1
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Yoshizawa S, Sagisaka K, Sakata H. Visualization of Alternating Triangular Domains of Charge Density Waves in 2H-NbSe_{2} by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:056401. [PMID: 38364174 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.056401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The charge density wave (CDW) state of 2H-NbSe_{2} features commensurate domains separated by domain boundaries accompanied by phase slips known as discommensurations. We have unambiguously visualized the structure of CDW domains using a displacement-field measurement algorithm on a scanning tunneling microscopy image. Each CDW domain is delimited by three vertices and three edges of discommensurations and is designated by a triplet of integers whose sum identifies the types of commensurate structure. The observed structure is consistent with the alternating triangular tiling pattern predicted by a phenomenological Landau theory. The domain shape is affected by crystal defects and also by topological defects in the CDW phase factor. Our results provide a foundation for a complete understanding of the CDW state and its relation to the superconducting state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Yoshizawa
- Center for Basic Research on Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sagisaka
- Center for Basic Research on Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Hideaki Sakata
- Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
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2
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Kwon S, Jung H, Lee S, Cho GY, Kong K, Won C, Cheong SW, Yeom HW. Dual Higgs modes entangled into a soliton lattice in CuTe. Nat Commun 2024; 15:984. [PMID: 38302482 PMCID: PMC10834594 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45354-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently discovered Higgs particle is a key element in the standard model of elementary particles and its analogue in materials, massive Higgs mode, has elucidated intriguing collective phenomena in a wide range of materials with spontaneous symmetry breaking such as antiferromagnets, cold atoms, superconductors, superfluids, and charge density waves (CDW). As a straightforward extension beyond the standard model, multiple Higgs particles have been considered theoretically but not yet for Higgs modes. Here, we report the real-space observations, which suggest two Higgs modes coupled together with a soliton lattice in a solid. Our scanning tunneling microscopy reveals the 1D CDW state of an anisotropic transition metal monochalcogenide crystal CuTe is composed of two distinct but degenerate CDW structures by the layer inversion symmetry broken. More importantly, the amplitudes of each CDW structure oscillate in an out-of-phase fashion to result in a regular array of alternating domains with repeating phase-shift domain walls. This unusual finding is explained by the extra degeneracy in CDWs within the standard Landau theory of the free energy. The multiple and entangled Higgs modes demonstrate how novel collective modes can emerge in systems with distinct symmetries broken simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- SeongJin Kwon
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, 37673, Korea
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Hyunjin Jung
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, 37673, Korea
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - SangJin Lee
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, 37673, Korea
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Gil Young Cho
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, 37673, Korea
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - KiJeong Kong
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - ChoongJae Won
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, 37673, Korea
- Laboatory for Pohang Emergent Materials, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, Korea
- MPPC-CPM, Max Planck POSTECH/Korea Research Initiative, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Sang-Wook Cheong
- Laboatory for Pohang Emergent Materials, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, Korea
- MPPC-CPM, Max Planck POSTECH/Korea Research Initiative, Pohang, 37673, Korea
- Rutgers Center for Emergent Materials and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Han Woong Yeom
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, 37673, Korea.
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea.
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3
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Wang Z, You JY, Chen C, Mo J, He J, Zhang L, Zhou J, Loh KP, Feng YP. Interplay of the charge density wave transition with topological and superconducting properties. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2023; 8:1395-1402. [PMID: 37477436 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00207a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Exotic phenomena due to the interplay of different quantum orders have been observed and the study of these phenomena has emerged as a new frontier in condensed matter research, especially in the two-dimensional limit. Here, we report the coexistence of charge density waves (CDWs), superconductivity, and nontrivial topology in monolayer 1H-MSe2 (M = Nb, Ta) triggered by momentum-dependent electron-phonon coupling through electron doping. At a critical electron doping concentration, new 2 × 2 CDW phases emerge with nontrivial topology, Dirac cones, and van Hove singularities. Interestingly, these 2 × 2 CDW phases are also superconducting. Our findings not only reveal a route towards realizing nontrivial electronic characters by CDW engineering, but also provide an exciting platform to modulate different quantum states at the confluence of CDWs, superconductivity, nontrivial topology, and electron-phonon coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zishen Wang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 117542 Singapore, Singapore.
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 117546 Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Jing-Yang You
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 117542 Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Chuan Chen
- Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Jinchao Mo
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 117542 Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Jingyu He
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lishu Zhang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 117542 Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Jun Zhou
- Institute of Materials Research & Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 138634 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kian Ping Loh
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 117546 Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 117543 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuan Ping Feng
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 117542 Singapore, Singapore.
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 117546 Singapore, Singapore.
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4
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Park JW, Yeom HW. Alternative Structure Model of Correlated Charge Density Wave in Monolayer 1T-Nb(Ta)Se 2. ACS NANO 2023; 17:17041-17047. [PMID: 37579079 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
The putative Mott charge density wave (CDW) phases of monolayer 1T-NbSe2 and 1T-TaSe2 have attracted a lot of recent interest due to the unexpected orbital texture of their Mott-Hubbard states and the superstructure related to an exotic possibility of a quantum spin liquid with a spinon Fermi surface. The origins of the orbital texture and the superstructure have been, however, elusive. We find by using density functional theory calculations that these CDW phases can have an alternative metastable structure, an anion (Se) centered cluster, in contrast to the prevailing model of a cation (Nb or Ta) centered David star cluster. This structure can be stabilized by the charge transfer from the bilayer graphene/SiC substrate used commonly in the experiments. The anion-centered structure has a similar electronic band structure of a charge transfer insulator to that of DS clusters but naturally explains the orbital texture of the upper Hubbard band from simply its atomic structure. Moreover, this band structure exhibits a Fermi surface nesting to possibly break the symmetry spontaneously into a 3 × 3 -R30° superstructure observed experimentally. The resulting ground state of the superstructure is shown to be a trivial band insulator, in contrast to exotic proposals. This result emphasizes the huge structural flexibility of these heteroexpitaxial monolayers, for which careful studies on atomic structures and interactions with substrates are highly requested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Whan Park
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Woong Yeom
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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5
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Zheng Y, Jiang X, Xue XX, Yao X, Zeng J, Chen KQ, Wang E, Feng Y. Nuclear Quantum Effects on the Charge-Density Wave Transition in NbX 2 (X = S, Se). NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:1858-1865. [PMID: 35174707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the origin of charge-density wave (CDW) instability is important for manipulating novel collective electronic states. Many layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) share similarity in the structural and electronic instability, giving rise to diverse CDW phases and superconductivity. It is still puzzling that even isostructural and isoelectronic TMDs show distinct CDW features. For instance, bulk NbSe2 exhibits CDW order at low temperature, while bulk NbS2 displays no CDW instability. The CDW transitions in single-layer NbS2 and NbSe2 are also different. In the classic limit, we investigate the electron correlation effects on the dimensionality dependence of the CDW ordering. By performing ab initio path integral molecular dynamics simulations and comparative analyses, we further revealed significant nuclear quantum effects in these systems. Specifically, the quantum motion of sulfur anions significantly reduces the CDW transition temperature in both bulk and single-layer NbS2, resulting in distinct CDW features in the NbS2 and NbSe2 systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueshao Zheng
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingxing Jiang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong-Xiong Xue
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Yao
- School of Physics and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Zeng
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Qiu Chen
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Enge Wang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Songshan Lake Materials, Institute of Physics, CAS and School of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People's Republic of China
| | - Yexin Feng
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
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6
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Ganguli SC, Vaňo V, Kezilebieke S, Lado JL, Liljeroth P. Confinement-Engineered Superconductor to Correlated-Insulator Transition in a van der Waals Monolayer. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:1845-1850. [PMID: 35167310 PMCID: PMC8915256 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) are a rich family of two-dimensional materials displaying a multitude of different quantum ground states. In particular, d3 TMDCs are paradigmatic materials hosting a variety of symmetry broken states, including charge density waves, superconductivity, and magnetism. Among this family, NbSe2 is one of the best-studied superconducting materials down to the monolayer limit. Despite its superconducting nature, a variety of results point toward strong electronic repulsions in NbSe2. Here, we control the strength of the interactions experimentally via quantum confinement and use low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS) to demonstrate that NbSe2 is in close proximity to a correlated insulating state. This reveals the coexistence of competing interactions in NbSe2, creating a transition from a superconducting to an insulating quantum correlated state by confinement-controlled interactions. Our results demonstrate the dramatic role of interactions in NbSe2, establishing NbSe2 as a correlated superconductor with competing interactions.
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7
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Multiband charge density wave exposed in a transition metal dichalcogenide. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6037. [PMID: 34654799 PMCID: PMC8519912 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25780-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In the presence of multiple bands, well-known electronic instabilities may acquire new complexity. While multiband superconductivity is the subject of extensive studies, the possibility of multiband charge density waves (CDWs) has been largely ignored so far. Here, combining energy dependent scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) topography with a simple model of the charge modulations and a self-consistent calculation of the CDW gap, we find evidence for a multiband CDW in 2H-NbSe2. This CDW not only involves the opening of a gap on the inner band around the K-point, but also on the outer band. This leads to spatially out-of-phase charge modulations from electrons on these two bands, which we detect through a characteristic energy dependence of the CDW contrast in STM images. While multiband superconductivity is the subject of extensive studies, the possibility of multiband charge density waves (CDW) remains elusive. Here, the authors report evidence of gap opening on both inner and outer bands by a CDW state in 2H-NbSe2, suggesting a possible multiband CDW.
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8
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Kabiraj A, Mahapatra S. Machine-Intelligence-Driven High-Throughput Prediction of 2D Charge Density Wave Phases. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:6291-6298. [PMID: 32698581 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Charge density wave (CDW) materials are an important subclass of two-dimensional materials exhibiting significant resistivity switching with the application of external energy. However, the scarcity of such materials impedes their practical applications in nanoelectronics. Here we combine a first-principles-based structure-searching technique and unsupervised machine learning to develop a fully automated high-throughput computational framework, which identifies CDW phases from a unit cell with inherited Kohn anomaly. The proposed methodology not only rediscovers the known CDW phases but also predicts a host of easily exfoliable CDW materials (30 materials and 114 phases) along with associated electronic structures. Among many promising candidates, we pay special attention to ZrTiSe4 and conduct a comprehensive analysis to gain insight into the Fermi surface nesting, which causes significant semiconducting gap opening in its CDW phase. Our findings could provide useful guidelines for experimentalists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Kabiraj
- Nano-Scale Device Research Laboratory, Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science (IISc) Bangalore, Bangalore - 560012, India
| | - Santanu Mahapatra
- Nano-Scale Device Research Laboratory, Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science (IISc) Bangalore, Bangalore - 560012, India
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9
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Yokoi M, Fujiwara S, Kawamura T, Arakawa T, Aoyama K, Fukuyama H, Kobayashi K, Niimi Y. Negative resistance state in superconducting NbSe 2 induced by surface acoustic waves. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/34/eaba1377. [PMID: 32937360 PMCID: PMC7442479 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba1377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report a negative resistance, namely, a voltage drop along the opposite direction of a current flow, in the superconducting gap of NbSe2 thin films under the irradiation of surface acoustic waves (SAWs). The amplitude of the negative resistance becomes larger by increasing the SAW power and decreasing temperature. As one possible scenario, we propose that soliton-antisoliton pairs in the charge density wave of NbSe2 modulated by the SAW serve as a time-dependent capacitance in the superconducting state, leading to the dc negative resistance. The present experimental result would provide a previously unexplored way to examine nonequilibrium manipulation of the superconductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Yokoi
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujiwara
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kawamura
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Tomonori Arakawa
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan
- Center for Spin Research Network, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kazushi Aoyama
- Department of Earth and Space Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fukuyama
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Cryogenic Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kobayashi
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Institute for Physics of Intelligence, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Niimi
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan.
- Center for Spin Research Network, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan
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10
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Oh E, Gye G, Yeom HW. Defect-Selective Charge-Density-Wave Condensation in 2H-NbSe_{2}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:036804. [PMID: 32745437 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.036804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Defects have been known to substantially affect quantum states of materials including charge density wave (CDW). However, the microscopic mechanism of the influence of defects is often elusive due partly to the lack of atomic scale characterization of defects themselves. We investigate native defects of a prototypical CDW material 2H-NbSe_{2} and their microscopic interaction with CDW. Three prevailing types of atomic scale defects are classified by scanning tunneling microscope, and their atomic structures are identified by density functional theory calculations as Se vacancies and Nb intercalants. Above the transition temperature, two distinct CDW structures are found to be induced selectively by different types of defects. This intriguing phenomenon is explained by competing CDW ground states and local lattice strain fields induced by defects, providing a clear microscopic mechanism of the defect-CDW interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunseok Oh
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea and Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeongcheol Gye
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea and Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Woong Yeom
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea and Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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11
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Lim S, Kim J, Won C, Cheong SW. Atomic-Scale Observation of Topological Vortices in the Incommensurate Charge Density Wave of 2H-TaSe 2. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:4801-4808. [PMID: 32496066 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It has been only recently realized that topological vortices associated with structural distortions or ordered spins are rather common in numerous materials where long-range interactions are not dominant. Incommensurate modulations that frequently occur in charge density wave (CDW) materials are often understood in terms of discommensurations with a periodic phase shift. The accumulation of a one-dimensional (1D) phase shift can result in, for example, CDW dislocations in 2H-TaSe2 with incommensurate CDW (I-CDW). Since any atomic-scale experimental investigation of CDW dislocations in 2H-TaSe2 has been lacking, we have performed the atomic-scale observation of 2H-TaSe2 with I-CDW, stabilized with Pd intercalation or strain, with scanning probe microscopy, and unveiled the existence of topological Z6 or Z4 vortices with topologically protected 2D winding movements of atomic displacement vectors. The discovery opens the ubiquitous nature of topological vortex domains and a new avenue to explore new facets of various incommensurate modulations or discommensurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongjoon Lim
- Rutgers Center for Emergent Materials and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Jaewook Kim
- Rutgers Center for Emergent Materials and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Choongjae Won
- Laboratory for Pohang Emergent Materials, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory and Max Plank POSTECH/KOREA Research Initiative, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Sang-Wook Cheong
- Rutgers Center for Emergent Materials and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
- Laboratory for Pohang Emergent Materials, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory and Max Plank POSTECH/KOREA Research Initiative, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
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12
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Smith TS, Ming F, Trabada DG, Gonzalez C, Soler-Polo D, Flores F, Ortega J, Weitering HH. Coupled Sublattice Melting and Charge-Order Transition in Two Dimensions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:097602. [PMID: 32202895 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.097602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional melting is one of the most fascinating and poorly understood phase transitions in nature. Theoretical investigations often point to a two-step melting scenario involving unbinding of topological defects at two distinct temperatures. Here, we report on a novel melting transition of a charge-ordered K-Sn alloy monolayer on a silicon substrate. Melting starts with short-range positional fluctuations in the K sublattice while maintaining long-range order, followed by longer-range K diffusion over small domains, and ultimately resulting in a molten sublattice. Concomitantly, the charge order of the Sn host lattice collapses in a multistep process with both displacive and order-disorder transition characteristics. Our combined experimental and theoretical analysis provides a rare insight into the atomistic processes of a multistep melting transition of a two-dimensional materials system.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Smith
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - F Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - D G Trabada
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, ES-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - C Gonzalez
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, ES-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - D Soler-Polo
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, ES-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - F Flores
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, ES-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Ortega
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, ES-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - H H Weitering
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
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13
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Liebhaber E, Acero González S, Baba R, Reecht G, Heinrich BW, Rohlf S, Rossnagel K, von Oppen F, Franke KJ. Yu-Shiba-Rusinov States in the Charge-Density Modulated Superconductor NbSe 2. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:339-344. [PMID: 31842547 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
NbSe2 is a remarkable superconductor in which charge-density order coexists with pairing correlations at low temperatures. Here, we study the interplay of magnetic adatoms and their Yu-Shiba-Rusinov (YSR) bound states with the charge density order. Exploiting the incommensurate nature of the charge-density wave (CDW), our measurements provide a thorough picture of how the CDW affects both the energies and the wave functions of the YSR states. Key features of the dependence of the YSR states on adsorption site relative to the CDW are explained by model calculations. Several properties make NbSe2 a promising substrate for realizing topological nanostructures. Our results will be important in designing such systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sebastian Rohlf
- Ruprecht-Haensel-Labor and Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik , Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel , 24098 Kiel , Germany
| | - Kai Rossnagel
- Ruprecht-Haensel-Labor and Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik , Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel , 24098 Kiel , Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
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