1
|
Synthesis and Characterization of Nickel Oxide (NiO) Nanoparticles Using an Environmentally Friendly Method, and their Biomedical Applications. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
2
|
Lettner T, Gyger S, Zeuner KD, Schweickert L, Steinhauer S, Reuterskiöld Hedlund C, Stroj S, Rastelli A, Hammar M, Trotta R, Jöns KD, Zwiller V. Strain-Controlled Quantum Dot Fine Structure for Entangled Photon Generation at 1550 nm. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:10501-10506. [PMID: 34894699 PMCID: PMC8704189 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Entangled photon generation at 1550 nm in the telecom C-band is of critical importance as it enables the realization of quantum communication protocols over long distance using deployed telecommunication infrastructure. InAs epitaxial quantum dots have recently enabled on-demand generation of entangled photons in this wavelength range. However, time-dependent state evolution, caused by the fine-structure splitting, currently limits the fidelity to a specific entangled state. Here, we show fine-structure suppression for InAs quantum dots using micromachined piezoelectric actuators and demonstrate generation of highly entangled photons at 1550 nm. At the lowest fine-structure setting, we obtain a maximum fidelity of 90.0 ± 2.7% (concurrence of 87.5 ± 3.1%). The concurrence remains high also for moderate (weak) temporal filtering, with values close to 80% (50%), corresponding to 30% (80%) of collected photons, respectively. The presented fine-structure control opens the way for exploiting entangled photons from quantum dots in fiber-based quantum communication protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lettner
- Department
of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, Albanova University
Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Samuel Gyger
- Department
of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, Albanova University
Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katharina D. Zeuner
- Department
of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, Albanova University
Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lucas Schweickert
- Department
of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, Albanova University
Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephan Steinhauer
- Department
of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, Albanova University
Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carl Reuterskiöld Hedlund
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, Electrum
229, 164 40 Kista, Sweden
| | - Sandra Stroj
- Research
Center for Microtechnology, Vorarlberg University
of Applied Sciences, Campus V, Hochschulstrasse 1, 6850 Dornbirn, Austria
| | - Armando Rastelli
- Institute
of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Mattias Hammar
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, Electrum
229, 164 40 Kista, Sweden
| | - Rinaldo Trotta
- Department
of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Klaus D. Jöns
- Department
of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, Albanova University
Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Val Zwiller
- Department
of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, Albanova University
Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Salomone M, Re Fiorentin M, Cicero G, Risplendi F. Point Defects in Two-Dimensional Indium Selenide as Tunable Single-Photon Sources. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:10947-10952. [PMID: 34735143 PMCID: PMC8607502 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the past few years remarkable interest has been kindled by the development of nonclassical light sources and, in particular, of single-photon emitters (SPE), which represent fundamental building blocks for optical quantum technology. In this Letter, we analyze the stability and electronic properties of an InSe monolayer with point defects with the aim of demonstrating its applicability as an SPE. The presence of deep defect states within the InSe band gap is verified when considering substitutional defects with atoms belonging to group IV, V, and VI. In particular, the optical properties of Ge as substitution impurity of Se predicted by solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation on top of the GW corrected electronic states show that transitions between the valence band maximum and the defect state are responsible for the absorption and spontaneous emission processes, so that the latter results in a strongly peaked spectrum in the near-infrared. These properties, together with a high localization of the involved electronic states, appear encouraging in the quest for novel SPE materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Salomone
- Dipartimento
di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico
di Torino, corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Michele Re Fiorentin
- Center
for Sustainable Future Technologies, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, via Livorno 60, 10144 Torino, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Cicero
- Dipartimento
di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico
di Torino, corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Risplendi
- Dipartimento
di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico
di Torino, corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zeuner KD, Jöns KD, Schweickert L, Reuterskiöld Hedlund C, Nuñez Lobato C, Lettner T, Wang K, Gyger S, Schöll E, Steinhauer S, Hammar M, Zwiller V. On-Demand Generation of Entangled Photon Pairs in the Telecom C-Band with InAs Quantum Dots. ACS PHOTONICS 2021; 8:2337-2344. [PMID: 34476289 PMCID: PMC8377713 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.1c00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Entangled photons are an integral part in quantum optics experiments and a key resource in quantum imaging, quantum communication, and photonic quantum information processing. Making this resource available on-demand has been an ongoing scientific challenge with enormous progress in recent years. Of particular interest is the potential to transmit quantum information over long distances, making photons the only reliable flying qubit. Entangled photons at the telecom C-band could be directly launched into single-mode optical fibers, enabling worldwide quantum communication via existing telecommunication infrastructure. However, the on-demand generation of entangled photons at this desired wavelength window has been elusive. Here, we show a photon pair generation efficiency of 69.9 ± 3.6% in the telecom C-band by an InAs/GaAs semiconductor quantum dot on a metamorphic buffer layer. Using a robust phonon-assisted two-photon excitation scheme we measure a maximum concurrence of 91.4 ± 3.8% and a peak fidelity to the Φ+ state of 95.2 ± 1.1%, verifying on-demand generation of strongly entangled photon pairs and marking an important milestone for interfacing quantum light sources with our classical fiber networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina D. Zeuner
- Department
of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology,
Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klaus D. Jöns
- Department
of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology,
Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lucas Schweickert
- Department
of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology,
Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carl Reuterskiöld Hedlund
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Royal Institute
of Technology, Electrum 229, 164 40 Kista, Sweden
| | - Carlos Nuñez Lobato
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Royal Institute
of Technology, Electrum 229, 164 40 Kista, Sweden
| | - Thomas Lettner
- Department
of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology,
Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kai Wang
- Department
of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology,
Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Samuel Gyger
- Department
of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology,
Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Schöll
- Department
of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology,
Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephan Steinhauer
- Department
of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology,
Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Hammar
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Royal Institute
of Technology, Electrum 229, 164 40 Kista, Sweden
| | - Val Zwiller
- Department
of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology,
Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
García de Arquer FP, Talapin DV, Klimov VI, Arakawa Y, Bayer M, Sargent EH. Semiconductor quantum dots: Technological progress and future challenges. Science 2021; 373:373/6555/eaaz8541. [PMID: 34353926 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz8541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In quantum-confined semiconductor nanostructures, electrons exhibit distinctive behavior compared with that in bulk solids. This enables the design of materials with tunable chemical, physical, electrical, and optical properties. Zero-dimensional semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) offer strong light absorption and bright narrowband emission across the visible and infrared wavelengths and have been engineered to exhibit optical gain and lasing. These properties are of interest for imaging, solar energy harvesting, displays, and communications. Here, we offer an overview of advances in the synthesis and understanding of QD nanomaterials, with a focus on colloidal QDs, and discuss their prospects in technologies such as displays and lighting, lasers, sensing, electronics, solar energy conversion, photocatalysis, and quantum information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Pelayo García de Arquer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada.,ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08860, Spain
| | - Dmitri V Talapin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Victor I Klimov
- Chemistry Division, C-PCS, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | | | - Manfred Bayer
- Technische Universitat Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Okamoto F, Endo M, Matsuyama M, Ishizuka Y, Liu Y, Sakakibara R, Hashimoto Y, Yoshikawa JI, van Loock P, Furusawa A. Phase Locking between Two All-Optical Quantum Memories. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:260508. [PMID: 33449716 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.260508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Optical approaches to quantum computation require the creation of multimode photonic quantum states in a controlled fashion. Here we experimentally demonstrate phase locking of two all-optical quantum memories, based on a concatenated cavity system with phase reference beams, for the time-controlled release of two-mode entangled single-photon states. The release time for each mode can be independently determined. The generated states are characterized by two-mode optical homodyne tomography. Entanglement and nonclassicality are preserved for release-time differences up to 400 ns, confirmed by logarithmic negativities and Wigner-function negativities, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumiya Okamoto
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Mamoru Endo
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Mikihisa Matsuyama
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yuya Ishizuka
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Rei Sakakibara
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yosuke Hashimoto
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Yoshikawa
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Peter van Loock
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Akira Furusawa
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Schöll E, Schweickert L, Hanschke L, Zeuner KD, Sbresny F, Lettner T, Trivedi R, Reindl M, Covre da Silva SF, Trotta R, Finley JJ, Vučković J, Müller K, Rastelli A, Zwiller V, Jöns KD. Crux of Using the Cascaded Emission of a Three-Level Quantum Ladder System to Generate Indistinguishable Photons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:233605. [PMID: 33337175 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.233605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the degree of indistinguishability of cascaded photons emitted from a three-level quantum ladder system; in our case the biexciton-exciton cascade of semiconductor quantum dots. For the three-level quantum ladder system we theoretically demonstrate that the indistinguishability is inherently limited for both emitted photons and determined by the ratio of the lifetimes of the excited and intermediate states. We experimentally confirm this finding by comparing the quantum interference visibility of noncascaded emission and cascaded emission from the same semiconductor quantum dot. Quantum optical simulations produce very good agreement with the measurements and allow us to explore a large parameter space. Based on our model, we propose photonic structures to optimize the lifetime ratio and overcome the limited indistinguishability of cascaded photon emission from a three-level quantum ladder system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Schöll
- Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lucas Schweickert
- Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lukas Hanschke
- Walter Schottky Institut and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Schellingstr. 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina D Zeuner
- Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Friedrich Sbresny
- Walter Schottky Institut and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Schellingstr. 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Lettner
- Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rahul Trivedi
- Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Marcus Reindl
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | | | - Rinaldo Trotta
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale A. Moro 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Jonathan J Finley
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Schellingstr. 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physik Department, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jelena Vučković
- Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Kai Müller
- Walter Schottky Institut and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Schellingstr. 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Armando Rastelli
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Val Zwiller
- Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klaus D Jöns
- Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
|
9
|
Rodt S, Reitzenstein S, Heindel T. Deterministically fabricated solid-state quantum-light sources. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:153003. [PMID: 31791035 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab5e15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The controlled generation of non-classical states of light is a challenging task at the heart of quantum optics. Aside from the mere spirit of science, the related research is strongly driven by applications in photonic quantum technologies, including the fields of quantum communication, quantum computation, and quantum metrology. In this context, the realization of integrated solid-state-based quantum-light sources is of particular interest, due to the prospects for scalability and device integration. This topical review focuses on solid-state quantum-light sources which are fabricated in a deterministic fashion. In this framework we cover quantum emitters represented by semiconductor quantum dots, colour centres in diamond, and defect-/strain-centres in two-dimensional materials. First, we introduce the topic of quantum-light sources and non-classical light generation for applications in photonic quantum technologies, motivating the need for the development of scalable device technologies to push the field towards real-world applications. In the second part, we summarize material systems hosting quantum emitters in the solid-state. The third part reviews deterministic fabrication techniques and comparatively discusses their advantages and disadvantages. The techniques are classified in bottom-up approaches, exploiting the site-controlled positioning of the quantum emitters themselves, and top-down approaches, allowing for the precise alignment of photonic microstructures to pre-selected quantum emitters. Special emphasis is put on the progress achieved in the development of in situ techniques, which significantly pushed the performance of quantum-light sources towards applications. Additionally, we discuss hybrid approaches, exploiting pick-and-place techniques or wafer-bonding. The fourth part presents state-of-the-art quantum-dot quantum-light sources based on the fabrication techniques presented in the previous sections, which feature engineered functionality and enhanced photon collection efficiency. The article closes by highlighting recent applications of deterministic solid-state-based quantum-light sources in the fields of quantum communication, quantum computing, and quantum metrology, and by discussing future perspectives in the field of solid-state quantum-light sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Rodt
- Institute of Solid-State Physics, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhao TM, Chen Y, Yu Y, Li Q, Davanco M, Liu J. Advanced technologies for quantum photonic devices based on epitaxial quantum dots. ADVANCED QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES 2020; 3:10.1002/qute.201900034. [PMID: 36452403 PMCID: PMC9706462 DOI: 10.1002/qute.201900034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Quantum photonic devices are candidates for realizing practical quantum computers and networks. The development of integrated quantum photonic devices can greatly benefit from the ability to incorporate different types of materials with complementary, superior optical or electrical properties on a single chip. Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) serve as a core element in the emerging modern photonic quantum technologies by allowing on-demand generation of single-photons and entangled photon pairs. During each excitation cycle, there is one and only one emitted photon or photon pair. QD photonic devices are on the verge of unfolding for advanced quantum technology applications. In this review, we focus on the latest significant progress of QD photonic devices. We first discuss advanced technologies in QD growth, with special attention to droplet epitaxy and site-controlled QDs. Then we overview the wavelength engineering of QDs via strain tuning and quantum frequency conversion techniques. We extend our discussion to advanced optical excitation techniques recently developed for achieving the desired emission properties of QDs. Finally, the advances in heterogeneous integration of active quantum light-emitting devices and passive integrated photonic circuits are reviewed, in the context of realizing scalable quantum information processing chips.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Ming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Marcelo Davanco
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Jin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Foster AP, Hallett D, Iorsh IV, Sheldon SJ, Godsland MR, Royall B, Clarke E, Shelykh IA, Fox AM, Skolnick MS, Itskevich IE, Wilson LR. Tunable Photon Statistics Exploiting the Fano Effect in a Waveguide. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:173603. [PMID: 31107076 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.173603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A strong optical nonlinearity arises when coherent light is scattered by a semiconductor quantum dot coupled to a nanophotonic waveguide. We exploit the Fano effect in such a waveguide to control the phase of the quantum interference underpinning the nonlinearity, experimentally demonstrating a tunable quantum optical filter which converts a coherent input state into either a bunched or an antibunched nonclassical output state. We show theoretically that the generation of nonclassical light is predicated on the formation of a two-photon bound state due to the interaction of the input coherent state with the quantum dot. Our model demonstrates that the tunable photon statistics arise from the dependence of the sign of two-photon interference (either constructive or destructive) on the detuning of the input relative to the Fano resonance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A P Foster
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - D Hallett
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - I V Iorsh
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - S J Sheldon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - M R Godsland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - B Royall
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - E Clarke
- EPSRC National Epitaxy Facility, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - I A Shelykh
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 3, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - A M Fox
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - M S Skolnick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - I E Itskevich
- Department of Engineering, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - L R Wilson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Schwartz M, Schmidt E, Rengstl U, Hornung F, Hepp S, Portalupi SL, Llin K, Jetter M, Siegel M, Michler P. Fully On-Chip Single-Photon Hanbury-Brown and Twiss Experiment on a Monolithic Semiconductor-Superconductor Platform. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:6892-6897. [PMID: 30339030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fully integrated quantum photonic circuits show a clear advantage in terms of stability and scalability compared to tabletop implementations. They will constitute a fundamental breakthrough in integrated quantum technologies, as a matter of example, in quantum simulation and quantum computation. Despite the fact that only a few building blocks are strictly necessary, their simultaneous realization is highly challenging. This is especially true for the simultaneous implementation of all three key components on the same chip: single-photon sources, photonic logic, and single-photon detectors. Here, we present a fully integrated Hanbury-Brown and Twiss setup on a micrometer-sized footprint consisting of a GaAs waveguide embedding quantum dots as single-photon sources, a waveguide beamsplitter, and two superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. This enables a second-order correlation measurement on the single-photon level under both continuous-wave and pulsed resonant excitation. The presented proof-of-principle experiment proves the simultaneous realization and operation of all three key building blocks and therefore a major step towards fully integrated quantum optical chips.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Schwartz
- Institut für Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzfiächen, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST) and SCoPE , University of Stuttgart , Allmandring 3 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Ekkehart Schmidt
- Institute of Micro- and Nanoelectronic Systems , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hertzstrasse 16 , 76187 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Ulrich Rengstl
- Institut für Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzfiächen, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST) and SCoPE , University of Stuttgart , Allmandring 3 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Florian Hornung
- Institut für Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzfiächen, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST) and SCoPE , University of Stuttgart , Allmandring 3 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Stefan Hepp
- Institut für Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzfiächen, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST) and SCoPE , University of Stuttgart , Allmandring 3 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Simone L Portalupi
- Institut für Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzfiächen, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST) and SCoPE , University of Stuttgart , Allmandring 3 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Konstantin Llin
- Institute of Micro- and Nanoelectronic Systems , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hertzstrasse 16 , 76187 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Michael Jetter
- Institut für Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzfiächen, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST) and SCoPE , University of Stuttgart , Allmandring 3 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Michael Siegel
- Institute of Micro- and Nanoelectronic Systems , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hertzstrasse 16 , 76187 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Peter Michler
- Institut für Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzfiächen, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST) and SCoPE , University of Stuttgart , Allmandring 3 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Haas J, Schwartz M, Rengstl U, Jetter M, Michler P, Mizaikoff B. Chem/bio sensing with non-classical light and integrated photonics. Analyst 2018; 143:593-605. [PMID: 29260151 DOI: 10.1039/c7an01011g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Modern quantum technology currently experiences extensive advances in applicability in communications, cryptography, computing, metrology and lithography. Harnessing this technology platform for chem/bio sensing scenarios is an appealing opportunity enabling ultra-sensitive detection schemes. This is further facilliated by the progress in fabrication, miniaturization and integration of visible and infrared quantum photonics. Especially, the combination of efficient single-photon sources together with waveguiding/sensing structures, serving as active optical transducer, as well as advanced detector materials is promising integrated quantum photonic chem/bio sensors. Besides the intrinsic molecular selectivity and non-destructive character of visible and infrared light based sensing schemes, chem/bio sensors taking advantage of non-classical light sources promise sensitivities beyond the standard quantum limit. In the present review, recent achievements towards on-chip chem/bio quantum photonic sensing platforms based on N00N states are discussed along with appropriate recognition chemistries, facilitating the detection of relevant (bio)analytes at ultra-trace concentration levels. After evaluating recent developments in this field, a perspective for a potentially promising sensor testbed is discussed for reaching integrated quantum sensing with two fiber-coupled GaAs chips together with semiconductor quantum dots serving as single-photon sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Haas
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li C, Song J, Xia Y, Ding W. Driving many distant atoms into high-fidelity steady state entanglement via Lyapunov control. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:951-962. [PMID: 29401983 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.000951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Based on Lyapunov control theory in closed and open systems, we propose a scheme to generate W state of many distant atoms in the cavity-fiber-cavity system. In the closed system, the W state is generated successfully even when the coupling strength between the cavity and fiber is extremely weak. In the presence of atomic spontaneous emission or cavity and fiber decay, the photon-measurement and quantum feedback approaches are proposed to improve the fidelity, which enable efficient generation of high-fidelity W state in the case of large dissipation. Furthermore, the time-optimal Lyapunov control is investigated to shorten the evolution time and improve the fidelity in open systems.
Collapse
|