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Wells L, Müller T, Stevenson RM, Skiba-Szymanska J, Ritchie DA, Shields AJ. Coherent light scattering from a telecom C-band quantum dot. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8371. [PMID: 38102132 PMCID: PMC10724139 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43757-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantum networks have the potential to transform secure communication via quantum key distribution and enable novel concepts in distributed quantum computing and sensing. Coherent quantum light generation at telecom wavelengths is fundamental for fibre-based network implementations, but Fourier-limited emission and subnatural linewidth photons have so far only been reported from systems operating in the visible to near-infrared wavelength range. Here, we use InAs/InP quantum dots to demonstrate photons with coherence times much longer than the Fourier limit at telecom wavelength via elastic scattering of excitation laser photons. Further, we show that even the inelastically scattered photons have coherence times within the error bars of the Fourier limit. Finally, we make direct use of the minimal attenuation in fibre for these photons by measuring two-photon interference after 25 km of fibre, demonstrating finite interference visibility for photons emitted about 100,000 excitation cycles apart.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wells
- Toshiba Research Europe Limited, 208 Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0GZ, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - T Müller
- Toshiba Research Europe Limited, 208 Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0GZ, UK.
| | - R M Stevenson
- Toshiba Research Europe Limited, 208 Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0GZ, UK
| | - J Skiba-Szymanska
- Toshiba Research Europe Limited, 208 Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0GZ, UK
| | - D A Ritchie
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - A J Shields
- Toshiba Research Europe Limited, 208 Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0GZ, UK
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2
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Cordier M, Schemmer M, Schneeweiss P, Volz J, Rauschenbeutel A. Tailoring Photon Statistics with an Atom-Based Two-Photon Interferometer. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:183601. [PMID: 37977631 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.183601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the photon statistics of light is paramount for quantum science and technologies. Recently, we demonstrated that transmitting resonant laser light past an ensemble of two-level emitters can result in a stream of single photons or excess photon pairs. This transformation is due to quantum interference between the transmitted laser light and the incoherently scattered photon pairs [Prasad et al., Nat. Photonics 14, 719 (2020)NPAHBY1749-488510.1038/s41566-020-0692-z]. Here, using the dispersion of the atomic medium, we actively control the relative quantum phase between these two components. We thereby realize a tunable two-photon interferometer and observe interference fringes in the normalized photon coincidence rate. When tuning the relative phase, the coincidence rate varies periodically, giving rise to a continuous modification of the photon statistics from antibunching to bunching. Beyond the fundamental insight that there exists a tunable quantum phase between incoherent and coherent light that dictates the photon statistics, our results lend themselves to the development of novel quantum light sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Cordier
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Max Schemmer
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Schneeweiss
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Volz
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arno Rauschenbeutel
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
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3
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Chanana A, Larocque H, Moreira R, Carolan J, Guha B, Melo EG, Anant V, Song J, Englund D, Blumenthal DJ, Srinivasan K, Davanco M. Ultra-low loss quantum photonic circuits integrated with single quantum emitters. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7693. [PMID: 36509782 PMCID: PMC9744872 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35332-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The scaling of many photonic quantum information processing systems is ultimately limited by the flux of quantum light throughout an integrated photonic circuit. Source brightness and waveguide loss set basic limits on the on-chip photon flux. While substantial progress has been made, separately, towards ultra-low loss chip-scale photonic circuits and high brightness single-photon sources, integration of these technologies has remained elusive. Here, we report the integration of a quantum emitter single-photon source with a wafer-scale, ultra-low loss silicon nitride photonic circuit. We demonstrate triggered and pure single-photon emission into a Si3N4 photonic circuit with ≈ 1 dB/m propagation loss at a wavelength of ≈ 930 nm. We also observe resonance fluorescence in the strong drive regime, showing promise towards coherent control of quantum emitters. These results are a step forward towards scaled chip-integrated photonic quantum information systems in which storing, time-demultiplexing or buffering of deterministically generated single-photons is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Chanana
- grid.94225.38000000012158463XMicrosystems and Nanotechnology Division, Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD USA ,grid.164295.d0000 0001 0941 7177Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics and Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA ,grid.421663.40000 0004 7432 9327Theiss Research, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Hugo Larocque
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Renan Moreira
- grid.133342.40000 0004 1936 9676Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA USA
| | - Jacques Carolan
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Present Address: Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Biswarup Guha
- grid.94225.38000000012158463XMicrosystems and Nanotechnology Division, Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD USA ,grid.94225.38000000012158463XJoint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
| | - Emerson G. Melo
- grid.94225.38000000012158463XMicrosystems and Nanotechnology Division, Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD USA ,grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Materials Engineering Department, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP Brazil
| | - Vikas Anant
- grid.505023.1Photon Spot, Inc., Monrovia, CA USA
| | - Jindong Song
- grid.35541.360000000121053345Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792 South Korea
| | - Dirk Englund
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Daniel J. Blumenthal
- grid.133342.40000 0004 1936 9676Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA USA
| | - Kartik Srinivasan
- grid.94225.38000000012158463XMicrosystems and Nanotechnology Division, Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD USA ,grid.94225.38000000012158463XJoint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
| | - Marcelo Davanco
- grid.94225.38000000012158463XMicrosystems and Nanotechnology Division, Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD USA
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4
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Cosacchi M, Seidelmann T, Cygorek M, Vagov A, Reiter DE, Axt VM. Accuracy of the Quantum Regression Theorem for Photon Emission from a Quantum Dot. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:100402. [PMID: 34533331 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.100402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The quantum regression theorem (QRT) is the most widely used tool for calculating multitime correlation functions for the assessment of quantum emitters. It is an approximate method based on a Markov assumption for environmental coupling. In this Letter we quantify properties of photons emitted from a single quantum dot coupled to phonons. For the single-photon purity and the indistinguishability, we compare numerically exact path-integral results with those obtained from the QRT. It is demonstrated that the QRT systematically overestimates the influence of the environment for typical quantum dots used in quantum information technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cosacchi
- Theoretische Physik III, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - T Seidelmann
- Theoretische Physik III, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - M Cygorek
- Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - A Vagov
- Theoretische Physik III, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - D E Reiter
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie, Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - V M Axt
- Theoretische Physik III, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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Vladimirova YV, Zadkov VN. Quantum Optics in Nanostructures. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1919. [PMID: 34443750 PMCID: PMC8398959 DOI: 10.3390/nano11081919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This review is devoted to the study of effects of quantum optics in nanostructures. The mechanisms by which the rates of radiative and nonradiative decay are modified are considered in the model of a two-level quantum emitter (QE) near a plasmonic nanoparticle (NP). The distributions of the intensity and polarization of the near field around an NP are analyzed, which substantially depend on the polarization of the external field and parameters of plasmon resonances of the NP. The effects of quantum optics in the system NP + QE plus external laser field are analyzed-modification of the resonance fluorescence spectrum of a QE in the near field, bunching/antibunching phenomena, quantum statistics of photons in the spectrum, formation of squeezed states of light, and quantum entangled states in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia V. Vladimirova
- Department of Physics and Quantum Technology Centre, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Physics, Higher School of Economics, Old Basmannya 21/4, 105066 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Victor N. Zadkov
- Faculty of Physics, Higher School of Economics, Old Basmannya 21/4, 105066 Moscow, Russia;
- Institute of Spectroscopy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Fizicheskaya Str. 5, Troitsk, 108840 Moscow, Russia
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6
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Hanschke L, Schweickert L, Carreño JCL, Schöll E, Zeuner KD, Lettner T, Casalengua EZ, Reindl M, da Silva SFC, Trotta R, Finley JJ, Rastelli A, Del Valle E, Laussy FP, Zwiller V, Müller K, Jöns KD. Origin of Antibunching in Resonance Fluorescence. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:170402. [PMID: 33156681 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.170402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Resonance fluorescence has played a major role in quantum optics with predictions and later experimental confirmation of nonclassical features of its emitted light such as antibunching or squeezing. In the Rayleigh regime where most of the light originates from the scattering of photons with subnatural linewidth, antibunching would appear to coexist with sharp spectral lines. Here, we demonstrate that this simultaneous observation of subnatural linewidth and antibunching is not possible with simple resonant excitation. Using an epitaxial quantum dot for the two-level system, we independently confirm the single-photon character and subnatural linewidth by demonstrating antibunching in a Hanbury Brown and Twiss type setup and using high-resolution spectroscopy, respectively. However, when filtering the coherently scattered photons with filter bandwidths on the order of the homogeneous linewidth of the excited state of the two-level system, the antibunching dip vanishes in the correlation measurement. Our observation is explained by antibunching originating from photon-interferences between the coherent scattering and a weak incoherent signal in a skewed squeezed state. This prefigures schemes to achieve simultaneous subnatural linewidth and antibunched emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Hanschke
- Walter Schottky Institut and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Lucas Schweickert
- Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juan Camilo López Carreño
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Schöll
- Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katharina D Zeuner
- Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Lettner
- Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Marcus Reindl
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | | | - Rinaldo Trotta
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale A. Moro 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Jonathan J Finley
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 Munich, Germany
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physik Department, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Armando Rastelli
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Elena Del Valle
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, United Kingdom
- Departamento de Física Téorica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fabrice P Laussy
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, United Kingdom
- Russian Quantum Center, Novaya 100, 143025 Skolkovo, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Val Zwiller
- Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kai Müller
- Walter Schottky Institut and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus D Jöns
- Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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