1
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Cygorek M, Gauger EM. ACE: A general-purpose non-Markovian open quantum systems simulation toolkit based on process tensors. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:074111. [PMID: 39158046 DOI: 10.1063/5.0221182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
We describe a general-purpose computational toolkit for simulating open quantum systems, which provides numerically exact solutions for composites of zero-dimensional quantum systems that may be strongly coupled to multiple, quite general non-Markovian environments. It is based on process tensor matrix product operators (PT-MPOs), which efficiently encapsulate environment influences. The code features implementations of several PT-MPO algorithms, in particular Automated Compression of Environments for general environments comprised of independent modes as well as schemes for generalized spin boson models. The latter includes a divide-and-conquer scheme for periodic PT-MPOs, which enable million time step simulations for realistic models. PT-MPOs can be precalculated and reused for efficiently probing different time-dependent system Hamiltonians. They can also be stacked together and combined to provide numerically complete solutions of small networks of open quantum systems. The code is written in C++ and is fully controllable by configuration files, for which we have developed a versatile and compact human-readable format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Cygorek
- Condensed Matter Theory, Department of Physics, TU Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Erik M Gauger
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
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2
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Rodari G, Hoch F, Suprano A, Giordani T, Negro E, Carvacho G, Spagnolo N, Galvão EF, Sciarrino F. Polarization-encoded photonic quantum-to-quantum Bernoulli factory based on a quantum dot source. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eado6244. [PMID: 39058770 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado6244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
A Bernoulli factory is a randomness manipulation routine that takes as input a Bernoulli random variable, outputting another Bernoulli variable whose bias is a function of the input bias. Recently proposed quantum-to-quantum Bernoulli factory schemes encode both input and output variables in qubit amplitudes. This primitive could be used as a subroutine for more complex quantum algorithms involving Bayesian inference and Monte Carlo methods. Here, we report an experimental implementation of a polarization-encoded photonic quantum-to-quantum Bernoulli factory. We present and test three interferometric setups implementing the basic operations of an algebraic field (inversion, multiplication, and addition), which, chained together, allow for the implementation of a generic quantum-to-quantum Bernoulli factory. These in-bulk schemes are validated using a quantum dot-based single-photon source featuring high brightness and indistinguishability, paired with a time-to-spatial demultiplexing setup to prepare input resources of up to three single-photon states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Rodari
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Hoch
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Alessia Suprano
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Taira Giordani
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Elena Negro
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Gonzalo Carvacho
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Nicolò Spagnolo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Ernesto F Galvão
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fabio Sciarrino
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
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3
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Larocque H, Buyukkaya MA, Errando-Herranz C, Papon C, Harper S, Tao M, Carolan J, Lee CM, Richardson CJK, Leake GL, Coleman DJ, Fanto ML, Waks E, Englund D. Tunable quantum emitters on large-scale foundry silicon photonics. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5781. [PMID: 38987545 PMCID: PMC11237125 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50208-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Controlling large-scale many-body quantum systems at the level of single photons and single atomic systems is a central goal in quantum information science and technology. Intensive research and development has propelled foundry-based silicon-on-insulator photonic integrated circuits to a leading platform for large-scale optical control with individual mode programmability. However, integrating atomic quantum systems with single-emitter tunability remains an open challenge. Here, we overcome this barrier through the hybrid integration of multiple InAs/InP microchiplets containing high-brightness infrared semiconductor quantum dot single photon emitters into advanced silicon-on-insulator photonic integrated circuits fabricated in a 300 mm foundry process. With this platform, we achieve single-photon emission via resonance fluorescence and scalable emission wavelength tunability. The combined control of photonic and quantum systems opens the door to programmable quantum information processors manufactured in leading semiconductor foundries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Larocque
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Mustafa Atabey Buyukkaya
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Carlos Errando-Herranz
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Institute of Physics, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Camille Papon
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Samuel Harper
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Max Tao
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jacques Carolan
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Chang-Min Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | | | - Gerald L Leake
- State University of New York Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY, 12203, USA
| | - Daniel J Coleman
- State University of New York Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY, 12203, USA
| | - Michael L Fanto
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Information Directorate, Rome, NY, 13441, USA
| | - Edo Waks
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Dirk Englund
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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4
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Barbiero A, Shooter G, Müller T, Skiba-Szymanska J, Stevenson RM, Goff LE, Ritchie DA, Shields AJ. Polarization-Selective Enhancement of Telecom Wavelength Quantum Dot Transitions in an Elliptical Bullseye Resonator. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:2839-2845. [PMID: 38395430 PMCID: PMC10921464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Semiconductor quantum dots are promising candidates for the generation of nonclassical light. Coupling a quantum dot to a device capable of providing polarization-selective enhancement of optical transitions is highly beneficial for advanced functionalities, such as efficient resonant driving schemes or applications based on optical cyclicity. Here, we demonstrate broadband polarization-selective enhancement by coupling a quantum dot emitting in the telecom O-band to an elliptical bullseye resonator. We report bright single-photon emission with a degree of linear polarization of 96%, Purcell factor of 3.9 ± 0.6, and count rates up to 3 MHz. Furthermore, we present a measurement of two-photon interference without any external polarization filtering. Finally, we demonstrate compatibility with compact Stirling cryocoolers by operating the device at temperatures up to 40 K. These results represent an important step toward practical integration of optimal quantum dot photon sources in deployment-ready setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Barbiero
- Toshiba
Europe Limited, 208 Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0GZ, United
Kingdom
| | - Ginny Shooter
- Toshiba
Europe Limited, 208 Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0GZ, United
Kingdom
| | - Tina Müller
- Toshiba
Europe Limited, 208 Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0GZ, United
Kingdom
| | - Joanna Skiba-Szymanska
- Toshiba
Europe Limited, 208 Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0GZ, United
Kingdom
| | - R. Mark Stevenson
- Toshiba
Europe Limited, 208 Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0GZ, United
Kingdom
| | - Lucy E. Goff
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Ritchie
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Shields
- Toshiba
Europe Limited, 208 Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0GZ, United
Kingdom
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5
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Hornung F, Pfister U, Bauer S, Cyrlyson's DR, Wang D, Vijayan P, Garcia AJ, Covre da Silva SF, Jetter M, Portalupi SL, Rastelli A, Michler P. Highly Indistinguishable Single Photons from Droplet-Etched GaAs Quantum Dots Integrated in Single-Mode Waveguides and Beamsplitters. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:1184-1190. [PMID: 38230641 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Integration of on-demand quantum emitters into photonic integrated circuits (PICs) has drawn much attention in recent years, as it promises a scalable implementation of quantum information schemes. A central property for several applications is the indistinguishability of the emitted photons. In this regard, GaAs quantum dots (QDs) obtained by droplet etching epitaxy show excellent performances, making the realization of these QDs into PICs highly appealing. Here, we show the first implementation in this direction, realizing the key passive elements needed in PICs, i.e., single-mode waveguides (WGs) with integrated GaAs-QDs and beamsplitters. We study the statistical distribution of wavelength, linewidth, and decay time of the excitonic line, as well as the quantum optical properties of individual emitters under resonant excitation. We achieve single-photon purities as high as 1 - g(2)(0) = 0.929 ± 0.009 and two-photon interference visibilities of up to VTPI = 0.953 ± 0.032 for consecutively emitted photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Hornung
- Institut für Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzflächen, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST) and SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ulrich Pfister
- Institut für Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzflächen, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST) and SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stephanie Bauer
- Institut für Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzflächen, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST) and SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dee Rocking Cyrlyson's
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Dongze Wang
- Institut für Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzflächen, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST) and SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ponraj Vijayan
- Institut für Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzflächen, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST) and SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ailton J Garcia
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | | | - Michael Jetter
- Institut für Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzflächen, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST) and SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Simone L Portalupi
- Institut für Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzflächen, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST) and SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Armando Rastelli
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Peter Michler
- Institut für Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzflächen, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST) and SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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6
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Yuan G, Higginbotham HF, Han J, Yadav A, Kirkwood N, Mulvaney P, Bell TDM, Cole JH, Funston AM. Tuning the Photoluminescence Anisotropy of Semiconductor Nanocrystals. ACS NANO 2023; 17:19109-19120. [PMID: 37748102 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor nanocrystals are promising optoelectronic materials. Understanding their anisotropic photoluminescence is fundamental for developing quantum-dot-based devices such as light-emitting diodes, solar cells, and polarized single-photon sources. In this study, we experimentally and theoretically investigate the photoluminescence anisotropy of CdSe semiconductor nanocrystals with various shapes, including plates, rods, and spheres, with either wurtzite or zincblende structures. We use defocused wide-field microscopy to visualize the emission dipole orientation and find that spheres, rods, and plates exhibit the optical properties of 2D, 1D, and 2D emission dipoles, respectively. We rationalize the seemingly counterintuitive observation that despite having similar aspect ratios (width/length), rods and long nanoplatelets exhibit different defocused emission patterns by considering valence band structures calculated using multiband effective mass theory and the dielectric effect. The principles are extended to provide general relationships that can be used to tune the emission dipole orientation for different materials, crystalline structures, and shapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangcheng Yuan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | | | - Jiho Han
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Anchal Yadav
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Nicholas Kirkwood
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Paul Mulvaney
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Toby D M Bell
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jared H Cole
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science and Chemical and Quantum Physics, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3001, Australia
| | - Alison M Funston
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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7
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Morrison CL, Pousa RG, Graffitti F, Koong ZX, Barrow P, Stoltz NG, Bouwmeester D, Jeffers J, Oi DKL, Gerardot BD, Fedrizzi A. Single-emitter quantum key distribution over 175 km of fibre with optimised finite key rates. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3573. [PMID: 37328483 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39219-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantum key distribution with solid-state single-photon emitters is gaining traction due to their rapidly improving performance and compatibility with future quantum networks. Here we emulate a quantum key distribution scheme with quantum-dot-generated single photons frequency-converted to 1550 nm, achieving count rates of 1.6 MHz with [Formula: see text] and asymptotic positive key rates over 175 km of telecom fibre. We show that the commonly used finite-key analysis for non-decoy state QKD drastically overestimates secure key acquisition times due to overly loose bounds on statistical fluctuations. Using the tighter multiplicative Chernoff bound to constrain the estimated finite key parameters, we reduce the required number of received signals by a factor 108. The resulting finite key rate approaches the asymptotic limit at all achievable distances in acquisition times of one hour, and at 100 km we generate finite keys at 13 kbps for one minute of acquisition. This result is an important step towards long-distance single-emitter quantum networking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Morrison
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Roberto G Pousa
- SUPA Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | - Francesco Graffitti
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Zhe Xian Koong
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Peter Barrow
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Nick G Stoltz
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Dirk Bouwmeester
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - John Jeffers
- SUPA Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | - Daniel K L Oi
- SUPA Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | - Brian D Gerardot
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Alessandro Fedrizzi
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
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8
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Galimov A, Bobrov M, Rakhlin M, Serov Y, Kazanov D, Veretennikov A, Klimko G, Sorokin S, Sedova I, Maleev N, Zadiranov Y, Kulagina M, Guseva Y, Berezina D, Nikitina E, Toropov A. Towards Bright Single-Photon Emission in Elliptical Micropillars. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13091572. [PMID: 37177116 PMCID: PMC10180743 DOI: 10.3390/nano13091572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, single-photon sources (SPSs) based on the emission of a single semiconductor quantum dot (QD) have been actively developed. While the purity and indistinguishability of single photons are already close to ideal values, the high brightness of SPSs remains a challenge. The widely used resonant excitation with cross-polarization filtering usually leads to at least a two-fold reduction in the single-photon counts rate, since single-photon emission is usually unpolarized, or its polarization state is close to that of the exciting laser. One of the solutions is the use of polarization-selective microcavities, which allows one to redirect most of the QD emission to a specific polarization determined by the optical mode of the microcavity. In the present work, elliptical micropillars with distributed Bragg reflectors are investigated theoretically and experimentally as a promising design of such polarization-selective microcavities. The impact of ellipticity, ellipse area and verticality of the side walls on the splitting of the optical fundamental mode is investigated. The study of the near-field pattern allows us to detect the presence of higher-order optical modes, which are classified theoretically. The possibility of obtaining strongly polarized single-photon QD radiation associated with the short-wavelength fundamental cavity mode is shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidar Galimov
- Ioffe Institute, Politekhnicheskaya St. 26, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Michail Bobrov
- Ioffe Institute, Politekhnicheskaya St. 26, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maxim Rakhlin
- Ioffe Institute, Politekhnicheskaya St. 26, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yuriy Serov
- Ioffe Institute, Politekhnicheskaya St. 26, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitrii Kazanov
- Ioffe Institute, Politekhnicheskaya St. 26, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Grigory Klimko
- Ioffe Institute, Politekhnicheskaya St. 26, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergey Sorokin
- Ioffe Institute, Politekhnicheskaya St. 26, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina Sedova
- Ioffe Institute, Politekhnicheskaya St. 26, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikolai Maleev
- Ioffe Institute, Politekhnicheskaya St. 26, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yuriy Zadiranov
- Ioffe Institute, Politekhnicheskaya St. 26, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Marina Kulagina
- Ioffe Institute, Politekhnicheskaya St. 26, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yulia Guseva
- Ioffe Institute, Politekhnicheskaya St. 26, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Daryia Berezina
- Ioffe Institute, Politekhnicheskaya St. 26, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Nikitina
- Laboratory of Nanoelectronics, St. Petersburg Academic University, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexey Toropov
- Ioffe Institute, Politekhnicheskaya St. 26, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
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9
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Li X, Liu S, Wei Y, Ma J, Song C, Yu Y, Su R, Geng W, Ni H, Liu H, Su X, Niu Z, Chen YL, Liu J. Bright semiconductor single-photon sources pumped by heterogeneously integrated micropillar lasers with electrical injections. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:65. [PMID: 36872383 PMCID: PMC9986240 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01110-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The emerging hybrid integrated quantum photonics combines the advantages of different functional components into a single chip to meet the stringent requirements for quantum information processing. Despite the tremendous progress in hybrid integrations of III-V quantum emitters with silicon-based photonic circuits and superconducting single-photon detectors, on-chip optical excitations of quantum emitters via miniaturized lasers towards single-photon sources (SPSs) with low power consumptions, small device footprints, and excellent coherence properties is highly desirable yet illusive. In this work, we present realizations of bright semiconductor SPSs heterogeneously integrated with on-chip electrically-injected microlasers. Different from previous one-by-one transfer printing technique implemented in hybrid quantum dot (QD) photonic devices, multiple deterministically coupled QD-circular Bragg Grating (CBG) SPSs were integrated with electrically-injected micropillar lasers at one time via a potentially scalable transfer printing process assisted by the wide-field photoluminescence (PL) imaging technique. Optically pumped by electrically-injected microlasers, pure single photons are generated with a high-brightness of a count rate of 3.8 M/s and an extraction efficiency of 25.44%. Such a high-brightness is due to the enhancement by the cavity mode of the CBG, which is confirmed by a Purcell factor of 2.5. Our work provides a powerful tool for advancing hybrid integrated quantum photonics in general and boosts the developments for realizing highly-compact, energy-efficient and coherent SPSs in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueshi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shunfa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiantao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changkun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongbin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Geng
- Hisilicon Research, Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd, 518129, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haiqiao Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattice and Microstructures, State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083, Beijing, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Hanqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattice and Microstructures, State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083, Beijing, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangbin Su
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattice and Microstructures, State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083, Beijing, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Zhichuan Niu
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattice and Microstructures, State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083, Beijing, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
| | - You-Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattice and Microstructures, State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083, Beijing, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
| | - Jin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China.
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10
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Zaporski L, Shofer N, Bodey JH, Manna S, Gillard G, Appel MH, Schimpf C, Covre da Silva SF, Jarman J, Delamare G, Park G, Haeusler U, Chekhovich EA, Rastelli A, Gangloff DA, Atatüre M, Le Gall C. Ideal refocusing of an optically active spin qubit under strong hyperfine interactions. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:257-263. [PMID: 36702953 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01282-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Combining highly coherent spin control with efficient light-matter coupling offers great opportunities for quantum communication and computing. Optically active semiconductor quantum dots have unparalleled photonic properties but also modest spin coherence limited by their resident nuclei. The nuclear inhomogeneity has thus far bound all dynamical decoupling measurements to a few microseconds. Here, we eliminate this inhomogeneity using lattice-matched GaAs-AlGaAs quantum dot devices and demonstrate dynamical decoupling of the electron spin qubit beyond 0.113(3) ms. Leveraging the 99.30(5)% visibility of our optical π-pulse gates, we use up to Nπ = 81 decoupling pulses and find a coherence time scaling of [Formula: see text]. This scaling manifests an ideal refocusing of strong interactions between the electron and the nuclear spin ensemble, free of extrinsic noise, which holds the promise of lifetime-limited spin coherence. Our findings demonstrate that the most punishing material science challenge for such quantum dot devices has a remedy and constitute the basis for highly coherent spin-photon interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Zaporski
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Noah Shofer
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan H Bodey
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Santanu Manna
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - George Gillard
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Christian Schimpf
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | | | - John Jarman
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffroy Delamare
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gunhee Park
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Urs Haeusler
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Evgeny A Chekhovich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Armando Rastelli
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Dorian A Gangloff
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mete Atatüre
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Claire Le Gall
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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11
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Jun S, Choi M, Kim B, Morassi M, Tchernycheva M, Song HG, Yeo HS, Gogneau N, Cho YH. Enhancement of Single-Photon Purity and Coherence of III-Nitride Quantum Dot with Polarization-Controlled Quasi-Resonant Excitation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205229. [PMID: 36449654 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
III-Nitride semiconductor-based quantum dots (QDs) play an essential role in solid-state quantum light sources because of their potential for room-temperature operation. However, undesired background emission from the surroundings deteriorates single-photon purity. Moreover, spectral diffusion causes inhomogeneous broadening and limits the applications of QDs in quantum photonic technologies. To overcome these obstacles, it is demonstrated that directly pumping carriers to the excited state of the QD reduces the number of carriers generated in the vicinities. The polarization-controlled quasi-resonant excitation is applied to InGaN QDs embedded in GaN nanowire. To analyze the different excitation mechanisms, polarization-resolved absorptions are investigated under the above-barrier bandgap, below-barrier bandgap, and quasi-resonant excitation conditions. By employing polarization-controlled quasi-resonant excitation, the linewidth is reduced from 353 to 272 µeV, and the second-order correlation value is improved from 0.470 to 0.231. Therefore, a greater single-photon purity can be obtained at higher temperatures due to decreased linewidth and background emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongmoon Jun
- Department of Physics and KI for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Choi
- Department of Physics and KI for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Baul Kim
- Department of Physics and KI for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Martina Morassi
- Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies, Paris-Saclay University, CNRS, UMR9001, Boulevard Thomas Gobert, Palaiseau, 91120, France
| | - Maria Tchernycheva
- Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies, Paris-Saclay University, CNRS, UMR9001, Boulevard Thomas Gobert, Palaiseau, 91120, France
| | - Hyun Gyu Song
- Department of Physics and KI for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Seop Yeo
- Department of Physics and KI for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Noëlle Gogneau
- Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies, Paris-Saclay University, CNRS, UMR9001, Boulevard Thomas Gobert, Palaiseau, 91120, France
| | - Yong-Hoon Cho
- Department of Physics and KI for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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12
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Karli Y, Kappe F, Remesh V, Bracht TK, Münzberg J, Covre da Silva S, Seidelmann T, Axt VM, Rastelli A, Reiter DE, Weihs G. SUPER Scheme in Action: Experimental Demonstration of Red-Detuned Excitation of a Quantum Emitter. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:6567-6572. [PMID: 35792372 PMCID: PMC9413213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The quest for the perfect single-photon source includes finding the optimal protocol for exciting the quantum emitter. Coherent optical excitation was, up until now, achieved by tuning the laser pulses to the transition frequency of the emitter, either directly or in average. Recently, it was theoretically discovered that an excitation with two red-detuned pulses is also possible where neither of which would yield a significant upper-level population individually. We show that the so-called swing-up of quantum emitter population (SUPER) scheme can be implemented experimentally with similar properties to existing schemes by precise amplitude shaping of a broadband pulse. Because of its truly off-resonant nature, this scheme has the prospect of powering high-purity photon sources with superior photon count rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Karli
- Institut
für Experimentalphysik, Universität
Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Florian Kappe
- Institut
für Experimentalphysik, Universität
Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Vikas Remesh
- Institut
für Experimentalphysik, Universität
Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Thomas K. Bracht
- Institut
für Festkörpertheorie, Universität
Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Julian Münzberg
- Institut
für Experimentalphysik, Universität
Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Saimon Covre da Silva
- Institute
of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz 4040, Austria
| | - Tim Seidelmann
- Theoretische
Physik III, Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95440, Germany
| | | | - Armando Rastelli
- Institute
of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz 4040, Austria
| | - Doris E. Reiter
- Institut
für Festkörpertheorie, Universität
Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Gregor Weihs
- Institut
für Experimentalphysik, Universität
Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
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13
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Bremer L, Jimenez C, Thiele S, Weber K, Huber T, Rodt S, Herkommer A, Burger S, Höfling S, Giessen H, Reitzenstein S. Numerical optimization of single-mode fiber-coupled single-photon sources based on semiconductor quantum dots. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:15913-15928. [PMID: 36221446 DOI: 10.1364/oe.456777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We perform extended numerical studies to maximize the overall photon coupling efficiency of fiber-coupled quantum dot single-photon sources emitting in the near-infrared and O-band and C-band. Using the finite element method, we optimize the photon extraction and fiber-coupling efficiency of quantum dot single-photon sources based on micromesas, microlenses, circular Bragg grating cavities and micropillars. The numerical simulations which consider the entire system consisting of the quantum dot source itself, the coupling lens, and the single-mode fiber, yield overall photon coupling efficiencies of up to 83%. Our work provides objectified comparability of different fiber-coupled single-photon sources and proposes optimized geometries for the realization of practical and highly efficient quantum dot single-photon sources.
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14
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Wei Y, Liu S, Li X, Yu Y, Su X, Li S, Shang X, Liu H, Hao H, Ni H, Yu S, Niu Z, Iles-Smith J, Liu J, Wang X. Tailoring solid-state single-photon sources with stimulated emissions. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:470-476. [PMID: 35410369 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01092-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The coherent interaction of electromagnetic fields with solid-state two-level systems can yield deterministic quantum light sources for photonic quantum technologies. To date, the performance of semiconductor single-photon sources based on three-level systems is limited mainly due to a lack of high photon indistinguishability. Here we tailor the cavity-enhanced spontaneous emission from a ladder-type three-level system in a single epitaxial quantum dot through stimulated emission. After populating the biexciton (XX) of the quantum dot through two-photon resonant excitation, we use another laser pulse to selectively depopulate the XX state into an exciton (X) state with a predefined polarization. The stimulated XX-X emission modifies the X decay dynamics and improves the characteristics of a polarized single-photon source, such as a source brightness of 0.030(2), a single-photon purity of 0.998(1) and an indistinguishability of 0.926(4). Our method can be readily applied to existing quantum dot single-photon sources and expands the capabilities of three-level systems for advanced quantum photonic functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shunfa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueshi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangbin Su
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattice and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shulun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattice and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangjun Shang
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattice and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hanqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattice and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huiming Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattice and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiqiao Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattice and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhichuan Niu
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattice and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jake Iles-Smith
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xuehua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Adcock JC, Ding Y. Quantum prospects for hybrid thin-film lithium niobate on silicon photonics. FRONTIERS OF OPTOELECTRONICS 2022; 15:7. [PMID: 36637578 PMCID: PMC9756257 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-022-00006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Photonics is poised to play a unique role in quantum technology for computation, communications and sensing. Meanwhile, integrated photonic circuits-with their intrinsic phase stability and high-performance, nanoscale components-offer a route to scaling. However, each integrated platform has a unique set of advantages and pitfalls, which can limit their power. So far, the most advanced demonstrations of quantum photonic circuitry has been in silicon photonics. However, thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) is emerging as a powerful platform with unique capabilities; advances in fabrication have yielded loss metrics competitive with any integrated photonics platform, while its large second-order nonlinearity provides efficient nonlinear processing and ultra-fast modulation. In this short review, we explore the prospects of dynamic quantum circuits-such as multiplexed photon sources and entanglement generation-on hybrid TFLN on silicon (TFLN/Si) photonics and argue that hybrid TFLN/Si photonics may have the capability to deliver the photonic quantum technology of tomorrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy C Adcock
- Center for Silicon Photonics for Optical Communication, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Yunhong Ding
- Center for Silicon Photonics for Optical Communication, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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16
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Gür UM, Yang Y, Schall J, Schmidt R, Kaganskiy A, Wang Y, Vannucci L, Mattes M, Arslanagić S, Reitzenstein S, Gregersen N. Design and fabrication of ridge waveguide-based nanobeam cavities for on-chip single-photon sources. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:11973-11985. [PMID: 35473128 DOI: 10.1364/oe.453164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report on the design of nanohole/nanobeam cavities in ridge waveguides for on-chip, quantum-dot-based single-photon generation. Our design overcomes limitations of a low-refractive-index-contrast material platform in terms of emitter-mode coupling efficiency and yields an outcoupling efficiency of 0.73 to the output ridge waveguide. Importantly, this high coupling efficiency is combined with broadband operation of 9 nm full-width half-maximum. We provide an explicit design procedure for identifying the optimum geometrical parameters according to the developed design. Besides, we fabricate and optically characterize a proof-of-concept waveguide structure. The results of the microphotoluminescence measurements provide evidence for cavity-enhanced spontaneous emission from the quantum dot, thus supporting the potential of our design for on-chip single-photon sources applications.
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17
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Barbiero A, Huwer J, Skiba-Szymanska J, Müller T, Stevenson RM, Shields AJ. Design study for an efficient semiconductor quantum light source operating in the telecom C-band based on an electrically-driven circular Bragg grating. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:10919-10928. [PMID: 35473046 DOI: 10.1364/oe.452328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of efficient sources of single photons and entangled photon pairs emitting in the low-loss wavelength region around 1550 nm is crucial for long-distance quantum communication. Moreover, direct fiber coupling and electrical carrier injection are highly desirable for deployment in compact and user-friendly systems integrated with the existing fiber infrastructure. Here we present a detailed design study of circular Bragg gratings fabricated in InP slabs and operating in the telecom C-band. These devices enable the simultaneous enhancement of the X and XX spectral lines, with collection efficiency in numerical aperture 0.65 close to 90% for the wavelength range 1520 - 1580 nm and Purcell factor up to 15. We also investigate the coupling into a single mode fiber, which exceeds 70% in UHNA4. Finally, we propose a modified device design directly compatible with electrical carrier injection, reporting Purcell factors up to 20 and collection efficiency in numerical aperture 0.65 close to 70% for the whole telecom C-band.
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18
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Sbresny F, Hanschke L, Schöll E, Rauhaus W, Scaparra B, Boos K, Zubizarreta Casalengua E, Riedl H, Del Valle E, Finley JJ, Jöns KD, Müller K. Stimulated Generation of Indistinguishable Single Photons from a Quantum Ladder System. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:093603. [PMID: 35302816 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.093603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We propose a scheme for the generation of highly indistinguishable single photons using semiconductor quantum dots and demonstrate its performance and potential. The scheme is based on the resonant two-photon excitation of the biexciton followed by stimulation of the biexciton to selectively prepare an exciton. Quantum-optical simulations and experiments are in good agreement and show that the scheme provides significant advantages over previously demonstrated excitation methods. The two-photon excitation of the biexciton suppresses re-excitation and enables ultralow multiphoton errors, while the precisely timed stimulation pulse results in very low timing jitter of the photons, and consequently, high indistinguishability. In addition, the polarization of the stimulation pulse allows us to deterministically program the polarization of the emitted photon (H or V). This ensures that all emission of interest occurs in the polarization of the detection channel, resulting in higher brightness than cross-polarized resonant excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Sbresny
- Walter Schottky Institut, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and MCQST, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Lukas Hanschke
- Walter Schottky Institut, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and MCQST, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Eva Schöll
- Institute for Photonic Quantum Systems (PhoQS), Center for Optoelectronics and Photonics Paderborn (CeOPP) and Department of Physics, Paderborn University, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - William Rauhaus
- Walter Schottky Institut, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and MCQST, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Bianca Scaparra
- Walter Schottky Institut, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and MCQST, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Katarina Boos
- Walter Schottky Institut, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and MCQST, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Eduardo Zubizarreta Casalengua
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, United Kingdom
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and IFIMAC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hubert Riedl
- Walter Schottky Institut, Department of Physics and MCQST, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Elena Del Valle
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, United Kingdom
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and IFIMAC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jonathan J Finley
- Walter Schottky Institut, Department of Physics and MCQST, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Klaus D Jöns
- Institute for Photonic Quantum Systems (PhoQS), Center for Optoelectronics and Photonics Paderborn (CeOPP) and Department of Physics, Paderborn University, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Kai Müller
- Walter Schottky Institut, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and MCQST, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
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19
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Yan J, Liu S, Lin X, Ye Y, Yu J, Wang L, Yu Y, Zhao Y, Meng Y, Hu X, Wang DW, Jin C, Liu F. Double-Pulse Generation of Indistinguishable Single Photons with Optically Controlled Polarization. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:1483-1490. [PMID: 35148112 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Single-photon sources play a key role in photonic quantum technologies. Semiconductor quantum dots can emit indistinguishable single photons under resonant excitation. However, the resonance fluorescence technique typically requires cross-polarization filtering, which causes a loss of the unpolarized quantum dot emission by 50%. To solve this problem, we demonstrate a method for generating indistinguishable single photons with optically controlled polarization by two laser pulses off-resonant with neutral exciton states. This scheme is realized by exciting the quantum dot to the biexciton state and subsequently driving the quantum dot to an exciton eigenstate. By combining with a magnetic field, we demonstrated the generation of photons with optically controlled polarization (the degree of polarization is 101(2)%), laser-neutral exciton detuning up to 0.81 meV, high single-photon purity (99.6(1)%), and indistinguishability (85(4)%). Laser pulses can be blocked using polarization and spectral filtering. Our work makes an important step toward indistinguishable single-photon sources with near-unity collection efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyong Yan
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shunfa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
| | - Yongzheng Ye
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jiawang Yu
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
| | - Lingfang Wang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yanhui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong 264025, China
| | - Yun Meng
- School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronic Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaolong Hu
- School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronic Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Da-Wei Wang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Chaoyuan Jin
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
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20
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Podemski P, Gawełczyk M, Wyborski P, Salamon H, Burakowski M, Musiał A, Reithmaier JP, Benyoucef M, Sęk G. Spin memory effect in charged single telecom quantum dots. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:34024-34034. [PMID: 34809201 DOI: 10.1364/oe.438708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Single InP-based quantum dots emitting in the third telecom window are probed quasi-resonantly in polarization-resolved microphotoluminescence experiments. For charged quantum dots we observe negative circular polarization being a fingerprint of the optical spin writing of the carriers within the quantum dots. The investigated quantum dots have a very dense ladder of excited states providing relatively easy quasi-resonant optical excitation, and together with telecom wavelengths emission they bring quantum gates and memories closer to compatibility with fiber-optic communication.
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Cosacchi M, Seidelmann T, Cygorek M, Vagov A, Reiter DE, Axt VM. Accuracy of the Quantum Regression Theorem for Photon Emission from a Quantum Dot. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:100402. [PMID: 34533331 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.100402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The quantum regression theorem (QRT) is the most widely used tool for calculating multitime correlation functions for the assessment of quantum emitters. It is an approximate method based on a Markov assumption for environmental coupling. In this Letter we quantify properties of photons emitted from a single quantum dot coupled to phonons. For the single-photon purity and the indistinguishability, we compare numerically exact path-integral results with those obtained from the QRT. It is demonstrated that the QRT systematically overestimates the influence of the environment for typical quantum dots used in quantum information technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cosacchi
- Theoretische Physik III, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - T Seidelmann
- Theoretische Physik III, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - M Cygorek
- Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - A Vagov
- Theoretische Physik III, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - D E Reiter
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie, Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - V M Axt
- Theoretische Physik III, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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