1
|
Sherman A, Zgadzai O, Koren B, Peretz I, Laster E, Blank A. Diamond-based microwave quantum amplifier. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eade6527. [PMID: 36475787 PMCID: PMC9728959 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade6527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Amplification of weak microwave signals with minimal added noise is of importance to science and technology. Artificial quantum systems, based on superconducting circuits, can now amplify and detect even single microwave photons. However, this requires operating at millikelvin temperatures. Natural quantum systems can also be used for low-noise microwave amplification using stimulated emission effects; however, they generate a higher noise, especially when operating above ~1 K. Here, we demonstrate the use of electron spins in diamond as a quantum microwave amplifier operating with quantum-limited internal noise, even above liquid nitrogen temperatures. We report on the amplifier's design, gain, bandwidth, saturation power, and noise. This capability can lead the way to previously unavailable quantum science, engineering, and physics applications.
Collapse
|
2
|
Moiseev SA, Urmancheev RV. Photon/spin echo in a Fabry-Perot cavity. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:3812-3815. [PMID: 35913321 DOI: 10.1364/ol.465434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The pulse area theorem is a well-known versatile analytical tool for capturing the general nonlinear nature of light propagation in a two-level medium. Here we derive the pulse area theorem for the photon/spin echo signal generated in a one-side cavity. The obtained analytical solutions for primary and secondary echo pulse areas allow us to describe the nonlinear patterns of the photon/spin echo signals in an atomic ensemble in a cavity. The developed approach and the obtained results constitute an important step in the study of the general properties of the photon/spin echo in optical and microwave cavities expanding applications of the photon echo in coherent spectroscopy, quantum memory, and processing.
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang Y, Wu Q, Su SL, Lou Q, Shan C, Mølmer K. Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics Effects with Nitrogen Vacancy Center Spins Coupled to Room Temperature Microwave Resonators. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:253601. [PMID: 35802426 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.253601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) effects, such as Rabi splitting, Rabi oscillations, and superradiance, have been demonstrated with nitrogen vacancy (NV) center spins in diamond coupled to microwave resonators at cryogenic temperature. In this Letter, we explore the possibility to realize strong collective coupling and CQED effects with ensembles of NV spins at room temperature. Our calculations show that thermal excitation of the individual NV spins leads to population of collective Dicke states with low symmetry and a reduced collective coupling to the microwave resonators. Optical pumping can be applied to counteract the thermal excitation of the NV centers and to prepare the spin ensemble in Dicke states with high symmetry. The resulting strong coupling with high-quality resonators enables the study of intriguing CQED effects across the weak-to-strong coupling regime, and may have applications in quantum sensing and quantum information processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Qilong Wu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Shi-Lei Su
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Qing Lou
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Chongxin Shan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Klaus Mølmer
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 6B, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hahn T, Vaclavkova D, Bartos M, Nogajewski K, Potemski M, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Machnikowski P, Kuhn T, Kasprzak J, Wigger D. Destructive Photon Echo Formation in Six-Wave Mixing Signals of a MoSe 2 Monolayer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103813. [PMID: 34716672 PMCID: PMC8728888 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides display a strong excitonic optical response. Additionally encapsulating the monolayer with hexagonal boron nitride allows to reach the limit of a purely homogeneously broadened exciton system. On such a MoSe2 -based system, ultrafast six-wave mixing spectroscopy is performed and a novel destructive photon echo effect is found. This process manifests as a characteristic depression of the nonlinear signal dynamics when scanning the delay between the applied laser pulses. By theoretically describing the process within a local field model, an excellent agreement with the experiment is reached. An effective Bloch vector representation is developed and thereby it is demonstrated that the destructive photon echo stems from a destructive interference of successive repetitions of the heterodyning experiment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thilo Hahn
- Institute of Solid State TheoryUniversity of MünsterMünster48149Germany
- Department of Theoretical PhysicsWrocław University of Science and TechnologyWrocław50‐370Poland
| | - Diana Vaclavkova
- Laboratiore National des Champs Magnétiques IntensesLNCMI‐EMFLCNRS UPR3228, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Toulouse, Univ. Toulouse 3, INSA‐TGrenoble and ToulouseFrance
| | - Miroslav Bartos
- Laboratiore National des Champs Magnétiques IntensesLNCMI‐EMFLCNRS UPR3228, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Toulouse, Univ. Toulouse 3, INSA‐TGrenoble and ToulouseFrance
- Central European Institute of TechnologyBrno University of TechnologyBrnoCzech61200Republic
| | - Karol Nogajewski
- Institute of Experimental PhysicsFaculty of PhysicsUniversity of WarsawWarszawa02‐093Poland
| | - Marek Potemski
- Laboratiore National des Champs Magnétiques IntensesLNCMI‐EMFLCNRS UPR3228, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Toulouse, Univ. Toulouse 3, INSA‐TGrenoble and ToulouseFrance
- Institute of Experimental PhysicsFaculty of PhysicsUniversity of WarsawWarszawa02‐093Poland
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional MaterialsNational Institute for Materials ScienceTsukuba305‐0044Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials NanoarchitectonicsNational Institute for Materials ScienceTsukuba305‐0044Japan
| | - Paweł Machnikowski
- Department of Theoretical PhysicsWrocław University of Science and TechnologyWrocław50‐370Poland
| | - Tilmann Kuhn
- Institute of Solid State TheoryUniversity of MünsterMünster48149Germany
| | - Jacek Kasprzak
- Université Grenoble AlpesCNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut NéelGrenoble38000France
| | - Daniel Wigger
- Department of Theoretical PhysicsWrocław University of Science and TechnologyWrocław50‐370Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zens M, Krimer DO, Dhar HS, Rotter S. Periodic Cavity State Revivals from Atomic Frequency Combs. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:180402. [PMID: 34767418 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.180402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Spin ensembles with a comb-shaped spectrum have shown exciting properties as efficient quantum memories. Here, we present a rigorous theoretical study of such atomic frequency combs in the strong coupling limit of cavity QED, based on a full quantum treatment using tensor-network methods. Our results demonstrate that arbitrary multiphoton states in the cavity are almost perfectly absorbed by the spin ensemble and reemitted as parity-flipped states at periodic time intervals. Fidelity values near unity are achieved in these revived states by compensating for energy shifts induced by the strong spin-cavity coupling through adjustments of individual coupling values of the teeth in the atomic frequency comb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Zens
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10/136, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dmitry O Krimer
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10/136, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Himadri S Dhar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Stefan Rotter
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10/136, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lenz S, König D, Hunger D, van Slageren J. Room-Temperature Quantum Memories Based on Molecular Electron Spin Ensembles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2101673. [PMID: 34106491 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Whilst quantum computing has recently taken great leaps ahead, the development of quantum memories has decidedly lagged behind. Quantum memories are essential devices in the quantum technology palette and are needed for intermediate storage of quantum bit states and as quantum repeaters in long-distance quantum communication. Current quantum memories operate at cryogenic, mostly sub-Kelvin temperatures and require extensive and costly peripheral hardware. It is demonstrated that ensembles of weakly coupled molecular spins show long coherence times and can be used to store microwave pulses of arbitrary phase. These studies exploit strong coupling of the spin ensemble to special 3D microwave resonators. Most importantly, these systems operate at room temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Lenz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dennis König
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - David Hunger
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Joris van Slageren
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Weichselbaumer S, Zens M, Zollitsch CW, Brandt MS, Rotter S, Gross R, Huebl H. Echo Trains in Pulsed Electron Spin Resonance of a Strongly Coupled Spin Ensemble. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:137701. [PMID: 33034465 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.137701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on a novel dynamical phenomenon in electron spin resonance experiments of phosphorus donors. When strongly coupling the paramagnetic ensemble to a superconducting lumped element resonator, the coherent exchange between these two subsystems leads to a train of periodic, self-stimulated echoes after a conventional Hahn echo pulse sequence. The presence of these multiecho signatures is explained using a simple model based on spins rotating on the Bloch sphere, backed up by numerical calculations using the inhomogeneous Tavis-Cummings Hamiltonian.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Weichselbaumer
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Matthias Zens
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10/136, 1040 Vienna, Austria
- ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Christoph W Zollitsch
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Martin S Brandt
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Walter Schottky Institut, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Stefan Rotter
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10/136, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Gross
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Hans Huebl
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
| |
Collapse
|