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Zhong J, Nakagawa S, Kaczmarska K, Terao W, Grabowska B, Fujii Y, Koreeda A, Kohara S, Tanimoto H, Tokoro H, Ohkoshi SI, Ko JH, Duan Y, Mori T. Investigation of the vibrational density of states of sodium carboxymethyl starch glass via terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 266:120414. [PMID: 34619511 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the vibrational density of states of sodium carboxymethyl starch (CM-starch) by terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy. The CM-starch showed a broad peak at ∼3 THz. The structure of the peak was similar to those corresponding to glucose-based polymer glasses possessing hydrogen bonds. The boson peak (BP) appeared at 1.16 THz at the lowest temperature and disappeared because of the existence of excess wing at higher temperatures. However, based on our novel BP frequency determination method using the inflection point of the extinction coefficient, the BP frequency showed almost no dependence on temperature. Further, the chain length dependence of the BP frequency of the glucose-based glasses showed that the BP frequency of the polymer glass was slightly lower than that of the monomer glass. The power law behaviour of the absorption coefficient suggested the existence of fractons, and the fractal dimension was estimated to be 2.33.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlan Zhong
- Department of Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Shin Nakagawa
- Department of Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Karolina Kaczmarska
- AGH - University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Foundry Engineering, Reymonta 23, 30 059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Wakana Terao
- Department of Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Beata Grabowska
- AGH - University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Foundry Engineering, Reymonta 23, 30 059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Yasuhiro Fujii
- Department of Physical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Akitoshi Koreeda
- Department of Physical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Shinji Kohara
- Quantum Beam Field, Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Hisanori Tanimoto
- Department of Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tokoro
- Department of Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Ohkoshi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Jae-Hyeon Ko
- School of Nano Convergence Technology, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehakgil, Chuncheon, Gangwondo 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Duan
- Department of Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Mori
- Department of Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.
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Giuntoli A, Hansoge NK, van Beek A, Meng Z, Chen W, Keten S. Systematic Coarse-graining of Epoxy Resins with Machine Learning-Informed Energy Renormalization. NPJ COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS 2021; 7:168. [PMID: 34824867 PMCID: PMC8612124 DOI: 10.1038/s41524-021-00634-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A persistent challenge in predictive molecular modeling of thermoset polymers is to capture the effects of chemical composition and degree of crosslinking (DC) on dynamical and mechanical properties with high computational efficiency. We established a new coarse-graining (CG) approach that combines the energy renormalization method with Gaussian process surrogate models of the molecular dynamics simulations. This allows a machine-learning informed functional calibration of DC-dependent CG force field parameters. Taking versatile epoxy resins consisting of Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether combined with curing agent of either 4,4-Diaminodicyclohexylmethane or polyoxypropylene diamines, we demonstrated excellent agreement between all-atom and CG predictions for density, Debye-Waller factor, Young's modulus and yield stress at any DC. We further introduce a surrogate model enabled simplification of the functional forms of 14 non-bonded calibration parameters by quantifying the uncertainty of a candidate set of high-dimensional/flexible calibration functions. The framework established provides an efficient methodology for chemistry-specific, large-scale investigations of the dynamics and mechanics of epoxy resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Giuntoli
- Dept. of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3109
- Center for Hierarchical Materials Design, Northwestern University, 2205 Tech Drive, Evanston, IL 60208-3109
| | - Nitin K. Hansoge
- Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3109
- Center for Hierarchical Materials Design, Northwestern University, 2205 Tech Drive, Evanston, IL 60208-3109
| | - Anton van Beek
- Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3109
- Center for Hierarchical Materials Design, Northwestern University, 2205 Tech Drive, Evanston, IL 60208-3109
| | - Zhaoxu Meng
- Dept of. Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, 208 Fluor Daniel EIB, Clemson, SC 29634-0921
| | - Wei Chen
- Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3109
- Center for Hierarchical Materials Design, Northwestern University, 2205 Tech Drive, Evanston, IL 60208-3109
| | - Sinan Keten
- Dept. of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3109
- Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3109
- Center for Hierarchical Materials Design, Northwestern University, 2205 Tech Drive, Evanston, IL 60208-3109
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Tomoshige N, Goto S, Mizuno H, Mori T, Kim K, Matubayasi N. Understanding the scaling of boson peak through insensitivity of elastic heterogeneity to bending rigidity in polymer glasses. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:274002. [PMID: 33930889 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abfd51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous materials exhibit peculiar mechanical and vibrational properties, including non-affine elastic responses and excess vibrational states, i.e., the so-called boson peak (BP). For polymer glasses, these properties are considered to be affected by the bending rigidity of the constituent polymer chains. In our recent work [Tomoshige,et al2019,Sci. Rep.919514], we have revealed simple relationships between the variations of vibrational properties and the global elastic properties: the response of the BP scales only with that of the global shear modulus. This observation suggests that the spatial heterogeneity of the local shear modulus distribution is insensitive to changes in the bending rigidity. Here, we demonstrate the insensitivity of elastic heterogeneity by directly measuring the local shear modulus distribution. We also study transverse sound wave propagation, which is also shown to scale only with the global shear modulus. Through these analyses, we conclude that the bending rigidity does not alter the spatial heterogeneity of the local shear modulus distribution, which yields vibrational and acoustic properties that are controlled solely by the global shear modulus of a polymer glass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Tomoshige
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Shota Goto
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Mizuno
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Mori
- Department of Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Kang Kim
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Matubayasi
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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Massa CA, Puosi F, Tripodo A, Leporini D. Open and Anisotropic Soft Regions in a Model Polymer Glass. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13081336. [PMID: 33921750 PMCID: PMC8072583 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The vibrational dynamics of a model polymer glass is studied by Molecular Dynamics simulations. The focus is on the “soft” monomers with high participation to the lower-frequency vibrational modes contributing to the thermodynamic anomalies of glasses. To better evidence their role, the threshold to qualify monomers as soft is made severe, allowing for the use of systems with limited size. A marked tendency of soft monomers to form quasi-local clusters involving up to 15 monomers is evidenced. Each chain contributes to a cluster up to about three monomers and a single cluster involves a monomer belonging to about 2–3 chains. Clusters with monomers belonging to a single chain are rare. The open and tenuous character of the clusters is revealed by their fractal dimension df<2. The inertia tensor of the soft clusters evidences their strong anisotropy in shape and remarkable linear correlation of the two largest eigenvalues. Owing to the limited size of the system, finite-size effects, as well as dependence of the results on the adopted polymer length, cannot be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Andrea Massa
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IPCF-CNR), Via G Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Francesco Puosi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Fisica ‘Enrico Fermi’, Università di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Antonio Tripodo
- Dipartimento di Fisica ‘Enrico Fermi’, Università di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Dino Leporini
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IPCF-CNR), Via G Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Fisica ‘Enrico Fermi’, Università di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-2214937
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Mori T, Jiang Y, Fujii Y, Kitani S, Mizuno H, Koreeda A, Motoji L, Tokoro H, Shiraki K, Yamamoto Y, Kojima S. Detection of boson peak and fractal dynamics of disordered systems using terahertz spectroscopy. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:022502. [PMID: 32942491 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.022502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The boson peak is a largely unexplained excitation found universally in the terahertz vibrational spectra of disordered systems; the so-called fracton is a vibrational excitation associated with the self-similar structure of monomers in polymeric glasses. We demonstrate that such excitations can be detected using terahertz spectroscopy. In the case of fractal structures, we determine the infrared light-vibration coupling coefficient for the fracton region and show that information concerning the fractal and fracton dimensions appears in the exponent of the absorption coefficient. Finally, using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy and low-frequency Raman scattering, we experimentally observe these universal excitations in a protein (lysozyme) system that has an intrinsically disordered and fractal structure and argue that the system should be considered a single supramolecule. These findings are applicable to amorphous and fractal objects in general and will be valuable for understanding universal dynamics of disordered systems via terahertz light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Mori
- Division of Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Yue Jiang
- Division of Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Fujii
- Department of Physical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Suguru Kitani
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Mizuno
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Akitoshi Koreeda
- Department of Physical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Leona Motoji
- Division of Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tokoro
- Division of Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Kentaro Shiraki
- Division of Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Yohei Yamamoto
- Division of Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Seiji Kojima
- Division of Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
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Zhong J, Mori T, Fujii Y, Kashiwagi T, Terao W, Yamashiro M, Minami H, Tsujimoto M, Tanaka T, Kawashima H, Ito J, Kijima M, Iji M, Watanabe MM, Kadowaki K. Molecular vibration and Boson peak analysis of glucose polymers and ester via terahertz spectroscopy. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 232:115789. [PMID: 31952597 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Complex permittivity spectra were obtained herein by performing broadband terahertz (THz) spectroscopy on cellulose, paramylon, and paramylon ester. Absorption peaks observed for cellulose and paramylon at approximately 3 THz are attributed to hydrogen bonds. In addition, a broad absorption peak around 2 THz was observed for all the polymers, demonstrating a general feature of polymer glasses derived from weak interatomic van der Waals forces. The boson peak was observed for cellulose and paramylon ester. The boson peak frequency for cellulose nearly equaled that for glassy glucose-a unit structure of the cellulose polymer. Additionally, the insensitivity of cellulose to the polymerization degree was consistent with recent results obtained via molecular dynamics simulations. In contrast, the boson peak frequency of paramylon ester was markedly smaller than that of cellulose. These results demonstrate the importance of hydrogen bonds as determinants of the boson peak frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlan Zhong
- Graduate School of Life and Environment Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Mori
- Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Fujii
- Department of Physical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Takanari Kashiwagi
- Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Wakana Terao
- Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Midori Yamashiro
- System Platform Research Laboratories NEC Corporation, 34 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8501, Japan
| | - Hidotoshi Minami
- Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Manabu Tsujimoto
- Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Tanaka
- Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan; Algae Biomass and Energy System (ABES) Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hidehisa Kawashima
- Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Junko Ito
- Algae Biomass and Energy System (ABES) Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masashi Kijima
- Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan; Algae Biomass and Energy System (ABES) Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Iji
- Algae Biomass and Energy System (ABES) Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Makoto M Watanabe
- Algae Biomass and Energy System (ABES) Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kadowaki
- Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan; Algae Biomass and Energy System (ABES) Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Japan
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Boson peak, elasticity, and glass transition temperature in polymer glasses: Effects of the rigidity of chain bending. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19514. [PMID: 31862997 PMCID: PMC6925306 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55564-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The excess low-frequency vibrational spectrum, called boson peak, and non-affine elastic response are the most important particularities of glasses. Herein, the vibrational and mechanical properties of polymeric glasses are examined by using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations, with particular attention to the effects of the bending rigidity of the polymer chains. As the rigidity increases, the system undergoes a glass transition at a higher temperature (under a constant pressure), which decreases the density of the glass phase. The elastic moduli, which are controlled by the decrease of the density and the increase of the rigidity, show a non-monotonic dependence on the rigidity of the polymer chain that arises from the non-affine component. Moreover, a clear boson peak is observed in the vibrational density of states, which depends on the macroscopic shear modulus G. In particular, the boson peak frequency ωBP is proportional to \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\sqrt{G}$$\end{document}G. These results provide a positive correlation between the boson peak, shear elasticity, and the glass transition temperature.
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Baggioli M, Zaccone A. Universal Origin of Boson Peak Vibrational Anomalies in Ordered Crystals and in Amorphous Materials. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:145501. [PMID: 31050477 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.145501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The vibrational spectra of solids, both ordered and amorphous, in the low-energy regime, control the thermal and transport properties of materials, from heat capacity to heat conduction, electron-phonon couplings, conventional superconductivity, etc. The old Debye model of vibrational spectra at low energy gives the vibrational density of states (VDOS) as proportional to the frequency squared, but in many materials the spectrum departs from this law which results in a peak upon normalizing the VDOS by frequency squared, which is known as the "boson peak." A description of the VDOS of solids (both crystals and glasses) is presented starting from first principles. Without using any assumptions whatsoever of disorder in the material, it is shown that the boson peak in the VDOS of both ordered crystals and glasses arises naturally from the competition between elastic mode propagation and diffusive damping. The theory explains the recent experimental observations of boson peak in perfectly ordered crystals, which cannot be explained based on previous theoretical frameworks. The theory also explains, for the first time, how the vibrational spectrum changes with the atomic density of the solid, and explains recent experimental observations of this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Baggioli
- Instituto de Fisica Teorica UAM/CSIC, c/Nicolas Cabrera 13-15, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Crete Center for Theoretical Physics, Institute for Theoretical and Computational Physics, Department of Physics, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Alessio Zaccone
- Department of Physics "A. Pontremoli", University of Milan, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB30HE Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, CB30AS Cambridge, United Kingdom
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