the complex material dispersion arising from the plasma medium and external magnetic fields and identify Chern insulator phases that are experimentally achievable. Using this numerical tool, we also explain the flat bands commonly observed in periodic plasmonic structures, via local resonances, and how edge states change as the edge termination is periodically modified. This work opens up opportunities for exploring band topology in new materials with non-trivial dispersions and has potential radio frequency (RF) applications, ranging from plasma-based lighting to plasma propulsion engines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Qian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Yue Jiang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Jicheng Jin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Thomas Christensen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, Cambridge, 02139, USA
| | - Marin Soljačić
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, Cambridge, 02139, USA
| | - Alexander V Kildishev
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University West Lafayette, Birck Nanotechnology Center and Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute (PQSEI), West Lafayette, 47907, USA
| | - Bo Zhen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA.
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5
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Xie B, Huang R, Jia S, Lin Z, Hu J, Jiang Y, Ma S, Zhan P, Lu M, Wang Z, Chen Y, Zhang S. Bulk-local-density-of-state correspondence in topological insulators. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7347. [PMID: 37963897 PMCID: PMC10646048 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42449-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In the quest to connect bulk topological quantum numbers to measurable parameters in real materials, current established approaches often necessitate specific conditions, limiting their applicability. Here we propose and demonstrate an approach to link the non-trivial hierarchical bulk topology to the multidimensional partition of local density of states (LDOS), denoted as the bulk-LDOS correspondence. In finite-size topologically nontrivial photonic crystals, we observe the LDOS partitioned into three distinct regions: a two-dimensional interior bulk area, a one-dimensional edge region, and zero-dimensional corner sites. Contrarily, topologically trivial cases exhibit uniform LDOS distribution across the entire two-dimensional bulk area. Our findings provide a general framework for distinguishing topological insulators and uncovering novel aspects of topological directional band-gap materials, even in the absence of in-gap states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biye Xie
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, China
| | - Renwen Huang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
- School of Physics, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiyin Jia
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
- School of Physics, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Zemeng Lin
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junzheng Hu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
- School of Physics, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Yao Jiang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
- School of Physics, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaojie Ma
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peng Zhan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China.
- School of Physics, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China.
| | - Minghui Lu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhenlin Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
- School of Physics, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanfeng Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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6
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Gunnink PM, Harms JS, Duine RA, Mook A. Zero-Frequency Chiral Magnonic Edge States Protected by Nonequilibrium Topology. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:126601. [PMID: 37802951 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.126601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Topological bosonic excitations must, in contrast to their fermionic counterparts, appear at finite energies. This is a key challenge for magnons, as it prevents straightforward excitation and detection of topologically protected magnonic edge states and their use in magnonic devices. In this Letter, we show that in a nonequilibrium state, in which the magnetization is pointing against the external magnetic field, the topologically protected chiral edge states in a magnon Chern insulator can be lowered to zero frequency, making them directly accessible by existing experimental techniques. We discuss the spin-orbit torque required to stabilize this nonequilibrium state, and show explicitly using numerical Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert simulations that the edge states can be excited with a microwave field. Finally, we consider a propagating spin wave spectroscopy experiment, and demonstrate that the edge states can be directly detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter M Gunnink
- Institute for Theoretical Physics and Center for Extreme Matter and Emergent Phenomena, Utrecht University, Leuvenlaan 4, 3584 CE Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joren S Harms
- Institute for Theoretical Physics and Center for Extreme Matter and Emergent Phenomena, Utrecht University, Leuvenlaan 4, 3584 CE Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rembert A Duine
- Institute for Theoretical Physics and Center for Extreme Matter and Emergent Phenomena, Utrecht University, Leuvenlaan 4, 3584 CE Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Mook
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, Mainz 55128, Germany
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7
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Qiu W, Zhou L, Wang Y, Jiang X, Huang C, Zhou L, Zhan Q, Hu J. Strong coupling of multiple optical interface modes with ultra-narrow linewidth in one-dimensional topological photonic heterostructures. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:20457-20470. [PMID: 37381440 DOI: 10.1364/oe.492299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Coherent coupling of optical modes with a high Q-factor underpins realization of efficient light-matter interaction with multi-channels in resonant nanostructures. Here we theoretically studied the strong longitudinal coupling of three topological photonic states (TPSs) in a one-dimensional topological photonic crystal heterostructure embedded with a graphene monolayer in the visible frequencies. It is found that the three TPSs can strongly interplay with one another in the longitudinal direction, enabling a large Rabi splitting (∼ 48 meV) in spectral response. The triple-band perfect absorption and selective longitudinal field confinement have been demonstrated, where the linewidth of hybrid modes can reach 0.2 nm with Q-factor up to 2.6 × 103. Mode hybridization of dual- and triple-TPSs were investigated by calculation of the field profiles and Hopfield coefficients of the hybrid modes. Moreover, simulation results further show that resonant frequencies of the three hybrid TPSs can be actively controlled by simply changing the incident angle or structural parameters, which are nearly polarization independent in this strong coupling system. With the multichannel, narrow-band light trapping and selectively strong field localization in this simple multilayer regime, one can envision new possibilities for developing the practical topological photonic devices for on-chip optical detection, sensing, filtering, and light-emitting.
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Abstract
The topological properties of an object, associated with an integer called the topological invariant, are global features that cannot change continuously but only through abrupt variations, hence granting them intrinsic robustness. Engineered metamaterials (MMs) can be tailored to support highly nontrivial topological properties of their band structure, relative to their electronic, electromagnetic, acoustic and mechanical response, representing one of the major breakthroughs in physics over the past decade. Here, we review the foundations and the latest advances of topological photonic and phononic MMs, whose nontrivial wave interactions have become of great interest to a broad range of science disciplines, such as classical and quantum chemistry. We first introduce the basic concepts, including the notion of topological charge and geometric phase. We then discuss the topology of natural electronic materials, before reviewing their photonic/phononic topological MM analogues, including 2D topological MMs with and without time-reversal symmetry, Floquet topological insulators, 3D, higher-order, non-Hermitian and nonlinear topological MMs. We also discuss the topological aspects of scattering anomalies, chemical reactions and polaritons. This work aims at connecting the recent advances of topological concepts throughout a broad range of scientific areas and it highlights opportunities offered by topological MMs for the chemistry community and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ni
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
- School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Simon Yves
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Alex Krasnok
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33174, USA
| | - Andrea Alù
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City College, The City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Physics Program, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
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9
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Xia SX, Zhang D, Zheng Z, Zhai X, Li H, Liu JQ, Wang LL, Wen SC. Topological plasmons in stacked graphene nanoribbons. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:644-647. [PMID: 36723553 DOI: 10.1364/ol.483622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we theoretically study the topological plasmons in Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model-based graphene nanoribbon (GNR) layers. We find that for the one-dimensional (1D) stacked case, only two topological modes with the field localized in the top or bottom layer are predicted to exist by the Zak phase. When we further expand the stacked 1D GNR layers to two-dimensional (2D) arrays in the in-plane direction, the topology is then characterized by the 2D Zak phase, which predicts the emergence of three kinds of topological modes: topological edge, surface, and corner modes. For a 2D ribbon array with Nx × Ny units, there are 4(Ny - 1), 4(Nx - 1), and 4 topological edge, surface, and corner modes, and the field is highly localized at the edge/surface/corner ribbons. This work offers a platform to realize topological modes in GNRs and could be important for the design of topological photonic devices such as lasers and sensors.
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Fan J, Sun Z, Lu Y, Luo W, Ren M, Cai W, Xu J. Topological super-modes engineering with acoustic graphene plasmons. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:3698-3707. [PMID: 36785356 DOI: 10.1364/oe.480044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic graphene plasmons (AGPs) in a graphene-dielectric-metal structure possess extreme field localization and low loss, which have promising applications in strong photon-matter interaction and integrated photonic devices. Here, we propose two kinds of one-dimensional crystals supporting propagating AGPs with different topological properties, which is confirmed by the Zak phase calculations and the electric field symmetry analysis. Moreover, by combining these two plasmonic crystals to form a superlattice system, the super-modes exist because of the coupling between isolated topological interface states. A flat-like dispersion of super-modes is observed by designing the superlattice. These results should find applications in optical sensing and integrating photonic devices with plasmonic crystals.
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11
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Topologically protected plasmonic phases in randomized aperture gratings. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1006. [PMID: 36653436 PMCID: PMC9849355 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28022-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We experimentally show the excitation of surface plasmons by topologically protected diffraction from gratings with randomized periodicity. The structures are designed such that the plasmonic excitation is conditioned by the proper combination of the geometric and the dynamic phases. Accordingly, it is possible to obtain a precise interaction of the incident light signal and a specific plasmonic directional mode in a polarization dependent manner.
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12
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Abstract
Surface plasmons, which allow tight confinement of light, suffer from high intrinsic electronic losses. It has been shown that stimulated emission from excited electrons can transfer energy to plasmons and compensate for the high intrinsic losses. To-date, these realizations have relied on introducing an external gain media coupled to the surface plasmon. Here, we propose that plasmons in two-dimensional materials with closely located electron and hole Fermi pockets can be amplified, when an electrical current bias is applied along the displaced electron-hole pockets, without the need for an external gain media. As a prototypical example, we consider WTe2 from the family of 1T[Formula: see text]-MX2 materials, whose electronic structure can be described within a type-II tilted massive Dirac model. We find that the nonlocal plasmonic response experiences prominent gain for experimentally accessible currents on the order of mAμm-1. Furthermore, the group velocity of the plasmon found from the isofrequency curves imply that the amplified plasmons are highly collimated along a direction perpendicular to the Dirac node tilt when the electrical current is applied along it.
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13
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Interface nano-optics with van der Waals polaritons. Nature 2021; 597:187-195. [PMID: 34497390 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03581-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Polaritons are hybrid excitations of matter and photons. In recent years, polaritons in van der Waals nanomaterials-known as van der Waals polaritons-have shown great promise to guide the flow of light at the nanoscale over spectral regions ranging from the visible to the terahertz. A vibrant research field based on manipulating strong light-matter interactions in the form of polaritons, supported by these atomically thin van der Waals nanomaterials, is emerging for advanced nanophotonic and opto-electronic applications. Here we provide an overview of the state of the art of exploiting interface optics-such as refractive optics, meta-optics and moiré engineering-for the control of van der Waals polaritons. This enhanced control over van der Waals polaritons at the nanoscale has not only unveiled many new phenomena, but has also inspired valuable applications-including new avenues for nano-imaging, sensing, on-chip optical circuitry, and potentially many others in the years to come.
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14
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Dong Y, Xiong L, Phinney IY, Sun Z, Jing R, McLeod AS, Zhang S, Liu S, Ruta FL, Gao H, Dong Z, Pan R, Edgar JH, Jarillo-Herrero P, Levitov LS, Millis AJ, Fogler MM, Bandurin DA, Basov DN. Fizeau drag in graphene plasmonics. Nature 2021; 594:513-516. [PMID: 34163054 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03640-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dragging of light by moving media was predicted by Fresnel1 and verified by Fizeau's celebrated experiments2 with flowing water. This momentous discovery is among the experimental cornerstones of Einstein's special relativity theory and is well understood3,4 in the context of relativistic kinematics. By contrast, experiments on dragging photons by an electron flow in solids are riddled with inconsistencies and have so far eluded agreement with the theory5-7. Here we report on the electron flow dragging surface plasmon polaritons8,9 (SPPs): hybrid quasiparticles of infrared photons and electrons in graphene. The drag is visualized directly through infrared nano-imaging of propagating plasmonic waves in the presence of a high-density current. The polaritons in graphene shorten their wavelength when propagating against the drifting carriers. Unlike the Fizeau effect for light, the SPP drag by electrical currents defies explanation by simple kinematics and is linked to the nonlinear electrodynamics of Dirac electrons in graphene. The observed plasmonic Fizeau drag enables breaking of time-reversal symmetry and reciprocity10 at infrared frequencies without resorting to magnetic fields11,12 or chiral optical pumping13,14. The Fizeau drag also provides a tool with which to study interactions and nonequilibrium effects in electron liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Dong
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - L Xiong
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - I Y Phinney
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Z Sun
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - R Jing
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - A S McLeod
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Zhang
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Liu
- The Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - F L Ruta
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - H Gao
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Z Dong
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - R Pan
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - J H Edgar
- The Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - P Jarillo-Herrero
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - L S Levitov
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - A J Millis
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - M M Fogler
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - D A Bandurin
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - D N Basov
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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15
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Smith TB, Kocabas C, Principi A. Topological plasmonic waveguides in triharmonic metal gratings. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:265003. [PMID: 33853042 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abf7e0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We study topological surface-plasmon-polaritons at optical frequencies in tri-harmonic diffraction gratings formed at a metal-dielectric interface. The latter are shown to well approximate a bipartite Kronig-Penney model. Topologically protected localised modes are then predicted to occur at the edges of the grating and at defects formed by the combination of two mirror antisymmetric corrugations, whose bulk invariant is a step-wise varying Zak phase in both cases. An interesting special case wherein the defect state is in-fact forbidden is also observed that reveals the fragility of such states despite their topological nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Benjamin Smith
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PY, United Kingdom
| | - Coskun Kocabas
- The National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Booth Street East, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Principi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PY, United Kingdom
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16
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Xiong L, Li Y, Jung M, Forsythe C, Zhang S, McLeod AS, Dong Y, Liu S, Ruta FL, Li C, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Fogler MM, Edgar JH, Shvets G, Dean CR, Basov DN. Programmable Bloch polaritons in graphene. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabe8087. [PMID: 33962941 PMCID: PMC8104864 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe8087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Efficient control of photons is enabled by hybridizing light with matter. The resulting light-matter quasi-particles can be readily programmed by manipulating either their photonic or matter constituents. Here, we hybridized infrared photons with graphene Dirac electrons to form surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and uncovered a previously unexplored means to control SPPs in structures with periodically modulated carrier density. In these periodic structures, common SPPs with continuous dispersion are transformed into Bloch polaritons with attendant discrete bands separated by bandgaps. We explored directional Bloch polaritons and steered their propagation by dialing the proper gate voltage. Fourier analysis of the near-field images corroborates that this on-demand nano-optics functionality is rooted in the polaritonic band structure. Our programmable polaritonic platform paves the way for the much-sought benefits of on-the-chip photonic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xiong
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Yutao Li
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Minwoo Jung
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Carlos Forsythe
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | | | - Yinan Dong
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Song Liu
- The Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Frank L Ruta
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Casey Li
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Michael M Fogler
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - James H Edgar
- The Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Gennady Shvets
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Cory R Dean
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - D N Basov
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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17
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Mu X, Hu L, Cheng Y, Fang Y, Sun M. Chiral surface plasmon-enhanced chiral spectroscopy: principles and applications. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:581-601. [PMID: 33410859 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06272c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this review, the development context and scientific research results of chiral surface plasmons (SPs) in recent years are classified and described in detail. First, the principle of chiral SPs is introduced through classical and quantum theory. Following this, the classification and properties of different chiral structures, as well as the superchiral near-field, are introduced in detail. Second, we describe the excitation and propagation properties of chiral SPs, which lays a good foundation for the application of chiral SPs and their chiral spectra in various fields. After that, we have summarized the recent research results of chiral SPs and their applications in the areas of biology, two-dimensional materials, topological materials, analytical chemistry, chiral sensing, chiral optical force, and chiral light detection. Chiral SPs are a new type of optical phenomenon that have useful application potential in many fields and are worth exploring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijiao Mu
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P.R. China.
| | - Li Hu
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Detection, Control and Integrated System, School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, P. R. China
| | - Yuqing Cheng
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P.R. China.
| | - Yurui Fang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Electron, and Ion Beams (Ministry of Education), School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Mengtao Sun
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P.R. China. and Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, P. R. China
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18
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Brey L, Stauber T, Slipchenko T, Martín-Moreno L. Plasmonic Dirac Cone in Twisted Bilayer Graphene. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:256804. [PMID: 33416378 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.256804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We discuss plasmons of biased twisted bilayer graphene when the Fermi level lies inside the gap. The collective excitations are a network of chiral edge plasmons (CEP) entirely composed of excitations in the topological electronic edge states that appear at the AB-BA interfaces. The CEP form a hexagonal network with a unique energy scale ε_{p}=(e^{2})/(ε_{0}εt_{0}) with t_{0} the moiré lattice constant and ε the dielectric constant. From the dielectric matrix we obtain the plasmon spectra that has two main characteristics: (i) a diverging density of states at zero energy, and (ii) the presence of a plasmonic Dirac cone at ℏω∼ε_{p}/2 with sound velocity v_{D}=0.0075c, which is formed by zigzag and armchair current oscillations. A network model reveals that the antisymmetry of the plasmon bands implies that CEP scatter at the hexagon vertices maximally in the deflected chiral outgoing directions, with a current ratio of 4/9 into each of the deflected directions and 1/9 into the forward one. We show that scanning near-field microscopy should be able to observe the predicted plasmonic Dirac cone and its broken symmetry phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Brey
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (CSIC), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - T Stauber
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (CSIC), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - T Slipchenko
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain and Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - L Martín-Moreno
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain and Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
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19
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Chai J, Liu L, Hu P, Xiang H, Han D. Interface states and bound states in the continuum in photonic crystals with different lattice constants. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:5652-5655. [PMID: 33057250 DOI: 10.1364/ol.404035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The existence of interface states at the boundary of two semi-infinite photonic crystals (PhCs) with different lattice constants are investigated systematically. Compared to the interface states in the two PhCs with the same period, a band folding effect is observed for the interface states inside the common band gap of the two PhCs with different lattice constants. We demonstrate that these interface states can be predicted by the surface impedance of the two PhCs. The dispersion of interface states can be determined by the condition of impedance matching combined with the band folding effect. Moreover, some part of the folded interface states penetrates the region of projected bulk bands, and they usually leak to the bulk and form resonant states. However, the interface state at the Γ point can be perfectly localized and becomes a bound state in the continuum (BIC) due to the symmetry mismatch. These findings may provide a general scheme for designing BICs in the PhC structures based on the interface states.
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20
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Abstract
The breathing honeycomb lattice hosts a topologically non-trivial bulk phase due to the crystalline-symmetry of the system. Pseudospin-dependent edge states, which emerge at the interface between trivial and non-trivial regions, can be used for the directional propagation of energy. Using the plasmonic metasurface as an example system, we probe these states in the near- and far-field using a semi-analytical model. We provide the conditions under which directionality was observed and show that it is source position dependent. By probing with circularly-polarised magnetic dipoles out of the plane, we first characterise modes along the interface in terms of the enhancement of source emissions due to the metasurface. We then excite from the far-field with non-zero orbital angular momentum beams. The position-dependent directionality holds true for all classical wave systems with a breathing honeycomb lattice. Our results show that a metasurface in combination with a chiral two-dimensional material, could be used to guide light effectively on the nanoscale.
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21
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Papaj M, Lewandowski C. Plasmonic Nonreciprocity Driven by Band Hybridization in Moiré Materials. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:066801. [PMID: 32845684 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.066801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new current-driven mechanism for achieving significant plasmon dispersion nonreciprocity in systems with narrow, strongly hybridized electron bands. The magnitude of the effect is controlled by the strength of electron-electron interactions α, which leads to its particular prominence in moiré materials, characterized by α≫1. Moreover, this phenomenon is most evident in the regime where Landau damping is quenched and plasmon lifetime is increased. The synergy of these two effects holds great promise for novel optoelectronic applications of moiré materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Papaj
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Cyprian Lewandowski
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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22
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Kim M, Jacob Z, Rho J. Recent advances in 2D, 3D and higher-order topological photonics. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2020; 9:130. [PMID: 32704363 PMCID: PMC7371865 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-0331-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, topology has emerged as a major branch in broad areas of physics, from atomic lattices to condensed matter. In particular, topology has received significant attention in photonics because light waves can serve as a platform to investigate nontrivial bulk and edge physics with the aid of carefully engineered photonic crystals and metamaterials. Simultaneously, photonics provides enriched physics that arises from spin-1 vectorial electromagnetic fields. Here, we review recent progress in the growing field of topological photonics in three parts. The first part is dedicated to the basics of topological band theory and introduces various two-dimensional topological phases. The second part reviews three-dimensional topological phases and numerous approaches to achieve them in photonics. Last, we present recently emerging fields in topological photonics that have not yet been reviewed. This part includes topological degeneracies in nonzero dimensions, unidirectional Maxwellian spin waves, higher-order photonic topological phases, and stacking of photonic crystals to attain layer pseudospin. In addition to the various approaches for realizing photonic topological phases, we also discuss the interaction between light and topological matter and the efforts towards practical applications of topological photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyung Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Zubin Jacob
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906 USA
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
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23
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Dai Z, Hu G, Ou Q, Zhang L, Xia F, Garcia-Vidal FJ, Qiu CW, Bao Q. Artificial Metaphotonics Born Naturally in Two Dimensions. Chem Rev 2020; 120:6197-6246. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhigao Dai
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies (FLEET), Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Guangwei Hu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Qingdong Ou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies (FLEET), Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Fengnian Xia
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Francisco J. Garcia-Vidal
- Departamento de Fisica Teorica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia−San Sebastian E-20018, Spain
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Qiaoliang Bao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies (FLEET), Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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24
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Wang Y, Wei You J, Lan Z, Panoiu NC. Topological valley plasmon transport in bilayer graphene metasurfaces for sensing applications. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:3151-3154. [PMID: 32479482 DOI: 10.1364/ol.393302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Topologically protected plasmonic modes located inside topological bandgaps are attracting increasing attention, chiefly due to their robustness against disorder-induced backscattering. Here, we introduce a bilayer graphene metasurface that possesses plasmonic topological valley interface modes when the mirror symmetry of the metasurface is broken by horizontally shifting the lattice of holes of the top layer of the two freestanding graphene layers in opposite directions. In this configuration, light propagation along the domain-wall interface of the bilayer graphene metasurface shows unidirectional features. Moreover, we have designed a molecular sensor based on the topological properties of this metasurface using the fact that the Fermi energy of graphene varies upon chemical doping. This effect induces strong variation of the transmission of the topological guided modes, which can be employed as the underlying working principle of gas sensing devices. Our work opens up new ways of developing robust integrated plasmonic devices for molecular sensing.
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25
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Hassani Gangaraj SA, Monticone F. Physical Violations of the Bulk-Edge Correspondence in Topological Electromagnetics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:153901. [PMID: 32357023 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.153901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we discuss two general classes of apparent violations of the bulk-edge correspondence principle for continuous topological photonic materials, associated with the asymptotic behavior of the surface modes for diverging wave numbers. Considering a nonreciprocal plasma as a model system, we show that the inclusion of spatial dispersion (e.g., hydrodynamic nonlocality) formally restores the bulk-edge correspondence by avoiding an unphysical response at large wave numbers. Most importantly, however, our findings show that, for the considered cases, the correspondence principle is physically violated for all practical purposes, as a result of the unavoidable attenuation of highly confined modes even if all materials are assumed perfect, with zero intrinsic bulk losses, due to confinement-induced Landau damping or nonlocality-induced radiation leakage. Our work helps clarifying the subtle and rich topological wave physics of continuous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ali Hassani Gangaraj
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Francesco Monticone
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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26
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You JW, Lan Z, Panoiu NC. Four-wave mixing of topological edge plasmons in graphene metasurfaces. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz3910. [PMID: 32258407 PMCID: PMC7101229 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz3910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We study topologically protected four-wave mixing (FWM) interactions in a plasmonic metasurface consisting of a periodic array of nanoholes in a graphene sheet, which exhibits a wide topological bandgap at terahertz frequencies upon the breaking of time reversal symmetry by a static magnetic field. We demonstrate that due to the significant nonlinearity enhancement and large life time of graphene plasmons in specific configurations, a net gain of FWM interaction of plasmonic edge states located in the topological bandgap can be achieved with a pump power of less than 10 nW. In particular, we find that the effective nonlinear edge-waveguide coefficient is about γ ≃ 1.1 × 1013 W-1 m-1, i.e., more than 10 orders of magnitude larger than that of commonly used, highly nonlinear silicon photonic nanowires. These findings could pave a new way for developing ultralow-power-consumption, highly integrated, and robust active photonic systems at deep-subwavelength scale for applications in quantum communications and information processing.
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27
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Zhao R, Xie GD, Chen MLN, Lan Z, Huang Z, Sha WEI. First-principle calculation of Chern number in gyrotropic photonic crystals. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:4638-4649. [PMID: 32121697 DOI: 10.1364/oe.380077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As an important figure of merit for characterizing the quantized collective behaviors of the wavefunction, Chern number is the topological invariant of quantum Hall insulators. Chern number also identifies the topological properties of the photonic topological insulators (PTIs), thus it is of crucial importance in PTI design. In this paper, we develop a first principle computatioal method for the Chern number of 2D gyrotropic photonic crystals (PCs), starting from the Maxwell's equations. Firstly, we solve the Hermitian generalized eigenvalue equation reformulated from the Maxwell's equations by using the full-wave finite-difference frequency-domain (FDFD) method. Then the Chern number is obtained by calculating the integral of Berry curvature over the first Brillouin zone. Numerical examples of both transverse-electric (TE) and transverse-magnetic (TM) modes are demonstrated, where convergent Chern numbers can be obtained using rather coarse grids, thus validating the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method.
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28
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Tang CS, Yin X, Yang M, Wu D, Birowosuto MD, Wu J, Li C, Hettiarachchi C, Chin XY, Chang YH, Ouyang F, Dang C, Pennycook SJ, Feng YP, Wang S, Chi D, Breese MBH, Zhang W, Rusydi A, Wee ATS. Three-Dimensional Resonant Exciton in Monolayer Tungsten Diselenide Actuated by Spin-Orbit Coupling. ACS NANO 2019; 13:14529-14539. [PMID: 31702890 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b08385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The intricate features of many-body interactions and spin-orbit coupling play a significant role in numerous physical phenomena. Particularly in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D-TMDs), excitonic dynamics are a key phenomenon that promises opportunities for diverse range of device applications. Here, we report the direct observation of a visible-range three-dimensional resonant exciton and its associated charged exciton in monolayer tungsten diselenide, as compared to monolayer molybdenum disulfide. A comprehensive experimental study that includes high-resolution TEM, Raman, high-resolution spectroscopic ellipsometry over a wide temperature range down to 4 K, high-energy temperature, and excitation power-dependent photoluminescence spectroscopy has been conducted. It is supported by first-principles calculations to unravel the influence of spin-orbit coupling in the formation of the resonant exciton and to identify its in-plane and out-of-plane features. Furthermore, we study the impact of temperature and thickness on the spin-orbit coupling strength in 2D-TMDs. This work is crucial in creating a platform in the fundamental understanding of high-energy resonant exciton in layered two-dimensional systems and that such high-energy optoelectronic features make them an increasingly attractive candidate for novel electronic and optoelectronic applications particularly in the aspects of solar cells and light-emitting diodes via the manipulation of excitonic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Sin Tang
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117542 , Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117456 , Singapore
| | - Xinmao Yin
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117542 , Singapore
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source (SSLS) , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117603 , Singapore
| | - Ming Yang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) , 2 Fusionopolis Way , Singapore 138634 , Singapore
| | - Di Wu
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060 , China
- School of Physics and Electronics , Central South University , No. 932, South Lushan Road , Changsha , Hunan Province 410083 , China
| | - Muhammad Danang Birowosuto
- CINTRA UMI CNRS/NTU/THALES 3288, Research Techno Plaza , 50 Nanyang Drive, Border X Block, Level 6 , Singapore 637553 , Singapore
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , Singapore 639798 , Singapore
| | - Jing Wu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) , 2 Fusionopolis Way , Singapore 138634 , Singapore
| | - Changjian Li
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering , National University of Singapore , 9 Engineering Drive 1 , Singapore 117575 , Singapore
| | - Chathuranga Hettiarachchi
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , Singapore 639798 , Singapore
| | - Xin Yu Chin
- CINTRA UMI CNRS/NTU/THALES 3288, Research Techno Plaza , 50 Nanyang Drive, Border X Block, Level 6 , Singapore 637553 , Singapore
| | - Yung-Huang Chang
- Bachelor Program in Interdisciplinary Studies , National Yunlin University of Science and Technology , 123 University Road, Section 3 , Douliou , Yunlin 64002 , Taiwan
| | - Fangping Ouyang
- School of Physics and Electronics , Central South University , No. 932, South Lushan Road , Changsha , Hunan Province 410083 , China
| | - Cuong Dang
- CINTRA UMI CNRS/NTU/THALES 3288, Research Techno Plaza , 50 Nanyang Drive, Border X Block, Level 6 , Singapore 637553 , Singapore
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , Singapore 639798 , Singapore
| | - Stephen J Pennycook
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering , National University of Singapore , 9 Engineering Drive 1 , Singapore 117575 , Singapore
| | - Yuan Ping Feng
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117542 , Singapore
| | - Shijie Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) , 2 Fusionopolis Way , Singapore 138634 , Singapore
| | - Dongzhi Chi
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) , 2 Fusionopolis Way , Singapore 138634 , Singapore
| | - Mark B H Breese
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117542 , Singapore
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source (SSLS) , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117603 , Singapore
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060 , China
| | - Andrivo Rusydi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117542 , Singapore
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source (SSLS) , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117603 , Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117456 , Singapore
| | - Andrew T S Wee
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117542 , Singapore
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source (SSLS) , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117603 , Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117456 , Singapore
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29
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Xiong L, Forsythe C, Jung M, McLeod AS, Sunku SS, Shao YM, Ni GX, Sternbach AJ, Liu S, Edgar JH, Mele EJ, Fogler MM, Shvets G, Dean CR, Basov DN. Photonic crystal for graphene plasmons. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4780. [PMID: 31636265 PMCID: PMC6803641 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12778-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Photonic crystals are commonly implemented in media with periodically varying optical properties. Photonic crystals enable exquisite control of light propagation in integrated optical circuits, and also emulate advanced physical concepts. However, common photonic crystals are unfit for in-operando on/off controls. We overcome this limitation and demonstrate a broadly tunable two-dimensional photonic crystal for surface plasmon polaritons. Our platform consists of a continuous graphene monolayer integrated in a back-gated platform with nano-structured gate insulators. Infrared nano-imaging reveals the formation of a photonic bandgap and strong modulation of the local plasmonic density of states that can be turned on/off or gradually tuned by the applied gate voltage. We also implement an artificial domain wall which supports highly confined one-dimensional plasmonic modes. Our electrostatically-tunable photonic crystals are derived from standard metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor technology and pave a way for practical on-chip light manipulation. Traditional photonic crystals consist of periodic media with a pre-defined optical response. Here, the authors combine nanostructured back-gate insulators with a continuous layer of graphene to demonstrate an electrically tunable two-dimensional photonic crystal suitable for controlling the propagation of surface plasmon polaritons.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Xiong
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - C Forsythe
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - M Jung
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - A S McLeod
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - S S Sunku
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.,Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Y M Shao
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - G X Ni
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - A J Sternbach
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - S Liu
- The Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - J H Edgar
- The Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - E J Mele
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - M M Fogler
- Department of physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - G Shvets
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - C R Dean
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - D N Basov
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
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30
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Zhou J, Wang Y, Lu M, Ding J, Zhou L. Giant enhancement of tunable asymmetric transmission for circularly polarized waves in a double-layer graphene chiral metasurface. RSC Adv 2019; 9:33775-33780. [PMID: 35528893 PMCID: PMC9073710 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05760a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this letter, we propose a structure based on double-layer graphene-based planar chiral metasurface with a J-shaped pattern to generate asymmetric transmission for circularly polarized waves in the mid-infrared region. Asymmetric transmission of the double-layer structure can reach to 16.64%, which is much larger than that of the monolayer. The mechanism of asymmetric transmission is attributed to enantiomerically sensitive graphene's surface plasmons. Besides, asymmetric transmission can be dynamically tuned by changing the Fermi energy and is affected by intrinsic relaxation time. All simulations are conducted by the finite element method. Our findings provide a feasibility of realizing photonic devices in tunable polarization-dependent operation, such as asymmetric wave splitters and circulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhou
- Optical Information Science and Technology Department, Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology Research Center, Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Yueke Wang
- Optical Information Science and Technology Department, Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology Research Center, Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Mengjia Lu
- Optical Information Science and Technology Department, Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology Research Center, Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Jian Ding
- Optical Information Science and Technology Department, Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology Research Center, Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Optical Information Science and Technology Department, Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology Research Center, Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
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31
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Jin D, Xia Y, Christensen T, Freeman M, Wang S, Fong KY, Gardner GC, Fallahi S, Hu Q, Wang Y, Engel L, Xiao ZL, Manfra MJ, Fang NX, Zhang X. Topological kink plasmons on magnetic-domain boundaries. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4565. [PMID: 31594922 PMCID: PMC6783483 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12092-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional topological materials bearing time reversal-breaking magnetic fields support protected one-way edge modes. Normally, these edge modes adhere to physical edges where material properties change abruptly. However, even in homogeneous materials, topology still permits a unique form of edge modes – kink modes – residing at the domain boundaries of magnetic fields within the materials. This scenario, despite being predicted in theory, has rarely been demonstrated experimentally. Here, we report our observation of topologically-protected high-frequency kink modes – kink magnetoplasmons (KMPs) – in a GaAs/AlGaAs two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) system. These KMPs arise at a domain boundary projected from an externally-patterned magnetic field onto a uniform 2DEG. They propagate unidirectionally along the boundary, protected by a difference of gap Chern numbers (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\pm1$$\end{document}±1) in the two domains. They exhibit large tunability under an applied magnetic field or gate voltage, and clear signatures of nonreciprocity even under weak-coupling to evanescent photons. Topological kink modes are peculiar edge excitations that take place at domain boundaries of magnetic fields inside homogeneous materials. Here, the authors experimentally observe kink magnetoplasmons in a 2D electron gas using custom-shaped strong permanent magnets on top of a GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafei Jin
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94706, USA.,Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Yang Xia
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94706, USA
| | - Thomas Christensen
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Matthew Freeman
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Siqi Wang
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94706, USA
| | - King Yan Fong
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94706, USA
| | - Geoffrey C Gardner
- Microsoft Quantum Purdue and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Saeed Fallahi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Qing Hu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yuan Wang
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94706, USA
| | - Lloyd Engel
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Zhi-Li Xiao
- Material Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Michael J Manfra
- Microsoft Quantum Purdue, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Schools of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Nicholas X Fang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94706, USA. .,Faculties of Sciences and Engineering University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR, China.
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32
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Geng ZG, Peng YG, Li PQ, Shen YX, Zhao DG, Zhu XF. Mirror-symmetry induced topological valley transport along programmable boundaries in a hexagonal sonic crystal. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:245403. [PMID: 30870828 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab0fcc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Valley states, labeling the frequency extrema in momentum space, carry a new degree of freedom (valley pseudospin) for topological transport of sound in sonic crystals. Recently, the field of valley acoustics has become a hotspot due to its potentials in developing various topological-insulator-based devices. In most previous works, topological valley transport is implemented at the interfaces of two connected artificial crystals. With respect to the interface, the mirror symmetry of crystal structures supports either even-mode or odd-mode valley states. In this work, we propose a physical insight of transforming one hexagonal crystal into a virtual lattice by utilizing the mirror operation of rigid or soft boundaries, which greatly reduces the dimension of the acoustic structure and provides a possible way to implement the programmable routing of topological propagation. We investigate two cases that the rigid and soft boundaries are introduced either at the edge or inside a single hexagonal crystal. Our results clearly demonstrate the high-transmission valley transport along the folded boundaries, where reflection or scattering is prohibited at the sharp bending or corners due to topological protection. Three functional devices are exemplified, which are single-crystal-based topological delay-line filter, delay-line switcher and beam splitter. Our work reveals the inherent relation between the field symmetries of valley states and structural symmetries of sonic crystals. Programmable routing of topological sound transport through boundary engineering provides a platform for developing integrated and versatile topological-insulator-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Guo Geng
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, People's Republic of China
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33
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Rivera N, Christensen T, Narang P. Phonon Polaritonics in Two-Dimensional Materials. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:2653-2660. [PMID: 30892900 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Extreme confinement of electromagnetic energy by phonon polaritons holds the promise of strong and new forms of control over the dynamics of matter. To bring such control to the atomic-scale limit, it is important to consider phonon polaritons in two-dimensional (2D) systems. Recent studies have pointed out that in 2D, splitting between longitudinal and transverse optical (LO and TO) phonons is absent at the Γ point, even for polar materials. Does this lack of LO-TO splitting imply the absence of a phonon polariton in polar monolayers? To answer this, we connect the microscopic phonon properties with the macroscopic electromagnetic response. Specifically, we derive a first-principles expression for the conductivity of a polar monolayer specified by the wave-vector-dependent LO and TO phonon dispersions. In the long-wavelength (local) limit, we find a universal form for the conductivity in terms of the LO phonon frequency at the Γ point, its lifetime, and the group velocity of the LO phonon. Our analysis reveals that the phonon polariton of 2D is simply the LO phonon of the 2D system. For the specific example of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), we estimate the confinement and propagation losses of the LO phonons, finding that high confinement and reasonable propagation quality factors coincide in regions that may be difficult to detect with current near-field optical microscopy techniques. Finally, we study the interaction of external emitters with 2D hBN nanostructures, finding an extreme enhancement of spontaneous emission due to coupling with localized 2D phonon polaritons and the possibility of multimode strong and ultrastrong coupling between an external emitter and hBN phonons. This may lead to the design of new hybrid states of electrons and phonons based on strong coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Rivera
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
- Department of Physics , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Thomas Christensen
- Department of Physics , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Prineha Narang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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34
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Sunku SS, Ni GX, Jiang BY, Yoo H, Sternbach A, McLeod AS, Stauber T, Xiong L, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Kim P, Fogler MM, Basov DN. Photonic crystals for nano-light in moiré graphene superlattices. Science 2019; 362:1153-1156. [PMID: 30523109 DOI: 10.1126/science.aau5144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is an atomically thin plasmonic medium that supports highly confined plasmon polaritons, or nano-light, with very low loss. Electronic properties of graphene can be drastically altered when it is laid upon another graphene layer, resulting in a moiré superlattice. The relative twist angle between the two layers is a key tuning parameter of the interlayer coupling in thus-obtained twisted bilayer graphene (TBG). We studied the propagation of plasmon polaritons in TBG by infrared nano-imaging. We discovered that the atomic reconstruction occurring at small twist angles transforms the TBG into a natural plasmon photonic crystal for propagating nano-light. This discovery points to a pathway for controlling nano-light by exploiting quantum properties of graphene and other atomically layered van der Waals materials, eliminating the need for arduous top-down nanofabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Sunku
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.,Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - G X Ni
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - B Y Jiang
- Department of Physics, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - H Yoo
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - A Sternbach
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - A S McLeod
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - T Stauber
- Departamento de Teoría y Simulación de Materiales, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - L Xiong
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - T Taniguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - K Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - P Kim
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - M M Fogler
- Department of Physics, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - D N Basov
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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35
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Ding Y, Peng Y, Zhu Y, Fan X, Yang J, Liang B, Zhu X, Wan X, Cheng J. Experimental Demonstration of Acoustic Chern Insulators. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:014302. [PMID: 31012693 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.014302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the experimental realization of an acoustic Chern insulator (ACI), by using an angular-momentum-biased resonator array with the broken Lorentz reciprocity. High Q-factor resonance of the constituent rotors is leveraged to reduce the required rotation speed. ACI is a new topological acoustic system analogous to the electronic quantum Hall insulator, based on an effective magnetic field. Experimental results show that the ACI featured with a stable and uniform metafluid flow bias supports one-way nonreciprocal transport of sound at its edges, which is topologically immune to various types of defects. Our work opens up opportunities for exploring unique observable topological phases and developing topological-insulator-based nonreciprocal devices in acoustics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, MOE, Institute of Acoustics, Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yugui Peng
- School of Physics and Innovation Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, MOE, Institute of Acoustics, Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Xudong Fan
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, MOE, Institute of Acoustics, Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, MOE, Institute of Acoustics, Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, MOE, Institute of Acoustics, Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Zhu
- School of Physics and Innovation Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangang Wan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianchun Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, MOE, Institute of Acoustics, Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
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36
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Wang L, Cai W, Bie M, Zhang X, Xu J. Zak phase and topological plasmonic Tamm states in one-dimensional plasmonic crystals. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:28963-28975. [PMID: 30470065 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.028963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Zak phase and topological plasmonic Tamm states in plasmonic crystals based on periodic metal-insulator-metal waveguides are systematically investigated. We reveal that robust topological interfacial states against structural defects exist when the Zak phase between two adjoining plasmonic lattices are different in a common band gap. A kind of efficient admittance-based transfer matrix method is proposed to calculate and optimize the configuration with inverse symmetry. The topologically protected states are favorable for the spatial confinement and enhancement of electromagnetic fields, which open a new avenue for topological photonic applications.
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37
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Song Z, Liu H, Huang N, Wang Z. Plasmonic topological edge states in ring-structure gate graphene. APPLIED OPTICS 2018; 57:8503-8507. [PMID: 30461915 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.008503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Topological photonic states exhibit unique robustness against defects, facilitating fault-tolerant photonic device applications. However, existing proposals either involve a sophisticated and bulky structure or can only operate in the microwave regime. We show a theoretical demonstration for highly confined topologically protected plasmonic states to be realized at infrared frequencies in monolayer graphene with a ring-structure gate. With a suitable bias voltage, the combined gate-graphene structure is shown to produce sufficiently strong Bragg scattering of graphene surface plasmons and to impart them with nontrivial topological properties. Our design is compact and could pave the way for dynamically reconfigurable, robust, nanoscale, integrated photonic devices.
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38
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Gopalan KK, Paulillo B, Mackenzie DMA, Rodrigo D, Bareza N, Whelan PR, Shivayogimath A, Pruneri V. Scalable and Tunable Periodic Graphene Nanohole Arrays for Mid-Infrared Plasmonics. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:5913-5918. [PMID: 30114919 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite its great potential for a wide variety of devices, especially mid-infrared biosensors and photodetectors, graphene plasmonics is still confined to academic research. A major reason is the fact that, so far, expensive and low-throughput lithography techniques are needed to fabricate graphene nanostructures. Here, we report for the first time a detailed experimental study on electrostatically tunable graphene nanohole array surfaces with periods down to 100 nm, showing clear plasmonic response in the range ∼1300-1600 cm-1, which can be fabricated by a scalable nanoimprint technique. Such large area plasmonic nanostructures are suitable for industrial applications, for example, surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) sensing, as they combine easy design, extreme field confinement, and the possibility to excite multiple plasmon modes enabling multiband sensing, a feature not readily available in nanoribbons or other localized resonant structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha K Gopalan
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , 08860 Castelldefels , Spain
| | - Bruno Paulillo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , 08860 Castelldefels , Spain
| | - David M A Mackenzie
- Center for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG) , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology (DTU Nanotech) , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Daniel Rodrigo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , 08860 Castelldefels , Spain
| | - Nestor Bareza
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , 08860 Castelldefels , Spain
| | - Patrick R Whelan
- Center for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG) , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Abhay Shivayogimath
- Center for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG) , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Valerio Pruneri
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , 08860 Castelldefels , Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis , Avançats Passeig Lluís Companys, 23 , 08010 Barcelona , Spain
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39
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Meng Y, Hu F, Shen Y, Yang Y, Xiao Q, Fu X, Gong M. Ultracompact Graphene-Assisted Tunable Waveguide Couplers with High Directivity and Mode Selectivity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13362. [PMID: 30190496 PMCID: PMC6127104 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31555-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene distinguishes itself as a promising candidate for realizing tunable integrated photonic devices with high flexibility. We propose a set of ultracompact tunable on-chip waveguide couplers with mode-selectivity and polarization sensitivity around the telecom wavelength of 1.55 μm, under the configuration of graphene-laminated silicon waveguides patterned with gold nanoantennas. Versatile couplings can be achieved in a widely tunable fashion within a deep-subwavelength area (210 × 210 nm2), by marrying the advantages of tight field confinement in plasmonic antennas and the largely tunable carrier density of graphene. Incident light signals can be selectively coupled into different fundamental modes with good mode quality and high directionality exceeding 25 dB. Design scenarios for asymmetric couplings are presented, where the operation wavelength can be tuned across a 107-nm range around 1.55 mm by altering the chemical potential of graphene from 0 to 1.8 eV. Furthermore, the proposed schemes can be leveraged as mode-sensitive on-chip directional waveguide signal detectors with an extinction ratio over 10 dB. Our results provide a new paradigm upon graphene-assisted tunable integrated photonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Futai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yijie Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuanmu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qirong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xing Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Mali Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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40
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Jung M, Fan Z, Shvets G. Midinfrared Plasmonic Valleytronics in Metagate-Tuned Graphene. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:086807. [PMID: 30192584 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.086807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A valley plasmonic crystal for graphene surface plasmons is proposed. We demonstrate that a designer metagate, placed within a few nanometers of graphene, can be used to impose a periodic Fermi energy landscape on graphene. For specific metagate geometries and bias voltages, the combined metagate-graphene structure is shown to produce complete propagation band gaps for the plasmons, and to impart them with nontrivial valley-linked topological properties. Sharply curved domain walls between differently patterned metagates are shown to guide highly localized plasmons without any reflections owing to suppressed intervalley scattering. Our approach paves the way for nonmagnetic and dynamically reconfigurable topological nanophotonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minwoo Jung
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Fan
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Gennady Shvets
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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41
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Garau M, Carta G, Nieves MJ, Jones IS, Movchan NV, Movchan AB. Interfacial waveforms in chiral lattices with gyroscopic spinners. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2018; 474:20180132. [PMID: 30100810 PMCID: PMC6083240 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2018.0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate a new method of achieving topologically protected states in an elastic hexagonal system of trusses by attaching gyroscopic spinners, which bring chirality to the system. Dispersive features of this medium are investigated in detail, and it is shown that one can manipulate the locations of stop-bands and Dirac points by tuning the parameters of the spinners. We show that, in the proximity of such points, uni-directional interfacial waveforms can be created in an inhomogeneous lattice and the direction of such waveforms can be controlled. The effect of inserting additional soft internal links into the system, which is thus transformed into a heterogeneous triangular lattice, is also investigated, as the hexagonal lattice represents the limit case of the heterogeneous triangular lattice with soft links. This work introduces a new perspective in the design of periodic media possessing non-trivial topological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Garau
- School of Computing and Mathematics, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK
| | - G Carta
- Mechanical Engineering and Materials Research Centre, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - M J Nieves
- School of Computing and Mathematics, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK.,Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Material Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari 09123, Italy
| | - I S Jones
- Mechanical Engineering and Materials Research Centre, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - N V Movchan
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZL, UK
| | - A B Movchan
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZL, UK
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42
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Su Z, Wang Y, Luo X, Luo H, Zhang C, Li M, Sang T, Yang G. A tunable THz absorber consisting of an elliptical graphene disk array. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:14357-14361. [PMID: 29766159 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01649f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present an adjustable absorber consisting of a periodically patterned elliptical graphene disk array, which absorbs in the THz region. When a circularly polarized light beam illuminates this structure, its absorption spectrum displays two absorption peaks, which originate from the F-P resonance of the fundamental graphene edge plasmon mode along the major and minor axes of the elliptical graphene disk. The position of these two absorption peaks can be modulated by changing the Fermi level of graphene. Furthermore, both absorption bands can merge into one broadband by changing the length of the major and minor axes. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the broadband can reach up to 3.52 THz. In addition, by changing the incident elliptically polarized light, the peak ratio between the two absorption bands can also be tuned to convert the double-band absorption to single-band absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengping Su
- Optical Information Science and Technology Department, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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43
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Fundamental limits to graphene plasmonics. Nature 2018; 557:530-533. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0136-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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44
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Qiu P, Qiu W, Ren J, Lin Z, Wang Z, Wang JX, Kan Q, Pan JQ. Pseudospin Dependent One-Way Transmission in Graphene-Based Topological Plasmonic Crystals. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2018; 13:113. [PMID: 29679172 PMCID: PMC5910330 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2538-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Originating from the investigation of condensed matter states, the concept of quantum Hall effect and quantum spin Hall effect (QSHE) has recently been expanded to other field of physics and engineering, e.g., photonics and phononics, giving rise to strikingly unconventional edge modes immune to scattering. Here, we present the plasmonic analog of QSHE in graphene plasmonic crystal (GPC) in mid-infrared frequencies. The band inversion occurs when deforming the honeycomb lattice GPCs, which further leads to the topological band gaps and pseudospin features of the edge states. By overlapping the band gaps with different topologies, we numerically simulated the pseudospin-dependent one-way propagation of edge states. The designed GPC may find potential applications in the fields of topological plasmonics and trigger the exploration of the technique of the pseudospin multiplexing in high-density nanophotonic integrated circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Qiu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Light Propagation and Transformation, College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Weibin Qiu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Light Propagation and Transformation, College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Junbo Ren
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Light Propagation and Transformation, College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Zhili Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Light Propagation and Transformation, College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Light Propagation and Transformation, College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Jia-Xian Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Light Propagation and Transformation, College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Qiang Kan
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100086, China
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100086, China
| | - Jiao-Qing Pan
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100086, China
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100086, China
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45
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Liu C, Gao W, Yang B, Zhang S. Disorder-Induced Topological State Transition in Photonic Metamaterials. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:183901. [PMID: 29219571 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.183901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The topological state transition has been widely studied based on the quantized topological band invariant such as the Chern number for the system without intense randomness that may break the band structures. We numerically demonstrate the disorder-induced state transition in the photonic topological systems for the first time. Instead of applying the ill-defined topological band invariant in a disordered system, we utilize an empirical parameter to unambiguously illustrate the state transition of the topological metamaterials. Before the state transition, we observe a robust surface state with well-confined electromagnetic waves propagating unidirectionally, immune to the disorder from permittivity fluctuation up to 60% of the original value. During the transition, a hybrid state composed of a quasiunidirectional surface mode and intensively localized hot spots is established, a result of the competition between the topological protection and Anderson localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxu Liu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Wenlong Gao
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Biao Yang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Shuang Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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46
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Zhang W, Chen X, Ye F. Plasmonic topological insulators for topological nanophotonics. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:4063-4066. [PMID: 29028013 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.004063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Photonic topological insulators are optical structures supporting robust propagation of light at their edges that are topologically protected from scattering. Here we propose the concept of plasmonic topological insulators (PTI) that not only topologically protect light at the lattice edges but also enable their confinement and guidance at the deep-subwavelength scale. The suggested PTI are composed of an evanescently coupled array of metallic nanowires that are modulated periodically along the light propagation direction. The intrinsic loss associated with the PTI is found not to deteriorate their topological protection on the edge modes. The proposed PTI may find interesting applications in nanophotonics, where the tolerance to the fabrication disorders for device applications are essential.
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47
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Bahari B, Ndao A, Vallini F, El Amili A, Fainman Y, Kanté B. Nonreciprocal lasing in topological cavities of arbitrary geometries. Science 2017; 358:636-640. [PMID: 29025992 DOI: 10.1126/science.aao4551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Resonant cavities are essential building blocks governing many wave-based phenomena, but their geometry and reciprocity fundamentally limit the integration of optical devices. We report, at telecommunication wavelengths, geometry-independent and integrated nonreciprocal topological cavities that couple stimulated emission from one-way photonic edge states to a selected waveguide output with an isolation ratio in excess of 10 decibels. Nonreciprocity originates from unidirectional edge states at the boundary between photonic structures with distinct topological invariants. Our experimental demonstration of lasing from topological cavities provides the opportunity to develop complex topological circuitry of arbitrary geometries for the integrated and robust generation and transport of photons in classical and quantum regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Bahari
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Abdoulaye Ndao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Felipe Vallini
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Abdelkrim El Amili
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yeshaiahu Fainman
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Boubacar Kanté
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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48
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Qiu P, Liang R, Qiu W, Chen H, Ren J, Lin Z, Wang JX, Kan Q, Pan JQ. Topologically protected edge states in graphene plasmonic crystals. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:22587-22594. [PMID: 29041566 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.022587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A two-dimensional graphene plasmonic crystal composed of periodically arranged graphene nanodisks is proposed. We show that the band topology effect due to inversion symmetry broken in the proposed plasmonic crystals is obtained by tuning the chemical potential of graphene nanodisks. Utilizing this kind of plasmonic crystal, we constructed N-shaped channels and realized topologically edged transmission within the band gap. Furthermore, topologically protected exterior boundary propagation, which is immune to backscattering, was also achieved by modifying the chemical potential of graphene nanodisks. The proposed graphene plasmonic crystals with ultracompact size are subject only to intrinsic material loss, which may find potential applications in the fields of topological plasmonics and high density nanophotonic integrated systems.
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49
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Differential Equations for Localized Plasmons in the Random Phase Approximation. E-JOURNAL OF SURFACE SCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2017.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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