1
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Braidotti MC, Vinante A, Cromb M, Sandakumar A, Faccio D, Ulbricht H. Amplification of electromagnetic fields by a rotating body. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5453. [PMID: 38937453 PMCID: PMC11211504 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49689-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
In 1971, Zel'dovich predicted the amplification of electromagnetic (EM) waves scattered by a rotating metallic cylinder, gaining mechanical rotational energy from the body. This phenomenon was believed to be unobservable with electromagnetic fields due to technological difficulties in meeting the condition of amplification that is, the cylinder must rotate faster than the frequency of the incoming radiation. Here, we measure the amplification of an electromagnetic field, generated by a toroid LC-circuit, scattered by an aluminium cylinder spinning in the toroid gap. We show that when the Zel'dovich condition is met, the resistance induced by the cylinder becomes negative implying amplification of the incoming EM fields. These results reveal the connection between the concept of induction generators and the physics of this fundamental physics effect and open new prospects towards testing the Zel'dovich mechanism in the quantum regime, as well as related quantum friction effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Braidotti
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Glasgow, UK
| | - A Vinante
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie - CNR and Fondazione Bruno Kessler, I-38123, Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - M Cromb
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK
| | - A Sandakumar
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK
| | - D Faccio
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, EH14 4AS, Edinburgh, UK
| | - H Ulbricht
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK.
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2
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Zielińska JA, van der Laan F, Norrman A, Reimann R, Frimmer M, Novotny L. Long-Axis Spinning of an Optically Levitated Particle: A Levitated Spinning Top. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:253601. [PMID: 38996235 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.253601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
An elongated object can be rotated around one of its short axes, like a propeller, or around its long axis, like a spinning top. Using optically levitated nanoparticles, short-axis rotation and libration have been systematically investigated in several recent studies. Notably, short-axis rotational degrees of freedom have been cooled to millikelvin temperatures and driven into gigahertz rotational speeds. However, controlled long-axis spinning has so far remained an unrealized goal. Here, we demonstrate controlled long-axis spinning of an optically levitated nanodumbbell with spinning rates exceeding 1 GHz. We show that the damping rate in high vacuum can be as low as a few millihertz. Our results open up applications in inertial torque sensing and studies of rotational quantum interference.
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3
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Zeng K, Xu X, Wu Y, Wu X, Xiao D. Optically levitated micro gyroscopes with an MHz rotational vaterite rotor. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:78. [PMID: 38894853 PMCID: PMC11183073 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-024-00726-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The field of levitated optomechanics has experienced significant advancements in manipulating the translational and rotational dynamics of optically levitated particles and exploring their sensing applications. The concept of using optically levitated particles as gyroscopes to measure angular motion has long been explored but has not yet been proven either theoretically or experimentally. In this study, we present the first rotor gyroscope based on optically levitated high-speed rotating particles. The gyroscope is composed of a micrometer-size ellipsoidal vaterite particle that is driven to rotate at MHz frequencies in a vacuum environment. When an external angular velocity is input, the optical axis deviates from its initial position, resulting in changes in the frequency and amplitude of the rotational signal. By analyzing these changes, the angular velocity of the input can be accurately detected, making it the smallest rotor gyroscope in the world. The angular rate bias instability of the gyroscope is measured to be 0.08°/s and can be further improved to as low as 10-9°/h theoretically by cooling the motion and increasing the angular moment of the levitated particle. Our work opens a new application paradigm for levitated optomechanical systems and may pave the way for the development of quantum rotor gyroscopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zeng
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073 China
| | - Xiangming Xu
- College of Information and Communication, National University of Defense Technology, Wuhan, 430000 China
| | - Yulie Wu
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073 China
| | - Xuezhong Wu
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073 China
- Key Laboratory of Satellite Navigation Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073 China
| | - Dingbang Xiao
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073 China
- Key Laboratory of Satellite Navigation Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073 China
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4
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Lai DG, Miranowicz A, Nori F. Nonreciprocal Topological Phonon Transfer Independent of Both Device Mass and Exceptional-Point Encircling Direction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:243602. [PMID: 38949332 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.243602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Imposing topological operations encircling an exceptional point (EP) engenders unconventional one-way topological phonon transfer (TPT), strictly depending on the direction of EP-inclusive control loops and inherently limited to the small-mass regime of practical resonators. We here show how to beat these limitations and predict a mass-free unidirectional TPT by combining topological operations with the Fizeau light-dragging effect, which splits countercirculating optical modes. An efficient TPT happens when light enters from one chosen side of the fiber but not from the other, leading to a unique nonreciprocal TPT, independent of the direction of winding around the EP. Unlike previous proposals naturally sensitive to both mass and quality of quantum devices, our approach is almost immune to these factors. Remarkably, its threshold duration of adiabatic control loops for maintaining an optimal TPT can be easily shortened, yielding a top-speed-tunable perfect TPT that has no counterpart in previous demonstrations. The study paves a quite-general route to exploiting profoundly different chiral topological effects, independent of both EP-encircling direction and device mass.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Franco Nori
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN Wakoshi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Center for Quantum Computing, RIKEN, Wakoshi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Physics Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-1040, USA
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5
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Jin Y, Shen K, Ju P, Gao X, Zu C, Grine AJ, Li T. Quantum control and Berry phase of electron spins in rotating levitated diamonds in high vacuum. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5063. [PMID: 38871708 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49175-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Levitated diamond particles in high vacuum with internal spin qubits have been proposed for exploring macroscopic quantum mechanics, quantum gravity, and precision measurements. The coupling between spins and particle rotation can be utilized to study quantum geometric phase, create gyroscopes and rotational matter-wave interferometers. However, previous efforts in levitated diamonds struggled with vacuum level or spin state readouts. To address these gaps, we fabricate an integrated surface ion trap with multiple stabilization electrodes. This facilitates on-chip levitation and, for the first time, optically detected magnetic resonance measurements of a nanodiamond levitated in high vacuum. The internal temperature of our levitated nanodiamond remains moderate at pressures below 10-5 Torr. We have driven a nanodiamond to rotate up to 20 MHz (1.2 × 109 rpm), surpassing typical nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center electron spin dephasing rates. Using these NV spins, we observe the effect of the Berry phase arising from particle rotation. In addition, we demonstrate quantum control of spins in a rotating nanodiamond. These results mark an important development in interfacing mechanical rotation with spin qubits, expanding our capacity to study quantum phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbin Jin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Kunhong Shen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Peng Ju
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Xingyu Gao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Chong Zu
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | | | - Tongcang Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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6
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Cui X, Mylnikov V, Johansson P, Käll M. Synchronization of optically self-assembled nanorotors. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn3485. [PMID: 38457509 PMCID: PMC10923511 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn3485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembly of nanoparticles by means of interparticle optical forces provides a compelling approach toward contact-free organization and manipulation of nanoscale entities. However, exploration of the rotational degrees of freedom in this process has remained limited, primarily because of the predominant focus on spherical nanoparticles, for which individual particle orientation cannot be determined. Here, we show that gold nanorods, which self-assemble in water under the influence of circularly polarized light, exhibit synchronized rotational motion at kilohertz frequencies. The synchronization is caused by strong optical interactions and occurs despite the presence of thermal diffusion. Our findings elucidate the intricate dynamics arising from the transfer of photon spin angular momentum to optically bound matter and hold promise for advancing the emerging field of light-driven nanomachinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximin Cui
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Vasilii Mylnikov
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Peter Johansson
- School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, 701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Mikael Käll
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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7
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Huang KW, Wang X, Qiu QY, Xiong H. Nonreciprocal magnon blockade via the Barnett effect. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:758-761. [PMID: 38300108 DOI: 10.1364/ol.512264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
We propose a scheme to achieve nonreciprocal magnon blockade via the Barnett effect in a magnon-based hybrid system. Due to the rotating yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere, the Barnett shift induced by the Barnett effect can be tuned from positive to negative via controlling magnetic field direction, leading to nonreciprocity. We show that a nonreciprocal unconventional magnon blockade (UMB) can emerge only from one magnetic field direction but not from the other side. Particularly, by further tuning system parameters, we simultaneously observe a nonreciprocal conventional magnon blockade (CMB) and a nonreciprocal UMB. This result achieves a switch between efficiency (UMB) and purity (CMB) of a single-magnon blockade. Interestingly, stronger UMB can be reached under stronger qubit-magnon coupling, even the strong coupling regime. Moreover, the nonreciprocity of the magnon blockade is sensitive to temperature. This work opens up a way for achieving quantum nonreciprocal magnetic devices and chiral magnon communications.
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8
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Kamba M, Shimizu R, Aikawa K. Nanoscale feedback control of six degrees of freedom of a near-sphere. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7943. [PMID: 38040746 PMCID: PMC10692201 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43745-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Manipulating the rotational as well as the translational degrees of freedom of rigid bodies has been a crucial ingredient in diverse areas, from optically controlled micro-robots, navigation, and precision measurements at macroscale to artificial and biological Brownian motors at nanoscale. Here, we demonstrate feedback cooling of all the angular motions of a near-spherical neutral nanoparticle with all the translational motions feedback-cooled to near the ground state. The occupation numbers of the three translational motions are 6 ± 1, 6 ± 1, and 0.69 ± 0.18. A tight, anisotropic optical confinement allows us to clearly observe three angular oscillations and to identify the ratio of two radii to the longest radius with a precision of 0.08 %. We develop a thermometry for three angular oscillations and realize feedback cooling of them to temperatures of lower than 0.03 K by electrically controlling the electric dipole moment of the nanoparticle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuyoshi Kamba
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, 152-8550, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoga Shimizu
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, 152-8550, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Aikawa
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, 152-8550, Tokyo, Japan.
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9
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Ju P, Jin Y, Shen K, Duan Y, Xu Z, Gao X, Ni X, Li T. Near-Field GHz Rotation and Sensing with an Optically Levitated Nanodumbbell. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:10157-10163. [PMID: 37909774 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
A levitated nonspherical nanoparticle in a vacuum is ideal for studying quantum rotations and is an ultrasensitive torque detector for probing fundamental particle-surface interactions. Here, we optically levitate a silica nanodumbbell in a vacuum at 430 nm away from a sapphire surface and drive it to rotate at GHz frequencies. The relative linear speed between the tip of the nanodumbbell and the surface reaches 1.4 km s-1 at a submicrometer separation. The rotating nanodumbbell near the surface demonstrates a torque sensitivity of (5.0 ± 1.1) × 10-26 N m Hz-1/2 at room temperature. Moreover, we probed the near-field laser intensity distribution beyond the optical diffraction limit with a nanodumbbell levitated near a nanograting. Our numerical simulations show that the system can measure the Casimir torque and will improve the detection limit of non-Newtonian gravity by several orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ju
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yuanbin Jin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Kunhong Shen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yao Duan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Zhujing Xu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Xingyu Gao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Xingjie Ni
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Tongcang Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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10
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Modin A, Ben Zion MY, Chaikin PM. Hydrodynamic spin-orbit coupling in asynchronous optically driven micro-rotors. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4114. [PMID: 37433767 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39582-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Vortical flows of rotating particles describe interactions ranging from molecular machines to atmospheric dynamics. Yet to date, direct observation of the hydrodynamic coupling between artificial micro-rotors has been restricted by the details of the chosen drive, either through synchronization (using external magnetic fields) or confinement (using optical tweezers). Here we present a new active system that illuminates the interplay of rotation and translation in free rotors. We develop a non-tweezing circularly polarized beam that simultaneously rotates hundreds of silica-coated birefringent colloids. The particles rotate asynchronously in the optical torque field while freely diffusing in the plane. We observe that neighboring particles orbit each other with an angular velocity that depends on their spins. We derive an analytical model in the Stokes limit for pairs of spheres that quantitatively explains the observed dynamics. We then find that the geometrical nature of the low Reynolds fluid flow results in a universal hydrodynamic spin-orbit coupling. Our findings are of significance for the understanding and development of far-from-equilibrium materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Modin
- Center for Soft Matter Research, Department of Physics, New York University, 726 Broadway Avenue, New York, NY, 10003, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Matan Yah Ben Zion
- Center for Soft Matter Research, Department of Physics, New York University, 726 Broadway Avenue, New York, NY, 10003, USA.
- School of Physics and Astronomy, and the Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel.
| | - Paul M Chaikin
- Center for Soft Matter Research, Department of Physics, New York University, 726 Broadway Avenue, New York, NY, 10003, USA
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11
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Zhou X, Liu S, Zhao D. Rigorous full-wave calculation of optical forces on microparticles immersed in vector Pearcey beams. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:20825-20835. [PMID: 37381197 DOI: 10.1364/oe.491720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
We present the electromagnetic fields of vector Pearcey beams by employing the vector angular spectrum representation. The beams maintain the inherent properties of autofocusing performance and inversion effect. Based on the generalized Lorenz-Mie theory and Maxwell stress tensor approach, we derive the partial-wave expansion coefficients of arbitrary beams with different polarization and the rigorous solution to evaluate the optical forces. Furthermore, we investigate the optical forces experienced by a microsphere placed in vector Pearcey beams. We study the effects on the longitudinal optical force arising from the particle size, permittivity and permeability. This exotic curved trajectory transport of particles by vector Pearcey beams may find applications in the case where the transport path is partly blocked.
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12
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Yuan N, He S, Li SY, Wang N, Zhu AD. Optical noise-resistant nonreciprocal phonon blockade in a spinning optomechanical resonator. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:20160-20173. [PMID: 37381416 DOI: 10.1364/oe.492209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
A scheme of nonreciprocal conventional phonon blockade (PB) is proposed in a spinning optomechanical resonator coupled with a two-level atom. The coherent coupling between the atom and breathing mode is mediated by the optical mode with a large detuning. Due to the Fizeau shift caused by the spinning resonator, the PB can be implemented in a nonreciprocal way. Specifically, when the spinning resonator is driven from one direction, the single-phonon (1PB) and two-phonon blockade (2PB) can be achieved by adjusting both the amplitude and frequency of the mechanical drive field, while phonon-induced tunneling (PIT) occurs when the spinning resonator is driven from the opposite direction. The PB effects are insensitive to cavity decay because of the adiabatic elimination of the optical mode, thus making the scheme more robust to the optical noise and still feasible even in a low-Q cavity. Our scheme provides a flexible method for engineering a unidirectional phonon source with external control, which is expected to be used as a chiral quantum device in quantum computing networks.
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13
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Zielińska JA, van der Laan F, Norrman A, Rimlinger M, Reimann R, Novotny L, Frimmer M. Controlling Optomechanical Libration with the Degree of Polarization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:203603. [PMID: 37267539 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.203603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Control of the potential energy and free evolution lie at the heart of levitodynamics as key requirements for sensing, wave function expansion, and mechanical squeezing protocols. Here, we experimentally demonstrate versatile control over the optical potential governing the libration motion of a levitated anisotropic nanoparticle. This control is achieved by introducing the degree of polarization as a new tool for rotational levitodynamics. We demonstrate thermally driven free rotation of a levitated anisotropic scatterer around its short axis and we use the rotational degrees of freedom to probe the local spin of a strongly focused laser beam.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Zielińska
- Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - F van der Laan
- Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A Norrman
- Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Center for Photonics Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - M Rimlinger
- Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - R Reimann
- Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Quantum Research Center, Technology Innovation Institute, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - L Novotny
- Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Frimmer
- Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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14
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Zeng K, Pu J, Xu X, Wu Y, Xiao D, Wu X. Gradient torque and its effect on rotational dynamics of optically trapped non-spherical particles in the elliptic Gaussian beam. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:16582-16592. [PMID: 37157734 DOI: 10.1364/oe.488217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Rotational motion of the optically trapped particle is a topic of enduring interest, while the changes of angular velocity in one rotation period remain largely unexplored. Here, we proposed the optical gradient torque in the elliptic Gaussian beam, and the instantaneous angular velocities of alignment and fluctuant rotation of the trapped non-spherical particles are investigated for the first time. The fluctuant rotations of optically trapped particles are observed, and the angular velocity fluctuated twice per rotation period, which can be used to determine the shape of trapped particles. Meanwhile, a compact optical wrench is invented based on the alignment, and its torque is adjustable and is larger than the torque of a linearly polarized wrench with the same power. These results provide a foundation for precisely modelling the rotational dynamics of optically trapped particles, and the presented wrench is expected to be a simple and practical micro-manipulating tool.
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15
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Hu Y, Kingsley-Smith JJ, Nikkhou M, Sabin JA, Rodríguez-Fortuño FJ, Xu X, Millen J. Structured transverse orbital angular momentum probed by a levitated optomechanical sensor. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2638. [PMID: 37149678 PMCID: PMC10164142 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38261-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The momentum carried by structured light fields exhibits a rich array of surprising features. In this work, we generate transverse orbital angular momentum (TOAM) in the interference field of two parallel and counter-propagating linearly-polarised focused beams, synthesising an array of identical handedness vortices carrying intrinsic TOAM. We explore this structured light field using an optomechanical sensor, consisting of an optically levitated silicon nanorod, whose rotation is a probe of the optical angular momentum, which generates an exceptionally large torque. This simple creation and direct observation of TOAM will have applications in studies of fundamental physics, the optical manipulation of matter and quantum optomechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Hu
- Department of Physics, King's College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, King's College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Jack J Kingsley-Smith
- Department of Physics, King's College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, King's College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Maryam Nikkhou
- Department of Physics, King's College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, King's College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - James A Sabin
- Department of Physics, King's College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, King's College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco J Rodríguez-Fortuño
- Department of Physics, King's College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, King's College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaohao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119, China.
| | - James Millen
- Department of Physics, King's College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom.
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, King's College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom.
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16
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Liu YM, Cheng J, Wang HF, Yi X. Nonreciprocal photon blockade in a spinning optomechanical system with nonreciprocal coupling. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:12847-12864. [PMID: 37157436 DOI: 10.1364/oe.486102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A scheme is presented to achieve quantum nonreciprocity by manipulating the statistical properties of the photons in a composite device consisting of a double-cavity optomechanical system with a spinning resonator and nonreciprocal coupling. It can be found that the photon blockade can emerge when the spinning device is driven from one side but not from the other side with the same driving amplitude. Under the weak driving limit, to achieve the perfect nonreciprocal photon blockade, two sets of optimal nonreciprocal coupling strengths are analytically obtained under different optical detunings based on the destructive quantum interference between different paths, which are in good agreement with the results obtained from numerical simulations. Moreover, the photon blockade exhibits thoroughly different behaviors as the nonreciprocal coupling is altered, and the perfect nonreciprocal photon blockade can be achieved even with weak nonlinear and linear couplings, which breaks the orthodox perception.
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17
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Deop-Ruano JR, Manjavacas A. Control of the Radiative Heat Transfer in a Pair of Rotating Nanostructures. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:133605. [PMID: 37067313 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.133605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The fluctuations of the electromagnetic field are at the origin of the near-field radiative heat transfer between nanostructures, as well as the Casimir forces and torques that they exert on each other. Here, working within the formalism of fluctuational electrodynamics, we investigate the simultaneous transfer of energy and angular momentum in a pair of rotating nanostructures. We demonstrate that, due to the rotation of the nanostructures, the radiative heat transfer between them can be increased, decreased, or even reversed with respect to the transfer that occurs in the absence of rotation, which is solely determined by the difference in the temperature of the nanostructures. This work unravels the unintuitive phenomena arising from the simultaneous transfer of energy and angular momentum in pairs of rotating nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan R Deop-Ruano
- Instituto de Óptica (IO-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Manjavacas
- Instituto de Óptica (IO-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, USA
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18
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Hameed N, Zeghdoudi T, Guichardaz B, Mezeghrane A, Suarez M, Courjal N, Bernal MP, Belkhir A, Baida FI. Stand-alone optical spinning tweezers with tunable rotation frequency. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:4379-4392. [PMID: 36785408 DOI: 10.1364/oe.480961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Advances in optical trapping design principles have led to tremendous progress in manipulating nanoparticles (NPs) with diverse functionalities in different environments using bulky systems. However, efficient control and manipulation of NPs in harsh environments require a careful design of contactless optical tweezers. Here, we propose a simple design of a fibered optical probe allowing the trapping of dielectric NP as well as a transfer of the angular momentum of light to the NP inducing its mechanical rotation. A polarization conversion from linearly-polarized incident guided to circularly transmitted beam is provoked geometrically by breaking the cylindrical symmetry of a coaxial nano-aperture that is engraved at the apex of a tapered metal coated optical fiber. Numerical simulations show that this simple geometry tip allows powerful light transmission together with efficient polarization conversion. This guarantees very stable trapping of quasi spherical NPs in a non-contact regime as well as potentially very tunable and reversible rotation frequencies in both directions (up to 45 Hz in water and 5.3 MHz in air for 10 mW injected power in the fiber). This type of fiber probe opens the way to a new generation of miniaturized tools for total manipulation (trapping, sorting, spinning) of NPs.
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19
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Kani A, Quijandría F, Twamley J. Magnonic Einstein-de Haas Effect: Ultrafast Rotation of Magnonic Microspheres. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:257201. [PMID: 36608253 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.257201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Magnons, collective spin excitations in magnetic crystals, have attracted much interest due to their ability to couple strongly to microwaves and other quantum systems. In compact magnetic crystals, we show that there are magnonic modes that can support orbital angular momentum and that these modes can be driven by linearly polarized microwave fields. Because of conservation of angular momentum, exciting such magnon modes induces a mechanical torque on the crystal. We study a levitated magnetic crystal, a yttrium iron garnet (YIG) microsphere, where such orbital angular momentum magnon modes are driven by microwaves held in a microwave high-Q microwave cavity. We find that the YIG sphere experiences a mechanical torque and can be spun up to ultralarge angular speeds exceeding 10 GHz.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kani
- Quantum Machines Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - F Quijandría
- Quantum Machines Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - J Twamley
- Quantum Machines Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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20
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Nan F, Li X, Zhang S, Ng J, Yan Z. Creating stable trapping force and switchable optical torque with tunable phase of light. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadd6664. [PMID: 36399578 PMCID: PMC9674277 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add6664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Light-induced rotation of microscopic objects is of general interest as the objects may serve as micromotors. Such rotation can be driven by the angular momentum of light or recoil forces arising from special light-matter interactions. However, in the absence of intensity gradient, simultaneously controlling the position and switching the rotation direction is challenging. Here, we report stable optical trapping and switchable optical rotation of nanoparticle (NP)-assembled micromotors with programmed phase of light. We imprint customized phase gradients into a circularly polarized flat-top (i.e., no intensity gradient) laser beam to trap and assemble metal NPs into reconfigurable clusters. Modulating the phase gradients allows direction-switchable and magnitude-tunable optical torque in the same cluster under fixed laser wavelength and handedness. This work provides a valuable method to achieve reversible optical torque in micro/nanomotors, and new insights for optical trapping and manipulation using the phase gradient of a spatially extended light field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Nan
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Shuailong Zhang
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jack Ng
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Zijie Yan
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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21
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Rohde CA, Charipar KM, Johns P, Porter AG, Greybush NJ, Fontana J. Active aerosols. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:42276-42282. [PMID: 36366684 DOI: 10.1364/oe.475978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We report the dynamics and control of the orientational and positional order of ensembles of gold nanorods suspended in air at standard temperature and pressure using externally applied electric fields, demonstrating an active aerosol. Light filter, valve and gradient responses are shown, establishing active aerosols as a unique type of optical element we term component-less optics.
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22
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Priel N, Fieguth A, Blakemore CP, Hough E, Kawasaki A, Martin D, Venugopalan G, Gratta G. Dipole moment background measurement and suppression for levitated charge sensors. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo2361. [PMID: 36240282 PMCID: PMC9565793 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo2361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Optically levitated macroscopic objects are a powerful tool in the field of force sensing, owing to high sensitivity, absolute force calibration, environmental isolation, and the advanced degree of control over their dynamics that have been achieved. However, limitations arise from the spurious forces caused by electrical polarization effects that, even for nominally neutral objects, affect the force sensing because of the interaction of dipole moments with gradients of external electric fields. Here, we introduce a technique to measure, model, and eliminate dipole moment interactions, limiting the performance of sensors using levitated objects. This process leads to a noise-limited measurement with a sensitivity of 3.3 × 10-5 e. As a demonstration, this is applied to the search for unknown charges of a magnitude much below that of an electron or for exceedingly small unbalances between electron and proton charges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadav Priel
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | | | - Emmett Hough
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Akio Kawasaki
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- W.W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Denzal Martin
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Giorgio Gratta
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- W.W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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23
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Winstone G, Wang Z, Klomp S, Felsted GR, Laeuger A, Gupta C, Grass D, Aggarwal N, Sprague J, Pauzauskie PJ, Larson SL, Kalogera V, Geraci AA. Optical Trapping of High-Aspect-Ratio NaYF Hexagonal Prisms for kHz-MHz Gravitational Wave Detectors. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:053604. [PMID: 35960566 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.053604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We present experimental results on optical trapping of Yb-doped β-NaYF subwavelength-thickness high-aspect-ratio hexagonal prisms with a micron-scale radius. The prisms are trapped in vacuum using an optical standing wave, with the normal vector to their face oriented along the beam propagation direction, yielding much higher trapping frequencies than those typically achieved with microspheres of similar mass. This platelike geometry simultaneously enables trapping with low photon-recoil-heating, high mass, and high trap frequency, potentially leading to advances in high frequency gravitational wave searches in the Levitated Sensor Detector, currently under construction. The material used here has previously been shown to exhibit internal cooling via laser refrigeration when optically trapped and illuminated with light of suitable wavelength. Employing such laser refrigeration methods in the context of our work may enable higher trapping intensity and thus higher trap frequencies for gravitational wave searches approaching the several hundred kilohertz range.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Winstone
- Center for Fundamental Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- Center for Fundamental Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Shelby Klomp
- Center for Fundamental Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Greg R Felsted
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Andrew Laeuger
- Center for Fundamental Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Chaman Gupta
- Department of Materials Science, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Daniel Grass
- Center for Fundamental Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Nancy Aggarwal
- Center for Fundamental Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Jacob Sprague
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Peter J Pauzauskie
- Department of Materials Science, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Physical Sciences Division, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Shane L Larson
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Vicky Kalogera
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Andrew A Geraci
- Center for Fundamental Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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24
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Ding H, Chen Z, Kollipara PS, Liu Y, Kim Y, Huang S, Zheng Y. Programmable Multimodal Optothermal Manipulation of Synthetic Particles and Biological Cells. ACS NANO 2022; 16:10878-10889. [PMID: 35816157 PMCID: PMC9901196 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Optical manipulation of tiny objects has benefited many research areas ranging from physics to biology to micro/nanorobotics. However, limited manipulation modes, intense lasers with complex optics, and applicability to limited materials and geometries of objects restrict the broader uses of conventional optical tweezers. Herein, we develop an optothermal platform that enables the versatile manipulation of synthetic micro/nanoparticles and live cells using an ultralow-power laser beam and a simple optical setup. Five working modes (i.e., printing, tweezing, rotating, rolling, and shooting) have been achieved and can be switched on demand through computer programming. By incorporating a feedback control system into the platform, we realize programmable multimodal control of micro/nanoparticles, enabling autonomous micro/nanorobots in complex environments. Moreover, we demonstrate in situ three-dimensional single-cell surface characterizations through the multimodal optothermal manipulation of live cells. This programmable multimodal optothermal platform will contribute to diverse fundamental studies and applications in cellular biology, nanotechnology, robotics, and photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongru Ding
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Zhihan Chen
- Materials Science & Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Pavana Siddhartha Kollipara
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yaoran Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Youngsun Kim
- Materials Science & Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Suichu Huang
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Materials Science & Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing of Ministry of Education and School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 Xidazhijie St., Harbin 15001, China
| | - Yuebing Zheng
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Materials Science & Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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25
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Yang Z, Cheng Y, Wang N, Chen Y, Wang S. Nonreciprocal light propagation induced by a subwavelength spinning cylinder. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:27993-28002. [PMID: 36236956 DOI: 10.1364/oe.462107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nonreciprocal optical devices have broad applications in light manipulations for communications and sensing. Non-magnetic mechanisms of optical nonreciprocity are highly desired for high-frequency on-chip applications. Here, we investigate the nonreciprocal properties of light propagation in a dielectric waveguide induced by a subwavelength spinning cylinder. We find that the chiral modes of the cylinder can give rise to unidirectional coupling with the waveguide via the transverse spin-orbit interaction, leading to different transmissions for guided wave propagating in opposite directions and thus optical isolation. We reveal the dependence of the nonreciprocal properties on various system parameters including mode order, spinning speed, coupling distance, and various losses. The results show that higher-order chiral modes and larger spinning speed generally give rise to stronger nonreciprocity, and there exists an optimal cylinder-waveguide coupling distance where the optical isolation reaches the maximum. The properties are sensitive to the material loss of the cylinder but show robustness against surface-roughness-induced loss in the waveguide. Our work contributes to the understanding of nonreciprocity in subwavelength moving structures and can find applications in integrated photonic circuits, topological photonics, and novel metasurfaces.
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26
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Bellando L, Kleine M, Amarouchene Y, Perrin M, Louyer Y. Giant Diffusion of Nanomechanical Rotors in a Tilted Washboard Potential. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:023602. [PMID: 35867469 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.023602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We present an experimental realization of a biased optical periodic potential in the low friction limit. The noise-induced bistability between locked (torsional) and running (spinning) states in the rotational motion of a nanodumbbell is driven by an elliptically polarized light beam tilting the angular potential. By varying the gas pressure around the point of maximum intermittency, the rotational effective diffusion coefficient increases by more than 3 orders of magnitude over free-space diffusion. These experimental results are in agreement with a simple two-state model that is derived from the Langevin equation through using timescale separation. Our work provides a new experimental platform to study the weak thermal noise limit for diffusion in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bellando
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, LOMA, UMR 5798, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - M Kleine
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, LOMA, UMR 5798, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Y Amarouchene
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, LOMA, UMR 5798, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - M Perrin
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, LOMA, UMR 5798, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Y Louyer
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, LOMA, UMR 5798, F-33405 Talence, France
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27
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Ricci F, Cuairan MT, Schell AW, Hebestreit E, Rica RA, Meyer N, Quidant R. A Chemical Nanoreactor Based on a Levitated Nanoparticle in Vacuum. ACS NANO 2022; 16:8677-8683. [PMID: 35580358 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c01693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A single levitated nanoparticle is used as a nanoreactor for studying surface chemistry at the nanoscale. Optical levitation under controlled pressure, surrounding gas composition, and humidity provides extreme control over the nanoparticle, including dynamics, charge, and surface chemistry. Using a single nanoparticle avoids ensemble averages and allows studying how the presence of silanol groups at its surface affects the adsorption and desorption of water from the background gas with excellent spatial and temporal resolution. Herein, we demonstrate the potential of this versatile platform by studying the Zhuravlev model in silica particles. In contrast to standard methods, our system allowed the observation of an abrupt and irreversible change in scattering cross section, mass, and mechanical eigenfrequency during the dehydroxylation process, indicating changes in density, refractive index, and volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ricci
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Marc T Cuairan
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
- Nanophotonic Systems Laboratory, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas W Schell
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Raúl A Rica
- Nanoparticles Trapping Laboratory and Research Unit Modeling Nature (MNat), Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
- Department of Applied Physics, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Nadine Meyer
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
- Nanophotonic Systems Laboratory, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Romain Quidant
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
- Nanophotonic Systems Laboratory, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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28
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Ding H, Kollipara PS, Kim Y, Kotnala A, Li J, Chen Z, Zheng Y. Universal optothermal micro/nanoscale rotors. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn8498. [PMID: 35704582 PMCID: PMC9200276 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn8498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Rotation of micro/nano-objects is important for micro/nanorobotics, three-dimensional imaging, and lab-on-a-chip systems. Optical rotation techniques are especially attractive because of their fuel-free and remote operation. However, current techniques require laser beams with designed intensity profile and polarization or objects with sophisticated shapes or optical birefringence. These requirements make it challenging to use simple optical setups for light-driven rotation of many highly symmetric or isotropic objects, including biological cells. Here, we report a universal approach to the out-of-plane rotation of various objects, including spherically symmetric and isotropic particles, using an arbitrary low-power laser beam. Moreover, the laser beam is positioned away from the objects to reduce optical damage from direct illumination. The rotation mechanism based on opto-thermoelectrical coupling is elucidated by rigorous experiments combined with multiscale simulations. With its general applicability and excellent biocompatibility, our universal light-driven rotation platform is instrumental for various scientific research and engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongru Ding
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | | | - Youngsun Kim
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Abhay Kotnala
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jingang Li
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Zhihan Chen
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Yuebing Zheng
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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29
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Chen Z, Cai Z, Liu W, Yan Z. Optical trapping and manipulation for single-particle spectroscopy and microscopy. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:050901. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0086328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical tweezers can control the position and orientation of individual colloidal particles in solution. Such control is often desirable but challenging for single-particle spectroscopy and microscopy, especially at the nanoscale. Functional nanoparticles that are optically trapped and manipulated in a three-dimensional (3D) space can serve as freestanding nanoprobes, which provide unique prospects of sensing and mapping the surrounding environment of the nanoparticles and studying their interactions with biological systems. In this perspective, we will first describe the optical forces underlying the optical trapping and manipulation of microscopic particles, then review the combinations and applications of different spectroscopy and microscopy techniques with optical tweezers. Finally, we will discuss the challenges of performing spectroscopy and microscopy on single nanoparticles with optical tweezers, the possible routes to address these challenges, and the new opportunities that will arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Chen
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Zhewei Cai
- Clarkson University, United States of America
| | - Wenbo Liu
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Zijie Yan
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America
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30
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Jin Y, Yan J, Jee Rahman S, Yu X, Zhang J. Interference of the scattered vector light fields from two optically levitated nanoparticles. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:20026-20037. [PMID: 36221763 DOI: 10.1364/oe.454082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally study the interference of dipole scattered light from two optically levitated nanoparticles in vacuum, which present an environment free of particle-substrate interactions. We illuminate the two trapped nanoparticles with a linearly polarized probe beam orthogonal to the propagation of the trapping laser beams. The scattered light from the nanoparticles are collected by a high numerical aperture (NA) objective lens and imaged. The interference fringes from the scattered vector light for the different dipole orientations in image and Fourier space are observed. Especially, the interference fringes of two scattered light fields with polarization vortex show the π shift of the interference fringes between inside and outside the center region of the two nanoparticles in the image space. As far as we know, this is the first experimental observation of the interference of scattered vector light fields from two dipoles in free space. This work also provides a simple and direct method to determine the spatial scales between optically levitated nanoparticles by the interference fringes.
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31
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Ren YL. Nonreciprocal optical-microwave entanglement in a spinning magnetic resonator. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:1125-1128. [PMID: 35230307 DOI: 10.1364/ol.451050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We propose a nonreciprocal optical-microwave entanglement in a hybrid system composed of a spinning magnetic resonator and a microwave resonator. The optical Sagnac effect caused by the spinning of the magnetic resonator leads to a significant difference in the quantum entanglement for driving the magnetic resonator from opposite directions, which results in the nonreciprocal optical-microwave entanglement. Remarkably, the nonreciprocal optical-microwave entanglement determined by the spinning speed, driving direction, and driving frequency has a high tunability, so it can be turned on or off on demand. Our work opens up a new, to the best of our knowledge, route to achieve nonreciprocal entanglement between microwave and optical domains, which may have potential applications in chiral quantum networking.
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32
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Shi Y, Zhou LM, Liu AQ, Nieto-Vesperinas M, Zhu T, Hassanfiroozi A, Liu J, Zhang H, Tsai DP, Li H, Ding W, Zhu W, Yu YF, Mazzulla A, Cipparrone G, Wu PC, Chan CT, Qiu CW. Superhybrid Mode-Enhanced Optical Torques on Mie-Resonant Particles. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:1769-1777. [PMID: 35156826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Circularly polarized light carries spin angular momentum, so it can exert an optical torque on the polarization-anisotropic particle by the spin momentum transfer. Here, we show that giant positive and negative optical torques on Mie-resonant (gain) particles arise from the emergence of superhybrid modes with magnetic multipoles and electric toroidal moments, excited by linearly polarized beams. Anomalous positive and negative torques on particles (doped with judicious amount of dye molecules) are over 800 and 200 times larger than the ordinary lossy counterparts, respectively. Meanwhile, a rotational motor can be configured by switching the s- and p-polarized beams, exhibiting opposite optical torques. These giant and reversed optical torques are unveiled for the first time in the scattering spectrum, paving another avenue toward exploring unprecedented physics of hybrid and superhybrid multipoles in metaoptics and optical manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhi Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lei-Ming Zhou
- Department of Optical Engineering, School of Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583
| | - Ai Qun Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Manuel Nieto-Vesperinas
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Tongtong Zhu
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Amir Hassanfiroozi
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Jingquan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Din Ping Tsai
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hang Li
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Weiqiang Ding
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Weiming Zhu
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Ye Feng Yu
- School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Alfredo Mazzulla
- CNR Nanotec─Institute of Nanotechnology, S.S. Cosenza, Rende, CS 87036, Italy
| | - Gabriella Cipparrone
- Department of Physics, University of Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci 31C, Rende, CS 87036, Italy
| | - Pin Chieh Wu
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - C T Chan
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583
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33
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Matos GC, Souza RDME, Neto PAM, Impens F. Quantum Vacuum Sagnac Effect. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:270401. [PMID: 35061441 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.270401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report on the quantum electrodynamical analog of a Sagnac phase induced by the fast rotation of a neutral nanoparticle onto atomic waves propagating in its vicinity. The quantum vacuum Sagnac phase is a geometric Berry phase proportional to the angular velocity of rotation. The persistence of a noninertial effect into the inertial frame is also analogous to the Aharonov-Bohm effect. Here, a rotation confined to a restricted domain of space gives rise to an atomic phase even though the interferometer is at rest with respect to an inertial frame. By taking advantage of a plasmon resonance, we show that the magnitude of the induced phase can be close to the sensitivity limit of state of the art interferometers. The quantum vacuum Sagnac atomic phase is a geometric footprint of a dynamical Casimir-like effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme C Matos
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-972, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo A Maia Neto
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-972, Brazil
| | - François Impens
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-972, Brazil
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34
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Gonzalez-Ballestero C, Aspelmeyer M, Novotny L, Quidant R, Romero-Isart O. Levitodynamics: Levitation and control of microscopic objects in vacuum. Science 2021; 374:eabg3027. [PMID: 34618558 DOI: 10.1126/science.abg3027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gonzalez-Ballestero
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.,Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Aspelmeyer
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.,Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - L Novotny
- Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.,Quantum Center, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - R Quidant
- Quantum Center, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.,Nanophotonic Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - O Romero-Isart
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.,Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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35
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Yasuda R, Hatakeyama A. Characterization of a double torsion pendulum used to detect spin-induced torque based on Beth's experiment. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:105108. [PMID: 34717437 DOI: 10.1063/5.0056706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We characterized a double torsion pendulum system, including measurements of the photon-spin-induced torque. Our experimental strategy was similar to that used in Beth's experiment, which was performed in 1936 to measure photon-spin-induced torque using forced oscillation caused by polarization modulation of light incident on a suspended object. Through simple passive isolation of the suspended object from external vibration noise, the achieved torque sensitivity was 2 × 10-17 N m in a measurement time of 104 s, which is close to the thermal noise limit and one order smaller than the minimum torque measured in Beth's experiment. The observed spin-induced torque exerted on the light-absorbing optics is consistent with the angular momentum transfer of ℏ per photon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runa Yasuda
- Department of Applied Physics, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hatakeyama
- Department of Applied Physics, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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36
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van der Laan F, Tebbenjohanns F, Reimann R, Vijayan J, Novotny L, Frimmer M. Sub-Kelvin Feedback Cooling and Heating Dynamics of an Optically Levitated Librator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:123605. [PMID: 34597065 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.123605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rotational optomechanics strives to gain quantum control over mechanical rotors by harnessing the interaction of light and matter. We optically trap a dielectric nanodumbbell in a linearly polarized laser field, where the dumbbell represents a nanomechanical librator. Using measurement-based parametric feedback control in high vacuum, we cool this librator from room temperature to 240 mK and investigate its heating dynamics when released from feedback. We exclude collisions with residual gas molecules as well as classical laser noise as sources of heating. Our findings indicate that we observe the torque fluctuations arising from the zero-point fluctuations of the electromagnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - René Reimann
- Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Quantum Research Centre, Technology Innovation Institute, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | - Lukas Novotny
- Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Frimmer
- Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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37
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Zeng K, Pu J, Wu Y, Xiao D, Wu X. Centrifugal motion of an optically levitated particle. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:4635-4638. [PMID: 34525067 DOI: 10.1364/ol.435167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Levitated optomechanical systems experience a tremendous development on detecting weak force and torque with the center of mass motion and rotation of the levitated particle. Here the levitated optomechanical system is established on a rotating platform, and the centrifugal motion of the particle is observed after rotating the optical platform. The centrifugal displacement of the particle is experimentally proven to show a quadratic function relation with the rotation speed, and the stiffness of the trap and the mass of the levitated particle are obtained from it separately. Furthermore, the centrifugal motion makes the particle deviate from the laser focus center, which would decrease the particle spin speed. These results will help to understand the centrifugal motion and fully consider this effect when the optomechanical system rotates.
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38
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Fujiwara H, Sudo K, Sunaba Y, Pin C, Ishida S, Sasaki K. Spin-Orbit Angular-Momentum Transfer from a Nanogap Surface Plasmon to a Trapped Nanodiamond. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:6268-6273. [PMID: 34270262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The ability to control the motion of single nanoparticles or molecules is currently one of the major scientific and technological challenges. Despite tremendous progress in the field of plasmonic nanotweezers, controlled nanoscale manipulation of nanoparticles trapped by a plasmonic nanogap antenna has not been reported yet. Here, we demonstrate the controlled orbital rotation of a single fluorescent nanodiamond trapped by a gold trimer nanoantenna irradiated by a rotating linearly polarized light or circularly polarized light. Remarkably, the rotation direction is opposite to the light's polarization rotation. We numerically show that this inversion comes from sequential excitation of individual nanotriangles in the reverse order when the linear polarization is rotated, whereas using a circular polarization, light-nanoparticle angular momentum transfer occurs via the generation of a Poynting vector vortex of reversed handedness. This work provides a new path for the control of light-matter angular momentum transfer using plasmonic nanogap antennas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Fujiwara
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N20W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkai-Gakuen University, 1-1, W11S26, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 064-0926, Japan
| | - Kota Sudo
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N20W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Yuji Sunaba
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N20W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Christophe Pin
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N20W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Shutaro Ishida
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N20W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Keiji Sasaki
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N20W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
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39
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Xie S, Sharma A, Romodina M, Joly NY, Russell PSJ. Tumbling and anomalous alignment of optically levitated anisotropic microparticles in chiral hollow-core photonic crystal fiber. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/28/eabf6053. [PMID: 34244140 PMCID: PMC8270490 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf6053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The complex tumbling motion of spinning nonspherical objects is a topic of enduring interest, both in popular culture and in advanced scientific research. Here, we report all-optical control of the spin, precession, and nutation of vaterite microparticles levitated by counterpropagating circularly polarized laser beams guided in chiral hollow-core fiber. The circularly polarized light causes the anisotropic particles to spin about the fiber axis, while, regulated by minimization of free energy, dipole forces tend to align the extraordinary optical axis of positive uniaxial particles into the plane of rotating electric field. The end result is that, accompanied by oscillatory nutation, the optical axis reaches a stable tilt angle with respect to the plane of the electric field. The results reveal new possibilities for manipulating optical alignment through rotational degrees of freedom, with applications in the control of micromotors and microgyroscopes, laser alignment of polyatomic molecules, and study of rotational cell mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangran Xie
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstr. 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Abhinav Sharma
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstr. 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Staudtstr. 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maria Romodina
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstr. 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Y Joly
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstr. 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Staudtstr. 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philip St J Russell
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstr. 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Staudtstr. 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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40
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Perdriat M, Pellet-Mary C, Huillery P, Rondin L, Hétet G. Spin-Mechanics with Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers and Trapped Particles. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:651. [PMID: 34206001 PMCID: PMC8227763 DOI: 10.3390/mi12060651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Controlling the motion of macroscopic oscillators in the quantum regime has been the subject of intense research in recent decades. In this direction, opto-mechanical systems, where the motion of micro-objects is strongly coupled with laser light radiation pressure, have had tremendous success. In particular, the motion of levitating objects can be manipulated at the quantum level thanks to their very high isolation from the environment under ultra-low vacuum conditions. To enter the quantum regime, schemes using single long-lived atomic spins, such as the electronic spin of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond, coupled with levitating mechanical oscillators have been proposed. At the single spin level, they offer the formidable prospect of transferring the spins' inherent quantum nature to the oscillators, with foreseeable far-reaching implications in quantum sensing and tests of quantum mechanics. Adding the spin degrees of freedom to the experimentalists' toolbox would enable access to a very rich playground at the crossroads between condensed matter and atomic physics. We review recent experimental work in the field of spin-mechanics that employ the interaction between trapped particles and electronic spins in the solid state and discuss the challenges ahead. Our focus is on the theoretical background close to the current experiments, as well as on the experimental limits, that, once overcome, will enable these systems to unleash their full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Perdriat
- Laboratoire De Physique de l’École Normale Supérieure, École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 24 rue Lhomond, CEDEX 05, 75231 Paris, France; (M.P.); (C.P.-M.); (P.H.)
| | - Clément Pellet-Mary
- Laboratoire De Physique de l’École Normale Supérieure, École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 24 rue Lhomond, CEDEX 05, 75231 Paris, France; (M.P.); (C.P.-M.); (P.H.)
| | - Paul Huillery
- Laboratoire De Physique de l’École Normale Supérieure, École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 24 rue Lhomond, CEDEX 05, 75231 Paris, France; (M.P.); (C.P.-M.); (P.H.)
| | - Loïc Rondin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, ENS Paris-Saclay, Centrale-Supélec, LuMIn, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
| | - Gabriel Hétet
- Laboratoire De Physique de l’École Normale Supérieure, École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 24 rue Lhomond, CEDEX 05, 75231 Paris, France; (M.P.); (C.P.-M.); (P.H.)
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41
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Craigie K, Gauger EM, Altmann Y, Bonato C. Resource-efficient adaptive Bayesian tracking of magnetic fields with a quantum sensor. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:195801. [PMID: 33540392 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abe34f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Single-spin quantum sensors, for example based on nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond, provide nanoscale mapping of magnetic fields. In applications where the magnetic field may be changing rapidly, total sensing time is crucial and must be minimised. Bayesian estimation and adaptive experiment optimisation can speed up the sensing process by reducing the number of measurements required. These protocols consist of computing and updating the probability distribution of the magnetic field based on measurement outcomes and of determining optimized acquisition settings for the next measurement. However, the computational steps feeding into the measurement settings of the next iteration must be performed quickly enough to allow real-time updates. This article addresses the issue of computational speed by implementing an approximate Bayesian estimation technique, where probability distributions are approximated by a finite sum of Gaussian functions. Given that only three parameters are required to fully describe a Gaussian density, we find that in many cases, the magnetic field probability distribution can be described by fewer than ten parameters, achieving a reduction in computation time by factor 10 compared to existing approaches. ForT2*=1μs, only a small decrease in computation time is achieved. However, in these regimes, the proposed Gaussian protocol outperforms the existing one in tracking accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Craigie
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, SUPA, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - E M Gauger
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, SUPA, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Y Altmann
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, SUPA, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - C Bonato
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, SUPA, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
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42
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Schäfer J, Rudolph H, Hornberger K, Stickler BA. Cooling Nanorotors by Elliptic Coherent Scattering. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:163603. [PMID: 33961470 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.163603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneously cooling the rotational and translational motion of nanoscale dielectrics into the quantum regime is an open task of great importance for sensing applications and quantum superposition tests. Here, we show that the six-dimensional ground state can be reached by coherent-scattering cooling with an elliptically polarized and shaped optical tweezer. We determine the cooling rates and steady-state occupations in a realistic setup and discuss applications for mechanical sensing and fundamental experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Schäfer
- Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Henning Rudolph
- Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Hornberger
- Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin A Stickler
- Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
- QOLS, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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43
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Zhu X, Li N, Yang J, Chen X, Hu H. Revolution of a trapped particle in counter-propagating dual-beam optical tweezers under low pressure. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:11169-11180. [PMID: 33820235 DOI: 10.1364/oe.420274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We presented faster and more accurate simulations and experiments describing the revolution of a suspended particle in optical tweezers under a low pressure. Instead of the state-of-the-art offline method of pinhole alignment, we proposed an in situ method of revolution suppression by adjusting the laser beam while observing the power spectral density and time-domain plot of the particle centroid displacement. The experimental results under different air pressures show that our method is more effective at low pressures. We observed that "revolution occurs when radial alignment error is below the threshold" and uncovered the mechanism behind this phenomenon. The rapidly growing Q value of the revolution indicates a high-precision resonance measurement method under lower air pressure compared with random translation measurements.
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44
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Plidschun M, Ren H, Kim J, Förster R, Maier SA, Schmidt MA. Ultrahigh numerical aperture meta-fibre for flexible optical trapping. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:57. [PMID: 33723210 PMCID: PMC7960731 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00491-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Strong focusing on diffraction-limited spots is essential for many photonic applications and is particularly relevant for optical trapping; however, all currently used approaches fail to simultaneously provide flexible transportation of light, straightforward implementation, compatibility with waveguide circuitry, and strong focusing. Here, we demonstrate the design and 3D nanoprinting of an ultrahigh numerical aperture meta-fibre for highly flexible optical trapping. Taking into account the peculiarities of the fibre environment, we implemented an ultrathin meta-lens on the facet of a modified single-mode optical fibre via direct laser writing, leading to a diffraction-limited focal spot with a record-high numerical aperture of up to NA ≈ 0.9. The unique capabilities of this flexible, cost-effective, bio- and fibre-circuitry-compatible meta-fibre device were demonstrated by optically trapping microbeads and bacteria for the first time with only one single-mode fibre in combination with diffractive optics. Our study highlights the relevance of the unexplored but exciting field of meta-fibre optics to a multitude of fields, such as bioanalytics, quantum technology and life sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Plidschun
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Abbe Center of Photonics and Faculty of Physics, FSU Jena, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Haoran Ren
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, LMU München, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Jisoo Kim
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Abbe Center of Photonics and Faculty of Physics, FSU Jena, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Ronny Förster
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan A Maier
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, LMU München, 80539, München, Germany
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Markus A Schmidt
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745, Jena, Germany.
- Abbe Center of Photonics and Faculty of Physics, FSU Jena, 07745, Jena, Germany.
- Otto Schott Institute of Material Research, FSU Jena, 07745, Jena, Germany.
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45
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Strong optomechanical coupling at room temperature by coherent scattering. Nat Commun 2021; 12:276. [PMID: 33436586 PMCID: PMC7803762 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20419-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum control of a system requires the manipulation of quantum states faster than any decoherence rate. For mesoscopic systems, this has so far only been reached by few cryogenic systems. An important milestone towards quantum control is the so-called strong coupling regime, which in cavity optomechanics corresponds to an optomechanical coupling strength larger than cavity decay rate and mechanical damping. Here, we demonstrate the strong coupling regime at room temperature between a levitated silica particle and a high finesse optical cavity. Normal mode splitting is achieved by employing coherent scattering, instead of directly driving the cavity. The coupling strength achieved here approaches three times the cavity linewidth, crossing deep into the strong coupling regime. Entering the strong coupling regime is an essential step towards quantum control with mesoscopic objects at room temperature. Reaching the strong coupling regime is a crucial step towards room-temperature quantum control with mesoscopic objects. Here, the authors use coherent scattering to demonstrate room temperature strong coupling between a levitated silica particle and a high-finesse optical cavity.
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46
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Pan D, Xu H, García de Abajo FJ. Rotational Doppler cooling and heating. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/2/eabd6705. [PMID: 33523972 PMCID: PMC7787484 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd6705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Doppler cooling is a widely used technique to laser cool atoms, molecules, and nanoparticles by exploiting the Doppler shift associated with translational motion. The rotational Doppler effect arising from rotational coordinate transformation should similarly enable optical manipulation of the rotational motion of nanosystems. Here, we show that rotational Doppler cooling and heating (RDC and RDH) effects embody rich and unexplored physics, including an unexpected strong dependence on particle morphology. For geometrically constrained particles, cooling and heating are observed at red- or blue-detuned laser frequencies relative to particle resonances. In contrast, for nanosystems that can be modeled as solid particles, RDH appears close to resonant illumination, while detuned frequencies produce cooling of rotation. We further predict that RDH can lead to optomechanical spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking, where an achiral particle under linearly polarized illumination starts spontaneously rotating. Our results open up new exciting possibilities to control the rotational motion of nanosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Pan
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Hongxing Xu
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - F Javier García de Abajo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain.
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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47
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Lochan K, Ulbricht H, Vinante A, Goyal SK. Detecting Acceleration-Enhanced Vacuum Fluctuations with Atoms Inside a Cavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:241301. [PMID: 33412056 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.241301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Some of the most prominent theoretical predictions of modern times, e.g., the Unruh effect, Hawking radiation, and gravity-assisted particle creation, are supported by from the fact that various quantum constructs like particle content and vacuum fluctuations of a quantum field are observer-dependent. Despite being fundamental in nature, these predictions have not yet been experimentally verified because one needs extremely strong gravity (or acceleration) to bring them within the existing experimental resolution. In this Letter, we demonstrate that a post-Newtonian rotating atom inside a far-detuned cavity experiences strongly modified quantum fluctuations in the inertial vacuum. As a result, the emission rate of an excited atom gets enhanced significantly along with a shift in the emission spectrum due to the change in the quantum correlation under rotation. We propose an optomechanical setup that is capable of realizing such acceleration-induced particle creation with current technology. This provides a novel and potentially feasible experimental proposal for the direct detection of noninertial quantum field theoretic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinjalk Lochan
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81 SAS Nagar, Manauli PO 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Hendrik Ulbricht
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Vinante
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie-CNR and Fondazione Bruno Kessler, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - Sandeep K Goyal
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81 SAS Nagar, Manauli PO 140306, Punjab, India
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Braidotti MC, Vinante A, Gasbarri G, Faccio D, Ulbricht H. Zel'dovich Amplification in a Superconducting Circuit. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:140801. [PMID: 33064533 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.140801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Zel'dovich proposed that electromagnetic (EM) waves with angular momentum reflected from a rotating metallic, lossy cylinder will be amplified. However, we are still lacking a direct experimental EM-wave verification of this fifty-year-old prediction due to the challenging conditions in which the phenomenon manifests itself: the mechanical rotation frequency of the cylinder must be comparable with the EM oscillation frequency. Here, we propose an experimental approach that solves this issue and is predicted to lead to a measurable Zel'dovich amplification with existing superconducting circuit technology. We design a superconducting circuit with low frequency EM modes that couple through free space to a magnetically levitated and spinning microsphere placed at the center of the circuit. We theoretically estimate the circuit EM mode gain and show that rotation of the microsphere can lead to experimentally observable amplification, thus paving the way for the first EM-field experimental demonstration of Zel'dovich amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Vinante
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ Southampton, United Kingdom
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie-CNR and Fondazione Bruno Kessler, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - Giulio Gasbarri
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Daniele Faccio
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Hendrik Ulbricht
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ Southampton, United Kingdom
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49
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Jiao YF, Zhang SD, Zhang YL, Miranowicz A, Kuang LM, Jing H. Nonreciprocal Optomechanical Entanglement against Backscattering Losses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:143605. [PMID: 33064545 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.143605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We propose how to achieve nonreciprocal quantum entanglement of light and motion and reveal its counterintuitive robustness against random losses. We find that by splitting the counterpropagating lights of a spinning resonator via the Sagnac effect, photons and phonons can be entangled strongly in a chosen direction but fully uncorrelated in the other. This makes it possible both to realize quantum nonreciprocity even in the absence of any classical nonreciprocity and also to achieve significant entanglement revival against backscattering losses in practical devices. Our work provides a way to protect and engineer quantum resources by utilizing diverse nonreciprocal devices, for building noise-tolerant quantum processors, realizing chiral networks, and backaction-immune quantum sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Feng Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Department of Physics and Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Sheng-Dian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Department of Physics and Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Yan-Lei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Adam Miranowicz
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Le-Man Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Department of Physics and Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Hui Jing
- Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Department of Physics and Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
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50
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Ma Y, Khosla KE, Stickler BA, Kim MS. Quantum Persistent Tennis Racket Dynamics of Nanorotors. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:053604. [PMID: 32794837 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.053604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Classical rotations of asymmetric rigid bodies are unstable around the axis of intermediate moment of inertia, causing a flipping of rotor orientation. This effect, known as the tennis racket effect, quickly averages to zero in classical ensembles since the flipping period varies significantly upon approaching the separatrix. Here, we explore the quantum rotations of rapidly spinning thermal asymmetric nanorotors and show that classically forbidden tunneling gives rise to persistent tennis racket dynamics, in stark contrast to the classical expectation. We characterize this effect, demonstrating that quantum coherent flipping dynamics can persist even in the regime where millions of angular momentum states are occupied. This persistent flipping offers a promising route for observing and exploiting quantum effects in rotational degrees of freedom for molecules and nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ma
- QOLS, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Kiran E Khosla
- QOLS, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin A Stickler
- QOLS, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - M S Kim
- QOLS, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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