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Williams JR, Sackett CA, Ahlers H, Aveline DC, Boegel P, Botsi S, Charron E, Elliott ER, Gaaloul N, Giese E, Herr W, Kellogg JR, Kohel JM, Lay NE, Meister M, Müller G, Müller H, Oudrhiri K, Phillips L, Pichery A, Rasel EM, Roura A, Sbroscia M, Schleich WP, Schneider C, Schubert C, Sen B, Thompson RJ, Bigelow NP. Pathfinder experiments with atom interferometry in the Cold Atom Lab onboard the International Space Station. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6414. [PMID: 39138156 PMCID: PMC11322301 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50585-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Deployment of ultracold atom interferometers (AI) into space will capitalize on quantum advantages and the extended freefall of persistent microgravity to provide high-precision measurement capabilities for gravitational, Earth, and planetary sciences, and to enable searches for subtle forces signifying physics beyond General Relativity and the Standard Model. NASA's Cold Atom Lab (CAL) operates onboard the International Space Station as a multi-user facility for fundamental studies of ultracold atoms and to mature space-based quantum technologies. We report on pathfinding experiments utilizing ultracold 87Rb atoms in the CAL AI. A three-pulse Mach-Zehnder interferometer was studied to understand the influence of ISS vibrations. Additionally, Ramsey shear-wave interferometry was used to manifest interference patterns in a single run that were observable for over 150 ms free-expansion time. Finally, the CAL AI was used to remotely measure the Bragg laser photon recoil as a demonstration of the first quantum sensor using matter-wave interferometry in space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Williams
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA.
| | - Charles A Sackett
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA.
| | - Holger Ahlers
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute for Satellite Geodesy and Inertial Sensing, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - David C Aveline
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
| | - Patrick Boegel
- Institut für Quantenphysik and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sofia Botsi
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
| | - Eric Charron
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, F-91405, Orsay, France
| | - Ethan R Elliott
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
| | - Naceur Gaaloul
- Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Quantum Optics, QUEST-Leibniz Research School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Enno Giese
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Fachbereich Physik, Institut für Angewandte Physik, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Waldemar Herr
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute for Satellite Geodesy and Inertial Sensing, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - James R Kellogg
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
| | - James M Kohel
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
| | - Norman E Lay
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
| | - Matthias Meister
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Quantum Technologies, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gabriel Müller
- Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Quantum Optics, QUEST-Leibniz Research School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Holger Müller
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kamal Oudrhiri
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
| | - Leah Phillips
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
| | - Annie Pichery
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, F-91405, Orsay, France
- Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Quantum Optics, QUEST-Leibniz Research School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Ernst M Rasel
- Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Quantum Optics, QUEST-Leibniz Research School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Albert Roura
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Quantum Technologies, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Matteo Sbroscia
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
| | - Wolfgang P Schleich
- Institut für Quantenphysik and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Hagler Institute for Advanced Study, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering (IQSE), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Christian Schneider
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
| | - Christian Schubert
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute for Satellite Geodesy and Inertial Sensing, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bejoy Sen
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Robert J Thompson
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
| | - Nicholas P Bigelow
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Institute of Optics, Center for Coherence and Quantum Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA.
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Modeling Atom Interferometry Experiments with Bose–Einstein Condensates in Power-Law Potentials. ATOMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atoms10010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent atom interferometry (AI) experiments involving Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) have been conducted under extreme conditions of volume and interrogation time. Numerical solution of the rotating-frame Gross–Pitaevskii equation (RFGPE), which is the standard mean-field theory applied to these experiments, is impractical due to the excessive computation time and memory required. We present a variational model that provides approximate solutions of the RFGPE for a power-law potential on a practical time scale. This model is well-suited to the design and analysis of AI experiments involving BECs that are split and later recombined to form an interference pattern. We derive the equations of motion of the variational parameters for this model and illustrate how the model can be applied to the sequence of steps in a recent AI experiment where BECs were used to implement a dual-Sagnac atom interferometer rotation sensor. We use this model to investigate the impact of finite-size and interaction effects on the single-Sagnac-interferometer phase shift.
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3
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Fitzek F, Siemß JN, Seckmeyer S, Ahlers H, Rasel EM, Hammerer K, Gaaloul N. Universal atom interferometer simulation of elastic scattering processes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22120. [PMID: 33335161 PMCID: PMC7746744 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78859-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we introduce a universal simulation framework covering all regimes of matter-wave light-pulse elastic scattering. Applied to atom interferometry as a study case, this simulator solves the atom-light diffraction problem in the elastic case, i.e., when the internal state of the atoms remains unchanged. Taking this perspective, the light-pulse beam splitting is interpreted as a space and time-dependent external potential. In a shift from the usual approach based on a system of momentum-space ordinary differential equations, our position-space treatment is flexible and scales favourably for realistic cases where the light fields have an arbitrary complex spatial behaviour rather than being mere plane waves. Moreover, the solver architecture we developed is effortlessly extended to the problem class of trapped and interacting geometries, which has no simple formulation in the usual framework of momentum-space ordinary differential equations. We check the validity of our model by revisiting several case studies relevant to the precision atom interferometry community. We retrieve analytical solutions when they exist and extend the analysis to more complex parameter ranges in a cross-regime fashion. The flexibility of the approach, the insight it gives, its numerical scalability and accuracy make it an exquisite tool to design, understand and quantitatively analyse metrology-oriented matter-wave interferometry experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Fitzek
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167, Hannover, Germany.,Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan-Niclas Siemß
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167, Hannover, Germany.,Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Seckmeyer
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Holger Ahlers
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ernst M Rasel
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Klemens Hammerer
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Naceur Gaaloul
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167, Hannover, Germany.
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Wen K, Meng Z, Wang P, Wang L, Chen L, Huang L, Zhou L, Cui X, Zhang J. Observation of sub-wavelength phase structure of matter wave with two-dimensional optical lattice by Kapitza-Dirac diffraction. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5870. [PMID: 32246123 PMCID: PMC7125164 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62551-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We report an experimental demonstration of generation and measurement of sub-wavelength phase structure of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) with two-dimensional optical lattice. This is implemented by applying a short lattice pulse on BEC in the Kapitza-Dirac (or Raman-Nath) regime, which, in the classical picture, corresponds to phase modulation imprinted on matter wave. When the phase modulation is larger than 2π in a lattice cell, the periodicity of phase naturally forms the sub-wavelength phase structure. By converting the phase information into amplitude, we are able to measure the sub-wavelength structure through the momentum distribution of BEC via the time-of-flight absorption image. Beyond the classical treatment, we further demonstrate the importance of quantum fluctuations in the formation of sub-wavelength phase structure by considering different lattice configurations. Our scheme provides a powerful tool for exploring the fine structure of a lattice cell as well as topological defects in matter wave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P.R. China
| | - Zengming Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P.R. China
| | - Pengjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P.R. China.
| | - Liangwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P.R. China
| | - Liangchao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P.R. China
| | - Lianghui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P.R. China
| | - Lihong Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiaoling Cui
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P.R. China.
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Chen L, Zhang K, Xu Y, Luo Q, Xu W, Zhou M, Hu Z. Multi-wave atom interferometer based on Doppler-insensitive Raman transition. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:8463-8474. [PMID: 32225471 DOI: 10.1364/oe.387086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An atom interferometer based on Doppler-insensitive Raman transition is proposed, which has sharply peaked interference fringes for multi-wave interference. We show that two sets of counter-propagating Doppler-insensitive Raman beam pairs can be used to construct a new type of multi-wave beam splitter, which can be used to construct an atom interferometer. Although the spacing between adjacent diffraction orders of the interferometer is small, they can be distinguished by the internal state of the atom. Our analysis shows that the width of the fringes of this atom interferometer is inversely proportional to the width (duration) of the beam splitter and the Rabi frequency of the Raman beams, that is, the interferometer can achieve high resolution at high light intensity and long pulse width.
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6
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Plotkin-Swing B, Gochnauer D, McAlpine KE, Cooper ES, Jamison AO, Gupta S. Three-Path Atom Interferometry with Large Momentum Separation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:133201. [PMID: 30312085 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.133201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the scale up of a symmetric three-path contrast interferometer to large momentum separation. The observed phase stability at separation of 112 photon recoil momenta exceeds the performance of earlier free-space interferometers. In addition to the symmetric interferometer geometry and Bose-Einstein condensate source, the robust scalability of our approach relies on the suppression of undesired diffraction phases through a careful choice of atom optics parameters. The interferometer phase evolution is quadratic with number of recoils, reaching a rate as high as 7×10^{7} rad/s. We discuss the applicability of our method towards a new measurement of the fine-structure constant and a test of QED.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Gochnauer
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | | | - Eric S Cooper
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Alan O Jamison
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Subhadeep Gupta
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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7
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8
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9
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Oh E, Horne RA, Sackett CA. Fast phase stabilization of a low frequency beat note for atom interferometry. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:063105. [PMID: 27370424 DOI: 10.1063/1.4953338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Atom interferometry experiments rely on the ability to obtain a stable signal that corresponds to an atomic phase. For interferometers that use laser beams to manipulate the atoms, noise in the lasers can lead to errors in the atomic measurement. In particular, it is often necessary to actively stabilize the optical phase between two frequency components of the beams. Typically this is achieved using a time-domain measurement of a beat note between the two frequencies. This becomes challenging when the frequency difference is small and the phase measurement must be made quickly. The method presented here instead uses a spatial interference detection to rapidly measure the optical phase for arbitrary frequency differences. A feedback system operating at a bandwidth of about 10 MHz could then correct the phase in about 3 μs. This time is short enough that the phase correction could be applied at the start of a laser pulse without appreciably degrading the fidelity of the atom interferometer operation. The phase stabilization system was demonstrated in a simple atom interferometer measurement of the (87)Rb recoil frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Oh
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, 382 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4714, USA
| | - R A Horne
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, 382 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4714, USA
| | - C A Sackett
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, 382 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4714, USA
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10
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Quantum superposition at the half-metre scale. Nature 2016; 528:530-3. [PMID: 26701053 DOI: 10.1038/nature16155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The quantum superposition principle allows massive particles to be delocalized over distant positions. Though quantum mechanics has proved adept at describing the microscopic world, quantum superposition runs counter to intuitive conceptions of reality and locality when extended to the macroscopic scale, as exemplified by the thought experiment of Schrödinger's cat. Matter-wave interferometers, which split and recombine wave packets in order to observe interference, provide a way to probe the superposition principle on macroscopic scales and explore the transition to classical physics. In such experiments, large wave-packet separation is impeded by the need for long interaction times and large momentum beam splitters, which cause susceptibility to dephasing and decoherence. Here we use light-pulse atom interferometry to realize quantum interference with wave packets separated by up to 54 centimetres on a timescale of 1 second. These results push quantum superposition into a new macroscopic regime, demonstrating that quantum superposition remains possible at the distances and timescales of everyday life. The sub-nanokelvin temperatures of the atoms and a compensation of transverse optical forces enable a large separation while maintaining an interference contrast of 28 per cent. In addition to testing the superposition principle in a new regime, large quantum superposition states are vital to exploring gravity with atom interferometers in greater detail. We anticipate that these states could be used to increase sensitivity in tests of the equivalence principle, measure the gravitational Aharonov-Bohm effect, and eventually detect gravitational waves and phase shifts associated with general relativity.
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11
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Trubko R, Greenberg J, Germaine MTS, Gregoire MD, Holmgren WF, Hromada I, Cronin AD. Atom interferometer gyroscope with spin-dependent phase shifts induced by light near a tune-out wavelength. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:140404. [PMID: 25910097 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.140404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tune-out wavelengths measured with an atom interferometer are sensitive to laboratory rotation rates because of the Sagnac effect, vector polarizability, and dispersion compensation. We observed shifts in measured tune-out wavelengths as large as 213 pm with a potassium atom beam interferometer, and we explore how these shifts can be used for an atom interferometer gyroscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raisa Trubko
- College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - James Greenberg
- Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | | | - Maxwell D Gregoire
- Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - William F Holmgren
- Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Ivan Hromada
- Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Alexander D Cronin
- College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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12
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Marti GE, MacRae A, Olf R, Lourette S, Fang F, Stamper-Kurn DM. Coherent magnon optics in a ferromagnetic spinor Bose-Einstein condensate. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:155302. [PMID: 25375719 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.155302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We measure the dispersion relation, gap, and magnetic moment of a magnon in the ferromagnetic F = 1 spinor Bose-Einstein condensate of (87)Rb. From the dispersion relation we measure an average effective mass 1.033(2)(stat)(10)(sys) times the atomic mass, as determined by interfering standing and running coherent magnon waves within the dense and trapped condensed gas. The measured mass is higher than theoretical predictions of mean-field and beyond-mean-field Beliaev theory for a bulk spinor Bose gas with s-wave contact interactions. We observe a magnon energy gap of h × 2.5(1)(stat)(2)(sys) Hz, which is consistent with the predicted effect of magnetic dipole-dipole interactions. These dipolar interactions may also account for the high magnon mass. The effective magnetic moment of -1.04(2)(stat)(8)(sys) times the atomic magnetic moment is consistent with mean-field theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Edward Marti
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Andrew MacRae
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Ryan Olf
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Sean Lourette
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Dan M Stamper-Kurn
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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13
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Sugarbaker A, Dickerson SM, Hogan JM, Johnson DMS, Kasevich MA. Enhanced atom interferometer readout through the application of phase shear. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:113002. [PMID: 24074082 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.113002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We present a method for determining the phase and contrast of a single shot of an atom interferometer. The application of a phase shear across the atom ensemble yields a spatially varying fringe pattern at each output port, which can be imaged directly. This method is broadly relevant to atom-interferometric precision measurement, as we demonstrate in a 10 m 87Rb atomic fountain by implementing an atom-interferometric gyrocompass with 10 mdeg precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Sugarbaker
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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14
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Pushin DA, Huber MG, Arif M, Cory DG. Experimental realization of decoherence-free subspace in neutron interferometry. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:150401. [PMID: 22107271 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.150401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A decoherence-free subspace (DFS) is an important class of quantum-error-correcting (QEC) codes that have been proposed for fault-tolerant quantum computation. The applications of QEC techniques, however, are not limited to quantum-information processing (QIP). Here we demonstrate how QEC codes may be used to improve experimental designs of quantum devices to achieve noise suppression. In particular, neutron interferometry is used as a test bed to show the potential for adding quantum error correction to quantum measurements. We built a five-blade neutron interferometer that incorporates both a standard Mach-Zender configuration and a configuration based on a DFS. Experiments verify that the DFS interferometer is protected against low-frequency mechanical vibrations. We anticipate these improvements will increase the range of applications for matter-wave interferometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Pushin
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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15
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Döring D, Debs JE, Robins NP, Figl C, Altin PA, Close JD. Ramsey interferometry with an atom laser. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:20661-20668. [PMID: 19997295 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.020661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We present results on a free-space atom interferometer operating on the first order magnetically insensitive |F = 1,mF = 0) --> |F = 2,mF = 0) ground state transition of Bose-condensed (87)Rb atoms. A pulsed atom laser is output-coupled from a Bose-Einstein condensate and propagates through a sequence of two internal state beam splitters, realized via coherent Raman transitions between the two interfering states. We observe Ramsey fringes with a visibility close to 100% and determine the current and the potentially achievable interferometric phase sensitivity. This system is well suited to testing recent proposals for generating and detecting squeezed atomic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Döring
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Quantum-Atom Optics, The Australian National University, ACT 0200, Australia.
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16
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Gadway B, Pertot D, Reimann R, Cohen MG, Schneble D. Analysis of Kapitza-Dirac diffraction patterns beyond the Raman-Nath regime. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:19173-19180. [PMID: 20372654 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.019173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We study Kapitza-Dirac diffraction of a Bose-Einstein condensate from a standing light wave for a square pulse with variable pulse length but constant pulse area. We find that for sufficiently weak pulses, the usual analytical short-pulse prediction for the Raman-Nath regime continues to hold for longer times, albeit with a reduction of the apparent modulation depth of the standing wave. We quantitatively relate this effect to the Fourier width of the pulse, and draw analogies to the Rabi dynamics of a coupled two-state system. Our findings, combined with numerical modeling for stronger pulses, are of practical interest for the calibration of optical lattices in ultracold atomic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce Gadway
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3800, USA.
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17
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Lévèque T, Gauguet A, Michaud F, Pereira Dos Santos F, Landragin A. Enhancing the area of a Raman atom interferometer using a versatile double-diffraction technique. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:080405. [PMID: 19792699 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.080405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we demonstrate a new scheme for Raman transitions which realize a symmetric momentum-space splitting of 4 Planck's constant k, deflecting the atomic wave packets into the same internal state. Combining the advantages of Raman and Bragg diffraction, we achieve a three pulse state labeled an interferometer, intrinsically insensitive to the main systematics and applicable to all kinds of atomic sources. This splitting scheme can be extended to 4N Planck's constant k momentum transfer by a multipulse sequence and is implemented on a 8 Planck's constant k interferometer. We demonstrate the area enhancement by measuring inertial forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lévèque
- LNE-SYRTE, UMR 8630 CNRS, UPMC, Observatoire de Paris, 61 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France
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Andersen MF, Sleator T. Lattice interferometer for laser-cooled atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:070402. [PMID: 19792621 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.070402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an atom interferometer in which atoms are laser cooled into a 1D optical lattice, suddenly released, and later subjected to a pulsed optical lattice. For short pulses, a simple analytical theory predicts the signal. We investigate both short and longer pulses where the analytical theory fails. Longer pulses yield higher precision and larger signals, and we observe a coherent signal at times that can differ significantly from the expected echo time. The interferometer has potential for precision measurements of variant Planck's/m(A), and can probe the dynamics of atoms in an optical lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel F Andersen
- Atomic Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8424, USA
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19
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Cladé P, Guellati-Khélifa S, Nez F, Biraben F. Large momentum beam splitter using Bloch oscillations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:240402. [PMID: 19658984 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.240402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The sensitivity of an inertial sensor based on an atomic interferometer is proportional to the velocity separation of atoms in the two arms of the interferometer. In this Letter we describe how Bloch oscillations can be used to increase this separation and to create a large momentum transfer (LMT) beam splitter. We experimentally demonstrate a separation of 10 recoil velocities. Light shifts during the acceleration introduce phase fluctuations which can reduce the fringes contrast. We precisely calculate this effect and demonstrate that it can be significantly reduced by using a suitable combination of LMT pulses. We finally show that this method seems to be very promising to realize a LMT beam splitter with several tens of recoils and a very good efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Cladé
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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20
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Billy J, Josse V, Zuo Z, Guerin W, Aspect A, Bouyer P. Guided atom laser: a new tool for guided atom optics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1051/anphys:2008001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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21
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Müller H, Chiow SW, Long Q, Herrmann S, Chu S. Atom interferometry with up to 24-photon-momentum-transfer beam splitters. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:180405. [PMID: 18518355 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.180405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We present up to 24-photon Bragg diffraction as a beam splitter in light-pulse atom interferometers to achieve the largest splitting in momentum space so far. Relative to the 2-photon processes used in the most sensitive present interferometers, these large momentum transfer beam splitters increase the phase shift 12-fold for Mach-Zehnder (MZ) and 144-fold for Ramsey-Bordé (RB) geometries. We achieve a high visibility of the interference fringes (up to 52% for MZ or 36% for RB) and long pulse separation times that are possible only in atomic fountain setups. As the atom's internal state is not changed, important systematic effects can cancel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Müller
- Physics Department, Stanford University, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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22
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Gustavsson M, Haller E, Mark MJ, Danzl JG, Rojas-Kopeinig G, Nägerl HC. Control of interaction-induced dephasing of Bloch oscillations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:080404. [PMID: 18352606 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.080404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We report on the control of interaction-induced dephasing of Bloch oscillations for an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical lattice. We quantify the dephasing in terms of the width of the quasimomentum distribution and measure its dependence on time for different interaction strengths which we control by means of a Feshbach resonance. For minimal interaction, the dephasing time is increased from a few to more than 20 thousand Bloch oscillation periods, allowing us to realize a BEC-based atom interferometer in the noninteracting limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gustavsson
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Forschungszentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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23
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Vengalattore M, Higbie JM, Leslie SR, Guzman J, Sadler LE, Stamper-Kurn DM. High-resolution magnetometry with a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 98:200801. [PMID: 17677683 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.200801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2006] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a precise magnetic microscope based on direct imaging of the Larmor precession of a 87Rb spinor Bose-Einstein condensate. This magnetometer attains a field sensitivity of 8.3 pT/Hz1/2 over a measurement area of 120 microm2, an improvement over the low-frequency field sensitivity of modern SQUID magnetometers. The achieved phase sensitivity is close to the atom shot-noise limit, estimated as 0.15 pT/Hz1/2 for a unity duty cycle measurement, suggesting the possibilities of spatially resolved spin-squeezed magnetometry. This magnetometer marks a significant application of degenerate atomic gases to metrology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vengalattore
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley California 94720, USA
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24
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Li W, Tuchman AK, Chien HC, Kasevich MA. Extended coherence time with atom-number squeezed states. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 98:040402. [PMID: 17358746 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.040402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Coherence properties of Bose-Einstein condensates offer the potential for improved interferometric phase contrast. However, decoherence effects due to the mean-field interaction shorten the coherence time, thus limiting potential sensitivity. In this work, we demonstrate increased coherence times with number squeezed states in an optical lattice using the decay of Bloch oscillations to probe the coherence time. We extend coherence times by a factor of 2 over those expected with coherent state Bose-Einstein condensate interferometry. We observe quantitative agreement with theory both for the degree of initial number squeezing as well as for prolonged coherence times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Physics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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25
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Guerin W, Riou JF, Gaebler JP, Josse V, Bouyer P, Aspect A. Guided quasicontinuous atom laser. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 97:200402. [PMID: 17155665 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.200402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We report the first realization of a guided quasicontinuous atom laser by rf outcoupling a Bose-Einstein condensate from a hybrid optomagnetic trap into a horizontal atomic waveguide. This configuration allows us to cancel the acceleration due to gravity and keep the de Broglie wavelength constant at 0.5 microm during 0.1 s of propagation. We also show that our configuration, equivalent to pigtailing an optical fiber to a (photon) semiconductor laser, ensures an intrinsically good transverse mode matching.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Guerin
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique, CNRS et Université Paris Sud 11, Campus Polytechnique, RD 128, 91127 Palaiseau, France.
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26
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Moore KL, Gupta S, Murch KW, Stamper-Kurn DM. Probing the quantum state of a guided atom laser pulse. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 97:180410. [PMID: 17155527 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.180410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We describe bichromatic superradiant pump-probe spectroscopy as a tomographic probe of the Wigner function of a dispersing particle beam. We employed this technique to characterize the quantum state of an ultracold atomic beam, derived from a 87Rb Bose-Einstein condensate, as it propagated in a 2.5 mm diameter circular waveguide. Our measurements place an upper bound on the longitudinal phase space area occupied by the 3 x 10(5) atom beam of 9(1)Planck's constant and a lower bound on the coherence length of L>or=13(1) microm. These results are consistent with full quantum degeneracy after multiple orbits around the waveguide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L Moore
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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27
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Atre R, Panigrahi PK, Agarwal GS. Class of solitary wave solutions of the one-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2006; 73:056611. [PMID: 16803061 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.73.056611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2005] [Revised: 12/07/2005] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a large family of exact solitary wave solutions of the one-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation, with time-varying scattering length and gain or loss, in both expulsive and regular parabolic confinement regimes. The consistency condition governing the soliton profiles is shown to map onto a linear Schrödinger eigenvalue problem, thereby enabling one to find analytically the effect of a wide variety of temporal variations in the control parameters, which are experimentally realizable. Corresponding to each solvable quantum mechanical system, one can identify a soliton configuration. These include soliton trains in close analogy to experimental observations of Streckeret al. [Nature (London) 417, 150 (2002)], spatiotemporal dynamics, solitons undergoing rapid amplification, collapse and revival of condensates, and analytical expression of two-soliton bound states, to name a few.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajneesh Atre
- Physical Research Laboratory, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, India.
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28
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Müller H, Chiow SW, Long Q, Chu S. Phase-locked, low-noise, frequency agile titanium:sapphire lasers for simultaneous atom interferometers. OPTICS LETTERS 2006; 31:202-4. [PMID: 16441030 DOI: 10.1364/ol.31.000202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a laser system consisting of a >1.6 W titanium:sapphire laser that is phase locked to another free-running titanium:sapphire laser at a wavelength of 852 nm with a phase noise of -138 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz from the carrier, using an intracavity electro-optic phase modulator. The residual phase variance is 2.5 x 10(-8) rad2 integrated from 1 Hz to 10 kHz. This system can phase-continuously change the offset frequency within 200 ns with frequency steps up to 4 MHz. Simultaneous atom interferometers can make full use of this ultralow phase noise in differential measurements, where influences from the vibration of optics are greatly suppressed in common mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Müller
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, California 94305-4060, USA.
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29
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Dunningham J, Burnett K, Phillips WD. Bose-Einstein condensates and precision measurements. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2005; 363:2165-75. [PMID: 16147504 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2005.1636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
An ongoing challenge in physics is to make increasingly accurate measurements of physical quantities. Bose-Einstein condensates in atomic gases are ideal candidates for use in precision measurement schemes since they are extremely cold and have laser-like coherence properties. In this paper, we review these two attributes and discuss how they could be exploited to improve the resolution in a range of different measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Dunningham
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
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30
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Campbell GK, Leanhardt AE, Mun J, Boyd M, Streed EW, Ketterle W, Pritchard DE. Photon recoil momentum in dispersive media. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 94:170403. [PMID: 15904272 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.170403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2005] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A systematic shift of the photon recoil momentum due to the index of refraction of a dilute gas of atoms has been observed. The recoil frequency was determined with a two-pulse light grating interferometer using near-resonant laser light. The results show that the recoil momentum of atoms caused by the absorption of a photon is n variant Planck's k, where n is the index of refraction of the gas and k is the vacuum wave vector of the photon. This systematic effect must be accounted for in high-precision atom interferometry with light gratings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen K Campbell
- MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Research Laboratory of Electronics and Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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31
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Saba M, Pasquini TA, Sanner C, Shin Y, Ketterle W, Pritchard DE. Light Scattering to Determine the Relative Phase of Two Bose-Einstein Condensates. Science 2005; 307:1945-8. [PMID: 15790851 DOI: 10.1126/science.1108801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrated an experimental technique based on stimulated light scattering to continuously sample the relative phase of two spatially separated Bose-Einstein condensates of atoms. The phase measurement process created a relative phase between two condensates with no initial phase relation, read out the phase, and monitored the phase evolution. This technique was used to realize interferometry between two trapped Bose-Einstein condensates without need for splitting or recombining the atom cloud.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Saba
- Department of Physics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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32
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Guest JR, Choi JH, Hansis E, Povilus AP, Raithel G. Laser cooling and magnetic trapping at several tesla. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 94:073003. [PMID: 15783813 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.073003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Laser cooling and magnetic trapping of (85)Rb atoms have been performed in extremely strong and tunable magnetic fields, extending these techniques to a new regime and setting the stage for a variety of cold atom and plasma experiments. Using a superconducting Ioffe-Pritchard trap and an optical molasses, 2.4 x 10(7) atoms were laser cooled to the Doppler limit and magnetically trapped at bias fields up to 2.9 T. At magnetic fields up to 6 T, 3 x 10(6) cold atoms were laser cooled in a pulsed loading scheme. These bias fields are well beyond an order of magnitude larger than those in previous experiments. Loading rates, molasses lifetimes, magnetic-trapping times, and temperatures were measured using photoionization and electron detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Guest
- FOCUS Center, Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1120, USA
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33
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Fray S, Diez CA, Hänsch TW, Weitz M. Atomic interferometer with amplitude gratings of light and its applications to atom based tests of the equivalence principle. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 93:240404. [PMID: 15697786 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.240404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2004] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a matter wave interferometer based on the diffraction of atoms from effective absorption gratings of light. In a setup with cold rubidium atoms in an atomic fountain the interferometer has been used to carry out tests of the equivalence principle on an atomic basis. The gravitational acceleration of the two isotopes 85Rb and 87Rb was compared, yielding a difference Deltag/g=(1.2+/-1.7)x10(-7). We also perform a differential free fall measurement of atoms in two different hyperfine states, and obtained a result of Deltag/g=(0.4+/-1.2)x10(-7).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Fray
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
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34
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Ma ZY, d'Arcy MB, Gardiner SA. Gravity-sensitive quantum dynamics in cold atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 93:164101. [PMID: 15524992 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.164101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2003] [Revised: 06/24/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We subject a falling cloud of cold cesium atoms to periodic kicks from a sinusoidal potential created by a vertical standing wave of laser light. By controllably accelerating the potential, we show quantum accelerator mode dynamics to be highly sensitive to the effective gravitational acceleration when close to specific, resonant values. This quantum sensitivity to a control parameter is reminiscent of that associated with classical chaos and promises techniques for precision measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z-Y Ma
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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35
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Battesti R, Cladé P, Guellati-Khélifa S, Schwob C, Grémaud B, Nez F, Julien L, Biraben F. Bloch oscillations of ultracold atoms: a tool for a metrological determination of h/m Rb. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 92:253001. [PMID: 15245001 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.253001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We use Bloch oscillations in a horizontal moving standing wave to transfer a large number of photon recoils to atoms with a high efficiency (99.5% per cycle). By measuring the photon recoil of 87Rb, using velocity-selective Raman transitions to select a subrecoil velocity class and to measure the final accelerated velocity class, we have determined h/m(Rb) with a relative precision of 0.4 ppm. To exploit the high momentum transfer efficiency of our method, we are developing a vertical standing wave setup. This will allow us to measure h/m(Rb) better than 10(-8) and hence the fine structure constant alpha with an uncertainty close to the most accurate value coming from the (g-2) determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Battesti
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS-UMR 8552, UPMC, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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36
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Roati G, de Mirandes E, Ferlaino F, Ott H, Modugno G, Inguscio M. Atom interferometry with trapped fermi gases. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 92:230402. [PMID: 15245144 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.230402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We realize an interferometer with an atomic Fermi gas trapped in an optical lattice under the influence of gravity. The single-particle interference between the eigenstates of the lattice results in macroscopic Bloch oscillations of the sample. The absence of interactions between fermions allows a time-resolved study of many periods of the oscillations, leading to a sensitive determination of the acceleration of gravity. The experiment proves the superiority of noninteracting fermions with respect to bosons for precision interferometry and offers a way for the measurement of forces with microscopic spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Roati
- LENS and Dipartimento di Fisica, University of Florence, and INFM, Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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37
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Shin Y, Saba M, Pasquini TA, Ketterle W, Pritchard DE, Leanhardt AE. Atom interferometry with Bose-Einstein condensates in a double-well potential. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 92:050405. [PMID: 14995291 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.050405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A trapped-atom interferometer was demonstrated using gaseous Bose-Einstein condensates coherently split by deforming an optical single-well potential into a double-well potential. The relative phase between the two condensates was determined from the spatial phase of the matter wave interference pattern formed upon releasing the condensates from the separated potential wells. Coherent phase evolution was observed for condensates held separated by 13 microm for up to 5 ms and was controlled by applying ac Stark shift potentials to either of the two separated condensates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shin
- Department of Physics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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38
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Abstract
Bose-Einstein condensation of cesium atoms is achieved by evaporative cooling using optical trapping techniques. The ability to tune the interactions between the ultracold atoms by an external magnetic field is crucial to obtain the condensate and offers intriguing features for potential applications. We explore various regimes of condensate self-interaction (attractive, repulsive, and null interaction strength) and demonstrate properties of imploding, exploding, and non-interacting quantum matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tino Weber
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrabetae 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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