1
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Yao YL, He SK, Lei Z, Ye T, Xie Y, Deng ZG, Cui B, Qi W, Yang L, Zhu SP, He XT, Zhou WM, Qiao B. High-Flux Neutron Generator Based on Laser-Driven Collisionless Shock Acceleration. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:025101. [PMID: 37505952 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.025101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
A novel compact high-flux neutron generator with a pitcher-catcher configuration based on laser-driven collisionless shock acceleration (CSA) is proposed and experimentally verified. Different from those that previously relied on target normal sheath acceleration (TNSA), CSA in nature favors not only acceleration of deuterons (instead of hydrogen contaminants) but also increasing of the number of deuterons in the high-energy range, therefore having great advantages for production of high-flux neutron source. The proof-of-principle experiment has observed a typical CSA plateau feature from 2 to 6 MeV in deuteron energy spectrum and measured a forward neutron flux with yield 6.6×10^{7} n/sr from the LiF catcher target, an order of magnitude higher than the compared TNSA case, where the laser intensity is 10^{19} W/cm^{2}. Self-consistent simulations have reproduced the experimental results and predicted that a high-flux forward neutron source with yield up to 5×10^{10} n/sr can be obtained when laser intensity increases to 10^{21} W/cm^{2} under the same laser energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Yao
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology, HEDPS and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - S K He
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Z Lei
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology, HEDPS and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - T Ye
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Y Xie
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology, HEDPS and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Z G Deng
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang 621900, China
| | - B Cui
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang 621900, China
| | - W Qi
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang 621900, China
| | - L Yang
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang 621900, China
| | - S P Zhu
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100094, China
| | - X T He
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100094, China
| | - W M Zhou
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang 621900, China
| | - B Qiao
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology, HEDPS and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronic, Peking University, Beijing 100094, China
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2
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Lindner FH, Fitzpatrick EG, Haffa D, Ponnath L, Schmidt AK, Speicher M, Zielbauer B, Schreiber J, Thirolf PG. Charge-state resolved laser acceleration of gold ions to beyond 7 MeV/u. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4784. [PMID: 35315434 PMCID: PMC8938412 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08556-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn the past years, the interest in the laser-driven acceleration of heavy ions in the mass range of $$\text {A}\approx 200$$
A
≈
200
has been increasing due to promising application ideas like the fission-fusion nuclear reaction mechanism, aiming at the production of neutron-rich isotopes relevant for the astrophysical r-process nucleosynthesis. In this paper, we report on the laser acceleration of gold ions to beyond 7 MeV/u, exceeding for the first time an important prerequisite for this nuclear reaction scheme. Moreover, the gold ion charge states have been detected with an unprecedented resolution, which enables the separation of individual charge states up to 4 MeV/u. The recorded charge-state distributions show a remarkable dependency on the target foil thickness and differ from simulations, lacking a straight-forward explanation by the established ionization models.
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3
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Condamine FP, Jourdain N, Hernandez JC, Taylor M, Bohlin H, Fajstavr A, Jeong TM, Kumar D, Laštovička T, Renner O, Weber S. High-repetition rate solid target delivery system for PW-class laser-matter interaction at ELI Beamlines. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:063504. [PMID: 34243562 DOI: 10.1063/5.0053281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
L3-HAPLS (High-repetition-rate Advanced Petawatt Laser System) at ELI (Extreme Light Infrastructure) Beamlines currently delivers 0.45 PW pulses (12 J in 27 fs) at 3.3 Hz repetition rate. A fresh target surface for every shot was placed at the laser focus using an in-house tape target system designed to withstand large laser intensities and energies. It has been tested for different material thicknesses (25 and 7.6 µm), while L3-HAPLS delivered laser shots for energies ranging from 1 to 12 J. A technical description of the tape target system is given. The device can be used in diverse geometries needed for laser-matter interaction studies by providing an ≈300° free angle of view on the target in the equatorial plane. We show experimental data demonstrating the shot-to-shot stability of the device. An x-ray crystal spherical spectrometer was set up to measure the Kα yield stability, while a GHz H-field probe was used to check the shot-to-shot electromagnetic pulse generation. Finally, we discuss short and mid-term future improvements of the tape target system for efficient user operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F P Condamine
- ELI-Beamlines Center, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 25241 Dolní Brežany, Czech Republic
| | - N Jourdain
- ELI-Beamlines Center, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 25241 Dolní Brežany, Czech Republic
| | - J-C Hernandez
- ELI-Beamlines Center, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 25241 Dolní Brežany, Czech Republic
| | - M Taylor
- ELI-Beamlines Center, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 25241 Dolní Brežany, Czech Republic
| | - H Bohlin
- ELI-Beamlines Center, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 25241 Dolní Brežany, Czech Republic
| | - A Fajstavr
- ELI-Beamlines Center, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 25241 Dolní Brežany, Czech Republic
| | - T M Jeong
- ELI-Beamlines Center, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 25241 Dolní Brežany, Czech Republic
| | - D Kumar
- Department of Radiation and Chemical Physics, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18200 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - T Laštovička
- ELI-Beamlines Center, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 25241 Dolní Brežany, Czech Republic
| | - O Renner
- ELI-Beamlines Center, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 25241 Dolní Brežany, Czech Republic
| | - S Weber
- ELI-Beamlines Center, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 25241 Dolní Brežany, Czech Republic
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4
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Accurate spectra for high energy ions by advanced time-of-flight diamond-detector schemes in experiments with high energy and intensity lasers. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3071. [PMID: 33542470 PMCID: PMC7862373 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82655-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Time-Of-Flight (TOF) methods are very effective to detect particles accelerated in laser-plasma interactions, but they show significant limitations when used in experiments with high energy and intensity lasers, where both high-energy ions and remarkable levels of ElectroMagnetic Pulses (EMPs) in the radiofrequency-microwave range are generated. Here we describe a novel advanced diagnostic method for the characterization of protons accelerated by intense matter interactions with high-energy and high-intensity ultra-short laser pulses up to the femtosecond and even future attosecond range. The method employs a stacked diamond detector structure and the TOF technique, featuring high sensitivity, high resolution, high radiation hardness and high signal-to-noise ratio in environments heavily affected by remarkable EMP fields. A detailed study on the use, the optimization and the properties of a single module of the stack is here described for an experiment where a fast diamond detector is employed in an highly EMP-polluted environment. Accurate calibrated spectra of accelerated protons are presented from an experiment with the femtosecond Flame laser (beyond 100 TW power and ~ 1019 W/cm2 intensity) interacting with thin foil targets. The results can be readily applied to the case of complex stack configurations and to more general experimental conditions.
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5
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Ren J, Deng Z, Qi W, Chen B, Ma B, Wang X, Yin S, Feng J, Liu W, Xu Z, Hoffmann DHH, Wang S, Fan Q, Cui B, He S, Cao Z, Zhao Z, Cao L, Gu Y, Zhu S, Cheng R, Zhou X, Xiao G, Zhao H, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Li Y, Wu D, Zhou W, Zhao Y. Observation of a high degree of stopping for laser-accelerated intense proton beams in dense ionized matter. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5157. [PMID: 33057005 PMCID: PMC7560615 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18986-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Intense particle beams generated from the interaction of ultrahigh intensity lasers with sample foils provide options in radiography, high-yield neutron sources, high-energy-density-matter generation, and ion fast ignition. An accurate understanding of beam transportation behavior in dense matter is crucial for all these applications. Here we report the experimental evidence on one order of magnitude enhancement of intense laser-accelerated proton beam stopping in dense ionized matter, in comparison with the current-widely used models describing individual ion stopping in matter. Supported by particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, we attribute the enhancement to the strong decelerating electric field approaching 1 GV/m that can be created by the beam-driven return current. This collective effect plays the dominant role in the stopping of laser-accelerated intense proton beams in dense ionized matter. This finding is essential for the optimum design of ion driven fast ignition and inertial confinement fusion. A detailed understanding of particle stopping in matter is essential for nuclear fusion and high energy density science. Here, the authors report one order of magnitude enhancement of intense laser-accelerated proton beam stopping in dense ionized matter in comparison with currently used models describing ion stopping in matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieru Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhigang Deng
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Wei Qi
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Benzheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.,Institute for Fusion Theory and Simulation, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bubo Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xing Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Shuai Yin
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jianhua Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Wei Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.,Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Zhongfeng Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Dieter H H Hoffmann
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Shaoyi Wang
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Quanping Fan
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Bo Cui
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Shukai He
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Zhurong Cao
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Zongqing Zhao
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Leifeng Cao
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Yuqiu Gu
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Shaoping Zhu
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China.,Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing, 100094, China.,Graduate School, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 710049, China
| | - Xianming Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.,Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang, 712000, China
| | - Guoqing Xiao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 710049, China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 710049, China
| | - Yihang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yutong Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Institute for Fusion Theory and Simulation, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Weimin Zhou
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China.
| | - Yongtao Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
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6
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Seimetz M, Peñas J, Llerena JJ, Benlliure J, García López J, Millán-Callado MA, Benlloch JM. PADC nuclear track detector for ion spectroscopy in laser-plasma acceleration. Phys Med 2020; 76:72-76. [PMID: 32599377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The transparent polymer polyallyl-diglycol-carbonate (PADC), also known as CR-39, is widely used as detector for heavy charged particles at low fluence. It allows for detection of single protons and ions via formation of microscopic tracks after etching in NaOH or KOH solutions. PADC combines a high sensitivity and high specificity with inertness towards electromagnetic noise. Present fields of application include laser-ion acceleration, inertial confinement fusion, radiobiological studies with cell cultures, and dosimetry of nuclear fragments in particle therapy. These require precise knowledge of the energy-dependent response of PADC to different ion species. We present calibration data for a new type of detector material, Radosys RS39, to protons (0.2-3 MeV) and carbon ions (0.6-12 MeV). RS39 is less sensitive to protons than other types of PADC. Its response to carbon ions, however, is similar to other materials. Our data indicate that RS39 allows for measuring carbon ion energies up to 10 MeV only from the track diameters. In addition, it can be used for discrimination between protons and carbon ions in a single etching process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Seimetz
- Instituto de Instrumentación para Imagen Molecular (I3M), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain.
| | - J Peñas
- Instituto Galego de Física das Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J J Llerena
- Instituto Galego de Física das Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J Benlliure
- Instituto Galego de Física das Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J García López
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CNA), Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain
| | - M A Millán-Callado
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CNA), Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain
| | - J M Benlloch
- Instituto de Instrumentación para Imagen Molecular (I3M), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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7
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Vogel SC, Fernandez JC, Gautier DC, Mitura N, Roth M, Schoenberg KF. Short-Pulse Laser-Driven Moderated Neutron Source. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202023101008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutron production with laser-driven neutron sources was demonstrated. We outline the basics of laser-driven neutron sources, highlight some fundamental advantages, and quantitatively compare the neutron production at the TRIDENT laser sources with the well-established LANSCE pulsed neutron spallation source. Ongoing efforts by our team to continue development of these sources, in particular the LANSCE-ina-box instrument, are described. The promise of ultra-intense lasers as drivers for brilliant, compact, and highly efficient particle accelerators portends driving next-generation neutron sources, potentially replacing in some cases much larger conventional accelerators.
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8
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Chen SN, Atzeni S, Gangolf T, Gauthier M, Higginson DP, Hua R, Kim J, Mangia F, McGuffey C, Marquès JR, Riquier R, Pépin H, Shepherd R, Willi O, Beg FN, Deutsch C, Fuchs J. Experimental evidence for the enhanced and reduced stopping regimes for protons propagating through hot plasmas. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14586. [PMID: 30275488 PMCID: PMC6167377 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32726-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the dynamics of ion collisional energy loss in a plasma is still not complete, in part due to the difficulty and lack of high-quality experimental measurements. These measurements are crucial to benchmark existing models. Here, we show that such a measurement is possible using high-flux proton beams accelerated by high intensity short pulse lasers, where there is a high number of particles in a picosecond pulse, which is ideal for measurements in quickly expanding plasmas. By reducing the energy bandwidth of the protons using a passive selector, we have made proton stopping measurements in partially ionized Argon and fully ionized Hydrogen plasmas with electron temperatures of hundreds of eV and densities in the range 1020-1021 cm-3. In the first case, we have observed, consistently with previous reports, enhanced stopping of protons when compared to stopping power in non-ionized gas. In the second case, we have observed for the first time the regime of reduced stopping, which is theoretically predicted in such hot and fully ionized plasma. The versatility of these tunable short-pulse laser based ion sources, where the ion type and energy can be changed at will, could open up the possibility for a variety of ion stopping power measurements in plasmas so long as they are well characterized in terms of temperature and density. In turn, these measurements will allow tests of the validity of existing theoretical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Chen
- LULI-CNRS, CEA, École Polytechnique, Univ. Paris-Saclay, Sorbonne Univ., UPMC Univ. Paris 06, F-91128, Palaiseau cedex, France.
- Institute of Applied Physics, 46 Ulyanov Street, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
- Extreme Light Infrastructure - Nuclear Physics/Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, 077125, Romania.
| | - S Atzeni
- Dipartimento SBAI, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Roma, Italy
| | - T Gangolf
- LULI-CNRS, CEA, École Polytechnique, Univ. Paris-Saclay, Sorbonne Univ., UPMC Univ. Paris 06, F-91128, Palaiseau cedex, France
- ILPP, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - M Gauthier
- LULI-CNRS, CEA, École Polytechnique, Univ. Paris-Saclay, Sorbonne Univ., UPMC Univ. Paris 06, F-91128, Palaiseau cedex, France
- High Energy Density Sciences Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - D P Higginson
- LULI-CNRS, CEA, École Polytechnique, Univ. Paris-Saclay, Sorbonne Univ., UPMC Univ. Paris 06, F-91128, Palaiseau cedex, France
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - R Hua
- Center for Energy Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0417, USA
| | - J Kim
- Center for Energy Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0417, USA
| | - F Mangia
- Dipartimento SBAI, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Roma, Italy
| | - C McGuffey
- Center for Energy Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0417, USA
| | - J-R Marquès
- LULI-CNRS, CEA, École Polytechnique, Univ. Paris-Saclay, Sorbonne Univ., UPMC Univ. Paris 06, F-91128, Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - R Riquier
- LULI-CNRS, CEA, École Polytechnique, Univ. Paris-Saclay, Sorbonne Univ., UPMC Univ. Paris 06, F-91128, Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - H Pépin
- INRS-EMT, Varennes, Québec, Canada
| | - R Shepherd
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - O Willi
- ILPP, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - F N Beg
- Center for Energy Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0417, USA
| | - C Deutsch
- LPGP-Univ. Paris-Sud, (UMR-CNRS 8578), Orsay, France
| | - J Fuchs
- LULI-CNRS, CEA, École Polytechnique, Univ. Paris-Saclay, Sorbonne Univ., UPMC Univ. Paris 06, F-91128, Palaiseau cedex, France
- Institute of Applied Physics, 46 Ulyanov Street, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Extreme Light Infrastructure - Nuclear Physics/Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, 077125, Romania
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9
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Barberio M, Scisciò M, Vallières S, Cardelli F, Chen SN, Famulari G, Gangolf T, Revet G, Schiavi A, Senzacqua M, Antici P. Laser-accelerated particle beams for stress testing of materials. Nat Commun 2018; 9:372. [PMID: 29371647 PMCID: PMC5785512 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02675-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser-driven particle acceleration, obtained by irradiation of a solid target using an ultra-intense (I > 1018 W/cm2) short-pulse (duration <1 ps) laser, is a growing field of interest, in particular for its manifold potential applications in different domains. Here, we provide experimental evidence that laser-generated particles, in particular protons, can be used for stress testing materials and are particularly suited for identifying materials to be used in harsh conditions. We show that these laser-generated protons can produce, in a very short time scale, a strong mechanical and thermal damage, that, given the short irradiation time, does not allow for recovery of the material. We confirm this by analyzing changes in the mechanical, optical, electrical, and morphological properties of five materials of interest to be used in harsh conditions. Recently, there has been significant progress on the application of laser-generated proton beams in material science. Here the authors demonstrate the benefit of employing such beams in stress testing different materials by examining their mechanical, optical, electrical, and morphological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Barberio
- INRS-EMT, 1650 Boul. Lionel Boulet, Varennes, QC, Canada
| | - M Scisciò
- INRS-EMT, 1650 Boul. Lionel Boulet, Varennes, QC, Canada.,University of Rome "La Sapienza", Dip. SBAI and INFN, Via A. Scarpa 16, 00161, Roma, Italy
| | - S Vallières
- INRS-EMT, 1650 Boul. Lionel Boulet, Varennes, QC, Canada
| | - F Cardelli
- INRS-EMT, 1650 Boul. Lionel Boulet, Varennes, QC, Canada.,University of Rome "La Sapienza", Dip. SBAI and INFN, Via A. Scarpa 16, 00161, Roma, Italy
| | - S N Chen
- LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, Route de Saclay, 91128, Palaiseau, France.,Institute of Applied Physics, 46 Ulyanov Street, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603950
| | - G Famulari
- Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - T Gangolf
- LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, Route de Saclay, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - G Revet
- LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, Route de Saclay, 91128, Palaiseau, France.,Institute of Applied Physics, 46 Ulyanov Street, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603950
| | - A Schiavi
- University of Rome "La Sapienza", Dip. SBAI and INFN, Via A. Scarpa 16, 00161, Roma, Italy
| | - M Senzacqua
- University of Rome "La Sapienza", Dip. SBAI and INFN, Via A. Scarpa 16, 00161, Roma, Italy
| | - P Antici
- INRS-EMT, 1650 Boul. Lionel Boulet, Varennes, QC, Canada.
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10
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Experimental evidence for short-pulse laser heating of solid-density target to high bulk temperatures. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12144. [PMID: 28939883 PMCID: PMC5610192 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11675-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heating efficiently solid-density, or even compressed, matter has been a long-sought goal in order to allow investigation of the properties of such state of matter of interest for various domains, e.g. astrophysics. High-power lasers, pinches, and more recently Free-Electron-Lasers (FELs) have been used in this respect. Here we show that by using the high-power, high-contrast “PEARL” laser (Institute of Applied Physics-Russian Academy of Science, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia) delivering 7.5 J in a 60 fs laser pulse, such coupling can be efficiently obtained, resulting in heating of a slab of solid-density Al of 0.8 µm thickness at a temperature of 300 eV, and with minimal density gradients. The characterization of the target heating is achieved combining X-ray spectrometry and measurement of the protons accelerated from the Al slab. The measured heating conditions are consistent with a three-temperatures model that simulates resistive and collisional heating of the bulk induced by the hot electrons. Such effective laser energy deposition is achieved owing to the intrinsic high contrast of the laser which results from the Optical Parametric Chirped Pulse Amplification technology it is based on, allowing to attain high target temperatures in a very compact manner, e.g. in comparison with large-scale FEL facilities.
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11
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Tata S, Mondal A, Sarkar S, Lad AD, Krishnamurthy M. A gated Thomson parabola spectrometer for improved ion and neutral atom measurements in intense laser produced plasmas. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:083305. [PMID: 28863677 DOI: 10.1063/1.4998685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ions of high energy and high charge are accelerated from compact intense laser produced plasmas and are routinely analysed either by time of flight or Thomson parabola spectrometry. At the highest intensities where ion energies can be substantially large, both these techniques have limitations. Strong electromagnetic pulse noise jeopardises the arrival time measurement, and a bright central spot in the Thomson parabola spectrometer affects the signal to noise ratio of ion traces that approach close to the central spot. We present a gated Thomson parabola spectrometer that addresses these issues and provides an elegant method to improvise ion spectrometry. In addition, we demonstrate that this method provides the ability to detect and measure high energy neutral atoms that are invariably present in most intense laser plasma acceleration experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheroy Tata
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400 005, India
| | - Angana Mondal
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400 005, India
| | - Soubhik Sarkar
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400 005, India
| | - Amit D Lad
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400 005, India
| | - M Krishnamurthy
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400 005, India
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12
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Tao L, Zhu K, Zhu J, Xu X, Lin C, Ma W, Lu H, Zhao Y, Lu Y, Chen JE, Yan X. An analytical reconstruction model of the spread-out Bragg peak using laser-accelerated proton beams. Phys Med Biol 2017; 62:5200-5212. [PMID: 28447960 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa6fce] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
With the development of laser technology, laser-driven proton acceleration provides a new method for proton tumor therapy. However, it has not been applied in practice because of the wide and decreasing energy spectrum of laser-accelerated proton beams. In this paper, we propose an analytical model to reconstruct the spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP) using laser-accelerated proton beams. Firstly, we present a modified weighting formula for protons of different energies. Secondly, a theoretical model for the reconstruction of SOBPs with laser-accelerated proton beams has been built. It can quickly calculate the number of laser shots needed for each energy interval of the laser-accelerated protons. Finally, we show the 2D reconstruction results of SOBPs for laser-accelerated proton beams and the ideal situation. The final results show that our analytical model can give an SOBP reconstruction scheme that can be used for actual tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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13
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Fernández JC, Cort Gautier D, Huang C, Palaniyappan S, Albright BJ, Bang W, Dyer G, Favalli A, Hunter JF, Mendez J, Roth M, Swinhoe M, Bradley PA, Deppert O, Espy M, Falk K, Guler N, Hamilton C, Hegelich BM, Henzlova D, Ianakiev KD, Iliev M, Johnson RP, Kleinschmidt A, Losko AS, McCary E, Mocko M, Nelson RO, Roycroft R, Santiago Cordoba MA, Schanz VA, Schaumann G, Schmidt DW, Sefkow A, Shimada T, Taddeucci TN, Tebartz A, Vogel SC, Vold E, Wurden GA, Yin L. Laser-plasmas in the relativistic-transparency regime: Science and applications. PHYSICS OF PLASMAS 2017; 24:056702. [PMID: 28652684 PMCID: PMC5449275 DOI: 10.1063/1.4983991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Laser-plasma interactions in the novel regime of relativistically induced transparency (RIT) have been harnessed to generate intense ion beams efficiently with average energies exceeding 10 MeV/nucleon (>100 MeV for protons) at "table-top" scales in experiments at the LANL Trident Laser. By further optimization of the laser and target, the RIT regime has been extended into a self-organized plasma mode. This mode yields an ion beam with much narrower energy spread while maintaining high ion energy and conversion efficiency. This mode involves self-generation of persistent high magnetic fields (∼104 T, according to particle-in-cell simulations of the experiments) at the rear-side of the plasma. These magnetic fields trap the laser-heated multi-MeV electrons, which generate a high localized electrostatic field (∼0.1 T V/m). After the laser exits the plasma, this electric field acts on a highly structured ion-beam distribution in phase space to reduce the energy spread, thus separating acceleration and energy-spread reduction. Thus, ion beams with narrow energy peaks at up to 18 MeV/nucleon are generated reproducibly with high efficiency (≈5%). The experimental demonstration has been done with 0.12 PW, high-contrast, 0.6 ps Gaussian 1.053 μm laser pulses irradiating planar foils up to 250 nm thick at 2-8 × 1020 W/cm2. These ion beams with co-propagating electrons have been used on Trident for uniform volumetric isochoric heating to generate and study warm-dense matter at high densities. These beam plasmas have been directed also at a thick Ta disk to generate a directed, intense point-like Bremsstrahlung source of photons peaked at ∼2 MeV and used it for point projection radiography of thick high density objects. In addition, prior work on the intense neutron beam driven by an intense deuterium beam generated in the RIT regime has been extended. Neutron spectral control by means of a flexible converter-disk design has been demonstrated, and the neutron beam has been used for point-projection imaging of thick objects. The plans and prospects for further improvements and applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Fernández
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D Cort Gautier
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Chengkung Huang
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | | | - Brian J Albright
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | | | - Gilliss Dyer
- Physics Department, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Andrea Favalli
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - James F Hunter
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Jacob Mendez
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Markus Roth
- Institute for Nuclear Physics, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Martyn Swinhoe
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Paul A Bradley
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Oliver Deppert
- Institute for Nuclear Physics, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michelle Espy
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Katerina Falk
- Institute of Physics of the ASCR, ELI-Beamlines, 182 21 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | | | - Christopher Hamilton
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | | | - Daniela Henzlova
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Kiril D Ianakiev
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Metodi Iliev
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Randall P Johnson
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Annika Kleinschmidt
- Institute for Nuclear Physics, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Adrian S Losko
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Edward McCary
- Physics Department, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Michal Mocko
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Ronald O Nelson
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Rebecca Roycroft
- Physics Department, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | | | - Victor A Schanz
- Institute for Nuclear Physics, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Gabriel Schaumann
- Institute for Nuclear Physics, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Derek W Schmidt
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | | | - Tsutomu Shimada
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Terry N Taddeucci
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Alexandra Tebartz
- Institute for Nuclear Physics, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sven C Vogel
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Erik Vold
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Glen A Wurden
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Lin Yin
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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14
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Borghesi M, Fuchs J, Bulanov SV, MacKinnon AJ, Patel PK, Roth M. Fast Ion Generation by High-Intensity Laser Irradiation of Solid Targets and Applications. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst06-a1159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Borghesi
- The Queen’s University, School of Mathematics and Physics, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - J. Fuchs
- Laboratoire pour l’Utilisation des Lasers Intenses, UMR 7605 CNRS-CEA-École Polytechnique-Université Paris VI, 91128 Palaiseau 3, France
- University of Nevada, Physics Department, MS-220, Reno, Nevada 89557
| | - S. V. Bulanov
- Kansai Research Establishment, APRC-JAERI, Kizu, Japan
| | - A. J. MacKinnon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California
| | - P. K. Patel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California
| | - M. Roth
- Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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15
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Laser-Driven Ion Acceleration from Plasma Micro-Channel Targets. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42666. [PMID: 28218247 PMCID: PMC5316955 DOI: 10.1038/srep42666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient energy boost of the laser-accelerated ions is critical for their applications in biomedical and hadron research. Achiev-able energies continue to rise, with currently highest energies, allowing access to medical therapy energy windows. Here, a new regime of simultaneous acceleration of ~100 MeV protons and multi-100 MeV carbon-ions from plasma micro-channel targets is proposed by using a ~1020 W/cm2 modest intensity laser pulse. It is found that two trains of overdense electron bunches are dragged out from the micro-channel and effectively accelerated by the longitudinal electric-field excited in the plasma channel. With the optimized channel size, these “superponderomotive” energetic electrons can be focused on the front surface of the attached plastic substrate. The much intense sheath electric-field is formed on the rear side, leading to up to ~10-fold ionic energy increase compared to the simple planar geometry. The analytical prediction of the optimal channel size and ion maximum energies is derived, which shows good agreement with the particle-in-cell simulations.
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16
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Elkamash IS, Kourakis I. Multispecies plasma expansion into vacuum: The role of secondary ions and suprathermal electrons. Phys Rev E 2016; 94:053202. [PMID: 27967187 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.94.053202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The self-similar expansion of multispecies ion plasma is investigated by a two-ion fluid model with adiabatic equation of state for each ionic species. Our aim is to elucidate the effect of secondary ions on a plasma expansion front, in combination with energetic (suprathermal) electrons in the background, modeled by a kappa-type distribution function. The plasma density, velocity, and electric-field profile is investigated. It is shown that energetic electrons have a significant effect on the expansion front dynamics, essentially energizing the front, thus enhancing the ion acceleration mechanism. Different special cases are considered as regards the relative magnitude of the ion mass and/or charge state.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Elkamash
- Centre for Plasma Physics, Queen's University Belfast, BT7 1NN Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.,Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - I Kourakis
- Centre for Plasma Physics, Queen's University Belfast, BT7 1NN Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
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17
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Altana C, Lanzalone G, Mascali D, Muoio A, Cirrone GAP, Schillaci F, Tudisco S. Ion acceleration with a narrow energy spectrum by nanosecond laser-irradiation of solid target. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:02A914. [PMID: 26931975 DOI: 10.1063/1.4936091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In laser-driven plasma, ion acceleration of aluminum with the production of a quasi-monoenergetic beam has occurred. A useful device to analyze the ions is the Thomson parabolas spectrometer, a well-known diagnostic that is able to obtain information on charge-to-mass ratio and energy distribution of the charged particles. At the LENS (Laser Energy for Nuclear Science) laboratory of INFN-LNS in Catania, experimental measures were carried out; the features of LENS are: Q-switched Nd:YAG laser with 2 J laser energy, 1064 nm fundamental wavelengths, and 6 ns pulse duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Altana
- Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - G Lanzalone
- Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - D Mascali
- Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - A Muoio
- Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - G A P Cirrone
- Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - F Schillaci
- Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - S Tudisco
- Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
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18
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Tudisco S, Altana C, Lanzalone G, Muoio A, Cirrone GAP, Mascali D, Schillaci F, Brandi F, Cristoforetti G, Ferrara P, Fulgentini L, Koester P, Labate L, Palla D, Gizzi LA. Investigation on target normal sheath acceleration through measurements of ions energy distribution. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:02A909. [PMID: 26931970 DOI: 10.1063/1.4934691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An experimental campaign aiming at investigating the ion acceleration mechanisms through laser-matter interaction in femtosecond domain has been carried out at the Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory facility with a laser intensity of up to 2 × 10(19) W/cm(2). A Thomson parabola spectrometer was used to obtain the spectra of the ions of the different species accelerated. Here, we show the energy spectra of light-ions and we discuss their dependence on structural characteristics of the target and the role of surface and target bulk in the acceleration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tudisco
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - C Altana
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - G Lanzalone
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - A Muoio
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - G A P Cirrone
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - D Mascali
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - F Schillaci
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - F Brandi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Cristoforetti
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - P Ferrara
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - L Fulgentini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - P Koester
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - L Labate
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - D Palla
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - L A Gizzi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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19
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Doria D, Kar S, Ahmed H, Alejo A, Fernandez J, Cerchez M, Gray RJ, Hanton F, MacLellan DA, McKenna P, Najmudin Z, Neely D, Romagnani L, Ruiz JA, Sarri G, Scullion C, Streeter M, Swantusch M, Willi O, Zepf M, Borghesi M. Calibration of BAS-TR image plate response to high energy (3-300 MeV) carbon ions. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2015; 86:123302. [PMID: 26724017 DOI: 10.1063/1.4935582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents the calibration of Fuji BAS-TR image plate (IP) response to high energy carbon ions of different charge states by employing an intense laser-driven ion source, which allowed access to carbon energies up to 270 MeV. The calibration method consists of employing a Thomson parabola spectrometer to separate and spectrally resolve different ion species, and a slotted CR-39 solid state detector overlayed onto an image plate for an absolute calibration of the IP signal. An empirical response function was obtained which can be reasonably extrapolated to higher ion energies. The experimental data also show that the IP response is independent of ion charge states.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Doria
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - S Kar
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - H Ahmed
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - A Alejo
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - J Fernandez
- Instituto de Fusión Nuclear, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - M Cerchez
- Institut für Laser-und Plasmaphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - R J Gray
- Department of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - F Hanton
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - D A MacLellan
- Department of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - P McKenna
- Department of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - Z Najmudin
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - D Neely
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - L Romagnani
- LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Route de Saclay, Palaiseau Cedex 91128, France
| | - J A Ruiz
- Colegio Los Naranjos, Fuenlabrada, Madrid 28941, Spain
| | - G Sarri
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - C Scullion
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - M Streeter
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - M Swantusch
- Institut für Laser-und Plasmaphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - O Willi
- Institut für Laser-und Plasmaphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - M Zepf
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - M Borghesi
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
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20
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Baccou C, Yahia V, Depierreux S, Neuville C, Goyon C, Consoli F, De Angelis R, Ducret JE, Boutoux G, Rafelski J, Labaune C. CR-39 track detector calibration for H, He, and C ions from 0.1-0.5 MeV up to 5 MeV for laser-induced nuclear fusion product identification. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2015; 86:083307. [PMID: 26329181 DOI: 10.1063/1.4927684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Laser-accelerated ion beams can be used in many applications and, especially, to initiate nuclear reactions out of thermal equilibrium. We have experimentally studied aneutronic fusion reactions induced by protons accelerated by the Target Normal Sheath Acceleration mechanism, colliding with a boron target. Such experiments require a rigorous method to identify the reaction products (alpha particles) collected in detectors among a few other ion species such as protons or carbon ions, for example. CR-39 track detectors are widely used because they are mostly sensitive to ions and their efficiency is near 100%. We present a complete calibration of CR-39 track detector for protons, alpha particles, and carbon ions. We give measurements of their track diameters for energy ranging from hundreds of keV to a few MeV and for etching times between 1 and 8 h. We used these results to identify alpha particles in our experiments on proton-boron fusion reactions initiated by laser-accelerated protons. We show that their number clearly increases when the boron fuel is preformed in a plasma state.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Baccou
- LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - V Yahia
- LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | | | | | - C Goyon
- LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - F Consoli
- ENEA for EUROfusion, Via E. Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati (Rome), Italy
| | - R De Angelis
- ENEA for EUROfusion, Via E. Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati (Rome), Italy
| | - J E Ducret
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - G Boutoux
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - J Rafelski
- Department of Physics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0081, USA
| | - C Labaune
- LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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Busold S, Schumacher D, Brabetz C, Jahn D, Kroll F, Deppert O, Schramm U, Cowan TE, Blažević A, Bagnoud V, Roth M. Towards highest peak intensities for ultra-short MeV-range ion bunches. Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26212024 PMCID: PMC4515640 DOI: 10.1038/srep12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A laser-driven, multi-MeV-range ion beamline has been installed at the GSI Helmholtz center for heavy ion research. The high-power laser PHELIX drives the very short (picosecond) ion acceleration on μm scale, with energies ranging up to 28.4 MeV for protons in a continuous spectrum. The necessary beam shaping behind the source is accomplished by applying magnetic ion lenses like solenoids and quadrupoles and a radiofrequency cavity. Based on the unique beam properties from the laser-driven source, high-current single bunches could be produced and characterized in a recent experiment: At a central energy of 7.8 MeV, up to 5 × 10(8) protons could be re-focused in time to a FWHM bunch length of τ = (462 ± 40) ps via phase focusing. The bunches show a moderate energy spread between 10% and 15% (ΔE/E0 at FWHM) and are available at 6 m distance to the source und thus separated from the harsh laser-matter interaction environment. These successful experiments represent the basis for developing novel laser-driven ion beamlines and accessing highest peak intensities for ultra-short MeV-range ion bunches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Busold
- 1] GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstr. 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany [2] Helmholtz Institut Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07734 Jena, Germany
| | - Dennis Schumacher
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstr. 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christian Brabetz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstr. 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Diana Jahn
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institut für Kernphysik, Schloßgartenstraße 9, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Florian Kroll
- 1] Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany [2] Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver Deppert
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institut für Kernphysik, Schloßgartenstraße 9, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schramm
- 1] Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany [2] Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas E Cowan
- 1] Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany [2] Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Abel Blažević
- 1] GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstr. 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany [2] Helmholtz Institut Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07734 Jena, Germany
| | - Vincent Bagnoud
- 1] GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstr. 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany [2] Helmholtz Institut Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07734 Jena, Germany
| | - Markus Roth
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institut für Kernphysik, Schloßgartenstraße 9, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
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22
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Braenzel J, Andreev AA, Platonov K, Klingsporn M, Ehrentraut L, Sandner W, Schnürer M. Coulomb-driven energy boost of heavy ions for laser-plasma acceleration. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:124801. [PMID: 25860747 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.124801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented increase of kinetic energy of laser accelerated heavy ions is demonstrated. Ultrathin gold foils have been irradiated by an ultrashort laser pulse at a peak intensity of 8×10^{19} W/ cm^{2}. Highly charged gold ions with kinetic energies up to >200 MeV and a bandwidth limited energy distribution have been reached by using 1.3 J laser energy on target. 1D and 2D particle in cell simulations show how a spatial dependence on the ion's ionization leads to an enhancement of the accelerating electrical field. Our theoretical model considers a spatial distribution of the ionization inside the thin target, leading to a field enhancement for the heavy ions by Coulomb explosion. It is capable of explaining the energy boost of highly charged ions, enabling a higher efficiency for the laser-driven heavy ion acceleration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Braenzel
- Max Born Institute, Max Born Strasse 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Technical University Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - A A Andreev
- Max Born Institute, Max Born Strasse 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Vavilov State Optical Institute, Birzhevaya line 12, 199064 St. Petersburg, Russia
- St. Petersburg University, University emb.7, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - K Platonov
- Vavilov State Optical Institute, Birzhevaya line 12, 199064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M Klingsporn
- IHP, Im Technologiepark 25, 15236 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - L Ehrentraut
- Max Born Institute, Max Born Strasse 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - W Sandner
- Max Born Institute, Max Born Strasse 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Technical University Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- ELI-DC International Association AISBL, Platanenallee 6, Zeuthen 15738, Germany
| | - M Schnürer
- Max Born Institute, Max Born Strasse 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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23
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Gambino N, Brandstätter M, Rollinger B, Abhari R. A hemispherical Langmuir probe array detector for angular resolved measurements on droplet-based laser-produced plasmas. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2014; 85:093302. [PMID: 25273714 DOI: 10.1063/1.4894676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a new diagnostic tool for laser-produced plasmas (LPPs) is presented. The detector is based on a multiple array of six motorized Langmuir probes. It allows to measure the dynamics of a LPP in terms of charged particles detection with particular attention to droplet-based LPP sources for EUV lithography. The system design permits to temporally resolve the angular and radial plasma charge distribution and to obtain a hemispherical mapping of the ions and electrons around the droplet plasma. The understanding of these dynamics is fundamental to improve the debris mitigation techniques for droplet-based LPP sources. The device has been developed, built, and employed at the Laboratory for Energy Conversion, ETH Zürich. The experimental results have been obtained on the droplet-based LPP source ALPS II. For the first time, 2D mappings of the ion kinetic energy distribution around the droplet plasma have been obtained with an array of multiple Langmuir probes. These measurements show an anisotropic expansion of the ions in terms of kinetic energy and amount of ion charge around the droplet target. First estimations of the plasma density and electron temperature were also obtained from the analysis of the probe current signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Gambino
- ETH Zürich, Laboratory for Energy Conversion, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Brandstätter
- ETH Zürich, Laboratory for Energy Conversion, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bob Rollinger
- ETH Zürich, Laboratory for Energy Conversion, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Reza Abhari
- ETH Zürich, Laboratory for Energy Conversion, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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24
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Wang HY, Lin C, Liu B, Sheng ZM, Lu HY, Ma WJ, Bin JH, Schreiber J, He XT, Chen JE, Zepf M, Yan XQ. Laser-driven three-stage heavy-ion acceleration from relativistic laser-plasma interaction. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 89:013107. [PMID: 24580346 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.89.013107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A three-stage heavy ion acceleration scheme for generation of high-energy quasimonoenergetic heavy ion beams is investigated using two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation and analytical modeling. The scheme is based on the interaction of an intense linearly polarized laser pulse with a compound two-layer target (a front heavy ion layer + a second light ion layer). We identify that, under appropriate conditions, the heavy ions preaccelerated by a two-stage acceleration process in the front layer can be injected into the light ion shock wave in the second layer for a further third-stage acceleration. These injected heavy ions are not influenced by the screening effect from the light ions, and an isolated high-energy heavy ion beam with relatively low-energy spread is thus formed. Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations show that ∼100MeV/u quasimonoenergetic Fe24+ beams can be obtained by linearly polarized laser pulses at intensities of 1.1×1021W/cm2.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, and Key Lab of High Energy Density Physics Simulation, CAPT, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China and Helmholtz Institute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - C Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, and Key Lab of High Energy Density Physics Simulation, CAPT, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - B Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, and Key Lab of High Energy Density Physics Simulation, CAPT, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Z M Sheng
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MoE) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - H Y Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, and Key Lab of High Energy Density Physics Simulation, CAPT, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - W J Ma
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85748 Garching, Germany and Fakultät für Physik, LMU München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - J H Bin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85748 Garching, Germany and Fakultät für Physik, LMU München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - J Schreiber
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85748 Garching, Germany and Fakultät für Physik, LMU München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - X T He
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, and Key Lab of High Energy Density Physics Simulation, CAPT, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - J E Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, and Key Lab of High Energy Density Physics Simulation, CAPT, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - M Zepf
- Helmholtz Institute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - X Q Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, and Key Lab of High Energy Density Physics Simulation, CAPT, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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25
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Zheng Y, Su LN, Liu M, Liu BC, Shen ZW, Fan HT, Li YT, Chen LM, Lu X, Ma JL, Wang WM, Wang ZH, Wei ZY, Zhang J. Note: A new angle-resolved proton energy spectrometer. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:096103. [PMID: 24089878 DOI: 10.1063/1.4820918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In typical laser-driven proton acceleration experiments Thomson parabola proton spectrometers are used to measure the proton spectra with very small acceptance angle in specific directions. Stacks composed of CR-39 nuclear track detectors, imaging plates, or radiochromic films are used to measure the angular distributions of the proton beams, respectively. In this paper, a new proton spectrometer, which can measure the spectra and angular distributions simultaneously, has been designed. Proton acceleration experiments performed on the Xtreme light III laser system demonstrates that the spectrometer can give angle-resolved spectra with a large acceptance angle. This will be conductive to revealing the acceleration mechanisms, optimization, and applications of laser-driven proton beams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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26
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Prasad R, Abicht F, Borghesi M, Braenzel J, Nickles PV, Priebe G, Schnürer M, Ter-Avetisyan S. Thomson spectrometer-microchannel plate assembly calibration for MeV-range positive and negative ions, and neutral atoms. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:053302. [PMID: 23742540 DOI: 10.1063/1.4803670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report on the absolute calibration of a microchannel plate (MCP) detector, used in conjunction with a Thomson parabola spectrometer. The calibration delivers the relation between a registered count numbers in the CCD camera (on which the MCP phosphor screen is imaged) and the number of ions incident on MCP. The particle response of the MCP is evaluated for positive, negative, and neutral particles at energies below 1 MeV. As the response of MCP depends on the energy and the species of the ions, the calibration is fundamental for the correct interpretation of the experimental results. The calibration method and arrangement exploits the unique emission symmetry of a specific source of fast ions and atoms driven by a high power laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Prasad
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
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27
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Gauthier M, Chen SN, Levy A, Audebert P, Blancard C, Ceccotti T, Cerchez M, Doria D, Floquet V, Lamour E, Peth C, Romagnani L, Rozet JP, Scheinder M, Shepherd R, Toncian T, Vernhet D, Willi O, Borghesi M, Faussurier G, Fuchs J. Charge equilibrium of a laser-generated carbon-ion beam in warm dense matter. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:135003. [PMID: 23581330 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.135003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Using ion carbon beams generated by high intensity short pulse lasers we perform measurements of single shot mean charge equilibration in cold or isochorically heated solid density aluminum matter. We demonstrate that plasma effects in such matter heated up to 1 eV do not significantly impact the equilibration of carbon ions with energies 0.045-0.5 MeV/nucleon. Furthermore, these measurements allow for a first evaluation of semiempirical formulas or ab initio models that are being used to predict the mean of the equilibrium charge state distribution for light ions passing through warm dense matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gauthier
- LULI, École Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC Université Paris 6, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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28
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Daido H, Nishiuchi M, Pirozhkov AS. Review of laser-driven ion sources and their applications. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2012; 75:056401. [PMID: 22790586 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/75/5/056401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
For many years, laser-driven ion acceleration, mainly proton acceleration, has been proposed and a number of proof-of-principle experiments have been carried out with lasers whose pulse duration was in the nanosecond range. In the 1990s, ion acceleration in a relativistic plasma was demonstrated with ultra-short pulse lasers based on the chirped pulse amplification technique which can provide not only picosecond or femtosecond laser pulse duration, but simultaneously ultra-high peak power of terawatt to petawatt levels. Starting from the year 2000, several groups demonstrated low transverse emittance, tens of MeV proton beams with a conversion efficiency of up to several percent. The laser-accelerated particle beams have a duration of the order of a few picoseconds at the source, an ultra-high peak current and a broad energy spectrum, which make them suitable for many, including several unique, applications. This paper reviews, firstly, the historical background including the early laser-matter interaction studies on energetic ion acceleration relevant to inertial confinement fusion. Secondly, we describe several implemented and proposed mechanisms of proton and/or ion acceleration driven by ultra-short high-intensity lasers. We pay special attention to relatively simple models of several acceleration regimes. The models connect the laser, plasma and proton/ion beam parameters, predicting important features, such as energy spectral shape, optimum conditions and scalings under these conditions for maximum ion energy, conversion efficiency, etc. The models also suggest possible ways to manipulate the proton/ion beams by tailoring the target and irradiation conditions. Thirdly, we review experimental results on proton/ion acceleration, starting with the description of driving lasers. We list experimental results and show general trends of parameter dependences and compare them with the theoretical predictions and simulations. The fourth topic includes a review of scientific, industrial and medical applications of laser-driven proton or ion sources, some of which have already been established, while the others are yet to be demonstrated. In most applications, the laser-driven ion sources are complementary to the conventional accelerators, exhibiting significantly different properties. Finally, we summarize the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Daido
- Applied Laser Technology Institute, Tsuruga Head Office, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Kizaki, Tsuruga-shi, Fukui-ken 914-8585, Japan.
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29
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Fiorini F, Kirby D, Borghesi M, Doria D, Jeynes JCG, Kakolee KF, Kar S, Litt SK, Kirkby KJ, Merchant MJ, Green S. Dosimetry and spectral analysis of a radiobiological experiment using laser-driven proton beams. Phys Med Biol 2011; 56:6969-82. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/56/21/013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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30
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Jung D, Yin L, Albright BJ, Gautier DC, Hörlein R, Kiefer D, Henig A, Johnson R, Letzring S, Palaniyappan S, Shah R, Shimada T, Yan XQ, Bowers KJ, Tajima T, Fernández JC, Habs D, Hegelich BM. Monoenergetic ion beam generation by driving ion solitary waves with circularly polarized laser light. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:115002. [PMID: 22026679 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.115002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Experimental data from the Trident Laser facility is presented showing quasimonoenergetic carbon ions from nm-scaled foil targets with an energy spread of as low as ±15% at 35 MeV. These results and high-resolution kinetic simulations show laser acceleration of quasimonoenergetic ion beams by the generation of ion solitons with circularly polarized laser pulses (500 fs, λ=1054 nm). The conversion efficiency into monoenergetic ions is increased by an order of magnitude compared with previous experimental results, representing an important step towards applications such as ion fast ignition.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Jung
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
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31
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Yin L, Albright BJ, Bowers KJ, Jung D, Fernández JC, Hegelich BM. Three-dimensional dynamics of breakout afterburner ion acceleration using high-contrast short-pulse laser and nanoscale targets. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:045003. [PMID: 21867015 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.045003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Breakout afterburner (BOA) laser-ion acceleration has been demonstrated for the first time in the laboratory. In the BOA, an initially solid-density target undergoes relativistically induced transparency, initiating a period of enhanced ion acceleration. First-ever kinetic simulations of the BOA in three dimensions show that the ion beam forms lobes in the direction orthogonal to laser polarization and propagation. Analytic theory presented for the electron dynamics in the laser ponderomotive field explains how azimuthal symmetry breaks even for a symmetric laser intensity profile; these results are consistent with recent experiments at the Trident laser facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Yin
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
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32
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Freeman CG, Fiksel G, Stoeckl C, Sinenian N, Canfield MJ, Graeper GB, Lombardo AT, Stillman CR, Padalino SJ, Mileham C, Sangster TC, Frenje JA. Calibration of a Thomson parabola ion spectrometer and Fujifilm imaging plate detectors for protons, deuterons, and alpha particles. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2011; 82:073301. [PMID: 21806176 DOI: 10.1063/1.3606446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A Thomson parabola ion spectrometer has been designed for use at the Multiterawatt (MTW) laser facility at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE) at the University of Rochester. This device uses parallel electric and magnetic fields to deflect particles of a given mass-to-charge ratio onto parabolic curves on the detector plane. Once calibrated, the position of the ions on the detector plane can be used to determine the particle energy. The position dispersion of both the electric and magnetic fields of the Thomson parabola was measured using monoenergetic proton and alpha particle beams from the SUNY Geneseo 1.7 MV tandem Pelletron accelerator. The sensitivity of Fujifilm BAS-TR imaging plates, used as a detector in the Thomson parabola, was also measured as a function of the incident particle energy over the range from 0.6 MeV to 3.4 MeV for protons and deuterons and from 0.9 MeV to 5.4 MeV for alpha particles. The device was used to measure the energy spectrum of laser-produced protons at MTW.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Freeman
- Physics Department, SUNY Geneseo, Geneseo, New York 14454, USA
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33
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Jung D, Hörlein R, Gautier DC, Letzring S, Kiefer D, Allinger K, Albright BJ, Shah R, Palaniyappan S, Yin L, Fernández JC, Habs D, Hegelich BM. A novel high resolution ion wide angle spectrometer. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2011; 82:043301. [PMID: 21528999 DOI: 10.1063/1.3575581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A novel ion wide angle spectrometer (iWASP) has been developed, which is capable of measuring angularly resolved energy distributions of protons and a second ion species, such as carbon C(6 +), simultaneously. The energy resolution for protons and carbon ions is better than 10% at ∼50 MeV/nucleon and thus suitable for the study of novel laser-ion acceleration schemes aiming for ultrahigh particle energies. A wedged magnet design enables an acceptance angle of 30°(∼524 mrad) and high angular accuracy in the μrad range. First, results obtained at the LANL Trident laser facility are presented demonstrating high energy and angular resolution of this novel iWASP.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Jung
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
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34
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Jung D, Hörlein R, Kiefer D, Letzring S, Gautier DC, Schramm U, Hübsch C, Öhm R, Albright BJ, Fernandez JC, Habs D, Hegelich BM. Development of a high resolution and high dispersion Thomson parabola. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2011; 82:013306. [PMID: 21280824 DOI: 10.1063/1.3523428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report on the development of a novel high resolution and high dispersion Thomson parabola for simultaneously resolving protons and low-Z ions of more than 100 MeV/nucleon necessary to explore novel laser ion acceleration schemes. High electric and magnetic fields enable energy resolutions of ΔE∕E < 5% at 100 MeV/nucleon and impede premature merging of different ion species at low energies on the detector plane. First results from laser driven ion acceleration experiments performed at the Trident Laser Facility demonstrate high resolution and superior species and charge state separation of this novel Thomson parabola for ion energies of more than 30 MeV/nucleon.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Jung
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico 87545, USA.
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35
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Barriga-Carrasco MD. Proton stopping using a full conserving dielectric function in plasmas at any degeneracy. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2010; 82:046403. [PMID: 21230401 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.82.046403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present a dielectric function including the three conservation laws (density, momentum and energy) when we take into account electron-electron collisions in a plasma at any degeneracy. This full conserving dielectric function (FCDF) reproduces the random phase approximation (RPA) and Mermin ones, which confirms this outcome. The FCDF is applied to the determination of the proton stopping power. Differences among diverse dielectric functions in the proton stopping calculation are minimal if the plasma electron collision frequency is not high enough. These discrepancies can rise up to 2% between RPA values and the FCDF ones, and to 8% between the Mermin ones and FCDF ones. The similarity between RPA and FCDF results is not surprising, as all conservation laws are also considered in RPA dielectric function. Even for plasmas with low collision frequencies, those discrepancies follow the same behavior as for plasmas with higher frequencies. Then, discrepancies do not depend on the plasma degeneracy but essentially do on the value of the plasma collision frequency.
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36
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Albright BJ, Yin L, Hegelich BM, Bowers KJ, Huang C, Henig A, Fernández JC, Flippo KA, Gaillard SA, Kwan TJT, Yan XQ, Tajima T, Habs D. Ultraintense laser interaction with nanoscale targets: a simple model for layer expansion and ion acceleration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/244/4/042022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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37
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Fujimoto M, Matsukado K, Takahashi H, Kawada Y, Ohsuka S, Aoshima SI. Repetitive production of positron emitters using deuterons accelerated by multiterawatt laser pulses. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2009; 80:113301. [PMID: 19947722 DOI: 10.1063/1.3256113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Positron emitters (11)C, (13)N, and (15)O, which can be used in positron emission tomography, were produced using deuterons accelerated by irradiation of laser pulses approximately 70 TW in peak power and approximately 30 fs in duration with a repetition of 10 Hz during a period of as long as 200 s. Every laser pulse irradiates the fresh surface of a long strip of a solid-state thin film. Deuterons contained in the film are accelerated in the relativistic plasma induced by the pulse. The deuterons are repetitively incident on solid plates, which are placed near the film, to produce positron emitters by nuclear reactions. The radioactivities of the activated plates are measured after the termination of laser irradiation. In activation of graphite, boron-nitride, and melamine plates, the products had total activities of 64, 46, and 153 Bq, respectively. Contamination in the setup was negligible even after several thousands of laser shots. Our apparatus is expected to greatly contribute to the construction of a compact PET diagnostic system in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Fujimoto
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., 5000 Hirakuchi, Hamakita, Hamamatsu City 434-8601, Japan
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38
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Sokollik T, Schnürer M, Steinke S, Nickles PV, Sandner W, Amin M, Toncian T, Willi O, Andreev AA. Directional laser-driven ion acceleration from microspheres. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:135003. [PMID: 19905518 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.135003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Laser-driven ion acceleration is capable of generating ion beams of MeV energy exhibiting unique attributes such as ultralow emittance. Research is still focusing on fundamental laser-target interactions to control further beam attributes. In this Letter we present the observation of directional ion acceleration of irradiated spherical targets through proton imaging. This feature, together with an earlier observed quasimonoenergetic proton burst makes spherical targets extremely attractive candidates for high quality, high repetition rate sources of laser accelerated particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sokollik
- Max-Born-Institut, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
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39
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Henig A, Kiefer D, Markey K, Gautier DC, Flippo KA, Letzring S, Johnson RP, Shimada T, Yin L, Albright BJ, Bowers KJ, Fernández JC, Rykovanov SG, Wu HC, Zepf M, Jung D, Liechtenstein VK, Schreiber J, Habs D, Hegelich BM. Enhanced laser-driven ion acceleration in the relativistic transparency regime. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:045002. [PMID: 19659362 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.045002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report on the acceleration of ion beams from ultrathin diamondlike carbon foils of thickness 50, 30, and 10 nm irradiated by ultrahigh contrast laser pulses at intensities of approximately 7 x 10;{19} W/cm;{2}. An unprecedented maximum energy of 185 MeV (15 MeV/u) for fully ionized carbon atoms is observed at the optimum thickness of 30 nm. The enhanced acceleration is attributed to self-induced transparency, leading to strong volumetric heating of the classically overdense electron population in the bulk of the target. Our experimental results are supported by both particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations and an analytical model.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Henig
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany.
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40
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Chen M, Pukhov A, Yu TP, Sheng ZM. Enhanced collimated GeV monoenergetic ion acceleration from a shaped foil target irradiated by a circularly polarized laser pulse. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:024801. [PMID: 19659213 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.024801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Using multidimensional particle-in-cell simulations we study ion acceleration from a foil irradiated by a circularly polarized laser pulse at 10;{22} W/cm;{2} intensity. When the foil is shaped initially in the transverse direction to match the laser intensity profile, three different regions (acceleration, transparency, and deformation region) are observed. In the acceleration region, the foil can be uniformly accelerated for a longer time compared to a usual flat target. Undesirable plasma heating is effectively suppressed. The final energy spectrum of the accelerated ion beam in the acceleration region is improved dramatically. Collimated GeV quasi-monoenergetic ion beams carrying as much as 19% of the laser energy are observed in multidimensional simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chen
- Institut für Theoretische Physik I, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
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41
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Higginbotham AP, Semonin O, Bruce S, Chan C, Maindi M, Donnelly TD, Maurer M, Bang W, Churina I, Osterholz J, Kim I, Bernstein AC, Ditmire T. Generation of Mie size microdroplet aerosols with applications in laser-driven fusion experiments. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2009; 80:063503. [PMID: 19566203 DOI: 10.1063/1.3155302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a tunable source of Mie scale microdroplet aerosols that can be used for the generation of energetic ions. To demonstrate this potential, a terawatt Ti:Al2O3 laser focused to 2 x 10(19) W/cm2 was used to irradiate heavy water (D2O) aerosols composed of micron-scale droplets. Energetic deuterium ions, which were generated in the laser-droplet interaction, produced deuterium-deuterium fusion with approximately 2 x 10(3) fusion neutrons measured per joule of incident laser energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Higginbotham
- Department of Physics, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, California 91711, USA
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42
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Ji L, Shen B, Zhang X, Wang F, Jin Z, Li X, Wen M, Cary JR. Generating monoenergetic heavy-ion bunches with laser-induced electrostatic shocks. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:164802. [PMID: 18999675 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.164802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A method for efficient laser acceleration of heavy ions by electrostatic shock is investigated using particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation and analytical modeling. When a small number of heavy ions are mixed with light ions, the heavy ions can be accelerated to the same velocity as the light ions so that they gain much higher energy because of their large mass. Accordingly, a sandwich target design with a thin compound ion layer between two light-ion layers and a micro-structured target design are proposed for obtaining monoenergetic heavy-ion beams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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43
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Flippo KA, Workman J, Gautier DC, Letzring S, Johnson RP, Shimada T. Scaling laws for energetic ions from the commissioning of the new Los Alamos National Laboratory 200 TW Trident laser. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2008; 79:10E534. [PMID: 19044515 DOI: 10.1063/1.2987678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The recent Los Alamos National Laboratory Trident laser enhanced from 30 to 200 TW in power allows more than 100 J to be delivered on target in 500 fs with a spot size smaller than 12 microm at full width at half maximum. 15 microm flat-foil targets have been observed to produce proton beams in excess of 50 MeV at an intensity of only approximately 4x10(19) W/cm(2) with efficiencies approaching 5%. The Trident laser beam characteristics are presented along with the data compared to published scaling laws for proton acceleration.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Flippo
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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44
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Nodera Y, Kawata S, Onuma N, Limpouch J, Klimo O, Kikuchi T. Improvement of energy-conversion efficiency from laser to proton beam in a laser-foil interaction. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2008; 78:046401. [PMID: 18999537 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.78.046401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2008] [Revised: 09/17/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Improvement of energy-conversion efficiency from laser to proton beam is demonstrated by particle simulations in a laser-foil interaction. When an intense short-pulse laser illuminates the thin-foil target, the foil electrons are accelerated around the target by the ponderomotive force. The hot electrons generate a strong electric field, which accelerates the foil protons, and the proton beam is generated. In this paper a multihole thin-foil target is proposed in order to increase the energy-conversion efficiency from laser to protons. The multiholes transpiercing the foil target help to enhance the laser-proton energy-conversion efficiency significantly. Particle-in-cell 2.5-dimensional ( x, y, vx, vy, vz) simulations present that the total laser-proton energy-conversion efficiency becomes 9.3% for the multihole target, though the energy-conversion efficiency is 1.5% for a plain thin-foil target. The maximum proton energy is 10.0 MeV for the multihole target and is 3.14 MeV for the plain target. The transpiercing multihole target serves as a new method to increase the energy-conversion efficiency from laser to ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nodera
- Graduate School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, 7-1-2 Yohtoh, Utsunomiya 321-8585, Japan.
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45
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Cao L, Yu W, Yu MY, Xu H, He XT, Gu Y, Liu Z, Li J, Zheng C. Nonlinear laser focusing using a conical guide and generation of energetic ions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2008; 78:036405. [PMID: 18851167 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.78.036405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2008] [Revised: 06/29/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Using conventional methods, a laser pulse can be focused down to around 6-8 microm, but further reduction of the spot size has proven to be difficult. Here it is shown by particle-in-cell simulation that with a hollow cone an intense laser pulse can be reduced to a tiny, highly localized, spot of around 1 microm radius, accompanied by much enhanced light intensity. The pulse shaping and focusing effect is due to a nonlinear laser-plasma interaction on the inner surface of the cone. When a thin foil is attached to the tip of the cone, the cone-focused light pulse compresses and accelerates the ions in its path and can punch through the thin target, creating highly localized energetic ion bunches of high density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Cao
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, P.O. Box 8009, Beijing 100088, China
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46
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Harres K, Schollmeier M, Brambrink E, Audebert P, Blazević A, Flippo K, Gautier DC, Geissel M, Hegelich BM, Nürnberg F, Schreiber J, Wahl H, Roth M. Development and calibration of a Thomson parabola with microchannel plate for the detection of laser-accelerated MeV ions. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2008; 79:093306. [PMID: 19044406 DOI: 10.1063/1.2987687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This article reports on the development and application of a Thomson parabola (TP) equipped with a (90x70) mm(2) microchannel-plate (MCP) for the analysis of laser-accelerated ions, produced by a high-energy, high-intensity laser system. The MCP allows an online measurement of the produced ions in every single laser shot. An electromagnet instead of permanent magnets is used that allows the tuning of the magnetic field to adapt the field strength to the analyzed ion species and energy. We describe recent experiments at the 100 TW laser facility at the Laboratoire d'Utilization des Lasers Intenses (LULI) in Palaiseau, France, where we have observed multiple ion species and charge states with ions accelerated up to 5 MeV/u (O(+6)), emitted from the rear surface of a laser-irradiated 50 microm Au foil. Within the experiment the TP was calibrated for protons and for the first time conversion efficiencies of MeV protons (2-13 MeV) to primary electrons (electrons immediately generated by an ion impact onto a surface) in the MCP are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Harres
- Institut fur Kernphysik, Technische Universitat Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstrasse 9, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
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47
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Schollmeier M, Becker S, Geissel M, Flippo KA, Blazević A, Gaillard SA, Gautier DC, Grüner F, Harres K, Kimmel M, Nürnberg F, Rambo P, Schramm U, Schreiber J, Schütrumpf J, Schwarz J, Tahir NA, Atherton B, Habs D, Hegelich BM, Roth M. Controlled transport and focusing of laser-accelerated protons with miniature magnetic devices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:055004. [PMID: 18764401 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.055004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This Letter demonstrates the transporting and focusing of laser-accelerated 14 MeV protons by permanent magnet miniature quadrupole lenses providing field gradients of up to 500 T/m. The approach is highly reproducible and predictable, leading to a focal spot of (286 x 173) microm full width at half maximum 50 cm behind the source. It decouples the relativistic laser-proton acceleration from the beam transport, paving the way to optimize both separately. The collimation and the subsequent energy selection obtained are perfectly applicable for upcoming high-energy, high-repetition rate laser systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schollmeier
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstrasse 9, Darmstadt, Germany
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48
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Weichsel J, Fuchs T, Lefebvre E, d'Humières E, Oelfke U. Spectral features of laser-accelerated protons for radiotherapy applications. Phys Med Biol 2008; 53:4383-97. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/53/16/011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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49
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Shmatov ML. Factors determining the choice of the laser-accelerated ions for fast ignition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/112/2/022061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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50
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Grismayer T, Mora P, Adam JC, Héron A. Electron kinetic effects in plasma expansion and ion acceleration. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2008; 77:066407. [PMID: 18643383 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.77.066407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The one-dimensional expansion of a plasma slab is studied using a kinetic description of the electrons based on an adiabatic invariant. The distribution function of the electrons is determined at any time and any position. Solution of the Poisson equation then enables us to determine the electric potential and the ion acceleration. Special attention is devoted to the disassembly time of the plasma slab which appears shorter than expected, due to the distortion of the electron distribution function. The spatial structures of the ion and electron densities and velocities are presented, together with a prediction of the maximum ion velocity. The model is compared to particle-in-cell simulations and excellent agreement is found.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Grismayer
- Centre de Physique Théorique, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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