1
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Wang J, Wu S, Yang W, Tian X. Strong anapole-plasmon coupling in dielectric-metallic hybrid nanostructures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:23429-23437. [PMID: 39221565 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp03142c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The nanoscale ampification of light-matter interactions exhibits profound potential in multiple scientific fields, such as physics, chemistry, surface science, materials science, and nanophotonics. Nonetheless, achieving robust optical mode coupling within cavities faces significant hurdles due to modal dispersion and weak optical field confinement. In this theoretical investigation, we demonstrate the viability of strong coupling between the anapole mode of a slotted silicon nanodisk and the plasmonic modes of an Ag nanodisk dimer at visible light frequencies. By introducing anapole modes, we successfully confine light to subwavelength volumes, suppressing radiative losses and achieving a remarkable Rabi splitting of 468 meV. This substantial coupling is facilitated by the large spatial overlap of intense optical fields. Capitalizing on this strong mode coupling, we generate novel hybrid energy states with significant electromagnetic field enhancement. Our study serves as a valuable blueprint for designing platforms based on strong anapole mode coupling at visible frequencies and paves the way for deeper explorations into nanoscale light-matter interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Wang
- School of Physics and Information Engineering, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030000, China.
| | - Suze Wu
- School of Physics and Information Engineering, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030000, China.
| | - Weimin Yang
- School of Electronic Information, Zhangzhou Institute of Technology, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Xiaojun Tian
- School of Physics and Information Engineering, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030000, China.
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2
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Jin R, Zhang X, Huo P, Cai Z, Lu Y, Xu T, Liu Y. Harnessing Enantioselective Optical Forces by Quasibound States in the Continuum. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:086901. [PMID: 39241716 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.086901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Enantioselective optical forces have garnered significant attention, because they provide a noninvasive means to separate chiral objects. A promising approach to enhance enantioselective optical forces is spatially overlapping and boosting electric and magnetic fields to create giant superchiral fields. Here, we utilize metasurfaces composed of asymmetric silicon dimers that support two distinct quasibound states in the continuum (quasi BICs). By precisely engineering these quasi BICs, we achieve nearly perfect spatial overlap of electric and magnetic fields near their anticrossing point, resulting in a remarkable 10^{4}-fold enhancement of the superchiral field. Consequently, the enantioselective optical force exerting on a single molecule exhibits a substantial increase, with magnitude up to pN/mW μm^{2}. Furthermore, by encircling the anticrossing point, we can switch the handedness of the superchiral field and the enantioselective optical force. Last, we analyze the dynamics of quasi-BIC-assisted chiral separation, highlighting its potential applications in chiral sensing and sorting, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and pharmacology.
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3
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Muhammad N, Su Z, Jiang Q, Wang Y, Huang L. Radiationless optical modes in metasurfaces: recent progress and applications. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:192. [PMID: 39152114 PMCID: PMC11329644 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01548-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Non-radiative optical modes attracted enormous attention in optics due to strong light confinement and giant Q-factor at its spectral position. The destructive interference of multipoles leads to zero net-radiation and strong field trapping. Such radiationless states disappear in the far-field, localize enhanced near-field and can be excited in nano-structures. On the other hand, the optical modes turn out to be completely confined due to no losses at discrete point in the radiation continuum, such states result in infinite Q-factor and lifetime. The radiationless states provide a suitable platform for enhanced light matter interaction, lasing, and boost nonlinear processes at the state regime. These modes are widely investigated in different material configurations for various applications in both linear and nonlinear metasurfaces which are briefly discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseer Muhammad
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China, Beijing, 100081, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhaoxian Su
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China, Beijing, 100081, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qiang Jiang
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China, Beijing, 100081, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yongtian Wang
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China, Beijing, 100081, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lingling Huang
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
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4
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Randerson SA, Zotev PG, Hu X, Knight AJ, Wang Y, Nagarkar S, Hensman D, Wang Y, Tartakovskii AI. High Q Hybrid Mie-Plasmonic Resonances in van der Waals Nanoantennas on Gold Substrate. ACS NANO 2024; 18:16208-16221. [PMID: 38869002 PMCID: PMC11210342 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Dielectric nanoresonators have been shown to circumvent the heavy optical losses associated with plasmonic devices; however, they suffer from less confined resonances. By constructing a hybrid system of both dielectric and metallic materials, one can retain low losses, while achieving stronger mode confinement. Here, we use a high refractive index multilayer transition-metal dichalcogenide WS2 exfoliated on gold to fabricate and optically characterize a hybrid nanoantenna-on-gold system. We experimentally observe a hybridization of Mie resonances, Fabry-Perot modes, and surface plasmon-polaritons launched from the nanoantennas into the substrate. We measure the experimental quality factors of hybridized Mie-plasmonic (MP) modes to be up to 33 times that of standard Mie resonances in the nanoantennas on silica. We then tune the nanoantenna geometries to observe signatures of a supercavity mode with a further increased Q factor of over 260 in experiment. We show that this quasi-bound state in the continuum results from strong coupling between a Mie resonance and Fabry-Perot-plasmonic mode in the vicinity of the higher-order anapole condition. We further simulate WS2 nanoantennas on gold with a 5 nm thick hBN spacer in between. By placing a dipole within this spacer, we calculate the overall light extraction enhancement of over 107, resulting from the strong, subwavelength confinement of the incident light, a Purcell factor of over 700, and high directivity of the emitted light of up to 50%. We thus show that multilayer TMDs can be used to realize simple-to-fabricate, hybrid dielectric-on-metal nanophotonic devices granting access to high-Q, strongly confined, MP resonances, along with a large enhancement for emitters in the TMD-gold gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam A. Randerson
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K.
| | - Panaiot G. Zotev
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K.
| | - Xuerong Hu
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K.
| | - Alexander J. Knight
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K.
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K.
| | - Sharada Nagarkar
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K.
| | - Dominic Hensman
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K.
| | - Yue Wang
- Department
of Physics, School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
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5
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Ding Q, Zhang R, Bao W, Xie P, Yue L, Shen S, Zhang H, Wang W. Tunable intrinsic strong light-matter coupling in transition metal dichalcogenide nanoresonators. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:3122-3125. [PMID: 38824343 DOI: 10.1364/ol.524391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Self-hybridizing structures based on transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are becoming promising candidates for the study of an intrinsic strong light-matter coupling because of the efficient mode overlap with much simplified geometries. However, realizing flexible tuning of intrinsic strong coupling in such TMDC-based structures is still challenging. Here, we propose a strategy for flexible tuning of the intrinsic strong light-matter coupling based on a bulk TMDC material. We report the first demonstration of the strong coupling of intrinsic excitons to whispering gallery modes (WGMs) supported by an all-TMDC nanocavity. Importantly, by simply controlling angles of incidence, a selective excitation of WGMs and an anapole can be realized, which enables a direct modulation of self-hybridized interactions from a bright WGM-exciton coupling to a dark anapole-exciton coupling. Our work is expected to provide unique opportunities for engineering a strong light-matter coupling and to open exciting avenues for highly integrated novel nanophotonic devices.
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6
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Ba Q, Xiao W, Zhu S, Chen JH, Chen H. Tailoring whispering-gallery fields in optical black hole cavities. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:18472-18479. [PMID: 38859001 DOI: 10.1364/oe.518752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The ability to confine light has great significance in both fundamental science and practical applications. Optical black hole (OBH) cavities show intriguing zero radiation loss and strong field confinement. In this work, we systematically explore the whispering gallery mode (WGM) in a group of generalized OBH cavities, featuring bound states and strong field confinement. The field confinement in generalized OBH cavities is revealed to be enhanced with the increase of index-modulation factors, resulting from the increase of a potential barrier. Furthermore, we reveal the anomalous external resonant modes, exhibiting fascinating field enhancement in the low-index region far beyond the cavity boundary. These anomalous WGMs are attributed to the potential bending effect and above-barrier resonance. Our work may shed light on tailoring WGM fields in gradient-index cavities and find potential applications in light coupling and optical sensing.
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7
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Barkey M, Büchner R, Wester A, Pritzl SD, Makarenko M, Wang Q, Weber T, Trauner D, Maier SA, Fratalocchi A, Lohmüller T, Tittl A. Pixelated High- Q Metasurfaces for in Situ Biospectroscopy and Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Classification of Lipid Membrane Photoswitching Dynamics. ACS NANO 2024; 18:11644-11654. [PMID: 38653474 PMCID: PMC11080459 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Nanophotonic devices excel at confining light into intense hot spots of electromagnetic near fields, creating exceptional opportunities for light-matter coupling and surface-enhanced sensing. Recently, all-dielectric metasurfaces with ultrasharp resonances enabled by photonic bound states in the continuum (BICs) have unlocked additional functionalities for surface-enhanced biospectroscopy by precisely targeting and reading out the molecular absorption signatures of diverse molecular systems. However, BIC-driven molecular spectroscopy has so far focused on end point measurements in dry conditions, neglecting the crucial interaction dynamics of biological systems. Here, we combine the advantages of pixelated all-dielectric metasurfaces with deep learning-enabled feature extraction and prediction to realize an integrated optofluidic platform for time-resolved in situ biospectroscopy. Our approach harnesses high-Q metasurfaces specifically designed for operation in a lossy aqueous environment together with advanced spectral sampling techniques to temporally resolve the dynamic behavior of photoswitchable lipid membranes. Enabled by a software convolutional neural network, we further demonstrate the real-time classification of the characteristic cis and trans membrane conformations with 98% accuracy. Our synergistic sensing platform incorporating metasurfaces, optofluidics, and deep learning reveals exciting possibilities for studying multimolecular biological systems, ranging from the behavior of transmembrane proteins to the dynamic processes associated with cellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Barkey
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano-Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität München, Königinstraße 10, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Rebecca Büchner
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano-Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität München, Königinstraße 10, 80539 München, Germany
- Nanophotonic
Systems Laboratory, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alwin Wester
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano-Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität München, Königinstraße 10, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Stefanie D. Pritzl
- Chair
for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Faculty
of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität
München, Königinstraße
10, 80539 München, Germany
- Department
of Physics and Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maksim Makarenko
- PRIMALIGHT,
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qizhou Wang
- PRIMALIGHT,
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas Weber
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano-Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität München, Königinstraße 10, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United
States
| | - Stefan A. Maier
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano-Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität München, Königinstraße 10, 80539 München, Germany
- School of
Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- The Blackett
Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial
College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Fratalocchi
- PRIMALIGHT,
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Theobald Lohmüller
- Chair
for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Faculty
of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität
München, Königinstraße
10, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Andreas Tittl
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano-Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität München, Königinstraße 10, 80539 München, Germany
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8
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Krasnov AI, Pankin PS, Romanenko GA, Sutormin VS, Maksimov DN, Vetrov SY, Timofeev IV. Photonic bound states in the continuum governed by heating. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:054703. [PMID: 38907448 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.054703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
A photonic crystal microcavity with the liquid crystal resonant layer tunable by heating has been implemented. The multiple vanishing resonant lines corresponding to optical bound states in the continuum are observed. The abrupt change in the resonant linewidth near the vanishing point can be used for temperature sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Krasnov
- Kirensky Institute of Physics, Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
- Institute of Engineering Physics and Radio Electronics, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - P S Pankin
- Kirensky Institute of Physics, Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
- Institute of Engineering Physics and Radio Electronics, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
- Qingdao Innovation and Development Center, Harbin Engineering University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - G A Romanenko
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, 197101, Russia
- Institute of Electronics and Telecommunications, Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint-Petersburg 195251, Russia
| | - V S Sutormin
- Kirensky Institute of Physics, Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
- Institute of Engineering Physics and Radio Electronics, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - D N Maksimov
- Kirensky Institute of Physics, Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
- Institute of Engineering Physics and Radio Electronics, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
- Qingdao Innovation and Development Center, Harbin Engineering University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - S Ya Vetrov
- Kirensky Institute of Physics, Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
- Institute of Engineering Physics and Radio Electronics, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - I V Timofeev
- Kirensky Institute of Physics, Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
- Institute of Engineering Physics and Radio Electronics, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
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9
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Zhang J, Dong B, Wang Y, Li M, Liu Y, Lu H, Yu K. Ultra-high Q resonances based on zero group-velocity modes accompanied by bound states in the continuum in 2D photonic crystal slabs. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:15065-15077. [PMID: 38859166 DOI: 10.1364/oe.522217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Optical resonators made of 2D photonic crystal (PhC) slabs provide efficient ways to manipulate light at the nanoscale through small group-velocity modes with low radiation losses. The resonant modes in periodic photonic lattices are predominantly limited by nonleaky guided modes at the boundary of the Brillouin zone below the light cone. Here, we propose a mechanism for ultra-high Q resonators based on the bound states in the continuum (BICs) above the light cone that have zero-group velocity (ZGV) at an arbitrary Bloch wavevector. By means of the mode expansion method, the construction and evolution of avoided crossings and Friedrich-Wintgen BICs are theoretically investigated at the same time. By tuning geometric parameters of the PhC slab, the coalescence of eigenfrequencies for a pair of BIC and ZGV modes is achieved, indicating that the waveguide modes are confined longitudinally by small group-velocity propagation and transversely by BICs. Using this mechanism, we engineer ultra-high Q nanoscale resonators that can significantly suppress the radiative losses, despite the operating frequencies above the light cone and the momenta at the generic k point. Our work suggests that the designed devices possess potential applications in low-threshold lasers and enhanced nonlinear effects.
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10
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Liu X, Fu G, Song S, Huang Y, Liu M, Liu G, Liu Z. Tunability-selective lithium niobate light modulators via high-Q resonant metasurface. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:1536-1539. [PMID: 38489444 DOI: 10.1364/ol.513631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we propose and demonstrate an efficient light modulator by intercalating the nonlinear thin film into the optical resonator cavities, which introduce the ultra-sharp resonances and simultaneously lead to the spatially overlapped optical field between the nonlinear material and the resonators. Differential field intensity distributions in the geometrical perturbation-assisted optical resonator make the high quality-factor resonant modes and strong field confinement. Multiple channel light modulation is achieved in such layered system, which enables the capability for tunability-selective modulation. The maximal modulation tunability is up to 1.968 nm/V, and the figure of merit (FOM) reaches 65.6 V-1, showing orders of magnitude larger than that of the previous state-of-the-art modulators. The electrical switch voltage is down to 0.015 V, the maximal switching ratio is 833%, and the extinction ratio is also up to 9.70 dB. These features confirm the realization of high-performance modulation and hold potential for applications in switches, communication and information, augmented and virtual reality, etc.
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11
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Vennberg F, Angelsten A, Anttu N, Ravishankar AP, Anand S. Wide angle anapole excitation in stacked resonators. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:4027-4035. [PMID: 38297611 DOI: 10.1364/oe.505539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
In the search for resonances with high localized field strengths in all-dielectric nanophotonics, novel states such as anapoles, hybrid anapoles and bound states in the continuum have been realized. Of these, the anapoles are the most readily achievable. Interaction between vertically stacked disks supporting anapole resonances increases the field localization further. When fabricated from materials with high non-linear coefficients, such stacked disk pillars can be used as non-linear antennas. The excitation of such 3D pillars often includes off normal incidence when using focusing optics. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the angular and polarization response of such pillars. In the paper we fabricate pillars with three AlGaAs disks in a stack separated by stems of GaAs. The angular and polarization responses are evaluated experimentally with integrating sphere measurements and numerically through simulation, multipole decomposition and quasi-normal modes. We find that the stacked geometry shows hybridized anapole excitation for a broad span of incidence angles, with tunability of the individual multipolar response up to octupoles, including an electric octupole anapole, and we show how the average enhanced confined energy varies under angled excitation. The results show that the vertical stacked geometry can be used with highly focusing optics for efficient in-coupling to the hybridized anapole.
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12
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Hoang TX, Leykam D, Kivshar Y. Photonic Flatband Resonances in Multiple Light Scattering. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:043803. [PMID: 38335352 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.043803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
We introduce the concept of photonic flatband resonances and demonstrate it for an array of high-index dielectric particles. We employ the multiple Mie scattering theory and demonstrate that both short- and long-range interactions between the resonators are crucial for the emerging collective resonances and their associated photonic flatbands. By examining both near- and far-field characteristics, we uncover how the flatbands emerge due to a fine tuning of resonators' radiation fields, and predict that hybridization of a flatband resonance with an electric hot spot can lead to giant values of the Purcell factor for the electric dipolar emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Xuan Hoang
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Republic of Singapore
| | - Daniel Leykam
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Yuri Kivshar
- Nonlinear Physics Center, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
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13
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Zhang C, Chen L, Lin Z, Song J, Wang D, Li M, Koksal O, Wang Z, Spektor G, Carlson D, Lezec HJ, Zhu W, Papp S, Agrawal A. Tantalum pentoxide: a new material platform for high-performance dielectric metasurface optics in the ultraviolet and visible region. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:23. [PMID: 38246925 PMCID: PMC10800353 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01330-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Dielectric metasurfaces, composed of planar arrays of subwavelength dielectric structures that collectively mimic the operation of conventional bulk optical elements, have revolutionized the field of optics by their potential in constructing high-efficiency and multi-functional optoelectronic systems on chip. The performance of a dielectric metasurface is largely determined by its constituent material, which is highly desired to have a high refractive index, low optical loss and wide bandgap, and at the same time, be fabrication friendly. Here, we present a new material platform based on tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5) for implementing high-performance dielectric metasurface optics over the ultraviolet and visible spectral region. This wide-bandgap dielectric, exhibiting a high refractive index exceeding 2.1 and negligible extinction coefficient across a broad spectrum, can be easily deposited over large areas with good quality using straightforward physical vapor deposition, and patterned into high-aspect-ratio subwavelength nanostructures through commonly-available fluorine-gas-based reactive ion etching. We implement a series of high-efficiency ultraviolet and visible metasurfaces with representative light-field modulation functionalities including polarization-independent high-numerical-aperture lensing, spin-selective hologram projection, and vivid structural color generation, and the devices exhibit operational efficiencies up to 80%. Our work overcomes limitations faced by scalability of commonly-employed metasurface dielectrics and their operation into the visible and ultraviolet spectral range, and provides a novel route towards realization of high-performance, robust and foundry-manufacturable metasurface optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information & Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.
| | - Lu Chen
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Zhelin Lin
- School of Optical and Electronic Information & Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Junyeob Song
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Danyan Wang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information & Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Moxin Li
- School of Optical and Electronic Information & Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Okan Koksal
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Zi Wang
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Grisha Spektor
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - David Carlson
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Henri J Lezec
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Wenqi Zhu
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Scott Papp
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Amit Agrawal
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
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14
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Isnard E, Héron S, Lanteri S, Elsawy M. Advancing wavefront shaping with resonant nonlocal metasurfaces: beyond the limitations of lookup tables. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1555. [PMID: 38238406 PMCID: PMC10796368 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51898-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Resonant metasurfaces are of paramount importance in addressing the growing demand for reduced thickness and complexity, while ensuring high optical efficiency. This becomes particularly crucial in overcoming fabrication challenges associated with high aspect ratio structures, thereby enabling seamless integration of metasurfaces with electronic components at an advanced level. However, traditional design approaches relying on lookup tables and local field approximations often fail to achieve optimal performance, especially for nonlocal resonant metasurfaces. In this study, we investigate the use of statistical learning optimization techniques for nonlocal resonant metasurfaces, with a specific emphasis on the role of near-field coupling in wavefront shaping beyond single unit cell simulations. Our study achieves significant advancements in the design theoretical conception of resonant metasurfaces. For transmission-based metasurfaces, a beam steering design outperforms the classical design by achieving an impressive efficiency of 80% compared to the previous 23%. Additionally, our optimized extended depth-of-focus (EDOF) metalens yields a remarkable five-fold increase in focal depth, a four-fold enhancement in focusing power compared to conventional designs and an optical resolution superior to 600 cycle/mm across the focus region. Moreover, our study demonstrates remarkable performance with a wavelength-selected beam steering metagrating in reflection, achieving exceptional efficiency surpassing 85%. This far outperforms classical gradient phase distribution approaches, emphasizing the immense potential for groundbreaking applications in the field of resonant metasurfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Isnard
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inria, CNRS, LJAD, 06902, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
- THALES Research and Technology, 1 Avenue Augustin Fresnel, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Sébastien Héron
- THALES Research and Technology, 1 Avenue Augustin Fresnel, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Stéphane Lanteri
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inria, CNRS, LJAD, 06902, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Mahmoud Elsawy
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inria, CNRS, LJAD, 06902, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.
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15
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Liu G, Zong S, Liu X, Chen J, Liu Z. High-performance etchless lithium niobate layer electro-optic modulator enabled by quasi-BICs. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:113-116. [PMID: 38134165 DOI: 10.1364/ol.505351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
A facile strategy is proposed for a high-performance electro-optic modulator with an etchless lithium niobate (LN) layer assisted by the silicon resonator metasurface, which pioneers the way to engineer an ultra-sharp spectral line shape via the excitation of quasi-bound states in the continuum (BICs). Meanwhile, strong out-of-plane electric/magnetic fields within the proximity area to the electro-optic layer lead to ultra-sensitive modulations. As a result, only a slight voltage change of 0.2 V is needed to fully shift the resonances and then realize switching modulation between the "off" and "on" states. The findings pave new, to the best of our knowledge, insights in reconfiguration of spatial optical fields and offer prospects for functional optoelectronic devices.
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16
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Hail CU, Foley M, Sokhoyan R, Michaeli L, Atwater HA. High quality factor metasurfaces for two-dimensional wavefront manipulation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8476. [PMID: 38123546 PMCID: PMC10733294 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44164-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The strong interaction of light with micro- and nanostructures plays a critical role in optical sensing, nonlinear optics, active optical devices, and quantum optics. However, for wavefront shaping, the required local control over light at a subwavelength scale limits this interaction, typically leading to low-quality-factor optical devices. Here, we demonstrate an avenue towards high-quality-factor wavefront shaping in two spatial dimensions based on all-dielectric higher-order Mie-resonant metasurfaces. We design and experimentally realize transmissive band stop filters, beam deflectors and high numerical aperture radial lenses with measured quality factors in the range of 202-1475 at near-infrared wavelengths. The excited optical mode and resulting wavefront control are both local, allowing versatile operation with finite apertures and oblique illumination. Our results represent an improvement in quality factor by nearly two orders of magnitude over previous localized mode designs, and provide a design approach for a new class of compact optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio U Hail
- Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Morgan Foley
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Ruzan Sokhoyan
- Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Lior Michaeli
- Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Harry A Atwater
- Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.
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17
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Li Z, Xie M, Nie G, Wang J, Huang L. Pushing Optical Virus Detection to a Single Particle through a High- Q Quasi-bound State in the Continuum in an All-dielectric Metasurface. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:10762-10768. [PMID: 38010952 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Bound states in the continuum (BICs) have emerged as a powerful platform for boosting light-matter interactions because they provide an alternative way of realizing optical resonances with ultrahigh quality factors, accompanied by extreme field confinement. In this work, we realized an optical biosensor by harnessing a quasi-BIC (qBIC) supported by an all-dielectric metasurface with broken symmetry, whose unit cell is composed of a silicon cuboid with two asymmetric air holes. Thanks to the excellent field confinement within the air gap of a metasurface enabled by such a high-Q qBIC, the figure of merit (FOM) of the biosensor is up to 2136.35 RIU-1. Futhermore, we demonstrated that such a high-Q metasurface can push the detection limit to a few virus particles. Our results may find exciting applications in extreme biochemical sensing like COVID-19 with ultralow concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonglin Li
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensors and New Sensor Materials, Xiangtan 411201, Hunan, China
| | - Mingxin Xie
- School of Microelectronics and Physics, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Guozheng Nie
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensors and New Sensor Materials, Xiangtan 411201, Hunan, China
- School of Microelectronics and Physics, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Junhui Wang
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, Hunan, China
| | - Lujun Huang
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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18
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Islam MS, Babicheva VE. Lattice Mie resonances and emissivity enhancement in mid-infrared iron pyrite metasurfaces. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:40380-40392. [PMID: 38041341 DOI: 10.1364/oe.505207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
High-refractive-index antennas with characteristic dimensions comparable to wavelength have a remarkable ability to support pronounces electric and magnetic dipole resonances. Furthermore, periodic arrangements of such resonant antennas result in narrow and strong lattice resonances facilitated by the lattice. We design iron pyrite antennas operating in the mid-infrared spectral range due to the material's low-energy bandgap and high refractive index. We utilize Kirchhoff's law, stating that emissivity and absorptance are equal to each other in equilibrium, and we apply it to improve the thermal properties of the iron pyrite metasurface. Through the excitation of collective resonances and manipulation of the antenna lattice's period, we demonstrate our capacity to control emissivity peaks. These peaks stem from the resonant excitation of electric and magnetic dipoles within proximity to the Rayleigh anomalies. In the lattice of truncated-cone antennas, we observe Rabi splitting of electric and magnetic dipole lattice resonances originating from the antennas' broken symmetry. We demonstrate that the truncated-cone antenna lattices support strong out-of-plane magnetic dipole lattice resonances at oblique incidence. We show that the truncated-cone antennas, as opposed to disks or cones, facilitate a particularly strong resonance and bound state in the continuum at the normal incidence. Our work demonstrates the effective manipulation of emissivity peaks in iron pyrite metasurfaces through controlled lattice resonances and antenna design, offering promising avenues for mid-infrared spectral engineering.
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19
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Nakanishi T. Storage and retrieval of electromagnetic waves in a metasurface based on bound states in the continuum by conductivity modulation. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:5891-5894. [PMID: 37966745 DOI: 10.1364/ol.501883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we develop a time-varying metasurface based on the bound states in the continuum (BIC) with variable conductors, to store electromagnetic waves. The storage and retrieval of electromagnetic waves are demonstrated numerically through dynamic switching between quasi-BIC and BIC states by modulating the variable conductors. The storage efficiency exhibits oscillatory behaviors with respect to the timing of storage and retrieval. These behaviors can be attributed to the interference of a resonant mode and a static mode that is formed by direct current. In addition, the storage efficiency of a single-layer metasurface can reach 35% under ideal conditions.
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20
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Lee S, Kim S. Perfect Absorption and Reflection Modulation Based on Asymmetric Slot-Assisted Gratings without Mirrors. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2922. [PMID: 37999276 PMCID: PMC10675763 DOI: 10.3390/nano13222922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
As a perfect graphene absorber without any external mirrors, we proposed asymmetric slot-assisted grating structures supporting two degenerate resonant modes of the guided-mode resonances (GMR) and the quasi-bound states in the continuum (quasi-BIC). The GMR mode functions as an internal mirror in conjunction with the background scattering, while the quasi-BIC, which is responsible for perfect graphene absorption, stems from the horizontal symmetry breaking by an asymmetric slot. By properly shifting the slot center from the grating center, the leakage rate of quasi-BIC can be controlled in such a way as to satisfy the critical coupling condition. We provide a comprehensive study on the coupling mechanism of two degenerate resonant modes for a one-port system mimicking the resonance. We also numerically demonstrated that our proposed grating structures show an excellent reflection-type modulation performance at optical wavelength ranges when doped double-layer graphene is applied. Due to the perfect absorption at the OFF state, a high modulation depth of ~50 dB can be achieved via a small Fermi level variation of ~0.05 eV. To obtain the lower insertion loss at the ON state, the higher Fermi level is required to decrease the graphene absorption coefficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangjun Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sangin Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Intelligence Semiconductor Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
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21
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Tian Y, Liu Q, Ma Y, Wang N, Gu Y. Dielectric resonances of the cylindrical micro/nano cavity within epsilon-near-zero materials. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:37789-37801. [PMID: 38017901 DOI: 10.1364/oe.504233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The dielectric resonances of spherically symmetric micro/nano cavity in zero-index materials have been systematically studied. However, the resonance properties of other shaped dielectric cavities in zero-index materials remain unclear. Here, we theoretically investigate the electromagnetic resonances of the dielectric cavity with cylindrical symmetry in the epsilon-near-zero materials. This kind of cavity supports a set of resonances with strong light confinement, including dipole, quadrupole and higher-order modes with multiple nodes. Furthermore, there is a redshift of the resonance wavelength with an increment of its size, obeying a law as the function of diameter and height. Also, we find that the redshift will be slower for higher-order modes. Through the infinite refractive index contrast and extra degree of freedom, they should have potential application in the enhancement of light-matter interaction and multiple-functional light manipulation in the integrated optical systems.
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22
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Buzin DS, Pankin PS, Maksimov DN, Romanenko GA, Sutormin VS, Nabol SV, Zelenov FV, Masyugin AN, Volochaev MN, Vetrov SY, Timofeev IV. Hybrid Tamm and quasi-BIC microcavity modes. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:16706-16714. [PMID: 37796019 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03241h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The microcavity in the form of a liquid crystal defect layer embedded in a one-dimensional photonic crystal is considered. The microcavity mode has a tunable radiation decay rate in the vicinity of a bound state in the continuum. It is demonstrated that coupling between the microcavity mode and a Tamm plasmon polariton results in hybrid Tamm-microcavity modes with a tunable Q factor. The measured spectral features of hybrid modes are explained in the framework of the temporal coupled mode theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Buzin
- Kirensky Institute of Physics, Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russia.
- Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, 660041 Russia
| | - P S Pankin
- Kirensky Institute of Physics, Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russia.
- Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, 660041 Russia
| | - D N Maksimov
- Kirensky Institute of Physics, Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russia.
- Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, 660041 Russia
| | - G A Romanenko
- Kirensky Institute of Physics, Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russia.
- Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russia
- Siberian State University of Science and Technology, Krasnoyarsk, 660037 Russia
| | - V S Sutormin
- Kirensky Institute of Physics, Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russia.
- Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, 660041 Russia
| | - S V Nabol
- Kirensky Institute of Physics, Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russia.
- Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, 660041 Russia
| | - F V Zelenov
- Siberian State University of Science and Technology, Krasnoyarsk, 660037 Russia
- AO NPP Radiosvyaz, Krasnoyarsk, 660021 Russia
| | - A N Masyugin
- Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, 660041 Russia
- Siberian State University of Science and Technology, Krasnoyarsk, 660037 Russia
- AO NPP Radiosvyaz, Krasnoyarsk, 660021 Russia
| | - M N Volochaev
- Kirensky Institute of Physics, Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russia.
| | - S Ya Vetrov
- Kirensky Institute of Physics, Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russia.
- Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, 660041 Russia
| | - I V Timofeev
- Kirensky Institute of Physics, Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russia.
- Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, 660041 Russia
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23
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So S, Mun J, Park J, Rho J. Revisiting the Design Strategies for Metasurfaces: Fundamental Physics, Optimization, and Beyond. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2206399. [PMID: 36153791 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, the capabilities of metasurfaces in light modulation with subwavelength thickness have been proven, and metasurfaces are expected to miniaturize conventional optical components and add various functionalities. Herein, various metasurface design strategies are reviewed thoroughly. First, the scalar diffraction theory is revisited to provide the basic principle of light propagation. Then, widely used design methods based on the unit-cell approach are discussed. The methods include a set of simplified steps, including the phase-map retrieval and meta-atom unit-cell design. Then, recently emerging metasurfaces that may not be accurately designed using unit-cell approach are introduced. Unconventional metasurfaces are examined where the conventional design methods fail and finally potential design methods for such metasurfaces are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunae So
- Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Mun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Park
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, Suwon, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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24
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Jiao R, Wang Q, Liu J, Shu F, Pan G, Jing X, Hong Z. High-Q Quasi-Bound States in the Continuum in Terahertz All-Silicon Metasurfaces. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1817. [PMID: 37893254 PMCID: PMC10609513 DOI: 10.3390/mi14101817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Bound states in the continuum (BIC)-based all-silicon metasurfaces have attracted widespread attention in recent years because of their high quality (Q) factors in terahertz (THz) frequencies. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate an all-silicon BIC metasurface consisting of an air-hole array on a Si substrate. BICs originated from low-order TE and TM guided mode resonances (GMRs) induced by (1,0) and (1,1) Rayleigh diffraction of metagratings, which were numerically investigated. The results indicate that the GMRs and their Q-factors are easily excited and manipulated by breaking the lattice symmetry through changes in the position or radius of the air-holes, while the resonance frequencies are less sensitive to these changes. The measured Q-factor of the GMRs is as high as 490. The high-Q metasurfaces have potential applications in THz modulators, biosensors, and other photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhi Hong
- Centre for THz Research, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (R.J.); (Q.W.); (J.L.); (F.S.); (G.P.); (X.J.)
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25
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Du XJ, Tang XT, Xie B, Ma L, Hu ML, He J, Yang ZJ. Turning whispering-gallery-mode responses through Fano interferences in coupled all-dielectric block-disk cavities. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:29380-29391. [PMID: 37710739 DOI: 10.1364/oe.500562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Here, we theoretically demonstrate a strategy for efficiently turning whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) responses of a subwavelength dielectric disk through their near-field couplings with common low-order electromagnetic resonances of a dielectric block. Both simulations and an analytical coupled oscillator model show that the couplings are Fano interferences between dark high-quality WGMs and bright modes of the block. The responses of a WGM in the coupled system are highly dependent on the strengths and the relative phases of the block modes, the coupling strength, and the decay rate of the WGM. The WGM responses of coupled systems can exceed that of the individual disk. In addition, such a configuration will also facilitate the excitation of WGMs by a normal incident plane wave in experiments. These results could enable new applications for enhancing light-matter interactions.
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26
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Canós Valero A, Shamkhi HK, Kupriianov AS, Weiss T, Pavlov AA, Redka D, Bobrovs V, Kivshar Y, Shalin AS. Superscattering emerging from the physics of bound states in the continuum. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4689. [PMID: 37542069 PMCID: PMC10403603 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40382-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We study the Mie-like scattering from an open subwavelength resonator made of a high-index dielectric material, when its parameters are tuned to the regime of interfering resonances. We uncover a novel mechanism of superscattering, closely linked to strong coupling of the resonant modes and described by the physics of bound states in the continuum (BICs). We demonstrate that the enhanced scattering occurs due to constructive interference described by the Friedrich-Wintgen mechanism of interfering resonances, allowing to push the scattering cross section of a multipole resonance beyond the currently established limit. We develop a general non-Hermitian model to describe interfering resonances of the quasi-normal modes, and study subwavelength dielectric nonspherical resonators exhibiting avoided crossing resonances associated with quasi-BIC states. We confirm our theoretical findings by a scattering experiment conducted in the microwave frequency range. Our results reveal a new strategy to boost scattering from non-Hermitian systems, suggesting important implications for metadevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrià Canós Valero
- Institute of Physics, University of Graz, and NAWI Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria.
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia.
| | - Hadi K Shamkhi
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | | | - Thomas Weiss
- Institute of Physics, University of Graz, and NAWI Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Dmitrii Redka
- Electrotechnical University LETI, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - Vjaceslavs Bobrovs
- Riga Technical University, Institute of Telecommunications, Riga, 1048, Latvia
| | - Yuri Kivshar
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Alexander S Shalin
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141700, Russia.
- MSU, Faculty of Physics, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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27
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Zeng D, Zong S, Liu G, Yuan W, Liu X, Chen J, Tang C, Liu Z. Near-perfect quantitatively tunable Q factors of quasi-bound states in the continuum via material-based thermal-optic perturbations. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:3981-3984. [PMID: 37527098 DOI: 10.1364/ol.496039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
We successfully achieved high-Q dual-band quasi-bound states in the continuum (BICs) by introducing geometrical perturbations and thermally induced material perturbations into silicon half-disk nanodimers. Importantly, it is found that the Q factor obtained from the thermally induced material perturbations fits better with the inverse quadratic function of the asymmetry relation than that of the geometrical-perturbations-based system. Notably, we demonstrated that changes occurring at the sub-K scale can enable the simultaneous realization of the full width at half maximum offset distance for quasi-BICs and a maximum contrast ratio exceeding 44 dB. Our research provides novel, to the best of our knowledge, insights for potential applications in nano-lasers, temperature sensors, and infrared imaging.
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28
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John-Herpin A, Tittl A, Kühner L, Richter F, Huang SH, Shvets G, Oh SH, Altug H. Metasurface-Enhanced Infrared Spectroscopy: An Abundance of Materials and Functionalities. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2110163. [PMID: 35638248 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Infrared spectroscopy provides unique information on the composition and dynamics of biochemical systems by resolving the characteristic absorption fingerprints of their constituent molecules. Based on this inherent chemical specificity and the capability for label-free, noninvasive, and real-time detection, infrared spectroscopy approaches have unlocked a plethora of breakthrough applications for fields ranging from environmental monitoring and defense to chemical analysis and medical diagnostics. Nanophotonics has played a crucial role for pushing the sensitivity limits of traditional far-field spectroscopy by using resonant nanostructures to focus the incident light into nanoscale hot-spots of the electromagnetic field, greatly enhancing light-matter interaction. Metasurfaces composed of regular arrangements of such resonators further increase the design space for tailoring this nanoscale light control both spectrally and spatially, which has established them as an invaluable toolkit for surface-enhanced spectroscopy. Starting from the fundamental concepts of metasurface-enhanced infrared spectroscopy, a broad palette of resonator geometries, materials, and arrangements for realizing highly sensitive metadevices is showcased, with a special focus on emerging systems such as phononic and 2D van der Waals materials, and integration with waveguides for lab-on-a-chip devices. Furthermore, advanced sensor functionalities of metasurface-based infrared spectroscopy, including multiresonance, tunability, dielectrophoresis, live cell sensing, and machine-learning-aided analysis are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelian John-Herpin
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Tittl
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Lucca Kühner
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Richter
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Steven H Huang
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Gennady Shvets
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Sang-Hyun Oh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Hatice Altug
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
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Chung T, Wang H, Cai H. Dielectric metasurfaces for next-generation optical biosensing: a comparison with plasmonic sensing. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:10.1088/1361-6528/ace117. [PMID: 37352839 PMCID: PMC10416613 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ace117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
In the past decades, nanophotonic biosensors have been extended from the extensively studied plasmonic platforms to dielectric metasurfaces. Instead of plasmonic resonance, dielectric metasurfaces are based on Mie resonance, and provide comparable sensitivity with superior resonance bandwidth, Q factor, and figure-of-merit. Although the plasmonic photothermal effect is beneficial in many biomedical applications, it is a fundamental limitation for biosensing. Dielectric metasurfaces solve the ohmic loss and heating problems, providing better repeatability, stability, and biocompatibility. We review the high-Q resonances based on various physical phenomena tailored by meta-atom geometric designs, and compare dielectric and plasmonic metasurfaces in refractometric, surface-enhanced, and chiral sensing for various biomedical and diagnostic applications. Departing from conventional spectral shift measurement using spectrometers, imaging-based and spectrometer-less biosensing are highlighted, including single-wavelength refractometric barcoding, surface-enhanced molecular fingerprinting, and integrated visual reporting. These unique modalities enabled by dielectric metasurfaces point to two important research directions. On the one hand, hyperspectral imaging provides massive information for smart data processing, which not only achieve better biomolecular sensing performance than conventional ensemble averaging, but also enable real-time monitoring of cellular or microbial behaviour in physiological conditions. On the other hand, a single metasurface can integrate both functions of sensing and optical output engineering, using single-wavelength or broadband light sources, which provides simple, fast, compact, and cost-effective solutions. Finally, we provide perspectives in future development on metasurface nanofabrication, functionalization, material, configuration, and integration, towards next-generation optical biosensing for ultra-sensitive, portable/wearable, lab-on-a-chip, point-of-care, multiplexed, and scalable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taerin Chung
- Tech4Health Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
| | - Hao Wang
- Tech4Health Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
| | - Haogang Cai
- Tech4Health Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, United States of America
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30
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Toftul I, Fedorovich G, Kislov D, Frizyuk K, Koshelev K, Kivshar Y, Petrov M. Nonlinearity-Induced Optical Torque. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:243802. [PMID: 37390434 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.243802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Optically induced mechanical torque driving rotation of small objects requires the presence of absorption or breaking cylindrical symmetry of a scatterer. A spherical nonabsorbing particle cannot rotate due to the conservation of the angular momentum of light upon scattering. Here, we suggest a novel physical mechanism for the angular momentum transfer to nonabsorbing particles via nonlinear light scattering. The breaking of symmetry occurs at the microscopic level manifested in nonlinear negative optical torque due to the excitation of resonant states at the harmonic frequency with higher projection of angular momentum. The proposed physical mechanism can be verified with resonant dielectric nanostructures, and we suggest some specific realizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Toftul
- Nonlinear Physics Center, Research School of Physics, Australia National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Gleb Fedorovich
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Denis Kislov
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Riga Technical University, Institute of Telecommunications, Riga 1048, Latvia
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia
| | - Kristina Frizyuk
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Kirill Koshelev
- Nonlinear Physics Center, Research School of Physics, Australia National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Yuri Kivshar
- Nonlinear Physics Center, Research School of Physics, Australia National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Mihail Petrov
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
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31
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Huang L, Jin R, Zhou C, Li G, Xu L, Overvig A, Deng F, Chen X, Lu W, Alù A, Miroshnichenko AE. Ultrahigh-Q guided mode resonances in an All-dielectric metasurface. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3433. [PMID: 37301939 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39227-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
High quality(Q) factor optical resonators are indispensable for many photonic devices. While very large Q-factors can be obtained theoretically in guided-mode settings, free-space implementations suffer from various limitations on the narrowest linewidth in real experiments. Here, we propose a simple strategy to enable ultrahigh-Q guided-mode resonances by introducing a patterned perturbation layer on top of a multilayer-waveguide system. We demonstrate that the associated Q-factors are inversely proportional to the perturbation squared while the resonant wavelength can be tuned through material or structural parameters. We experimentally demonstrate such high-Q resonances at telecom wavelengths by patterning a low-index layer on top of a 220 nm silicon on insulator substrate. The measurements show Q-factors up to 2.39 × 105, comparable to the largest Q-factor obtained by topological engineering, while the resonant wavelength is tuned by varying the lattice constant of the top perturbation layer. Our results hold great promise for exciting applications like sensors and filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujun Huang
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, Northcott Drive, ACT, 2600, Australia.
| | - Rong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 SubLane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai, 201315, China
| | - Chaobiao Zhou
- School of Physics and Mechatronic Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Guanhai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China.
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 SubLane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai, 201315, China.
| | - Lei Xu
- Advanced Optics and Photonics Laboratory, Department of Engineering, School of Science Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Adam Overvig
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Fu Deng
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, Northcott Drive, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Xiaoshuang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 SubLane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai, 201315, China
| | - Wei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 SubLane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai, 201315, China
| | - Andrea Alù
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA.
- Physics Program, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Andrey E Miroshnichenko
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, Northcott Drive, ACT, 2600, Australia.
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Nguyen DD, Lee S, Kim I. Recent Advances in Metaphotonic Biosensors. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:631. [PMID: 37366996 DOI: 10.3390/bios13060631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Metaphotonic devices, which enable light manipulation at a subwavelength scale and enhance light-matter interactions, have been emerging as a critical pillar in biosensing. Researchers have been attracted to metaphotonic biosensors, as they solve the limitations of the existing bioanalytical techniques, including the sensitivity, selectivity, and detection limit. Here, we briefly introduce types of metasurfaces utilized in various metaphotonic biomolecular sensing domains such as refractometry, surface-enhanced fluorescence, vibrational spectroscopy, and chiral sensing. Further, we list the prevalent working mechanisms of those metaphotonic bio-detection schemes. Furthermore, we summarize the recent progress in chip integration for metaphotonic biosensing to enable innovative point-of-care devices in healthcare. Finally, we discuss the impediments in metaphotonic biosensing, such as its cost effectiveness and treatment for intricate biospecimens, and present a prospect for potential directions for materializing these device strategies, significantly influencing clinical diagnostics in health and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dang Du Nguyen
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seho Lee
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Inki Kim
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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33
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An Y, Fu T, Guo C, Pei J, Ouyang Z. Superbound state in photonic bandgap and its application to generate complete tunable SBS-EIT, SBS-EIR and SBS-Fano. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:20572-20585. [PMID: 37381449 DOI: 10.1364/oe.487612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Bound states in continua (BICs) have high-quality factors that may approach infinity. However, the wide-band continua in BICs are noise to the bound states, limiting their applications. Therefore, this study designed fully controlled superbound state (SBS) modes in the bandgap with ultra-high-quality factors approaching infinity. The operating mechanism of the SBS is based on the interference of the fields of two phase-opposite dipole sources. Quasi-SBSs can be obtained by breaking the cavity symmetry. The SBSs can also be used to produce high-Q Fano resonance and electromagnetically-induced-reflection-like modes. The line shapes and the quality factor values of these modes could be controlled separately. Our findings provide useful guidelines for the design and manufacture of compact and high-performance sensors, nonlinear effects, and optical switches.
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34
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Pilozzi L, Missori M, Conti C. Observation of terahertz transition from Fano resonances to bound states in the continuum. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:2381-2384. [PMID: 37126301 DOI: 10.1364/ol.486226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Bound states in the continuum (BIC) in metamaterials have recently attracted attention for their promising applications in photonics. Here, we investigate the transition from Fano resonances to BIC, at terahertz (THz) frequencies, of a one-dimensional photonic crystal slab made of rectangular dielectric rods. Simulations performed by an analytical exact solution of the Maxwell equations showed that symmetry-protected, high-quality factor (Q), BIC emerge at normal incidence. For non-normal incidence, BIC couple with the freely propagating waves and appear in the scattering field as a Fano resonance. Simulations were verified by realizing the photonic crystal slab by 3D-printing technique. THz time-domain spectroscopy measurements as a function of the incidence angle matched the simulation to good accuracy and confirmed the evolution of Fano resonances to high-Q resonances typical of BIC. These results point out the design of highly sensitive and low-cost THz devices for sensing for a wide range of applications.
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35
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Zalogina A, Carletti L, Rudenko A, Moloney JV, Tripathi A, Lee HC, Shadrivov I, Park HG, Kivshar Y, Kruk SS. High-harmonic generation from a subwavelength dielectric resonator. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg2655. [PMID: 37126557 PMCID: PMC10132744 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg2655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Higher-order optical harmonics entered the realm of nanostructured solids being observed recently in optical gratings and metasurfaces with a subwavelength thickness. Structuring materials at the subwavelength scale allows us toresonantly enhance the efficiency of nonlinear processes and reduce the size of high-harmonic sources. We report the observation of up to a seventh harmonic generated from a single subwavelength resonator made of AlGaAs material. This process is enabled by careful engineering of the resonator geometry for supporting an optical mode associated with a quasi-bound state in the continuum in the mid-infrared spectral range at around λ = 3.7 μm pump wavelength. The resonator volume measures ~0.1 λ3. The resonant modes are excited with an azimuthally polarized tightly focused beam. We evaluate the contributions of perturbative and nonperturbative nonlinearities to the harmonic generation process. Our work proves the possibility to miniaturize solid-state sources of high harmonics to the subwavelength volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Zalogina
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Research School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | | | - Anton Rudenko
- Arizona Center for Mathematical Sciences and Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Jerome V Moloney
- Arizona Center for Mathematical Sciences and Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Aditya Tripathi
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Hoo-Cheol Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilya Shadrivov
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Hong-Gyu Park
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Kivshar
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Sergey S Kruk
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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36
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Tang H, Wang Y, Chen Y, Wang K, He X, Huang C, Xiao S, Yu S, Song Q. Ultrahigh-Q Lead Halide Perovskite Microlasers. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:3418-3425. [PMID: 37042745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskites have been promising platforms for micro- and nanolasers. However, the fragile nature of perovskites poses an extreme challenge to engineering a cavity boundary and achieving high-quality (Q) modes, severely hindering their practical applications. Here, we combine an etchless bound state in the continuum (BIC) and a chemically synthesized single-crystalline CsPbBr3 microplate to demonstrate on-chip integrated perovskite microlasers with ultrahigh Q factors. By pattering polymer microdisks on CsPbBr3 microplates, we show that record high-Q BIC modes can be formed by destructive interference between different in-plane radiation from whispering gallery modes. Consequently, a record high Q-factor of 1.04 × 105 was achieved in our experiment. The high repeatability and high controllability of such ultrahigh Q BIC microlasers have also been experimentally confirmed. This research provides a new paradigm for perovskite nanophotonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Tang
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yimu Chen
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Kaiyang Wang
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xianxiong He
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Can Huang
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Shumin Xiao
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- Pengcheng Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi P. R. China
| | - Shaohua Yu
- Pengcheng Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qinghai Song
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- Pengcheng Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi P. R. China
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Berté R, Weber T, de Souza Menezes L, Kühner L, Aigner A, Barkey M, Wendisch FJ, Kivshar Y, Tittl A, Maier SA. Permittivity-Asymmetric Quasi-Bound States in the Continuum. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:2651-2658. [PMID: 36946720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c05021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Breaking the in-plane geometric symmetry of dielectric metasurfaces allows us to access a set of electromagnetic states termed symmetry-protected quasi-bound states in the continuum (qBICs). Here we demonstrate that qBICs can also be accessed by a symmetry breaking in the permittivity of the comprising materials. While the physical size of atoms imposes a limit on the lowest achievable geometrical asymmetry, weak permittivity modulations due to carrier doping, and electro-optical Pockels and Kerr effects, usually considered insignificant, open the possibility of infinitesimal permittivity asymmetries for on-demand, dynamically tunable resonances of extremely high quality factors. As a proof-of-principle, we probe the excitation of permittivity-asymmetric qBICs (ε-qBICs) using a prototype Si/TiO2 metasurface, in which the asymmetry in the unit cell is provided by the permittivity contrast of the materials. ε-qBICs are also numerically demonstrated in 1D gratings, where quality-factor enhancement and tailored interference phenomena of qBICs are shown via the interplay of geometrical and permittivity asymmetries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Berté
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstrasse 10, München 80539, Germany
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Thomas Weber
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstrasse 10, München 80539, Germany
| | - Leonardo de Souza Menezes
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstrasse 10, München 80539, Germany
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco 50670-901Brazil
| | - Lucca Kühner
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstrasse 10, München 80539, Germany
| | - Andreas Aigner
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstrasse 10, München 80539, Germany
| | - Martin Barkey
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstrasse 10, München 80539, Germany
| | - Fedja Jan Wendisch
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstrasse 10, München 80539, Germany
| | - Yuri Kivshar
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Andreas Tittl
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstrasse 10, München 80539, Germany
| | - Stefan A Maier
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstrasse 10, München 80539, Germany
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Bosomtwi D, Babicheva VE. Beyond Conventional Sensing: Hybrid Plasmonic Metasurfaces and Bound States in the Continuum. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1261. [PMID: 37049354 PMCID: PMC10097206 DOI: 10.3390/nano13071261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Fano resonances result from the strong coupling and interference between a broad background state and a narrow, almost discrete state, leading to the emergence of asymmetric scattering spectral profiles. Under certain conditions, Fano resonances can experience a collapse of their width due to the destructive interference of strongly coupled modes, resulting in the formation of bound states in the continuum (BIC). In such cases, the modes are simultaneously localized in the nanostructure and coexist with radiating waves, leading to an increase in the quality factor, which is virtually unlimited. In this work, we report on the design of a layered hybrid plasmonic-dielectric metasurface that facilitates strong mode coupling and the formation of BIC, resulting in resonances with a high quality factor. We demonstrate the possibility of controlling Fano resonances and tuning Rabi splitting using the nanoantenna dimensions. We also experimentally demonstrate the generalized Kerker effect in a binary arrangement of silicon nanodisks, which allows for the tuning of the collective modes and creates new photonic functionalities and improved sensing capabilities. Our findings have promising implications for developing plasmonic sensors that leverage strong light-matter interactions in hybrid metasurfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Bosomtwi
- Center for High Technology Materials, University of New Mexico, 1313 Goddard St SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106-4343, USA
| | - Viktoriia E. Babicheva
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106-4343, USA
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Krasnov AI, Pankin PS, Buzin DS, Romanenko GA, Sutormin VS, Zelenov FV, Masyugin AN, Volochaev MN, Vetrov SY, Timofeev IV. Voltage-tunable Q factor in a photonic crystal microcavity. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:1666-1669. [PMID: 37221736 DOI: 10.1364/ol.479431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A photonic crystal microcavity with a tunable quality factor (Q factor) has been implemented on the basis of a bound state in the continuum using the advanced liquid crystal cell technology platform. It has been shown that the Q factor of the microcavity changes from 100 to 360 in the voltage range of 0.6 V.
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Fan H, Li J, Sun Y, Wang X, Wu T, Liu Y. Asymmetric Cross Metasurfaces with Multiple Resonances Governed by Bound States in the Continuum. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2227. [PMID: 36984105 PMCID: PMC10056157 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The bound state in the continuum (BIC) has paved a new way to achieve excellent localization of the resonant mode coexisting with a continuous spectrum in the metasurface. Here, we propose an all-dielectric metasurface consisting of periodic pairs of asymmetric crosses that supports multiple Fano resonances. Due to the sufficient degrees of freedom in the unit cell, we displaced the vertical bars horizontally to introduce in-plane perturbation, doubling the unit cell structure. Dimerization directly resulted in the folding of the Brillouin zone in k space and transformed the BIC modes into quasi-BIC resonances. Then, simultaneous in-plane symmetry breaking was introduced in both the x and y directions to excite two more resonances. The physical mechanisms of these BIC modes were investigated by multipole decomposition of the scattering cross section and electromagnetic near-field analysis, confirming that they are governed by toroidal dipole (TD) modes and magnetic dipole (MD) modes. We also investigated the flexible tunability and evaluated the sensing performance of our proposed metasurface. Our work is promising for different applications requiring stable and tunable resonances, such as optical switching and biomolecule sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Yuhang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Xueyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Tiesheng Wu
- College of Information and Communication Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yumin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
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Lei F, Ye Z, Twayana K, Gao Y, Girardi M, Helgason ÓB, Zhao P, Torres-Company V. Hyperparametric Oscillation via Bound States in the Continuum. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:093801. [PMID: 36930933 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.093801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Optical hyperparametric oscillation based on the third-order nonlinearity is one of the most significant mechanisms to generate coherent electromagnetic radiation and produce quantum states of light. Advances in dispersion-engineered high-Q microresonators allow for generating signal waves far from the pump and decrease the oscillation power threshold to submilliwatt levels. However, the pump-to-signal conversion efficiency and absolute signal power are low, fundamentally limited by parasitic mode competition and attainable cavity intrinsic Q to coupling Q ratio, i.e., Q_{i}/Q_{c}. Here, we use Friedrich-Wintgen bound states in the continuum (BICs) to overcome the physical challenges in an integrated microresonator-waveguide system. As a result, on-chip coherent hyperparametric oscillation is generated in BICs with unprecedented conversion efficiency and absolute signal power. This work not only opens a path to generate high-power and efficient continuous-wave electromagnetic radiation in Kerr nonlinear media but also enhances the understanding of a microresonator-waveguide system-an elementary unit of modern photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuchuan Lei
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Zhichao Ye
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Krishna Twayana
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marcello Girardi
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Óskar B Helgason
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ping Zhao
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Victor Torres-Company
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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42
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Kühner L, Sortino L, Tilmann B, Weber T, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Maier SA, Tittl A. High-Q Nanophotonics over the Full Visible Spectrum Enabled by Hexagonal Boron Nitride Metasurfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209688. [PMID: 36585851 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
All-dielectric optical metasurfaces with high quality (Q) factors have been hampered by the lack of simultaneously lossless and high-refractive-index materials over the full visible spectrum. In fact, the use of low-refractive-index materials is unavoidable for extending the spectral coverage due to the inverse correlation between the bandgap energy (and therefore the optical losses) and the refractive index (n). However, for Mie resonant photonics, smaller refractive indices are associated with reduced Q factors and low mode volume confinement. Here, symmetry-broken quasi bound states in the continuum (qBICs) are leveraged to efficiently suppress radiation losses from the low-index (n ≈ 2) van der Waals material hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), realizing metasurfaces with high-Q resonances over the complete visible spectrum. The rational use of low- and high-refractive-index materials as resonator components is analyzed and the insights are harnessed to experimentally demonstrate sharp qBIC resonances with Q factors above 300, spanning wavelengths between 400 and 1000 nm from a single hBN flake. Moreover, the enhanced electric near fields are utilized to demonstrate second-harmonic generation with enhancement factors above 102 . These results provide a theoretical and experimental framework for the implementation of low-refractive-index materials as photonic media for metaoptics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucca Kühner
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, and Center for NanoScience, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Luca Sortino
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, and Center for NanoScience, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Benjamin Tilmann
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, and Center for NanoScience, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Thomas Weber
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, and Center for NanoScience, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Stefan A Maier
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, and Center for NanoScience, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539, München, Germany
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Andreas Tittl
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, and Center for NanoScience, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539, München, Germany
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43
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Kalinic B, Cesca T, Balasa IG, Trevisani M, Jacassi A, Maier SA, Sapienza R, Mattei G. Quasi-BIC Modes in All-Dielectric Slotted Nanoantennas for Enhanced Er 3+ Emission. ACS PHOTONICS 2023; 10:534-543. [PMID: 36820324 PMCID: PMC9936627 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.2c01703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the quest for new and increasingly efficient photon sources, the engineering of the photonic environment at the subwavelength scale is fundamental for controlling the properties of quantum emitters. A high refractive index particle can be exploited to enhance the optical properties of nearby emitters without decreasing their quantum efficiency, but the relatively modest Q-factors (Q ∼ 5-10) limit the local density of optical states (LDOS) amplification achievable. On the other hand, ultrahigh Q-factors (up to Q ∼ 109) have been reported for quasi-BIC modes in all-dielectric nanostructures. In the present work, we demonstrate that the combination of quasi-BIC modes with high spectral confinement and nanogaps with spacial confinement in silicon slotted nanoantennas lead to a significant boosting of the electromagnetic LDOS in the optically active region of the nanoantenna array. We observe an enhancement of up to 3 orders of magnitude in the photoluminescence intensity and 2 orders of magnitude in the decay rate of the Er3+ emission at room temperature and telecom wavelengths. Moreover, the nanoantenna directivity is increased, proving that strong beaming effects can be obtained when the emitted radiation couples to the high Q-factor modes. Finally, via tuning the nanoanntenna aspect ratio, a selective control of the Er3+ electric and magnetic radiative transitions can be obtained, keeping the quantum efficiency almost unitary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Kalinic
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Padova, Via Marzolo 8, Padova, I-35131, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cesca
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Padova, Via Marzolo 8, Padova, I-35131, Italy
| | - Ionut Gabriel Balasa
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Padova, Via Marzolo 8, Padova, I-35131, Italy
| | - Mirko Trevisani
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Padova, Via Marzolo 8, Padova, I-35131, Italy
| | - Andrea Jacassi
- The
Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan A. Maier
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria3800, Australia
- The
Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, LondonSW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - Riccardo Sapienza
- The
Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni Mattei
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Padova, Via Marzolo 8, Padova, I-35131, Italy
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44
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Hasan MR, Hellesø OG. Metasurface supporting quasi-BIC for optical trapping and Raman-spectroscopy of biological nanoparticles. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:6782-6795. [PMID: 36823928 DOI: 10.1364/oe.473064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Optical trapping combined with Raman spectroscopy have opened new possibilities for analyzing biological nanoparticles. Conventional optical tweezers have proven successful for trapping of a single or a few particles. However, the method is slow and cannot be used for the smallest particles. Thus, it is not adapted to analyze a large number of nanoparticles, which is necessary to get statistically valid data. Here, we propose quasi-bound states in the continuum (quasi-BICs) in a silicon nitride (Si3N4) metasurface to trap smaller particles and many simultaneously. The quasi-BIC metasurface contains multiple zones with high field-enhancement ('hotspots') at a wavelength of 785 nm, where a single nanoparticle can be trapped at each hotspot. We numerically investigate the optical trapping of a type of biological nanoparticles, namely extracellular vesicles (EVs), and study how their presence influences the resonance behavior of the quasi-BIC. It is found that perturbation theory and a semi-analytical expression give good estimates for the resonance wavelength and minimum of the potential well, as a function of the particle radius. This wavelength is slightly shifted relative to the resonance of the metasurface without trapped particles. The simulations show that the Q-factor can be increased by using a thin metasurface. The thickness of the layer and the asymmetry of the unit cell can thus be used to get a high Q-factor. Our findings show the tight fabrication tolerances necessary to make the metasurface. If these can be overcome, the proposed metasurface can be used for a lab-on-a-chip for mass-analysis of biological nanoparticles.
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Wang X, Wang X, Ren Q, Cai H, Xin J, Lang Y, Xiao X, Lan Z, You JW, Sha WEI. Polarization multiplexing multichannel high-Q terahertz sensing system. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2023.1112346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Terahertz functional devices with high-Q factor play an important role in spectral sensing, security imaging, and wireless communication. The reported terahertz devices based on the electromagnetic induction transparency (EIT) effect cannot meet the needs of high-Q in practical applications due to the low-Q factor. Therefore, to increase the Q-factor of resonance, researchers introduced the concept of bound state in the continuum (BIC). In the quasi-BIC state, the metasurface can be excited by the incident wave and provide resonance with a high-Q factor because the condition that the resonant state of the BIC state is orthogonal is not satisfied. The split ring resonator (SRR) is one of the most representative artificial microstructures in the metasurface field, and it shows great potential in BIC. In this paper, based on the classical single-SRR array structure, we combine the large and small SRR and change the resonance mode of the inner and outer SRR by changing the outer radius of the inner SRR. The metasurface based on parameter-tuned BIC verified that the continuous modulation of parameters in a system could make a pair of resonant states strongly coupled, and the coherent cancellation of the resonant states will cause the linewidth of one of the resonant states to disappear, thus forming BIC. Compared with the single-SRR array metasurface based on symmetry-protected BIC, the dual-SRR array metasurface designed in this paper has multiple accidental BICs and realizes multichannel multiplexing of X-polarization and Y-polarization. It provides a brilliant platform for high-sensitivity optical sensor array, low threshold laser and efficient optical harmonic generation.
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46
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Liu X, Li J, Zhao R, Zhang Y, Dong Y. Enhanced chirality in a dielectric metasurface without breaking symmetry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:2050-2055. [PMID: 36546559 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04833g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We propose a dielectric metasurface constructed by quadrumer silicon nano-disks with crossed slots in the middle. This metasurface can support the excitation of bound states in the continuum which are closely related to the toroidal dipole resonance. After introducing chiral enantiomers with weak chirality into the surrounding medium, due to the bound states in the continuum, the chiroptical effect of the metasurface can be greatly enhanced. In particular, this metasurface breaks neither the in-plane nor out-plane symmetry, which has lower requirements of spatial processing capabilities. The proposed metasurface can be used in the trace analysis of chiral enantiomers and may lead to potential applications for tailored phase control and ultra-integrated molar chiral sensing metadevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingguang Liu
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China. .,Postdoctoral Research Station for Electronic Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Junqing Li
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Rui Zhao
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Yongkang Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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Hentschel M, Koshelev K, Sterl F, Both S, Karst J, Shamsafar L, Weiss T, Kivshar Y, Giessen H. Dielectric Mie voids: confining light in air. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:3. [PMID: 36587036 PMCID: PMC9805462 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-01015-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Manipulating light on the nanoscale has become a central challenge in metadevices, resonant surfaces, nanoscale optical sensors, and many more, and it is largely based on resonant light confinement in dispersive and lossy metals and dielectrics. Here, we experimentally implement a novel strategy for dielectric nanophotonics: Resonant subwavelength localized confinement of light in air. We demonstrate that voids created in high-index dielectric host materials support localized resonant modes with exceptional optical properties. Due to the confinement in air, the modes do not suffer from the loss and dispersion of the dielectric host medium. We experimentally realize these resonant Mie voids by focused ion beam milling into bulk silicon wafers and experimentally demonstrate resonant light confinement down to the UV spectral range at 265 nm (4.68 eV). Furthermore, we utilize the bright, intense, and naturalistic colours for nanoscale colour printing. Mie voids will thus push the operation of functional high-index metasurfaces into the blue and UV spectral range. The combination of resonant dielectric Mie voids with dielectric nanoparticles will more than double the parameter space for the future design of metasurfaces and other micro- and nanoscale optical elements. In particular, this extension will enable novel antenna and structure designs which benefit from the full access to the modal field inside the void as well as the nearly free choice of the high-index material for novel sensing and active manipulation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Hentschel
- 4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Kirill Koshelev
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Florian Sterl
- 4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Steffen Both
- 4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Julian Karst
- 4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lida Shamsafar
- 4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Thomas Weiss
- 4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Physics, University of Graz, and NAWI Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Yuri Kivshar
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Harald Giessen
- 4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
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48
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Gao Y, Xu L, Shen X. Q-factor mediated quasi-BIC resonances coupling in asymmetric dimer lattices. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:46680-46692. [PMID: 36558614 DOI: 10.1364/oe.475580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Resonance coupling in the regime of bound states in the continuum (BICs) provides an efficient method for engineering nanostructure's optical response with various lineshape while maintaining an ultra-narrow linewidth feature, where the quality factor of resonances plays a crucial role. Independent manipulation of the Q factors of BIC resonances enables full control of interaction behavior as well as both near- and far-field light engineering. In this paper, we harness reflection symmetry (RS) and translational symmetry (TS) protected BIC resonances supported in an asymmetric dimer lattice and investigate Q-factor-mediated resonance coupling behavior under controlled TS and RS perturbations. We focus on in-plane electrical dipole BIC (EDi-BIC) and magnetic dipole BIC (MD-BIC) which are protected by RS, and out-of-plane electrical dipole BIC (EDo-BIC) protected by TS. The coupling between EDi-BIC and EDo-BIC exhibits a resonance crossing behavior where the transmission spectrum at the crossing could be tuned flexibly, showing an electromagnetically induced transparency lineshape or satisfying the lattice Kerker condition with pure phase modulation capability depending on TS and RS perturbed Q factors. While the coupling between MD-BIC and EDo-BIC shows an avoided resonance crossing behavior, where the strongly coupled resonances would lead to the formation of a Friedrich-Wintgen BICs whose spectral position could also be shifted by tuning the Q factors. Our results suggest an intriguing platform to explore BIC resonance interactions with independent Q factor manipulation capability for realizing multi-functional meta-devices.
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49
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Geng J, Yan W, Shi L, Qiu M. Quasicylindrical Waves for Ordered Nanostructuring. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:9658-9663. [PMID: 36394454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Laser-induced self-organization of periodic nanostructures on highly absorbing materials is widely understood to be due to interference between laser and surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) that are excited by initial surface roughness. The structure order naturally emerges from the propagation phase of SPPs. Here, we reveal an unexplored mechanism that is predominantly induced by quasicylindrical waves (QCWs) with negligible contributions from SPPs. This mechanism features a new principle of order emergence in growth of periodic nanostructures through short-range electromagnetic interactions between QCWs and marginal nanofringes. In this scenario, the periodicity of nanostructures is not simply determined by the electromagnetic wavelength. With suppressed long-range interactions, the formation of nanostructures shows a domino-like growth process, thus significantly improving structure uniformity. An in situ microscopic observation is performed to characterize the temporal dynamics of structural growth and verify the new mechanism. Further, the QCWs are directly observed in experiments, which are theoretically supported by a scattering model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Geng
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Liping Shi
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Min Qiu
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
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50
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Luo M, Zhou Y, Zhao X, Li Y, Guo Z, Yang X, Zhang M, Wang Y, Wu X. Label-Free Bound-States-in-the-Continuum Biosensors. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1120. [PMID: 36551087 PMCID: PMC9775062 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Bound states in the continuum (BICs) have attracted considerable attentions for biological and chemical sensing due to their infinite quality (Q)-factors in theory. Such high-Q devices with enhanced light-matter interaction ability are very sensitive to the local refractive index changes, opening a new horizon for advanced biosensing. In this review, we focus on the latest developments of label-free optical biosensors governed by BICs. These BICs biosensors are summarized from the perspective of constituent materials (i.e., dielectric, metal, and hybrid) and structures (i.e., grating, metasurfaces, and photonic crystals). Finally, the current challenges are discussed and an outlook is also presented for BICs inspired biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yuxiang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhihe Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xi Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Laser Device Technology, China North Industries Group Corporation Limited, Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu 640041, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Laser Device Technology, China North Industries Group Corporation Limited, Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu 640041, China
| | - You Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Laser Device Technology, China North Industries Group Corporation Limited, Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu 640041, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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