1
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Fu X, Liu Y, Lu J, Sun R. Order-disorder transition during shear thickening in bidisperse dense suspensions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 662:1044-1051. [PMID: 38387366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Shear thickening of multimodal suspensions has proven difficult to understand because the rheology depends largely on the microscopic details of stress-induced frictional contacts at different particle size distributions (PSDs). Our discrete particle simulations below a critical volume fraction ϕc over a broad range of shear rates and PSDs elucidate the basic mechanism of order-disorder transition. Around the theoretical optimal PSD (relative content of small particles ζ1= 0.26), particles order into a layered structure in the Newtonian regime. At the onset of shear thickening, this layered structure transforms to a disordered one, accompanied by an abrupt viscosity jump. Minor increase in large-large particle contacts after the order-disorder transition causes apparent increase in radial force along the compressional axis. Bidisperse suspensions with less regular but stable layered structure at ζ1= 0.50 show good fluidity in the shear thickening regime. This work shows that in inertial flows where particle collisions dominate, order-disorder transition could play an essential role in shear thickening for bidisperse suspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqiong Fu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China; Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518103, China
| | - Yanwei Liu
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jibao Lu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518103, China; Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Rong Sun
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518103, China; Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
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2
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Richards JA, Hodgson DJM, O'Neill RE, DeRosa ME, Poon WCK. Optimizing non-Newtonian fluids for impact protection of laminates. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2317832121. [PMID: 38412136 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2317832121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-Newtonian fluids can be used for the protection of flexible laminates. Understanding the coupling between the flow of the protecting fluid and the deformation of the protected solids is necessary in order to optimize this functionality. We present a scaling analysis of the problem based on a single coupling variable, the effective width of a squeeze flow between flat rigid plates, and predict that impact protection for laminates is optimized by using shear-thinning, and not shear-thickening, fluids. The prediction is verified experimentally by measuring the velocity and pressure in impact experiments. Our scaling analysis should be generically applicable for non-Newtonian fluid-solid interactions in diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Richards
- Edinburgh Complex Fluids Partnership, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, James Clerk Maxwell Building, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J M Hodgson
- Edinburgh Complex Fluids Partnership, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, James Clerk Maxwell Building, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - Rory E O'Neill
- Edinburgh Complex Fluids Partnership, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, James Clerk Maxwell Building, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - Michael E DeRosa
- Science and Technology Division, Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY 14831
| | - Wilson C K Poon
- Edinburgh Complex Fluids Partnership, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, James Clerk Maxwell Building, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
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3
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Zidi K, Texier BD, Gauthier G, Seguin A. Viscosimetric squeeze flow of suspensions. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2024; 47:17. [PMID: 38427109 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-024-00410-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The rheology of particle suspensions has been extensively explored in the case of a simple shear flow, but less in other flow configurations which are also important in practice. Here we investigate the behavior of a suspension in a squeeze flow, which we revisit using local pressure measurements to deduce the effective viscosity. The flow is generated by approaching a moving disk to a fixed wall at constant velocity in the low Reynolds number limit. We measure the evolution of the pressure field at the wall and deduce the effective viscosity from the radial pressure drop. After validation of our device using a Newtonian fluid, we measure the effective viscosity of a suspension for different squeezing speeds and volume fractions of particles. We find results in agreement with the Maron-Pierce law, an empirical expression for the viscosity of suspensions that was established for simple shear flows. We prove that this method to determine viscosity remains valid in the limit of large gap width. This makes it possible to study the rheology of suspensions within this limit and therefore suspensions composed of large particles, in contrast to Couette flow cells which require small gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zidi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire FAST, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - B Darbois Texier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire FAST, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - G Gauthier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire FAST, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - A Seguin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire FAST, 91405, Orsay, France.
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4
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Nabizadeh M, Nasirian F, Li X, Saraswat Y, Waheibi R, Hsiao LC, Bi D, Ravandi B, Jamali S. Network physics of attractive colloidal gels: Resilience, rigidity, and phase diagram. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316394121. [PMID: 38194451 PMCID: PMC10801866 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316394121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Colloidal gels exhibit solid-like behavior at vanishingly small fractions of solids, owing to ramified space-spanning networks that form due to particle-particle interactions. These networks give the gel its rigidity, and with stronger attractions the elasticity grows as well. The emergence of rigidity can be described through a mean field approach; nonetheless, fundamental understanding of how rigidity varies in gels of different attractions is lacking. Moreover, recovering an accurate gelation phase diagram based on the system's variables has been an extremely challenging task. Understanding the nature of colloidal clusters, and how rigidity emerges from their connections is key to controlling and designing gels with desirable properties. Here, we employ network analysis tools to interrogate and characterize the colloidal structures. We construct a particle-level network, having all the spatial coordinates of colloids with different attraction levels, and also identify polydisperse rigid fractal clusters using a Gaussian mixture model, to form a coarse-grained cluster network that distinctly shows main physical features of the colloidal gels. A simple mass-spring model then is used to recover quantitatively the elasticity of colloidal gels from these cluster networks. Interrogating the resilience of these gel networks shows that the elasticity of a gel (a dynamic property) is directly correlated to its cluster network's resilience (a static measure). Finally, we use the resilience investigations to devise [and experimentally validate] a fully resolved phase diagram for colloidal gelation, with a clear solid-liquid phase boundary using a single volume fraction of particles well beyond this phase boundary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nabizadeh
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA02215
| | - Farzaneh Nasirian
- Network Science Institute and Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA02215
| | - Xinzhi Li
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA02215
| | - Yug Saraswat
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC27606
| | - Rony Waheibi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC27606
| | - Lilian C. Hsiao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC27606
| | - Dapeng Bi
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA02215
| | - Babak Ravandi
- Network Science Institute and Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA02215
| | - Safa Jamali
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA02215
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5
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Kim H, Esser-Kahn AP, Rowan SJ, Jaeger HM. Stress-activated friction in sheared suspensions probed with piezoelectric nanoparticles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2310088120. [PMID: 38015840 PMCID: PMC10710073 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2310088120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of concentrated suspensions is non-Newtonian behavior, whereby the viscosity increases dramatically once a characteristic shear rate or stress is exceeded. Such strong shear thickening is thought to originate from a network of frictional particle-particle contact forces, which forms under sufficiently large stress, evolves dynamically, and adapts to changing loads. While there is much evidence from simulations for the emergence of this network during shear thickening, experimental confirmation has been difficult. Here, we use suspensions of piezoelectric nanoparticles and exploit the strong local stress focusing within the network to activate charge generation. This charging can then be detected in the measured ac conductance and serve as a signature of frictional contact formation. The direct link between stress-activated frictional particle interactions and piezoelectric suspension response is further demonstrated by tracking the emergence of structural memory in the contact network under oscillatory shear and by showing how stress-activated friction can drive mechano-transduction of chemical reactions with nonlinear reaction kinetics. Taken together, this makes the ac conductance of piezoelectric suspensions a sensitive in-situ reporter of the micromechanics associated with frictional interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojin Kim
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
- James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
| | - Aaron P. Esser-Kahn
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
| | - Stuart J. Rowan
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
- Chemical and Engineering Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL60439
| | - Heinrich M. Jaeger
- James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
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6
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Gauthier A, Ovarlez G, Colin A. Shear thickening in presence of adhesive contact forces: The singularity of cornstarch. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 650:1105-1112. [PMID: 37467639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS A number of dense particle suspensions experience a dramatic increase in viscosity with the shear stress, up to a solid-like response. This shear-thickening process is understood as a transition under flow of the nature of the contacts - from lubricated to frictional - between initially repellent particles. Most systems are now assumed to fit in with this scenario, which is questionable. EXPERIMENT Using an in-house pressure sensor array, we provide a spatio-temporal map of the normal stresses in the flows of two shear-thickening fluids: a stabilized calcium carbonate suspension, known to fit in with the standard scenario, and a cornstarch suspension, which spectacular thickening behavior remains poorly understood. FINDINGS We evidence in cornstarch a unique, stable heterogeneous structure, which moves in the velocity direction and does not appear in calcium carbonate. Its nature changes from a stress wave to a rolling solid jammed aggregate at high solid fraction and small gap width. The modeling of these heterogenities points to an adhesive force between cornstarch particles at high stress, also evidenced in microscopic measurements. Cornstarch being also attractive at low stress, it stands out of the classical shear-thickening frame, and might be part of a larger family of adhesive and attractive shear-thickening fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Gauthier
- MIE - Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI) UMR 8231, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, Paris, France.
| | | | - Annie Colin
- MIE - Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI) UMR 8231, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, Paris, France
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7
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Shivers JL, Sharma A, MacKintosh FC. Strain-Controlled Critical Slowing Down in the Rheology of Disordered Networks. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:178201. [PMID: 37955486 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.178201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Networks and dense suspensions frequently reside near a boundary between soft (or fluidlike) and rigid (or solidlike) regimes. Transitions between these regimes can be driven by changes in structure, density, or applied stress or strain. In general, near the onset or loss of rigidity in these systems, dissipation-limiting heterogeneous nonaffine rearrangements dominate the macroscopic viscoelastic response, giving rise to diverging relaxation times and power-law rheology. Here, we describe a simple quantitative relationship between nonaffinity and the excess viscosity. We test this nonaffinity-viscosity relationship computationally and demonstrate its rheological consequences in simulations of strained filament networks and dense suspensions. We also predict critical signatures in the rheology of semiflexible and stiff biopolymer networks near the strain stiffening transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan L Shivers
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Abhinav Sharma
- Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Institut Theorie der Polymere, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Fred C MacKintosh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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8
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Singh A, Saitoh K. Scaling relationships between viscosity and diffusivity in shear-thickening suspensions. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:6631-6640. [PMID: 37599580 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00510k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Dense suspensions often exhibit a dramatic response to large external deformation. The recent body of work has related this behavior to transition from an unconstrained lubricated state to a constrained frictional state. Here, we use numerical simulations to study the flow behavior and shear-induced diffusion of frictional non-Brownian spheres in two dimensions under simple shear flow. We first show that both viscosity η and diffusivity D/ of the particles increase under characteristic shear stress, which is associated with lubrication to frictional transition. Subsequently, we propose a one-to-one relationship between viscosity and diffusivity using the length scale ξ associated with the size of collective motions (rigid clusters) of the particles. We demonstrate that η and D/ are controlled by ξ in two distinct flow regimes, i.e. in the frictionless and frictional states, where the one-to-one relationship is described as a crossover from D/ ∼ η (frictionless) to η1/3 (frictional). We also confirm that the proposed power laws are insensitive to the interparticle friction and system size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinendra Singh
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
| | - Kuniyasu Saitoh
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan.
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9
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Monti A, Rosti ME. Dense bidisperse suspensions under non-homogeneous shear. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14310. [PMID: 37652962 PMCID: PMC10471770 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41587-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We study the rheological behaviour of bidisperse suspensions in three dimensions under a non-uniform shear flow, made by the superimposition of a linear shear and a sinusoidal disturbance. Our results show that (i) only a streamwise disturbance in the shear-plane alters the suspension dynamics by substantially reducing the relative viscosity, (ii) with the amplitude of the disturbance determining a threshold value for the effect to kick-in and its wavenumber controlling the amount of reduction and which of the two phases is affected. We show that, (iii) the rheological changes are caused by the effective separation of the two phases, with the large or small particles layering in separate regions. We provide a physical explanation of the phase separation process and of the conditions necessary to trigger it. We test the results in the whole flow curve, and we show that the mechanism remains substantially unaltered, with the only difference being the nature of the interactions between particles modified by the phase separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Monti
- Complex Fluids and Flows Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan.
| | - Marco Edoardo Rosti
- Complex Fluids and Flows Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan.
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10
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Pradipto, Hayakawa H. Effective viscosity and elasticity in dense suspensions under impact: Toward a modeling of walking on suspensions. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:024604. [PMID: 37723712 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.024604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The elastic response of dense suspensions under an impact is studied using coupled lattice Boltzmann method and discrete element method (LBM-DEM) and its reduced model. We succeed to extract the elastic force acting on the impactor in dense suspensions, which can exist even in the absence of percolating clusters of suspended particles. We then propose a reduced model to describe the motion of the impactor and demonstrate its relevancy through the comparison of the solution of the reduced model and that of LBM-DEM. Furthermore, we illustrate that the perturbation analysis of the reduced model captures the short-time behavior of the impactor motion quantitatively. We apply this reduced model to the impact of a foot-spring-body system on a dense suspension, which is the minimal model to realize walking on the suspension. Due to the spring force of the system and the stiffness of the suspension, the foot undergoes multiple bounces. We also study the parameter dependencies of the hopping motion and find that multiple bounces are suppressed as the spring stiffness increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradipto
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
- Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-Cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hisao Hayakawa
- Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-Cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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11
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Niggel V, Bailey MR, van Baalen C, Zosso N, Isa L. 3-D rotation tracking from 2-D images of spherical colloids with textured surfaces. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:3069-3079. [PMID: 37043248 PMCID: PMC10155603 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00076a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Tracking the three-dimensional rotation of colloidal particles is essential to elucidate many open questions, e.g. concerning the contact interactions between particles under flow, or the way in which obstacles and neighboring particles affect self-propulsion in active suspensions. In order to achieve rotational tracking, optically anisotropic particles are required. We synthesise here rough spherical colloids that present randomly distributed fluorescent asperities and track their motion under different experimental conditions. Specifically, we propose a new algorithm based on a 3-D rotation registration, which enables us to track the 3-D rotation of our rough colloids at short time-scales, using time series of 2-D images acquired at high frame rates with a conventional wide-field microscope. The method is based on the image correlation between a reference image and rotated 3-D prospective images to identify the most likely angular displacements between frames. We first validate our approach against simulated data and then apply it to the cases of: particles flowing through a capillary, freely diffusing at solid-liquid and liquid-liquid interfaces, and self-propelling above a substrate. By demonstrating the applicability of our algorithm and sharing the code, we hope to encourage further investigations in the rotational dynamics of colloidal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Niggel
- Laboratory for Soft Materials and Interfaces, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Maximilian R Bailey
- Laboratory for Soft Materials and Interfaces, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Carolina van Baalen
- Laboratory for Soft Materials and Interfaces, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Nino Zosso
- Laboratory for Soft Materials and Interfaces, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Lucio Isa
- Laboratory for Soft Materials and Interfaces, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
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12
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Chen C, van der Naald M, Singh A, Dolinski ND, Jackson GL, Jaeger HM, Rowan SJ, de Pablo JJ. Leveraging the Polymer Glass Transition to Access Thermally Switchable Shear Jamming Suspensions. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:639-647. [PMID: 37122459 PMCID: PMC10141574 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c01338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Suspensions of polymeric nano- and microparticles are fascinating stress-responsive material systems that, depending on their composition, can display a diverse range of flow properties under shear, such as drastic thinning, thickening, and even jamming (reversible solidification driven by shear). However, investigations to date have almost exclusively focused on nonresponsive particles, which do not allow in situ tuning of the flow properties. Polymeric materials possess rich phase transitions that can be directly tuned by their chemical structures, which has enabled researchers to engineer versatile adaptive materials that can respond to targeted external stimuli. Reported herein are suspensions of (readily prepared) micrometer-sized polymeric particles with accessible glass transition temperatures (T g) designed to thermally control their non-Newtonian rheology. The underlying mechanical stiffness and interparticle friction between particles change dramatically near T g. Capitalizing on these properties, it is shown that, in contrast to conventional systems, a dramatic and nonmonotonic change in shear thickening occurs as the suspensions transition through the particles' T g. This straightforward strategy enables the in situ turning on (or off) of the system's ability to shear jam by varying the temperature relative to T g and lays the groundwork for other types of stimuli-responsive jamming systems through polymer chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuqiao Chen
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | | | - Abhinendra Singh
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- James
Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department
of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Neil D. Dolinski
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Grayson L. Jackson
- James
Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Heinrich M. Jaeger
- Department
of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- James
Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Stuart J. Rowan
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Center
for
Molecular Engineering, Argonne National
Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
- E-mail:
| | - Juan J. de Pablo
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Center
for
Molecular Engineering, Argonne National
Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
- E-mail:
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13
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Kato AN, Jiang Y, Chen W, Seto R, Li T. How surface roughness affects the interparticle interactions at a liquid interface. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 641:492-498. [PMID: 36948104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Colloidal particles can be trapped at a liquid interface, which reduces the energetically costly interfacial area. Once at an interface, colloids undergo various self-assemblies and structural transitions due to shape-dependent interparticle interactions. Particles with rough surfaces receive increasing attention and have been applied in material design, such as Pickering emulsions and shear-thickening materials. However, the roughness effects on the interactions at a liquid interface remain less understood. EXPERIMENTS Experimentally, particles with four surface roughnesses were designed and compared via isotherm measurements upon a uniaxial compression. At each stage of the compression, micrographic observations were conducted via the Blodgett method. Numerically, the compression of monolayer was simulated by using Langevin dynamics. Rough colloids were modelled as particles with capillary attraction and tangential constraints. FINDINGS Sufficiently rough systems exhibit a non-trivial intermediate state between a gas-like state and a close-packed jamming state. This state is understood as a gel state due to roughness-induced capillary attraction. Roughness-induced friction lowers the jamming point. Furthermore, the tangential contact force owing to surface asperities can cause a gradual off-plane collapse of the compressed monolayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airi N Kato
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, Zhejiang, China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou 325001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yujie Jiang
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Engineering, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, Zhejiang, China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou 325001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, Zhejiang, China; Department of Physics, The City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Ryohei Seto
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Engineering, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, Zhejiang, China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou 325001, Zhejiang, China; Graduate School of Information Science, University of Hyogo, Kobe 650-0047, Hyogo, Japan.
| | - Tao Li
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, Zhejiang, China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou 325001, Zhejiang, China.
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14
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A comprehensive comparison of Two-Fluid Model, Discrete Element Method and experiments for the simulation of single- and multiple-spout fluidized beds. Chem Eng Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.118357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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C K S, Majumdar S, Sood AK. Shear jamming and fragility in fractal suspensions under confinement. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:8813-8819. [PMID: 36367113 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01080a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Under applied stress, the viscosity of many dense particulate suspensions increases drastically, a response known as discontinuous shear-thickening (DST). In some cases, the applied stress can even transform the suspension into a solid-like shear jammed state. Although shear jamming (SJ) has been probed for dense suspensions with particles having well-defined shapes, such a phenomenon for fractal objects has not been explored. Here, using rheology and in situ optical imaging, we study the flow behaviour of ultra-dilute fractal suspensions of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) under confinement. We show a direct transition from flowing to SJ state without a precursory DST in fractal suspensions at an onset volume fraction, ϕ ∼ 0.5%, significantly lower than that of conventional dense suspensions (ϕ ∼ 55%). The ultra-low concentration enables us to demonstrate the fragility and associated contact dynamics of the SJ state, which remain experimentally unexplored in suspensions. Furthermore, using a generalized Wyart-Cates model, we propose a generic phase diagram for fractal suspensions that captures the possibility of SJ without prior DST over a wide range of shear stress and volume fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika C K
- Soft Condensed Matter Group, Raman Research Institute, Bengaluru 560080, India.
| | - Sayantan Majumdar
- Soft Condensed Matter Group, Raman Research Institute, Bengaluru 560080, India.
| | - A K Sood
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
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16
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Abbasi Moud A. Chiral Liquid Crystalline Properties of Cellulose Nanocrystals: Fundamentals and Applications. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:30673-30699. [PMID: 36092570 PMCID: PMC9453985 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
By using an independent self-assembly process that is occasionally controlled by evaporation, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) may create films (pure or in conjunction with other materials) that have iridescent structural colors. The self-forming chiral nematic structures and environmental safety of a new class of photonic liquid crystals (LCs), referred to as CNCs and CNC-embedded materials, make them simple to make and treat. The structure of the matrix interacts with light to give structural coloring, as opposed to other dye pigments, which interact with light by adsorption and reflection. Understanding how CNC self-assembly constructs structures is vital in several fields, including physics, science, and engineering. To constructure this review, the colloidal characteristics of CNC particles and their behavior during the formation of liquid crystals and gelling were studied. Then, some of the recognized applications for these naturally occurring nanoparticles were summarized. Different factors were considered, including the CNC aspect ratio, surface chemistry, concentration, the amount of time needed to produce an anisotropic phase, and the addition of additional substances to the suspension medium. The effects of alignment and the drying process conditions on structural changes are also covered. The focus of this study however is on the optical properties of the films as well as the impact of the aforementioned factors on the final transparency, iridescent colors, and versus the overall response of these bioinspired photonic materials. Control of the examined factors was found to be necessary to produce reliable materials for optoelectronics, intelligent inks and papers, transparent flexible support for electronics, and decorative coatings and films.
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17
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Allard J, Burgers S, Rodríguez González MC, Zhu Y, De Feyter S, Koos E. Effects of particle roughness on the rheology and structure of capillary suspensions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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18
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Nabizadeh M, Singh A, Jamali S. Structure and Dynamics of Force Clusters and Networks in Shear Thickening Suspensions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:068001. [PMID: 36018641 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.068001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dense suspensions can exhibit shear thickening in response to large deformation. A consensus has emerged over the past few years on the formation of force networks, that span the entire system size, that lead to increased resistance to motion. Nonetheless, the characteristics of these networks are to a large extent poorly understood. Here, force networks formed in continuous and discontinuous shear thickening dense suspensions (CST and DST, respectively) are studied. We first show the evolution of the network formation and its topological heterogeneities as the applied stress increases. Subsequently, we identify force communities and coarse grain the suspension into a cluster network, and show that cluster-level dynamics are responsible for stark differences between the CST and DST behavior. Our results suggest that the force clusters formed in the DST regime are considerably more constrained in their motion, while CST clusters are loosely connected to their surrounding clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nabizadeh
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Abhinendra Singh
- James Franck Institute and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Safa Jamali
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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19
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In Situ Observation of Shear-Induced Jamming Front Propagation during Low-Velocity Impact in Polypropylene Glycol/Fumed Silica Shear Thickening Fluids. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142768. [PMID: 35890543 PMCID: PMC9322945 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Shear jamming, a relatively new type of phase transition from discontinuous shear thickening into a solid-like state driven by shear in dense suspensions, has been shown to originate from frictional interactions between particles. However, not all dense suspensions shear jam. Dense fumed silica colloidal systems have wide applications in the industry of smart materials from body armor to dynamic dampers due to extremely low bulk density and high colloid stability. In this paper, we provide new evidence of shear jamming in polypropylene glycol/fumed silica suspensions using optical in situ speed recording during low-velocity impact and explain how it contributes to impact absorption. Flow rheology confirmed the presence of discontinuous shear thickening at all studied concentrations. Calculations of the flow during impact reveal that front propagation speed is 3–5 times higher than the speed of the impactor rod, which rules out jamming by densification, showing that the cause of the drastic impact absorption is the shear jamming. The main impact absorption begins when the jamming front reaches the boundary, creating a solid-like plug under the rod that confronts its movement. These results provide important insights into the impact absorption mechanism in fumed silica suspensions with a focus on shear jamming.
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20
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Barik S, Majumdar S. Origin of Two Distinct Stress Relaxation Regimes in Shear Jammed Dense Suspensions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:258002. [PMID: 35802438 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.258002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many dense particulate suspensions show a stress induced transformation from a liquidlike state to a solidlike shear jammed (SJ) state. However, the underlying particle-scale dynamics leading to such striking, reversible transition of the bulk remains unknown. Here, we study transient stress relaxation behaviour of SJ states formed by a well-characterized dense suspension under a step strain perturbation. We observe a strongly nonexponential relaxation that develops a sharp discontinuous stress drop at short time for high enough peak-stress values. High resolution boundary imaging and normal stress measurements confirm that such stress discontinuity originates from the localized plastic events, whereas system spanning dilation controls the slower relaxation process. We also find an intriguing correlation between the nature of transient relaxation and the steady-state shear jamming phase diagram obtained from the Wyart-Cates model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachidananda Barik
- Soft Condensed Matter Group, Raman Research Institute, Bangalore 560080, Karnataka, India
| | - Sayantan Majumdar
- Soft Condensed Matter Group, Raman Research Institute, Bangalore 560080, Karnataka, India
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21
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Wright CJ, Wilkinson PJ, Gaulter SE, Fossey D, Burn AO, Gill PP. Is ResonantAcoustic Mixing® (RAM) a Game Changer for Manufacturing Solid Composite Rocket Propellants? PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.202100146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter J. Wilkinson
- Centre for Defence Chemistry Cranfield University Defence Academy of the United Kingdom Shrivenham SN6 8LA UK
| | - Sally E. Gaulter
- Centre for Defence Chemistry Cranfield University Defence Academy of the United Kingdom Shrivenham SN6 8LA UK
| | - Donald Fossey
- The Falcon Project Ltd Westcott, Aylesbury HP18 0XB UK
| | | | - Philip P. Gill
- ROXEL (UK Rocket Motors) Ltd Summerfield Ln Kidderminster DY11 7RZ UK
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22
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Clemmer JT, Srivastava I, Grest GS, Lechman JB. Shear Is Not Always Simple: Rate-Dependent Effects of Flow Type on Granular Rheology. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:268003. [PMID: 35029501 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.268003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite there being an infinite variety of types of flow, most rheological studies focus on a single type such as simple shear. Using discrete element simulations, we explore bulk granular systems in a wide range of flow types at large strains and characterize invariants of the stress tensor for different inertial numbers and interparticle friction coefficients. We identify a strong dependence on the type of flow, which grows with increasing inertial number or friction. Standard models of yielding, repurposed to describe the dependence of the stress on flow type in steady-state flow and at finite rates, are compared with data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel T Clemmer
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - Ishan Srivastava
- Center for Computational Sciences and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Gary S Grest
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - Jeremy B Lechman
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
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23
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Kozlowski R, Zheng H, Daniels KE, Socolar JES. Stress propagation in locally loaded packings of disks and pentagons. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:10120-10127. [PMID: 34726678 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01137e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical strength and flow of granular materials can depend strongly on the shapes of individual grains. We report quantitative results obtained from photoelasticimetry experiments on locally loaded, quasi-two-dimensional granular packings of either disks or pentagons exhibiting stick-slip dynamics. Packings of pentagons resist the intruder at significantly lower packing fractions than packings of disks, transmitting stresses from the intruder to the boundaries over a smaller spatial extent. Moreover, packings of pentagons feature significantly fewer back-bending force chains than packings of disks. Data obtained on the forward spatial extent of stresses and back-bending force chains collapse when the packing fraction is rescaled according to the packing fraction of steady state open channel formation, though data on intruder forces and dynamics do not collapse. We comment on the influence of system size on these findings and highlight connections with the dynamics of the disks and pentagons during slip events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Kozlowski
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.
| | - Hu Zheng
- Department of Geotechnical Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Karen E Daniels
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Joshua E S Socolar
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.
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24
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Liu X, Lefever JA, Lee D, Zhang J, Carpick RW, Li J. Friction and Adhesion Govern Yielding of Disordered Nanoparticle Packings: A Multiscale Adhesive Discrete Element Method Study. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:7989-7997. [PMID: 34569799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that amorphous materials, from granular packings to atomic glasses, share multiple striking similarities, including a universal onset strain level for yield. This is despite vast differences in length scales and in the constituent particles' interactions. However, the nature of localized particle rearrangements is not well understood, and how local interactions affect overall performance remains unknown. Here, we introduce a multiscale adhesive discrete element method to simulate recent novel experiments of disordered nanoparticle packings indented and imaged with single nanoparticle resolution. The simulations exhibit multiple behaviors matching the experiments. By directly monitoring spatial rearrangements and interparticle bonding/debonding under the packing's surface, we uncover the mechanisms of the yielding and hardening phenomena observed in experiments. Interparticle friction and adhesion synergistically toughen the packings and retard plastic deformation. Moreover, plasticity can result from bond switching without particle rearrangements. These results furnish insights for understanding yielding in amorphous materials generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Liu
- Institute of Materials Modification and Modeling, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Materials Genome Initiative Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Joel A Lefever
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Robert W Carpick
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ju Li
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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25
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Pradeep S, Nabizadeh M, Jacob AR, Jamali S, Hsiao LC. Jamming Distance Dictates Colloidal Shear Thickening. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:158002. [PMID: 34678008 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.158002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report experimental and computational observations of dynamic contact networks for colloidal suspensions undergoing shear thickening. The dense suspensions are comprised of sterically stabilized poly(methyl methacrylate) colloids that are spherically symmetric and have varied surface roughness. Confocal rheometry and dissipative particle dynamics simulations show that the shear thickening strength β scales exponentially with the scaled deficit contact number and the scaled jamming distance. Rough colloids, which experience additional rotational constraints, require an average of 1.5-2 fewer particle contacts as compared to smooth colloids, in order to generate the same β. This is because the surface roughness enhances geometric friction in such a way that the rough colloids do not experience a large change in the free volume near the jamming point. The available free volume for colloids of different roughness is related to the deficiency from the maximum number of nearest neighbors at jamming under shear. Our results further suggest that the force per contact is different for particles with different morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shravan Pradeep
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Mohammad Nabizadeh
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Alan R Jacob
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Safa Jamali
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Lilian C Hsiao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
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26
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Ilhan B, Mugele F, Duits MHG. Roughness induced rotational slowdown near the colloidal glass transition. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 607:1709-1716. [PMID: 34592556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.08.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS In concentrated suspensions, the dynamics of colloids are strongly influenced by the shape and topographical surface characteristics of the particles. As the particles get into close proximity, surface roughness alters the translational and rotational Brownian motions in different ways. Eventually, the rotations will get frustrated due to geometric hindrance from interacting asperities. EXPERIMENTS We use model raspberry-like colloids to study the effect of roughness on the translational and rotational dynamics. Using Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy and particle tracking, we simultaneously resolve the two types of Brownian motion and obtain the corresponding Mean Squared Displacements for varying concentrations up to the maximum packing fraction. FINDINGS Roughness not only lowers the concentration of the translational colloidal glass transition, but also generates a broad concentration range in which the rotational Brownian motion changes signature from high-amplitude diffusive to low-amplitude rattling. This hitherto not reported second glass transition for rough spherical colloids emerges when the particle intersurface distance becomes comparable to the roughness length scale. Our work provides a unifying understanding of the surface characteristics' effect on the rotational dynamics during glass formation and provides a microscopic foundation for many roughness-related macroscale phenomena in nature and technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beybin Ilhan
- Physics of Complex Fluids, Faculty of Science and Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, the Netherlands.
| | - Frieder Mugele
- Physics of Complex Fluids, Faculty of Science and Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, the Netherlands
| | - Michael H G Duits
- Physics of Complex Fluids, Faculty of Science and Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, the Netherlands.
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27
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Giusteri GG, Seto R. Shear Jamming and Fragility of Suspensions in a Continuum Model with Elastic Constraints. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:138001. [PMID: 34623835 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.138001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Under an applied traction, highly concentrated suspensions of solid particles in fluids can turn from a state in which they flow to a state in which they counteract the traction as an elastic solid: a shear-jammed state. Remarkably, the suspension can turn back to the flowing state simply by inverting the traction. A tensorial model is presented and tested in paradigmatic cases. We show that, to reproduce the phenomenology of shear jamming in generic geometries, it is necessary to link this effect to the elastic response supported by the suspension microstructure rather than to a divergence of the viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio G Giusteri
- Dipartimento di Matematica, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Trieste 63, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Ryohei Seto
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China; and The Graduate School of Information Science, University of Hyogo, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
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28
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Wang D, Nejadsadeghi N, Li Y, Shekhar S, Misra A, Dijksman JA. Rotational diffusion and rotational correlations in frictional amorphous disk packings under shear. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:7844-7852. [PMID: 34323255 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00525a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We show here that rotations of round particles in amorphous disk packing reveal various nontrivial microscopic features when the packing is close to rigidification. We analyze experimental measurements on disk packing subjected to simple shear deformation with various inter-particle friction coefficients and across a range of volume fractions where the system is known to stiffen. The analysis of measurements indicates that shear induces diffusive microrotation, that can be both enhanced and suppressed depending upon the volume fraction as well as the inter-particle friction. Rotations also display persistent anticorrelated motion. Spatial correlations in microrotation are observed to be directly correlated with system pressure. These observations point towards the broader mechanical relevance of collective dynamics in the rotational degree of freedom of particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Physics & Center for Non-linear and Complex Systems, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
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29
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More RV, Ardekani AM. Unifying disparate rate-dependent rheological regimes in non-Brownian suspensions. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:062610. [PMID: 34271688 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.062610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A typical dense non-Brownian particulate suspension exhibits shear thinning (decreasing viscosity) at low shear rate or stress followed by a Newtonian plateau (constant viscosity) at intermediate shear rate or stress values which transitions to shear thickening (increasing viscosity) beyond a critical shear rate or stress value and finally undergoes a second shear thinning transition at extremely high shear rate or stress values. In this study, we unify and quantitatively reproduce all the disparate rate-dependent regimes and the corresponding transitions for a dense non-Brownian suspension with increasing shear rate or stress. We employ discrete particle dynamics simulations based on the proposed mechanism to elucidate its accuracy. We find that a competition between interparticle interactions of hydrodynamic and nonhydrodynamic origins and the switching in the dominant stress scale with increasing the shear rate or stress lead to each of the above transitions. Inclusion of traditional hydrodynamic interactions, attractive or repulsive Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) interactions the interparticle contact interactions, and a constant friction (or other constraint mechanism) reproduces the initial thinning as well as the shear thickening transition. However, to quantitatively capture the intermediate Newtonian plateau and the second shear thinning, an additional nonhydrodynamic interaction of non-DLVO origin and a decreasing coefficient of friction, respectively, are essential, thus providing an explanation for the presence of the intermediate Newtonian plateau along with reproducing the second shear thinning in a single framework. Expressions utilized for various interactions and friction are determined from experimental measurements and hence result in excellent quantitative agreement between the simulations and previous experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- R V More
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - A M Ardekani
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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30
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Saitoh K. The role of friction in statistics and scaling laws of avalanches. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2021; 44:85. [PMID: 34165652 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-021-00089-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigate statistics and scaling laws of avalanches in two-dimensional frictional particles by numerical simulations. We find that the critical exponent for avalanche size distributions is governed by microscopic friction between the particles in contact, where the exponent is larger and closer to mean-field predictions if the friction coefficient is finite. We reveal that microscopic "slips" between frictional particles induce numerous small avalanches which increase the slope, as well as the power-law exponent, of avalanche size distributions. We also analyze statistics and scaling laws of the avalanche duration and maximum stress drop rates, and examine power spectra of stress drop rates. Our numerical results suggest that the microscopic friction is a key ingredient of mean-field descriptions and plays a crucial role in avalanches observed in real materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniyasu Saitoh
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kyoto Sangyo University, Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan.
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31
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Kozlowski R, Zheng H, Daniels KE, Socolar JES. Particle dynamics in two-dimensional point-loaded granular media composed of circular or pentagonal grains. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202124906010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Granular packings exhibit significant changes in rheological and structural properties when the rotational symmetry of spherical or circular particles is broken. Here, we report on experiments exploring the differences in dynamics of a grain-scale intruder driven through a packing of either disks or pentagons, where the presence of edges and vertices on grains introduces the possibility of rotational constraints at edge-edge contacts. We observe that the intruder’s stick-slip dynamics are comparable between the disk packing near the frictional jamming fraction and the pentagonal packing at significantly lower packing fractions. We connect this stark contrast in packing fraction with the average speed and rotation fields of grains during slip events, finding that rotation of pentagons is limited and the flow of pentagonal grains is largely confined in front of the intruder, whereas disks rotate more on average and circulate around the intruder to fill the open channel behind it. Our results indicate that grain-scale rotation constraints significantly modify collective motion of grains on mesoscopic scales and correspondingly enhance resistance to penetration of a local intruder.
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32
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Cabiscol R, Jansen T, Marigo M, Ness C. Application of hydrodynamic lubrication in discrete element method (DEM) simulations of wet bead milling chambers. POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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33
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van der Naald M, Zhao L, Jackson GL, Jaeger HM. The role of solvent molecular weight in shear thickening and shear jamming. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:3144-3152. [PMID: 33600547 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01350a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The application of stress can drive a dense suspension into a regime of highly non-Newtonian response, characterized by discontinuous shear thickening (DST) and potentially shear jamming (SJ), due to the formation of a frictionally stabilized contact network. Investigating how the molecular weight of the suspending solvent affects the frictional particle-particle interactions, we report on experiments with suspensions of fumed silica particles in polyethylene glycol (PEG). Focusing on the monomer-to-oligomer limit, with n = 1 to 8 ethylene oxide repeat units, we find that increasing n enhances shear thickening under steady-state shear and even elicits rapidly propagating shear jamming fronts, as assessed by high-speed ultrasound imaging of impact experiments. We associate this behavior with a weakening of the solvation layers surrounding the particles as n is increased, which thereby facilitates the formation of frictional contacts. We argue that for n larger than the monomer-to-oligomer limit the trend reverses and frictional interactions are diminished, as observed in prior experiments. This reversal occurs because the polymeric solvent transitions from being enthalpically bound to entropically bound to the particle surfaces, which strengthens solvation layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike van der Naald
- James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Hsu CP, Mandal J, Ramakrishna SN, Spencer ND, Isa L. Exploring the roles of roughness, friction and adhesion in discontinuous shear thickening by means of thermo-responsive particles. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1477. [PMID: 33674607 PMCID: PMC7935878 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21580-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Dense suspensions of colloidal or granular particles can display pronounced non-Newtonian behaviour, such as discontinuous shear thickening and shear jamming. The essential contribution of particle surface roughness and adhesive forces confirms that stress-activated frictional contacts can play a key role in these phenomena. Here, by employing a system of microparticles coated by responsive polymers, we report experimental evidence that the relative contributions of friction, adhesion, and surface roughness can be tuned in situ as a function of temperature. Modifying temperature during shear therefore allows contact conditions to be regulated, and discontinuous shear thickening to be switched on and off on demand. The macroscopic rheological response follows the dictates of independent single-particle characterization of adhesive and tribological properties, obtained by colloidal-probe atomic force microscopy. Our findings identify additional routes for the design of smart non-Newtonian fluids and open a way to more directly connect experiments to computational models of sheared suspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Peng Hsu
- Laboratory for Soft Materials and Interfaces, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joydeb Mandal
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Nicholas D Spencer
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lucio Isa
- Laboratory for Soft Materials and Interfaces, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Abaurrea-Velasco C, Lozano C, Bechinger C, de Graaf J. Autonomously Probing Viscoelasticity in Disordered Suspensions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:258002. [PMID: 33416358 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.258002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent experiments show a strong rotational diffusion enhancement for self-propelled microrheological probes in colloidal glasses. Here, we provide microscopic understanding using simulations with a frictional probe-medium coupling that converts active translation into rotation. Diffusive enhancement emerges from the medium's disordered structure and peaks at a second-order transition in the number of contacts. Our results reproduce the salient features of the colloidal glass experiment and support an effective description that is applicable to a broader class of viscoelastic suspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Abaurrea-Velasco
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Center for Extreme Matter and Emergent Phenomena, Utrecht University,Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Celia Lozano
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Clemens Bechinger
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Joost de Graaf
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Center for Extreme Matter and Emergent Phenomena, Utrecht University,Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
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Nie P, Chattoraj J, Piscitelli A, Doyle P, Ni R, Ciamarra MP. Frictional active Brownian particles. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:032612. [PMID: 33076034 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.032612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Frictional forces affect the rheology of hard-sphere colloids, at high shear rate. Here we demonstrate, via numerical simulations, that they also affect the dynamics of active Brownian particles and their motility-induced phase separation. Frictional forces increase the angular diffusivity of the particles, in the dilute phase, and prevent colliding particles from resolving their collision by sliding one past to the other. This leads to qualitatively changes of motility-induced phase diagram in the volume-fraction motility plane. While frictionless systems become unstable towards phase separation as the motility increases only if their volume fraction overcomes a threshold, frictional systems become unstable regardless of their volume fraction. These results suggest the possibility of controlling the motility-induced phase diagram by tuning the roughness of the particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Nie
- School of Physical and Mathematical Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Joyjit Chattoraj
- School of Physical and Mathematical Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Antonio Piscitelli
- School of Physical and Mathematical Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- CNR-SPIN, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Patrick Doyle
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore 138602, Singapore
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Ran Ni
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Massimo Pica Ciamarra
- School of Physical and Mathematical Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- CNR-SPIN, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Naples, Italy
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Santos AP, Bolintineanu DS, Grest GS, Lechman JB, Plimpton SJ, Srivastava I, Silbert LE. Granular packings with sliding, rolling, and twisting friction. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:032903. [PMID: 33076001 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.032903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Intuition tells us that a rolling or spinning sphere will eventually stop due to the presence of friction and other dissipative interactions. The resistance to rolling and spinning or twisting torque that stops a sphere also changes the microstructure of a granular packing of frictional spheres by increasing the number of constraints on the degrees of freedom of motion. We perform discrete element modeling simulations to construct sphere packings implementing a range of frictional constraints under a pressure-controlled protocol. Mechanically stable packings are achievable at volume fractions and average coordination numbers as low as 0.53 and 2.5, respectively, when the particles experience high resistance to sliding, rolling, and twisting. Only when the particle model includes rolling and twisting friction were experimental volume fractions reproduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Santos
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | | | - Gary S Grest
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - Jeremy B Lechman
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | | | - Ishan Srivastava
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - Leonardo E Silbert
- School of Math, Science and Engineering, Central New Mexico Community College, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, USA
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