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Tran S, Tran KC, Saenz Rodriguez A, Kong W. Kinetic energy distributions of atomic ions from disintegration of argon containing nanoclusters in moderately intense nanosecond laser fields: Coulomb explosion or hydrodynamic expansion. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:8631-8640. [PMID: 38436420 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05894h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
We report kinetic energies (KE) of multiply charged atomic ions (MCAI) from interactions of moderately intense nanosecond lasers at 532 nm with argon containing clusters, including neat and doped clusters with a trace amount of trichlorobenzene. We develop a mathematical method to retrieve speed and thereby kinetic energy information from analyzing the time-of-flight profiles of the MCAI. This method should be generally applicable in detections of energetic charged particles with high velocities, a realm where velocity map imaging is inadequate. From this analysis, we discover that the KE of MCAI from doped clusters demonstrates a quadratic dependence on the charge of the atomic ions, while for neat clusters, the dependence is cubic. This result confirms the nature of the cluster disintegration process to be dominated by Coulomb explosion. This result bears more similarity to reports from extreme vacuum ultraviolet (EUV) fields with similar intensities, than to reports from near infrared (NIR) intense laser fields. However, the charge state distribution from our experiment is the opposite: we observe more higher charge state ions than reported in EUV fields, and our charge state distribution is actually similar to those reported in NIR fields. We also report a significant effect of the external electric field on the charge state distribution of the atomic ions: the presence of an electric field can significantly increase the charge from the atomic ions, as shown by a three-fold reduction in the average kinetic energy per charge. Although molecular dynamics simulations have been implemented for experiments in the EUV and NIR, our results allude to the need of a concerted effort in this regime of moderately intense nanosecond laser fields. The significant decrease in charge state distribution and the significant increase in KE from doped clusters, compared with neat clusters, is a telltale sign that the true interaction time between the laser field and the cluster may be substantially shorter than the duration of the laser, a welcome relief for molecular dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA.
| | - Kim C Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA.
| | - Axel Saenz Rodriguez
- Department of Mathematics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA.
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Kelbg M, Zabel M, Krebs B, Kazak L, Meiwes-Broer KH, Tiggesbäumker J. Temporal Development of a Laser-Induced Helium Nanoplasma Measured through Auger Emission and Above-Threshold Ionization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:093202. [PMID: 32915628 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.093202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond pump-probe electron and ion spectroscopy is applied to study the development of a helium nanoplasma up to the nanosecond timescale. Electrons, bound by the deep confining mean-field potential, are elevated toward the vacuum level in the nanoplasma expansion. Subsequent electron recombination gives rise to transitions between He^{+} states, resulting in autoionization. The time-resolved analysis of the energy transfer to quasifree electrons reveals a transient depletion of the Auger emission, which allows for a temporal gate to map the distribution of delocalized electrons in the developing mean field. Furthermore, we trace the recombination of delocalized electrons near the vacuum level into highly excited Rydberg states. Transient above-threshold ionization is introduced as a diagnostic tool to resolve the dynamics. Thus, the development of the electron distribution in the nanoplasma mean-field potential can be monitored via the features observed in the emission spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kelbg
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Zabel
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - B Krebs
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - L Kazak
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - K-H Meiwes-Broer
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany and Department "Life, Light, and Matter," Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - J Tiggesbäumker
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany and Department "Life, Light, and Matter," Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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Abstract
We report experimental observations of Coulomb explosion using a nanosecond laser at 532 nm with intensities less than 1012 W/cm2. We observe multiply charged atomic ions Arn+ (1 ≤ n ≤ 7) and Cn+ (1 ≤ n ≤ 4) from argon clusters doped with molecules containing aromatic chromophores. The yield of Arn+ depends on the size of the cluster, the number density, and the photostability of the dopant. We propose that resonant absorption of ArN+ achieves a high degree of ionization, and the highly positively charged cluster has the capability to strip electrons from the evaporating Ar+ on the surface of the cluster prior to Coulomb explosion, forming Arn+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Oregon State University , Corvallis , Oregon 97331 , United States
| | - Yuzhong Yao
- Department of Chemistry , Oregon State University , Corvallis , Oregon 97331 , United States
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Chemistry , Oregon State University , Corvallis , Oregon 97331 , United States
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Kelbg M, Zabel M, Krebs B, Kazak L, Meiwes-Broer KH, Tiggesbäumker J. Auger emission from the Coulomb explosion of helium nanoplasmas. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:204302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5089943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Kelbg
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - M. Zabel
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - B. Krebs
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - L. Kazak
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - K.-H. Meiwes-Broer
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Department of Life, Light and Matter, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - J. Tiggesbäumker
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Department of Life, Light and Matter, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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Kelbg M, Heidenreich A, Kazak L, Zabel M, Krebs B, Meiwes-Broer KH, Tiggesbäumker J. Comparison of Electron and Ion Emission from Xenon Cluster-Induced Ignition of Helium Nanodroplets. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:8107-8113. [PMID: 30239204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b06673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The charging dynamics of helium droplets driven by embedded xenon cluster ignition in strong laser fields is studied by comparing the abundances of helium and highly charged Xe ions to the electron signal. Femtosecond pump-probe experiments show that near the optimal delay for highly charged xenon the electron yield increases, especially at low energies. The electron signature can be traced back to the ionization of the helium environment by Xe seed electrons. Accompanying molecular dynamics simulations suggest a two-step ionization scenario in the Xe-He core-shell system. In contrast to xenon, the experimental signal of the helium ions, as well as low-energy electron emission show a deviating delay dependence, indicating differences in the temporal and spacial development of the charge state distribution of Xe core and He surrounding. From the pump-probe dependence of the electron emission, effective temperatures can be extracted, indicating the nanoplasma decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kelbg
- Institute of Physics , University of Rostock , Rostock 18059 , Germany
| | - Andreas Heidenreich
- Kimika Fakultatea , Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , P.K. 1072, Donostia 20018 , Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , Bilbao 48013 , Spain
| | - Lev Kazak
- Institute of Physics , University of Rostock , Rostock 18059 , Germany
| | - Michael Zabel
- Institute of Physics , University of Rostock , Rostock 18059 , Germany
| | - Bennet Krebs
- Institute of Physics , University of Rostock , Rostock 18059 , Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Meiwes-Broer
- Institute of Physics , University of Rostock , Rostock 18059 , Germany.,Department Life, Light and Matter , University of Rostock , Rostock 18059 , Germany
| | - Josef Tiggesbäumker
- Institute of Physics , University of Rostock , Rostock 18059 , Germany.,Department Life, Light and Matter , University of Rostock , Rostock 18059 , Germany
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Schütte B, Peltz C, Austin DR, Strüber C, Ye P, Rouzée A, Vrakking MJJ, Golubev N, Kuleff AI, Fennel T, Marangos JP. Low-Energy Electron Emission in the Strong-Field Ionization of Rare Gas Clusters. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:063202. [PMID: 30141654 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.063202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Clusters and nanoparticles have been widely investigated to determine how plasmonic near fields influence the strong-field induced energetic electron emission from finite systems. We focus on the contrary, i.e., the slow electrons, and discuss a hitherto unidentified low-energy structure (LES) in the photoemission spectra of rare gas clusters in intense near-infrared laser pulses. For Ar and Kr clusters we find, besides field-driven fast electrons, a robust and nearly isotropic emission of electrons with <4 eV kinetic energies that dominates the total yield. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal a correlated few-body decay process involving quasifree electrons and multiply excited ions in the nonequilibrium nanoplasma that results in a dominant LES feature. Our results indicate that the LES emission occurs after significant nanoplasma expansion, and that it is a generic phenomenon in intense laser nanoparticle interactions, which is likely to influence the formation of highly charged ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Schütte
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Peltz
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 23, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Dane R Austin
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Strüber
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Peng Ye
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Arnaud Rouzée
- Max-Born-Institut, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Nikolay Golubev
- Theoretische Chemie, PCI, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander I Kuleff
- Theoretische Chemie, PCI, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- ELI-ALPS, Budapesti út 5, H-6728 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Thomas Fennel
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 23, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Max-Born-Institut, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jon P Marangos
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
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