1
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Krutyanskiy V, Galli M, Krcmarsky V, Baier S, Fioretto DA, Pu Y, Mazloom A, Sekatski P, Canteri M, Teller M, Schupp J, Bate J, Meraner M, Sangouard N, Lanyon BP, Northup TE. Entanglement of Trapped-Ion Qubits Separated by 230 Meters. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:050803. [PMID: 36800448 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.050803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We report on an elementary quantum network of two atomic ions separated by 230 m. The ions are trapped in different buildings and connected with 520(2) m of optical fiber. At each network node, the electronic state of an ion is entangled with the polarization state of a single cavity photon; subsequent to interference of the photons at a beam splitter, photon detection heralds entanglement between the two ions. Fidelities of up to (88.0+2.2-4.7)% are achieved with respect to a maximally entangled Bell state, with a success probability of 4×10^{-5}. We analyze the routes to improve these metrics, paving the way for long-distance networks of entangled quantum processors.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Krutyanskiy
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Galli
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - V Krcmarsky
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S Baier
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - D A Fioretto
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Y Pu
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A Mazloom
- Department of Physics, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets NW, Washington, D.C. 20057, USA
| | - P Sekatski
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Canteri
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Teller
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J Schupp
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J Bate
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Meraner
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - N Sangouard
- Institut de Physique Théorique, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - B P Lanyon
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - T E Northup
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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2
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Hermans SLN, Pompili M, Beukers HKC, Baier S, Borregaard J, Hanson R. Qubit teleportation between non-neighbouring nodes in a quantum network. Nature 2022; 605:663-668. [PMID: 35614248 PMCID: PMC9132773 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04697-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Future quantum internet applications will derive their power from the ability to share quantum information across the network1,2. Quantum teleportation allows for the reliable transfer of quantum information between distant nodes, even in the presence of highly lossy network connections3. Although many experimental demonstrations have been performed on different quantum network platforms4-10, moving beyond directly connected nodes has, so far, been hindered by the demanding requirements on the pre-shared remote entanglement, joint qubit readout and coherence times. Here we realize quantum teleportation between remote, non-neighbouring nodes in a quantum network. The network uses three optically connected nodes based on solid-state spin qubits. The teleporter is prepared by establishing remote entanglement on the two links, followed by entanglement swapping on the middle node and storage in a memory qubit. We demonstrate that, once successful preparation of the teleporter is heralded, arbitrary qubit states can be teleported with fidelity above the classical bound, even with unit efficiency. These results are enabled by key innovations in the qubit readout procedure, active memory qubit protection during entanglement generation and tailored heralding that reduces remote entanglement infidelities. Our work demonstrates a prime building block for future quantum networks and opens the door to exploring teleportation-based multi-node protocols and applications2,11-13.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L N Hermans
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - M Pompili
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - H K C Beukers
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - S Baier
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.,Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J Borregaard
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - R Hanson
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
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3
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Pompili M, Hermans SLN, Baier S, Beukers HKC, Humphreys PC, Schouten RN, Vermeulen RFL, Tiggelman MJ, Dos Santos Martins L, Dirkse B, Wehner S, Hanson R. Realization of a multinode quantum network of remote solid-state qubits. Science 2021; 372:259-264. [PMID: 33859028 DOI: 10.1126/science.abg1919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The distribution of entangled states across the nodes of a future quantum internet will unlock fundamentally new technologies. Here, we report on the realization of a three-node entanglement-based quantum network. We combine remote quantum nodes based on diamond communication qubits into a scalable phase-stabilized architecture, supplemented with a robust memory qubit and local quantum logic. In addition, we achieve real-time communication and feed-forward gate operations across the network. We demonstrate two quantum network protocols without postselection: the distribution of genuine multipartite entangled states across the three nodes and entanglement swapping through an intermediary node. Our work establishes a key platform for exploring, testing, and developing multinode quantum network protocols and a quantum network control stack.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pompili
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands.,Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - S L N Hermans
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands.,Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - S Baier
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands.,Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - H K C Beukers
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands.,Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - P C Humphreys
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands.,Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - R N Schouten
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands.,Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - R F L Vermeulen
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands.,Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - M J Tiggelman
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands.,Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - L Dos Santos Martins
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands.,Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - B Dirkse
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands.,Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - S Wehner
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands.,Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - R Hanson
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands. .,Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
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4
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Baier S, Bradley CE, Middelburg T, Dobrovitski VV, Taminiau TH, Hanson R. Orbital and Spin Dynamics of Single Neutrally-Charged Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:193601. [PMID: 33216607 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.193601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The neutral charge state plays an important role in quantum information and sensing applications based on nitrogen-vacancy centers. However, the orbital and spin dynamics remain unexplored. Here, we use resonant excitation of single centers to directly reveal the fine structure, enabling selective addressing of spin-orbit states. Through pump-probe experiments, we find the orbital relaxation time (430 ns at 4.7 K) and measure its temperature dependence up to 11.8 K. Finally, we reveal the spin relaxation time (1.5 s) and realize projective high-fidelity single-shot readout of the spin state (≥98%).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Baier
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - C E Bradley
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - T Middelburg
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - V V Dobrovitski
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - T H Taminiau
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - R Hanson
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
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5
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Baier S, Petter D, Becher JH, Patscheider A, Natale G, Chomaz L, Mark MJ, Ferlaino F. Realization of a Strongly Interacting Fermi Gas of Dipolar Atoms. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:093602. [PMID: 30230905 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.093602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We realize a two-component dipolar Fermi gas with tunable interactions, using erbium atoms. Employing a lattice-protection technique, we selectively prepare deeply degenerate mixtures of the two lowest spin states and perform high-resolution Feshbach spectroscopy in an optical dipole trap. We identify a comparatively broad Feshbach resonance and map the interspin scattering length in its vicinity. The Fermi mixture shows a remarkable collisional stability in the strongly interacting regime, providing a first step towards studies of superfluid pairing, crossing from Cooper pairs to bound molecules, in presence of dipole-dipole interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Baier
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - D Petter
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J H Becher
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A Patscheider
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - G Natale
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - L Chomaz
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M J Mark
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - F Ferlaino
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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6
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Chomaz L, van Bijnen RMW, Petter D, Faraoni G, Baier S, Becher JH, Mark MJ, Wächtler F, Santos L, Ferlaino F. Observation of Roton Mode Population in a Dipolar Quantum Gas. Nat Phys 2018; 14:442-446. [PMID: 29861780 PMCID: PMC5972007 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-018-0054-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The concept of a roton, a special kind of elementary excitation, forming a minimum of energy at finite momentum, has been essential to understand the properties of superfluid 4He 1. In quantum liquids, rotons arise from the strong interparticle interactions, whose microscopic description remains debated 2. In the realm of highly-controllable quantum gases, a roton mode has been predicted to emerge due to magnetic dipole-dipole interactions despite of their weakly-interacting character 3. This prospect has raised considerable interest 4-12; yet roton modes in dipolar quantum gases have remained elusive to observations. Here we report experimental and theoretical studies of the momentum distribution in Bose-Einstein condensates of highly-magnetic erbium atoms, revealing the existence of the long-sought roton mode. Following an interaction quench, the roton mode manifests itself with the appearance of symmetric peaks at well-defined finite momentum. The roton momentum follows the predicted geometrical scaling with the inverse of the confinement length along the magnetisation axis. From the growth of the roton population, we probe the roton softening of the excitation spectrum in time and extract the corresponding imaginary roton gap. Our results provide a further step in the quest towards supersolidity in dipolar quantum gases 13.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Chomaz
- Institut für Experimentalphysik,Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R. M. W. van Bijnen
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation,Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - D. Petter
- Institut für Experimentalphysik,Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - G. Faraoni
- Institut für Experimentalphysik,Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Firenze, Via Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - S. Baier
- Institut für Experimentalphysik,Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J. H. Becher
- Institut für Experimentalphysik,Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M. J. Mark
- Institut für Experimentalphysik,Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation,Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - F. Wächtler
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstr. 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - L. Santos
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstr. 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - F. Ferlaino
- Institut für Experimentalphysik,Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation,Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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7
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Rumancev C, von Gundlach AR, Baier S, Wittstock A, Shi J, Benzi F, Senkbeil T, Stuhr S, Garamusx VM, Grunwaldt JD, Rosenhahn A. Morphological analysis of cerium oxide stabilized nanoporous gold catalysts by soft X-ray ASAXS. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra05396g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft X-ray SAXS and ASAXS reveal nanostructural properties and temperature induced morphological changes in catalyst materials. The stabilizing effect of cerium oxide deposits on the gold catalyst and the morphological properties of the cerium oxide were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Rumancev
- Analytical Chemistry – Biointerfaces
- Ruhr-University Bochum
- 44780 Bochum
- Germany
| | - A. R. von Gundlach
- Analytical Chemistry – Biointerfaces
- Ruhr-University Bochum
- 44780 Bochum
- Germany
| | - S. Baier
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - A. Wittstock
- Institute of Applied and Physical Chemistry
- University of Bremen
- 28359 Bremen
- Germany
| | - J. Shi
- Institute of Applied and Physical Chemistry
- University of Bremen
- 28359 Bremen
- Germany
| | - F. Benzi
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - T. Senkbeil
- Analytical Chemistry – Biointerfaces
- Ruhr-University Bochum
- 44780 Bochum
- Germany
| | - S. Stuhr
- Analytical Chemistry – Biointerfaces
- Ruhr-University Bochum
- 44780 Bochum
- Germany
| | - V. M. Garamusx
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht
- Zentrum für Material und Küstenforschung GmbH
- 21502 Geesthacht
- Germany
| | - J.-D. Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - A. Rosenhahn
- Analytical Chemistry – Biointerfaces
- Ruhr-University Bochum
- 44780 Bochum
- Germany
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Abstract
Abstract
The article provides an overview on the code DYN3D which is a three-dimensional core model for steady-state, dynamic and depletion calculations in reactor cores with quadratic or hexagonal fuel assembly geometry being developed by the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf for more than 20 years. The current paper gives an overview on the basic DYN3D models and the available code couplings. The verification and validation status is shortly outlined. The paper concludes with the current developments of the DYN3D code. For more detailed information the reader is referred to the publications cited in the corresponding chapters.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Kliem
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) e. V. , Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden , Germany
| | - Y. Bilodid
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) e. V. , Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden , Germany
| | - E. Fridman
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) e. V. , Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden , Germany
| | - S. Baier
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) e. V. , Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden , Germany
| | - A. Grahn
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) e. V. , Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden , Germany
| | - A. Gommlich
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) e. V. , Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden , Germany
| | - E. Nikitin
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) e. V. , Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden , Germany
| | - U. Rohde
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) e. V. , Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden , Germany
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9
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Baier S, Mark MJ, Petter D, Aikawa K, Chomaz L, Cai Z, Baranov M, Zoller P, Ferlaino F. Extended Bose-Hubbard models with ultracold magnetic atoms. Science 2016; 352:201-5. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aac9812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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10
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Holt L, Rohde U, Kliem S, Baier S, Seidl M, Van Uffelen P, Macián-Juan R. Investigation of feedback on neutron kinetics and thermal hydraulics from detailed online fuel behavior modeling during a boron dilution transient in a PWR with the two-way coupled code system DYN3D-TRANSURANUS. Nuclear Engineering and Design 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Frisch A, Mark M, Aikawa K, Baier S, Grimm R, Petrov A, Kotochigova S, Quéméner G, Lepers M, Dulieu O, Ferlaino F. Ultracold Dipolar Molecules Composed of Strongly Magnetic Atoms. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:203201. [PMID: 26613437 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.203201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In a combined experimental and theoretical effort, we demonstrate a novel type of dipolar system made of ultracold bosonic dipolar molecules with large magnetic dipole moments. Our dipolar molecules are formed in weakly bound Feshbach molecular states from a sample of strongly magnetic bosonic erbium atoms. We show that the ultracold magnetic molecules can carry very large dipole moments and we demonstrate how to create and characterize them, and how to change their orientation. Finally, we confirm that the relaxation rates of molecules in a quasi-two-dimensional geometry can be reduced by using the anisotropy of the dipole-dipole interaction and that this reduction follows a universal dipolar behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Frisch
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Mark
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - K Aikawa
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S Baier
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R Grimm
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A Petrov
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - S Kotochigova
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - G Quéméner
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - M Lepers
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - O Dulieu
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - F Ferlaino
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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12
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Maier T, Kadau H, Schmitt M, Wenzel M, Ferrier-Barbut I, Pfau T, Frisch A, Baier S, Aikawa K, Chomaz L, Mark MJ, Ferlaino F, Makrides C, Tiesinga E, Petrov A, Kotochigova S. Emergence of Chaotic Scattering in Ultracold Er and Dy. Phys Rev X 2015; 5:041029. [PMID: 29876143 PMCID: PMC5986194 DOI: 10.1103/physrevx.5.041029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We show that for ultracold magnetic lanthanide atoms chaotic scattering emerges due to a combination of anisotropic interaction potentials and Zeeman coupling under an external magnetic field. This scattering is studied in a collaborative experimental and theoretical effort for both dysprosium and erbium. We present extensive atom-loss measurements of their dense magnetic Feshbach-resonance spectra, analyze their statistical properties, and compare to predictions from a random-matrix-theory-inspired model. Furthermore, theoretical coupled-channels simulations of the anisotropic molecular Hamiltonian at zero magnetic field show that weakly bound, near threshold diatomic levels form overlapping, uncoupled chaotic series that when combined are randomly distributed. The Zeeman interaction shifts and couples these levels, leading to a Feshbach spectrum of zero-energy bound states with nearest-neighbor spacings that changes from randomly to chaotically distributed for increasing magnetic field. Finally, we show that the extreme temperature sensitivity of a small, but sizable fraction of the resonances in the Dy and Er atom-loss spectra is due to resonant nonzero partial-wave collisions. Our threshold analysis for these resonances indicates a large collision-energy dependence of the three-body recombination rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Maier
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - H. Kadau
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - M. Schmitt
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - M. Wenzel
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - I. Ferrier-Barbut
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - T. Pfau
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - A. Frisch
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S. Baier
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - K. Aikawa
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - L. Chomaz
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M. J. Mark
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - F. Ferlaino
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - C. Makrides
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - E. Tiesinga
- Joint Quantum Institute and Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8423, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - A. Petrov
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - S. Kotochigova
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
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Baier S, Rochet A, Hofmann G, Kraut M, Grunwaldt JD. Lithographically fabricated silicon microreactor for in situ characterization of heterogeneous catalysts—Enabling correlative characterization techniques. Rev Sci Instrum 2015; 86:065101. [PMID: 26133867 DOI: 10.1063/1.4921775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report on a new modular setup on a silicon-based microreactor designed for correlative spectroscopic, scattering, and analytic on-line gas investigations for in situ studies of heterogeneous catalysts. The silicon microreactor allows a combination of synchrotron radiation based techniques (e.g., X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy) as well as infrared thermography and Raman spectroscopy. Catalytic performance can be determined simultaneously by on-line product analysis using mass spectrometry. We present the design of the reactor, the experimental setup, and as a first example for an in situ study, the catalytic partial oxidation of methane showing the applicability of this reactor for in situ studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Baier
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Rochet
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G Hofmann
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Kraut
- Institute for Micro Process Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - J-D Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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14
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Aikawa K, Frisch A, Mark M, Baier S, Grimm R, Bohn JL, Jin DS, Bruun GM, Ferlaino F. Anisotropic relaxation dynamics in a dipolar Fermi gas driven out of equilibrium. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:263201. [PMID: 25615326 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.263201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report on the observation of a large anisotropy in the rethermalization dynamics of an ultracold dipolar Fermi gas driven out of equilibrium. Our system consists of an ultracold sample of strongly magnetic 167Er fermions, spin polarized in the lowest Zeeman sublevel. In this system, elastic collisions arise purely from universal dipolar scattering. Based on cross-dimensional rethermalization experiments, we observe a strong anisotropy of the scattering, which manifests itself in a large angular dependence of the thermal relaxation dynamics. Our result is in good agreement with recent theoretical predictions. Furthermore, we measure the rethermalization rate as a function of temperature for different angles and find that the suppression of collisions by Pauli blocking is not influenced by the dipole orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Aikawa
- Institut für Experimentalphysik and Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A Frisch
- Institut für Experimentalphysik and Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Mark
- Institut für Experimentalphysik and Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S Baier
- Institut für Experimentalphysik and Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R Grimm
- Institut für Experimentalphysik and Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria and Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J L Bohn
- JILA, NIST, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - D S Jin
- JILA, NIST, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - G M Bruun
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, Ny Munkegade, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - F Ferlaino
- Institut für Experimentalphysik and Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria and Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Aikawa
- Institut für Experimentalphysik and Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S. Baier
- Institut für Experimentalphysik and Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A. Frisch
- Institut für Experimentalphysik and Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M. Mark
- Institut für Experimentalphysik and Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - C. Ravensbergen
- Institut für Experimentalphysik and Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - F. Ferlaino
- Institut für Experimentalphysik and Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Hofmann G, Rochet A, Baier S, Casapu M, Ritter S, Wilde F, Ogurreck M, Beckmann F, Grunwaldt JD. Ageing Effects on Exhaust Gas Catalysts: Microscopic Changes Captured by X-Ray Tomography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/499/1/012017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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17
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Aikawa K, Frisch A, Mark M, Baier S, Grimm R, Ferlaino F. Reaching Fermi degeneracy via universal dipolar scattering. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:010404. [PMID: 24483874 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.010404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report on the creation of a degenerate dipolar Fermi gas of erbium atoms. We force evaporative cooling in a fully spin-polarized sample down to temperatures as low as 0.2 times the Fermi temperature. The strong magnetic dipole-dipole interaction enables elastic collisions between identical fermions even in the zero-energy limit. The measured elastic scattering cross section agrees well with the predictions from the dipolar scattering theory, which follow a universal scaling law depending only on the dipole moment and on the atomic mass. Our approach to quantum degeneracy proceeds with very high cooling efficiency and provides large atomic densities, and it may be extended to various dipolar systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Aikawa
- Institut für Experimentalphysik and Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A Frisch
- Institut für Experimentalphysik and Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Mark
- Institut für Experimentalphysik and Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S Baier
- Institut für Experimentalphysik and Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R Grimm
- Institut für Experimentalphysik and Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria and Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - F Ferlaino
- Institut für Experimentalphysik and Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Rohde U, Baier S, Duerigen S, Fridman E, Kliem S, Merk B. Development and verification of the coupled 3D neutron kinetics/thermal-hydraulics code DYN3D-HTR for the simulation of transients in block-type HTGR. Nuclear Engineering and Design 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2011.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Aikawa K, Frisch A, Mark M, Baier S, Rietzler A, Grimm R, Ferlaino F. Bose-Einstein condensation of erbium. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:210401. [PMID: 23003221 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.210401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report on the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation of erbium atoms and on the observation of magnetic Feshbach resonances at low magnetic fields. By means of evaporative cooling in an optical dipole trap, we produce pure condensates of 168Er, containing up to 7×10(4) atoms. Feshbach spectroscopy reveals an extraordinary rich loss spectrum with six loss resonances already in a narrow magnetic-field range up to 3 G. Finally, we demonstrate the application of a low-field Feshbach resonance to produce a tunable dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate and we observe its characteristic d-wave collapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Aikawa
- Institut für Experimentalphysik and Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Rohde U, Baier S, Duerigen S, Fridman E, Kliem S, Merk B. Development of the coupled 3D neutron kinetics/thermal-hydraulics code DYN3D-HTR for the simulation of transients in block-type HTGR. KERNTECHNIK 2011. [DOI: 10.3139/124.110147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The Light Water Reactor (LWR) dynamics code DYN3D is extended and adopted for the application to block-type High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (HTGR). A procedure for the cross section generation for the HTGR core calculations was developed. The modified Reactivity-Equivalent Physical Transformation (RPT) approach is applied in order to eliminate the double-heterogeneity of HTGR fuel elements in the deterministic lattice calculations. A full core analysis of the reference simplified HTGR core is performed with DYN3D using macroscopic nodal cross sections provided by HELIOS.
The SP3 transport approximation is integrated into the multi-group DYN3D code to take anisotropy of the neutron flux and heterogeneity of the core more precisely into account. The SP3 method was developed for hexagonal geometry of the graphite blocks, where the hexagons are subdivided into triangular nodes.
A 3D heat conduction module coupled with a channel-type coolant flow model is implemented into the code. It is shown that there is significant redistribution of the produced heat by heat conduction between the graphite blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - B. Merk
- E-mail: Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden
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21
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Chakrabarti A, Adams CE, Rathbone J, Wright J, Xia J, Wong W, Von Reibnitz P, Koenig C, Baier S, Pfeiffer C, Blatter J, Mantz M, Kloeckner K. Schizophrenia trials in China: a survey. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2007; 116:6-9. [PMID: 17559595 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2007.01027.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE China's biomedical research activity is increasing and this literature is becoming more accessible online. Our aim was to survey all randomized control schizophrenia trials (RCTs) in one Chinese bibliographic database. METHOD Chinese Academic Journals was electronically searched for RCTs and all relevant citations were also sought on PubMed to ascertain global accessibility. RESULTS The search identified 3275 records, of which 982 were RCTs relevant to schizophrenia. A total of 71% (699) could be found by using English phrases. All the main body of text of the 982 papers was in Mandarin. On average, these trials involved about 100 people, with interventions and outcome measures familiar to schizophrenia trialists worldwide. Four of the 982 records (<1%) were identified on PubMed. CONCLUSION Those undertaking systematic reviews should search the Chinese literature for relevant material. Failing to do this will leave the results of systematic reviews prone to random error or bias, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chakrabarti
- General Adult Psychiatry, Newsam Centre, Seacroft Hospital, York Road, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK.
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Pedersini R, Vattemi E, Lusso M, Baier S, Campello M, Broger M, Schwarz A, Maffei M, Lukas P, Graiff C. Adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide and radiation therapy in patients with high grade gliomas. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
12534 Background: Temozolomide, a novel alkylating agent, has shown activity in the treatment of patients with high-grade gliomas. The current standard of care for newly diagnosed glioblastoma is surgical resection to the extent feasible, followed by adjuvant chemo- radiotherapy according to Stupp regimen. Methods: We reviewed our experience with a combination of radiotherapy (fractionated focal irradiation in daily fractions of 2 Gy given 5 days per week for 6 weeks, for a total of 60 Gy) plus continuous daily temozolomide (75 mg per square meter of body-surface area per day, 7 days per week from the first to the last day of radiotherapy), followed by six cycles of adjuvant temozolomide (150 to 200 mg per square meter for 5 days during each 28-day cycle). Results: 43 patients , median ECOG PS= 0, were treated with concomitant RT and Temozolomide at our institution since March 2004. Median age was 63 (range 33–73), with 62% over 60 years. All patients had histologically confirmed high grade gliomas: glioblastoma multiforme (32), grade III oligodendroglioma (3), grade III oligoastrocytoma (2), grade III astrocytoma (6). 2/43 patients underwent only a biopsy, the remaining underwent debulking surgery. At a median follow-up of 17 months, the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 6 mo and median overall survival (OS) was 12 mo. Median PFS and median OS were similar in elderly ( = 60 years). Treatment was well tolerated. Only one patient had grade IV haematological toxicity. One patient discontinued treatment due to hepatotoxicity. Conclusions: Our findings confirm the results of the EORTC trial(Stupp R et al., 2005) No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E. Vattemi
- Central Regional Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
| | - M. Lusso
- Central Regional Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
| | - S. Baier
- Central Regional Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
| | | | - M. Broger
- Central Regional Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
| | - A. Schwarz
- Central Regional Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
| | - M. Maffei
- Central Regional Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
| | - P. Lukas
- Central Regional Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
| | - C. Graiff
- Central Regional Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
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Vattemi E, Pedersini R, Kildani B, Stocker J, Baier S, Cretella E, Petric M, Lusso M, Graiff C. Phase II study of oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.14119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
14119 Background: The aim of the study was to assess the toxicity and the clinical activity of oxaliplatin in combination with infusional 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and folinic acid (FA) administered every 2 weeks in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Methods: 26 patients with recurrent and/or metastatic gastric cancer were enrolled. They received oxaliplatin 85 mg/mq on day 1, FA 200 mg/mq as a 2 h infusion followed by bolus 5-FU 400 mg/mq repeated for 2 consecutive days (FOLFOX-4). Treatment was repeated every two weeks until disease progression or limiting toxicity. Results: Patients had a median age of 62 years (range, 74–40); 19 patients had a PS of 0–1. Twenty patients had a newly diagnosed metastatic disease and 6 patients had recurrent disease. The median number of sites involved was 2. Four patients had prior adjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin, 5-FU and epirubicin. So far, 22 of 26 patients are evaluable. The mean number of cycles was 8.6 (range, 2–15). One complete response (4.5%) and 9 partial responses (41%) were observed for an overall response rate of 45%. Stable disease was seen in 8 patients (36%) and disease progression occurred in 4 patients (18%) Median progression free survival was 4.7 months and median overall survival was 9.8 months. No WHO grade IV toxicity occurred and the only grade III toxicity was peripheral neuropaty (10%). The most commonly reported hematologic event was grade II neutropenia (20%) and trombocytopenia (15%). Conclusions: FOLFOX-4 regimen shows good efficacy and accetable safety profile in advanced gastric patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Vattemi
- Ospedale Generale Regionale Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy; Ospedale S. Orsola, Brescia, Italy
| | - R. Pedersini
- Ospedale Generale Regionale Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy; Ospedale S. Orsola, Brescia, Italy
| | - B. Kildani
- Ospedale Generale Regionale Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy; Ospedale S. Orsola, Brescia, Italy
| | - J. Stocker
- Ospedale Generale Regionale Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy; Ospedale S. Orsola, Brescia, Italy
| | - S. Baier
- Ospedale Generale Regionale Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy; Ospedale S. Orsola, Brescia, Italy
| | - E. Cretella
- Ospedale Generale Regionale Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy; Ospedale S. Orsola, Brescia, Italy
| | - M. Petric
- Ospedale Generale Regionale Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy; Ospedale S. Orsola, Brescia, Italy
| | - M. Lusso
- Ospedale Generale Regionale Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy; Ospedale S. Orsola, Brescia, Italy
| | - C. Graiff
- Ospedale Generale Regionale Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy; Ospedale S. Orsola, Brescia, Italy
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Baier S. [Mange eradication in piglet producing farms in the Weser-Ems region]. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr 2005; 112:296-9. [PMID: 16218182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A variety of reports on mange eradication exist in international literature. Adequate programs are yet to be established in Germany. The commonly used examination of skin scrapings proved to be insufficient. Due to reliable results the pig health service is using Sarcoptes-ELISA (AFOSA GmbH). In the years 2001 and 2002 a Sacoptes suis eradication was accomplished in two sow farms in the Weser-Ems region and since continuously monitored clinical examinations have been used, as well as ELISA testing and skin scrapings. After two years of monitoring a certificate on "unsuspicious for mange" was given to both farms in November 2003 and June 2004. The practical approach will be described. This Sarcoptes eradication is possible even in areas with intensive pig production. When setting up or expanding high health breeding or multiplying herds "unsuspicious for mange" should be one of the important health targets. The practical results with the use of the Sarcoptes-ELISA for monitoring sow farms are promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Baier
- Schweinegesundheitsdienst der Landwirtschaftskammer Weser-Ems
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Baier S, McClements DJ. Impact of preferential interactions on thermal stability and gelation of bovine serum albumin in aqueous sucrose solutions. J Agric Food Chem 2001; 49:2600-2608. [PMID: 11368642 DOI: 10.1021/jf001096j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The influence of sucrose (0--40 wt %) on the thermal denaturation and gelation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in aqueous solution has been studied. The effect of sucrose on heat denaturation of 1 wt % BSA solutions (pH 6.9) was measured using ultrasensitive differential scanning calorimetry. The unfolding process was irreversible and could be characterized by a denaturation temperature (T(m)), activation energy (E(A)), and pre-exponential factor (A). As the sucrose concentration increased from 0 to 40 wt %, T(m) increased from 72.9 to 79.2 degrees C, E(A) decreased from 314 to 289 kJ mol(-1), and ln(A/s(-1)) decreased from 104 to 94. The rise in T(m) was attributed to the increased thermal stability of the globular state of BSA relative to its native state because of differences in their preferential interactions with sucrose. The change in preferential interaction coefficient (Delta Gamma(3,2)) associated with the native-to-denatured transition was estimated. The dynamic shear rheology of 2 wt % BSA solutions (pH 6.9, 100 mM NaCl) was monitored as they were heated from 30 to 90 degrees C, held at 90 degrees C for either 15 or 120 min, and then cooled to 30 degrees C. Sucrose increased the gelation temperature due to thermal stabilization of the native state of the protein. The complex shear modulus (G) of cooled gels decreased with sucrose concentration when they were held at 90 degrees C for 15 min because the fraction of irreversibly denatured protein decreased. On the other hand, G of cooled gels increased with sucrose concentration when they were held at 90 degrees C for 120 min because a greater fraction of irreversibly denatured protein was formed and the strength of the protein-protein interactions increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Baier
- Biopolymers and Colloids Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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Panton LB, Rathmacher JA, Baier S, Nissen S. Nutritional supplementation of the leucine metabolite beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (hmb) during resistance training. Nutrition 2000; 16:734-9. [PMID: 10978853 DOI: 10.1016/s0899-9007(00)00376-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The effects of supplementation of the leucine metabolite beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) were examined in a resistance training study. Thirty-nine men and 36 women between the ages of 20-40 y were randomized to either a placebo (P) supplemented or HMB supplemented (3.0 g HMB/d) group in two gender cohorts. All subjects trained three times per week for 4 wk. In the HMB group, plasma creatine phosphokinase levels tended to be suppressed compared to the placebo group following the 4 wk of resistance training (HMB:174. 4 +/- 26.8 to 173.5 +/- 17.0 U/L; P:155.0 +/- 20.8 to 195.2 +/- 23.5 U/L). There were no significant differences in strength gains based on prior training status or gender with HMB supplementation. The HMB group had a greater increase in upper body strength than the placebo group (HMB:7.5 +/- 0.6 kg; P:5.2 +/- 0.6 kg; P = 0.008). The HMB groups increased fat-free weight by 1.4 +/- 0.2 kg and decreased percent fat by 1.1% +/- 0.2% while the placebo groups increased fat-free weight by 0.9 +/- 0.2 kg and decreased percent fat by 0.5% +/- 0.2% (fat-free weight P = 0.08, percent fat P = 0.08, HMB compared to placebo). In summary, this is the first short-term study to investigate the roles of gender and training status on the effects of HMB supplementation on strength and body composition. This study showed, regardless of gender or training status, HMB may increase upper body strength and minimize muscle damage when combined with an exercise program.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B Panton
- Department of Education, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee 37614, USA.
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Aquino A, Prete SP, Baier S, Cappelletti D, Greiner JW, De Vecchis L, Graziani G, Bonmassar E. Staurosporine increases carcinoembryonic antigen expression in a human colon cancer cell line. J Chemother 2000; 12:167-72. [PMID: 10789557 DOI: 10.1179/joc.2000.12.2.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Staurosporine (ST), a protein kinase C inhibitor, was found to produce antitumor effects against C22.20, a clonal subline derived from colon cancer HT-29 line, selected for low expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). However, as assessed by FACS analysis using propidium iodide, no apoptosis or cell cycle alteration was found on day 3 after treatment of C22.20 cells with ST (1-100nM). Exposure of cells to graded concentrations of the drug (i.e., from 1 to 25nM) resulted in a concentration-dependent increase in the percentage of CEA positive cells, as determined by flow cytometric analysis. However, when higher concentrations (i.e. 50nM - 100nM) of ST were used, the percentage of CEA positive cells declined compared to that detected in 25nM-treated tumor. Since these results were obtained in a clonal cell population, it is reasonable to hypothesize that induction rather than selection mechanism is involved in this phenomenon. The potential clinical interest of the present findings stems from the consideration that treatment with ST or its derivatives could improve sensitivity and efficacy of diagnostic and/or immunotherapeutic approaches based on CEA molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aquino
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Pharmacology and Medical Oncology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy.
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Klausegger A, Hell M, Berger A, Zinober K, Baier S, Jones N, Sperl W, Kofler B. Gram type-specific broad-range PCR amplification for rapid detection of 62 pathogenic bacteria. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37:464-6. [PMID: 9889245 PMCID: PMC84344 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.37.2.464-466.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Broad-range PCR has proven to be useful for the detection of bacteria. A set of broad-range PCR primers directed against conserved regions in the 16S rRNA gene was designed to specifically amplify either gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria. The gram type-specific broad-range PCR correctly classified all 62 pathogenic species tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Klausegger
- Children's Hospital, General Hospital Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Baier S. The view from bed number ten. Healthc Forum J 1996; 39:60-7. [PMID: 10156630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Rössler U, Thomassen E, Hültner L, Baier S, Danescu J, Werenskiold AK. Secreted and membrane-bound isoforms of T1, an orphan receptor related to IL-1-binding proteins, are differently expressed in vivo. Dev Biol 1995; 168:86-97. [PMID: 7883081 DOI: 10.1006/dbio.1995.1063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The murine T1 gene encodes a membrane-bound glycoprotein (T1-M), highly similar to interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor type I, and a soluble variant (T1-S) representing its isolated extracellular domain. In vivo, the expression pattern of both T1 isoforms differs drastically. The T1-M receptor is abundantly expressed in single cells of the major hemopoietic organs (embryonic liver, spleen, bone marrow). It is restricted to few hemopoietic cell types throughout ontogenesis. By contrast, the soluble T1-S protein is predominantly expressed in selected nonhemopoietic embryonic tissues (developing skin, bone, and retina) and deposited in extracellular matrix. Despite the similarity of the T1 ligand-binding domain to all IL-1-binding proteins, it does not exhibit affinity to either IL-1 alpha or -beta. Thus, T1-M likely represents a novel orphan receptor of selected hemopoietic cells. The matrix-associated T1-S variant might act to create a reservoir of the putative T1 ligand in some differentiating tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Rössler
- Abteilung Zellchemie, GSF-Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit, Neuherberg, Federal Republic of Germany
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Gockel G, Hachtel W, Baier S, Fliss C, Henke M. Genes for components of the chloroplast translational apparatus are conserved in the reduced 73-kb plastid DNA of the nonphotosynthetic euglenoid flagellate Astasia longa. Curr Genet 1994; 26:256-62. [PMID: 7859309 DOI: 10.1007/bf00309557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The colourless, nonphotosynthetic protist Astasia longa is phylogenetically related to Euglena gracilis. The 73-kb plastid DNA (ptDNA) of A. longa is about half the size of most chloroplast DNAs (cpDNAs). More than 38 kb of the Astasia ptDNA sequence has been determined. No genes for photosynthetic function have been found except for rbcL. Identified genes include rpoB, tufA, and genes coding for three rRNAs, 17 tRNAs, and 13 ribosomal proteins. Not only is the nucleotide sequence of these genes highly conserved between A. longa and E. gracilis, but a number of these genes are clustered in a similar fashion and have introns in the same positions in both species. The results further support the idea that photosynthetic genes normally encoded in cpDNA have been preferentially lost in Astasia, but that the chloroplast genes coding for components of the plastid translational apparatus have been maintained. This apparatus might be needed for the expression of rbcL and also for that of still unidentified nonphotosynthetic genes of Astasia ptDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gockel
- Botanisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gockel
- Botanisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Germany
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Baier S, Gottschalk G, Kerkau T, Luhmann T, Martins M, Richter M, Snell G, Zimmermann P. Electron-ion coincidence spectroscopy on atomic barium in the excitation range of the 4d giant resonance. Phys Rev Lett 1994; 72:2847-2850. [PMID: 10056000 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.72.2847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Pahler M, Lorenz C, Raven E, Rüder J, Sonntag B, Baier S, Müller BR, Schulze M, Staiger H, Zimmermann P, Kabachnik NM. Angle-dependent photoelectron spectroscopy of laser-aligned atoms: Li. Phys Rev Lett 1992; 68:2285-2288. [PMID: 10045356 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.68.2285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Calancie B, Klose KJ, Baier S, Green BA. Isoflurane-induced attenuation of motor evoked potentials caused by electrical motor cortex stimulation during surgery. J Neurosurg 1991; 74:897-904. [PMID: 2033449 DOI: 10.3171/jns.1991.74.6.0897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of spinal motor conduction during surgical procedures may not be reflected by changes in somatosensory evoked potential waveforms. A method of monitoring that allows direct and continuous assessment of motor function within the central nervous system during surgery would be useful. This paper describes one such method utilizing noninvasive electric cortical stimulation to evoke muscle activity (the motor evoked potential, or MEP) during surgery. The effect of isoflurane (superimposed on a baseline of N2O/narcotic anesthesia) on MEP's in response to cortical stimulation is specifically examined. Eight patients undergoing elective neurosurgical operations were included in the study. All patients received a background of general anesthesia and partial nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockade. The motor cortex was stimulated electrically via self-adhesive scalp electrodes. Electromyographic responses from multiple muscles were measured with subdermal electroencephalograph-type needle electrodes. Motor responses to stimulation were continually recorded on magnetic tape for off-line analysis. Once closing of the surgical incision was begun, a series of four to five stimuli of constant magnitude were applied to obtain "baseline" MEP responses. Patients were then ventilated with isoflurane for up to 8 minutes, during which time stimuli were continued every 15 to 20 seconds. Comparison was made of MEP responses for trials before, 1 minute after, and 5 minutes after the addition of isoflurane. All patients demonstrated reproducible motor responses to cortical stimulation during surgery. Addition of isoflurane [isoflurane)exp, less than or equal to 0.5%) to pre-existing anesthesia caused marked attenuation of MEP amplitudes in all patients within 5 minutes of its application, without affecting neuromuscular transmission as judged by direct peripheral nerve stimulation. It is concluded that: 1) monitoring motor system integrity and function with electric transcranial cortical stimulation during surgery is feasible when utilizing an N2O/narcotic anesthetic protocol; and 2) the quality of data obtained will likely suffer with the addition of isoflurane.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Calancie
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Florida
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Baier S. Patient perspective. J Health Care Inter Des (1989) 1988; 1:13-7. [PMID: 10313800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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