1
|
Motlakunta S, Kotibhaskar N, Shih CY, Vogliano A, McLaren D, Hahn L, Zhu J, Hablützel R, Islam R. Preserving a qubit during state-destroying operations on an adjacent qubit at a few micrometers distance. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6575. [PMID: 39097567 PMCID: PMC11298003 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50864-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Protecting qubits from accidental measurements is essential for controlled quantum operations, especially during state-destroying measurements or resets on adjacent qubits, in protocols like quantum error correction. Current methods to preserve atomic qubits against such disturbances waste coherence time, extra qubits, and introduce additional errors. We demonstrate the feasibility of in-situ state-reset and state-measurement of trapped ions, achieving >99.9% fidelity in preserving an 'asset' ion-qubit while a neighboring 'process' qubit is reset, and >99.6% preservation fidelity while applying a detection beam for 11 μs on the same neighbor at a distance of 6 μm. This is achieved through precise wavefront control of addressing optical beams and using a single ion as both a quantum sensor for optical aberrations and an intensity probe with >50 dB dynamic range. Our demonstrations advance quantum processors, enhancing speed and capabilities for tasks like quantum simulations of dissipation and measurement-driven phases, and implementing error correction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sainath Motlakunta
- Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Nikhil Kotibhaskar
- Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Chung-You Shih
- Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Anthony Vogliano
- Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Darian McLaren
- Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Lewis Hahn
- Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Jingwen Zhu
- Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Roland Hablützel
- Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Rajibul Islam
- Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Carter AL, O'Reilly J, Toh G, Saha S, Shalaev M, Goetting I, Monroe C. Ion trap with in-vacuum high numerical aperture imaging for a dual-species modular quantum computer. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:033201. [PMID: 38477652 DOI: 10.1063/5.0180732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Photonic interconnects between quantum systems will play a central role in both scalable quantum computing and quantum networking. Entanglement of remote qubits via photons has been demonstrated in many platforms; however, improving the rate of entanglement generation will be instrumental for integrating photonic links into modular quantum computers. We present an ion trap system that has the highest reported free-space photon collection efficiency for quantum networking. We use a pair of in-vacuum aspheric lenses, each with a numerical aperture of 0.8, to couple 10(1)% of the 493 nm photons emitted from a 138Ba+ ion into single-mode fibers. We also demonstrate that proximal effects of the lenses on the ion position and motion can be mitigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison L Carter
- Joint Quantum Institute and Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Jameson O'Reilly
- Joint Quantum Institute and Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Duke Quantum Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27701, USA
| | - George Toh
- Joint Quantum Institute and Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Duke Quantum Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27701, USA
| | - Sagnik Saha
- Joint Quantum Institute and Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Duke Quantum Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27701, USA
| | - Mikhail Shalaev
- Duke Quantum Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27701, USA
| | - Isabella Goetting
- Duke Quantum Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27701, USA
| | - Christopher Monroe
- Joint Quantum Institute and Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Duke Quantum Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27701, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Feng L, Huang YY, Wu YK, Guo WX, Ma JY, Yang HX, Zhang L, Wang Y, Huang CX, Zhang C, Yao L, Qi BX, Pu YF, Zhou ZC, Duan LM. Realization of a crosstalk-avoided quantum network node using dual-type qubits of the same ion species. Nat Commun 2024; 15:204. [PMID: 38172118 PMCID: PMC10764850 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44220-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Generating ion-photon entanglement is a crucial step for scalable trapped-ion quantum networks. To avoid the crosstalk on memory qubits carrying quantum information, it is common to use a different ion species for ion-photon entanglement generation such that the scattered photons are far off-resonant for the memory qubits. However, such a dual-species scheme can be subject to inefficient sympathetic cooling due to the mass mismatch of the ions. Here we demonstrate a trapped-ion quantum network node in the dual-type qubit scheme where two types of qubits are encoded in the S and F hyperfine structure levels of 171Yb+ ions. We generate ion photon entanglement for the S-qubit in a typical timescale of hundreds of milliseconds, and verify its small crosstalk on a nearby F-qubit with coherence time above seconds. Our work demonstrates an enabling function of the dual-type qubit scheme for scalable quantum networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Feng
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Y-Y Huang
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Y-K Wu
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, 230088, PR China
| | - W-X Guo
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
- HYQ Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100176, PR China
| | - J-Y Ma
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
- HYQ Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100176, PR China
| | - H-X Yang
- HYQ Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100176, PR China
| | - L Zhang
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Y Wang
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - C-X Huang
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - C Zhang
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - L Yao
- HYQ Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100176, PR China
| | - B-X Qi
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Y-F Pu
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, 230088, PR China
| | - Z-C Zhou
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, 230088, PR China
| | - L-M Duan
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, 230088, PR China.
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Arunkumar N, Olsson KS, Oon JT, Hart CA, Bucher DB, Glenn DR, Lukin MD, Park H, Ham D, Walsworth RL. Quantum Logic Enhanced Sensing in Solid-State Spin Ensembles. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:100801. [PMID: 37739376 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.100801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate quantum logic enhanced sensitivity for a macroscopic ensemble of solid-state, hybrid two-qubit sensors. We achieve over a factor of 30 improvement in the single-shot signal-to-noise ratio, translating to an ac magnetic field sensitivity enhancement exceeding an order of magnitude for time-averaged measurements. Using the electronic spins of nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond as sensors, we leverage the on-site nitrogen nuclear spins of the NV centers as memory qubits, in combination with homogeneous and stable bias and control fields, ensuring that all of the ∼10^{9} two-qubit sensors are sufficiently identical to permit global control of the NV ensemble spin states. We find quantum logic sensitivity enhancement for multiple measurement protocols with varying optimal sensing intervals, including XY8 and DROID-60 dynamical decoupling, as well as correlation spectroscopy, using an applied ac magnetic field signal. The results are independent of the nature of the target signal and broadly applicable to measurements using NV centers and other solid-state spin ensembles. This work provides a benchmark for macroscopic ensembles of quantum sensors that employ quantum logic or quantum error correction algorithms for enhanced sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nithya Arunkumar
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Quantum Technology Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Kevin S Olsson
- Quantum Technology Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Jner Tzern Oon
- Quantum Technology Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Connor A Hart
- Quantum Technology Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Dominik B Bucher
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - David R Glenn
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Mikhail D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Hongkun Park
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Donhee Ham
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Ronald L Walsworth
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Quantum Technology Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nordmann T, Wickenhagen S, Doležal M, Mehlstäubler TE. Bichromatic UV detection system for atomically-resolved imaging of ions. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:063305. [PMID: 37862543 DOI: 10.1063/5.0145409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
We present a compact bichromatic imaging system, located outside of the vacuum chamber of a trapped ion apparatus that collects the fluorescence of 230.6 and 369.5 nm photons simultaneously on a shared electron-multiplying charge-coupled device (EMCCD) camera. The system contains two lens doublets, consisting of a sphere and an asphere. They provide a numerical aperture of 0.45 and 0.40 at 230.6 and 369.5 nm, respectively, and enable spatially resolved state detection with a large field of view of 300 μm for long 115In+/172Yb+ Coulomb crystals. Instead of diffraction-limited imaging for one wavelength, the focus in this system is on simultaneous single-ion resolved imaging of both species over a large field, with special attention to the deep UV wavelength (230.6 nm) and the low scattering rate of In+ ions. The introduced concept is applicable to other dual-species applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Nordmann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - S Wickenhagen
- Asphericon GmbH, Stockholmer Str. 9, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - M Doležal
- Czech Metrology Institute (CMI), Okružní 31, 638 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - T E Mehlstäubler
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Laboratorium für Nano- und Quantenengineering, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 39, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Drmota P, Main D, Nadlinger DP, Nichol BC, Weber MA, Ainley EM, Agrawal A, Srinivas R, Araneda G, Ballance CJ, Lucas DM. Robust Quantum Memory in a Trapped-Ion Quantum Network Node. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:090803. [PMID: 36930909 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.090803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We integrate a long-lived memory qubit into a mixed-species trapped-ion quantum network node. Ion-photon entanglement first generated with a network qubit in ^{88}Sr^{+} is transferred to ^{43}Ca^{+} with 0.977(7) fidelity, and mapped to a robust memory qubit. We then entangle the network qubit with a second photon, without affecting the memory qubit. We perform quantum state tomography to show that the fidelity of ion-photon entanglement decays ∼70 times slower on the memory qubit. Dynamical decoupling further extends the storage duration; we measure an ion-photon entanglement fidelity of 0.81(4) after 10 s.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Drmota
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - D Main
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - D P Nadlinger
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - B C Nichol
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - M A Weber
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - E M Ainley
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - A Agrawal
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - R Srinivas
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - G Araneda
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - C J Ballance
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - D M Lucas
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Krutyanskiy V, Galli M, Krcmarsky V, Baier S, Fioretto DA, Pu Y, Mazloom A, Sekatski P, Canteri M, Teller M, Schupp J, Bate J, Meraner M, Sangouard N, Lanyon BP, Northup TE. Entanglement of Trapped-Ion Qubits Separated by 230 Meters. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:050803. [PMID: 36800448 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.050803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We report on an elementary quantum network of two atomic ions separated by 230 m. The ions are trapped in different buildings and connected with 520(2) m of optical fiber. At each network node, the electronic state of an ion is entangled with the polarization state of a single cavity photon; subsequent to interference of the photons at a beam splitter, photon detection heralds entanglement between the two ions. Fidelities of up to (88.0+2.2-4.7)% are achieved with respect to a maximally entangled Bell state, with a success probability of 4×10^{-5}. We analyze the routes to improve these metrics, paving the way for long-distance networks of entangled quantum processors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Krutyanskiy
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Galli
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - V Krcmarsky
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S Baier
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - D A Fioretto
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Y Pu
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A Mazloom
- Department of Physics, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets NW, Washington, D.C. 20057, USA
| | - P Sekatski
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Canteri
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Teller
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J Schupp
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J Bate
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Meraner
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - N Sangouard
- Institut de Physique Théorique, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - B P Lanyon
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - T E Northup
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Stas PJ, Huan YQ, Machielse B, Knall EN, Suleymanzade A, Pingault B, Sutula M, Ding SW, Knaut CM, Assumpcao DR, Wei YC, Bhaskar MK, Riedinger R, Sukachev DD, Park H, Lončar M, Levonian DS, Lukin MD. Robust multi-qubit quantum network node with integrated error detection. Science 2022; 378:557-560. [DOI: 10.1126/science.add9771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Long-distance quantum communication and networking require quantum memory nodes with efficient optical interfaces and long memory times. We report the realization of an integrated two-qubit network node based on silicon-vacancy centers (SiVs) in diamond nanophotonic cavities. Our qubit register consists of the SiV electron spin acting as a communication qubit and the strongly coupled silicon-29 nuclear spin acting as a memory qubit with a quantum memory time exceeding 2 seconds. By using a highly strained SiV, we realize electron-photon entangling gates at temperatures up to 1.5 kelvin and nucleus-photon entangling gates up to 4.3 kelvin. We also demonstrate efficient error detection in nuclear spin–photon gates by using the electron spin as a flag qubit, making this platform a promising candidate for scalable quantum repeaters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P.-J. Stas
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Y. Q. Huan
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - B. Machielse
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- AWS Center for Quantum Networking, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - E. N. Knall
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - A. Suleymanzade
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - B. Pingault
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
| | - M. Sutula
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - S. W. Ding
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - C. M. Knaut
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - D. R. Assumpcao
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Y.-C. Wei
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - M. K. Bhaskar
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- AWS Center for Quantum Networking, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - R. Riedinger
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Institut für Laserphysik und Zentrum für Optische Quantentechnologien, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - D. D. Sukachev
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- AWS Center for Quantum Networking, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - H. Park
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - M. Lončar
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - D. S. Levonian
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- AWS Center for Quantum Networking, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - M. D. Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang P, Zhang J, Luan CY, Um M, Wang Y, Qiao M, Xie T, Zhang JN, Cabello A, Kim K. Significant loophole-free test of Kochen-Specker contextuality using two species of atomic ions. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabk1660. [PMID: 35138888 PMCID: PMC8827658 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk1660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Quantum measurements cannot be thought of as revealing preexisting results, even when they do not disturb any other measurement in the same trial. This feature is called contextuality and is crucial for the quantum advantage in computing. Here, we report the observation of quantum contextuality simultaneously free of the detection, sharpness, and compatibility loopholes. The detection and sharpness loopholes are closed by adopting a hybrid two-ion system and highly efficient fluorescence measurements offering a detection efficiency of 100% and a measurement repeatability of >98%. The compatibility loophole is closed by targeting correlations between observables for two different ions in a Paul trap, a 171Yb+ ion and a 138Ba+ ion, chosen so measurements on each ion use different operation laser wavelengths, fluorescence wavelengths, and detectors. The experimental results show a violation of the bound for the most adversarial noncontextual models and open a way to certify quantum systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Yang Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mark Um
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Mu Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian Xie
- Kavli Nanoscience Institute and Thomas J. Watson Sr., Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Jing-Ning Zhang
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China
| | - Adán Cabello
- Departamento de Física Aplicada II, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain
- Instituto Carlos I de Física Teórica y Computacional, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Kihwan Kim
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hughes AC, Schäfer VM, Thirumalai K, Nadlinger DP, Woodrow SR, Lucas DM, Ballance CJ. Benchmarking a High-Fidelity Mixed-Species Entangling Gate. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:080504. [PMID: 32909787 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.080504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We implement a two-qubit logic gate between a ^{43}Ca^{+} hyperfine qubit and a ^{88}Sr^{+} Zeeman qubit. For this pair of ion species, the S-P optical transitions are close enough that a single laser of wavelength 402 nm can be used to drive the gate but sufficiently well separated to give good spectral isolation and low photon scattering errors. We characterize the gate by full randomized benchmarking, gate set tomography, and Bell state analysis. The latter method gives a fidelity of 99.8(1)%, comparable to that of the best same-species gates and consistent with known sources of error.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A C Hughes
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - V M Schäfer
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - K Thirumalai
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - D P Nadlinger
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - S R Woodrow
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - D M Lucas
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - C J Ballance
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Arnold KJ, Kaewuam R, Chanu SR, Tan TR, Zhang Z, Barrett MD. Precision Measurements of the ^{138}Ba^{+} 6s^{2}S_{1/2}-5d^{2}D_{5/2} Clock Transition. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:193001. [PMID: 32469594 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.193001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Measurement of the ^{138}Ba^{+} ^{2}S_{1/2}-^{2}D_{5/2} clock transition frequency and D_{5/2} Landé g_{J} factor are reported. The clock transition frequency ν_{Ba^{+}}=170126432449333.31±(0.39)_{stat}±(0.29)_{sys} Hz, is obtained with accuracy limited by the frequency calibration of the maser used as a reference oscillator. The Landé g_{J} factor for the ^{2}D_{5/2} level is determined to be g_{D}=1.20036739(24), which is a 30-fold improvement on previous measurements. The g-factor measurements are corrected for an ac-magnetic field from trap-drive-induced currents in the electrodes, and data taken over a range of magnetic fields underscores the importance of accounting for this systematic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K J Arnold
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore
- Temasek Laboratories, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411 Singapore
| | - R Kaewuam
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore
| | - S R Chanu
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore
| | - T R Tan
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117551 Singapore
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore
| | - M D Barrett
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117551 Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Crocker C, Lichtman M, Sosnova K, Carter A, Scarano S, Monroe C. High purity single photons entangled with an atomic qubit. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:28143-28149. [PMID: 31684572 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.028143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Trapped atomic ions are an ideal candidate for quantum network nodes, with long-lived identical qubit memories that can be locally entangled through their Coulomb interaction and remotely entangled through photonic channels. The integrity of this photonic interface is generally reliant on the purity of single photons produced by the quantum memory. Here, we demonstrate a single-photon source for quantum networking based on a trapped 138Ba+ ion with a single photon purity of g (2)(0)=(8.1±2.3)×10-5 without background subtraction. We further optimize the tradeoff between the photonic generation rate and the memory-photon entanglement fidelity for the case of polarization photonic qubits by tailoring the spatial mode of the collected light.
Collapse
|
13
|
Wehner S, Elkouss D, Hanson R. Quantum internet: A vision for the road ahead. Science 2018; 362:362/6412/eaam9288. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aam9288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 660] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The internet—a vast network that enables simultaneous long-range classical communication—has had a revolutionary impact on our world. The vision of a quantum internet is to fundamentally enhance internet technology by enabling quantum communication between any two points on Earth. Such a quantum internet may operate in parallel to the internet that we have today and connect quantum processors in order to achieve capabilities that are provably impossible by using only classical means. Here, we propose stages of development toward a full-blown quantum internet and highlight experimental and theoretical progress needed to attain them.
Collapse
|