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Chakraborti H, Gorini C, Knothe A, Liu MH, Makk P, Parmentier FD, Perconte D, Richter K, Roulleau P, Sacépé B, Schönenberger C, Yang W. Electron wave and quantum optics in graphene. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:393001. [PMID: 38697131 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad46bc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
In the last decade, graphene has become an exciting platform for electron optical experiments, in some aspects superior to conventional two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs). A major advantage, besides the ultra-large mobilities, is the fine control over the electrostatics, which gives the possibility of realising gap-less and compact p-n interfaces with high precision. The latter host non-trivial states,e.g., snake states in moderate magnetic fields, and serve as building blocks of complex electron interferometers. Thanks to the Dirac spectrum and its non-trivial Berry phase, the internal (valley and sublattice) degrees of freedom, and the possibility to tailor the band structure using proximity effects, such interferometers open up a completely new playground based on novel device architectures. In this review, we introduce the theoretical background of graphene electron optics, fabrication methods used to realise electron-optical devices, and techniques for corresponding numerical simulations. Based on this, we give a comprehensive review of ballistic transport experiments and simple building blocks of electron optical devices both in single and bilayer graphene, highlighting the novel physics that is brought in compared to conventional 2DEGs. After describing the different magnetic field regimes in graphene p-n junctions and nanostructures, we conclude by discussing the state of the art in graphene-based Mach-Zender and Fabry-Perot interferometers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cosimo Gorini
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Angelika Knothe
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ming-Hao Liu
- Department of Physics and Center for Quantum Frontiers of Research and Technology (QFort), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Péter Makk
- Department of Physics, Institute of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., Budapest H-1111, Hungary
- MTA-BME Correlated van der Waals Structures Momentum Research Group, Műegyetem rkp. 3., Budapest H-1111, Hungary
| | | | - David Perconte
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Klaus Richter
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Preden Roulleau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Benjamin Sacépé
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Wenmin Yang
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
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Weinbub J, Kosik R. Computational perspective on recent advances in quantum electronics: from electron quantum optics to nanoelectronic devices and systems. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:163001. [PMID: 35008077 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac49c6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quantum electronics has significantly evolved over the last decades. Where initially the clear focus was on light-matter interactions, nowadays approaches based on the electron's wave nature have solidified themselves as additional focus areas. This development is largely driven by continuous advances in electron quantum optics, electron based quantum information processing, electronic materials, and nanoelectronic devices and systems. The pace of research in all of these areas is astonishing and is accompanied by substantial theoretical and experimental advancements. What is particularly exciting is the fact that the computational methods, together with broadly available large-scale computing resources, have matured to such a degree so as to be essential enabling technologies themselves. These methods allow to predict, analyze, and design not only individual physical processes but also entire devices and systems, which would otherwise be very challenging or sometimes even out of reach with conventional experimental capabilities. This review is thus a testament to the increasingly towering importance of computational methods for advancing the expanding field of quantum electronics. To that end, computational aspects of a representative selection of recent research in quantum electronics are highlighted where a major focus is on the electron's wave nature. By categorizing the research into concrete technological applications, researchers and engineers will be able to use this review as a source for inspiration regarding problem-specific computational methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Weinbub
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for High Performance TCAD, Institute for Microelectronics, TU Wien, Austria
| | - Robert Kosik
- Institute for Microelectronics, TU Wien, Austria
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Sattari F, Mirershadi S. Effect of the strain on spin-valley transport properties in MoS 2 superlattice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17617. [PMID: 34475509 PMCID: PMC8413316 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97189-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of the strain on the spin and valley dependent transport properties, including the conductance and polarization, through a monolayer MoS2 superlattice under Rashba spin-orbit coupling is theoretically investigated. It is found that the conductance strongly depends on the spin and valley degrees of freedom, and spin-inversion can be achieved by MoS2 superlattice. Also, the spin and valley dependent conductance in a monolayer MoS2 superlattice can be efficiently adjusted via strain and the number of the superlattice barriers. Moreover, it is demonstrated that both the magnitude and sign of the spin and valley polarization depend on the strain strength, the number of barriers, and electrostatic barrier height. Both full spin and valley polarized current (with 100% or - 100% efficiency) can be realized in a MoS2 superlattice under strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Sattari
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, P.O. Box 179, Ardabil, Iran.
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research Group, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Soghra Mirershadi
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Namin, Iran
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