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Air stability of n-type single-walled carbon nanotube films with anionic surfactants investigated using molecular dynamics. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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2
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Yonezawa S, Chiba T, Seki Y, Takashiri M. Origin of n type properties in single wall carbon nanotube films with anionic surfactants investigated by experimental and theoretical analyses. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5758. [PMID: 33707619 PMCID: PMC7952386 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85248-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the origin of n-type thermoelectric properties in single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films with anionic surfactants via experimental analyses and first-principles calculations. Several types of anionic surfactants were employed to fabricate SWCNT films via drop-casting, followed by heat treatment at various temperatures. In particular, SWCNT films with sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) surfactant heated to 350 °C exhibited a longer retention period, wherein the n-type Seebeck coefficient lasted for a maximum of 35 days. In x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, SWCNT films with SDBS surfactant exhibited a larger amount of sodium than oxygen on the SWCNT surface. The electronic band structure and density of states of SWCNTs with oxygen atoms, oxygen molecules, water molecules, sulfur atoms, and sodium atoms were analyzed using first-principles calculations. The calculations showed that sodium atoms and oxygen molecules moved the Fermi level closer to the conduction and valence bands, respectively. The water molecules, oxygen, and sulfur atoms did not affect the Fermi level. Therefore, SWCNT films exhibited n-type thermoelectric properties when the interaction between the sodium atoms and the SWCNTs was larger than that between the oxygen molecules and the SWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Yonezawa
- Department of Materials Science, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, 259-1292, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Chiba
- Department of Materials Science, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, 259-1292, Japan
| | - Yuhei Seki
- Department of Materials Science, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, 259-1292, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takashiri
- Department of Materials Science, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, 259-1292, Japan.
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3
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Yabuki H, Yonezawa S, Eguchi R, Takashiri M. Flexible thermoelectric films formed using integrated nanocomposites with single-wall carbon nanotubes and Bi 2Te 3 nanoplates via solvothermal synthesis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17031. [PMID: 33046770 PMCID: PMC7550342 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73808-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and Bi2Te3 nanoplates are very promising thermoelectric materials for energy harvesting. When these two materials are combined, the resulting nanocomposites exhibit high thermoelectric performance and excellent flexibility. However, simple mixing of these materials is not effective in realizing high performance. Therefore, we fabricated integrated nanocomposites by adding SWCNTs during solvothermal synthesis for the crystallization of Bi2Te3 nanoplates and prepared flexible integrated nanocomposite films by drop-casting. The integrated nanocomposite films exhibited high electrical conductivity and an n-type Seebeck coefficient owing to the low contact resistance between the nanoplates and SWCNTs. The maximum power factor was 1.38 μW/(cm K2), which was 23 times higher than that of a simple nanocomposite film formed by mixing SWCNTs during drop-casting, but excluding solvothermal synthesis. Moreover, the integrated nanocomposite films maintained their thermoelectric properties through 500 bending cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Yabuki
- Department of Materials Science, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, 259-1292, Japan
| | - Susumu Yonezawa
- Department of Materials Science, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, 259-1292, Japan
| | - Rikuo Eguchi
- Department of Materials Science, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, 259-1292, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takashiri
- Department of Materials Science, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, 259-1292, Japan.
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Seki Y, Nagata K, Takashiri M. Facile preparation of air-stable n-type thermoelectric single-wall carbon nanotube films with anionic surfactants. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8104. [PMID: 32415103 PMCID: PMC7228955 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64959-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermoelectric generators based on single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have great potential for use in wearable and skin electronics because of their lightweight and mechanically soft structure. However, the fabrication of air-stable n-type thermoelectric SWCNTs using conventional processes is challenging. Herein, we propose a facile process for fabricating air-stable n-type SWCNT films with anionic surfactants via drop casting followed by heat treatment. We examined different surfactants (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate, Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate, and Sodium Cholate) and heat-treatment temperatures. The optimal SWCNT film maintained the n-type Seebeck coefficient for 35 days. Moreover, to further extend the n-type Seebeck coefficient maintenance, we periodically reheated the SWCNT film with a surfactant that had returned to the p-type Seebeck coefficient. The reheated film recovered the n-type Seebeck coefficient, and the effect of the reheating treatment lasted for several reheating cycles. Finally, we elucidated a simple mechanism for realizing an air-stable n-type Seebeck coefficient based on spectroscopic analyses of the SWCNT films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhei Seki
- Department of Materials Science, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, 259-1292, Japan
| | - Kizashi Nagata
- Department of Materials Science, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, 259-1292, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takashiri
- Department of Materials Science, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, 259-1292, Japan.
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5
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Mishra S, Nguyen H, Adusei PK, Hsieh YY, Shanov V. Plasma enhanced synthesis of N doped vertically aligned carbon nanofibers on 3D graphene. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Mishra
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Cincinnati; OH 45221 USA
| | - Hung Nguyen
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; University of Cincinnati; OH 45221 USA
| | - Paa Kwasi Adusei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Cincinnati; OH 45221 USA
| | - Yu-Yun Hsieh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Cincinnati; OH 45221 USA
| | - Vesselin Shanov
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Cincinnati; OH 45221 USA
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; University of Cincinnati; OH 45221 USA
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6
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Blackburn JL, Ferguson AJ, Cho C, Grunlan JC. Carbon-Nanotube-Based Thermoelectric Materials and Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:1704386. [PMID: 29356158 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Conversion of waste heat to voltage has the potential to significantly reduce the carbon footprint of a number of critical energy sectors, such as the transportation and electricity-generation sectors, and manufacturing processes. Thermal energy is also an abundant low-flux source that can be harnessed to power portable/wearable electronic devices and critical components in remote off-grid locations. As such, a number of different inorganic and organic materials are being explored for their potential in thermoelectric-energy-harvesting devices. Carbon-based thermoelectric materials are particularly attractive due to their use of nontoxic, abundant source-materials, their amenability to high-throughput solution-phase fabrication routes, and the high specific energy (i.e., W g-1 ) enabled by their low mass. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) represent a unique 1D carbon allotrope with structural, electrical, and thermal properties that enable efficient thermoelectric-energy conversion. Here, the progress made toward understanding the fundamental thermoelectric properties of SWCNTs, nanotube-based composites, and thermoelectric devices prepared from these materials is reviewed in detail. This progress illuminates the tremendous potential that carbon-nanotube-based materials and composites have for producing high-performance next-generation devices for thermoelectric-energy harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Blackburn
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401-3305, USA
| | - Andrew J Ferguson
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401-3305, USA
| | - Chungyeon Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3003, USA
| | - Jaime C Grunlan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3003, USA
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Huewe F, Steeger A, Kostova K, Burroughs L, Bauer I, Strohriegl P, Dimitrov V, Woodward S, Pflaum J. Low-Cost and Sustainable Organic Thermoelectrics Based on Low-Dimensional Molecular Metals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1605682. [PMID: 28195424 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201605682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Thermoelectric generator composed of crystalline radical ion salts: The unipolar charge transport along the molecular stacks facilitates complementary p- and n-type organic thermoelectric materials of high electrical conductivity and of 1D electronic structure. The specific power output of 5 mW cm-2 and the zT > 0.15 below 40 K demonstrate a new field of low-temperature thermoelectric applications unlocked by organic metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Huewe
- Experimental Physics VI, Julius-Maximilian University of Würzburg, and Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research (ZAE Bayern e.V.), 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Steeger
- Experimental Physics VI, Julius-Maximilian University of Würzburg, and Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research (ZAE Bayern e.V.), 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kalina Kostova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Laurence Burroughs
- GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratory for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Nottingham, NG7 2GG, UK
| | - Irene Bauer
- Experimental Physics II, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Peter Strohriegl
- Macromolecular Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Vladimir Dimitrov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Simon Woodward
- GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratory for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Nottingham, NG7 2GG, UK
| | - Jens Pflaum
- Experimental Physics VI, Julius-Maximilian University of Würzburg, and Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research (ZAE Bayern e.V.), 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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8
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Optimization of Buckypaper-enhanced Multifunctional Thermoplastic Composites. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42423. [PMID: 28205637 PMCID: PMC5304317 DOI: 10.1038/srep42423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of flattened-nanotube reinforced thermoplastic composites are sizably fabricated as a function of buckypaper loading. The effects of the volume fraction, nanotube alignment and length on the tensile performance of the composites are factored into a general expression. The incorporation of self-reinforcing polyphenylene resin (Parmax) into a highly aligned buckypaper frame at an optimal weight ratio boosts the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the buckypaper/Parmax composite to 1145 MPa and 150 GPa, respectively, far exceeding those of Parmax and aligned buckypaper individually. The composite also exhibits improved thermal (>65 W/m-K) and electrical (~700 S/cm) conductivities, as well as high thermoelectric power (22 μV/K) at room temperature. Meanwhile, the composite displays a heterogeneously complex structure. The hexyl groups of Parmax noncovalently interact with the honeycomb structure of the flattened nanotube through π-stacking and CH-π interaction, correspondingly improving the dispersity of polymer on the nanotube surface and the interfacial stress transferring while the high alignment degrees of nanotube facilitate phonon and charge transport in the composites.
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9
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McSweeney RL, Chamberlain TW, Baldoni M, Lebedeva MA, Davies ES, Besley E, Khlobystov AN. Direct Measurement of Electron Transfer in Nanoscale Host-Guest Systems: Metallocenes in Carbon Nanotubes. Chemistry 2016; 22:13540-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert L. McSweeney
- School of Chemistry; University of Nottingham, University Park; Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Thomas W. Chamberlain
- Institute of Process Research & Development; School of Chemistry; University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane; Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Matteo Baldoni
- School of Chemistry; University of Nottingham, University Park; Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Maria A. Lebedeva
- School of Chemistry; University of Nottingham, University Park; Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
- Department of Materials; Oxford University; Oxford OX1 3PH UK
| | - E. Stephen Davies
- School of Chemistry; University of Nottingham, University Park; Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Elena Besley
- School of Chemistry; University of Nottingham, University Park; Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Andrei N. Khlobystov
- School of Chemistry; University of Nottingham, University Park; Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
- National University of Science & Technology, MISiS; Moscow 119049 Russia
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Shimizu S, Iizuka T, Kanahashi K, Pu J, Yanagi K, Takenobu T, Iwasa Y. Thermoelectric Detection of Multi-Subband Density of States in Semiconducting and Metallic Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:3388-3392. [PMID: 27191367 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201600807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Thermoelectric detection of a multi-subband density of states in semiconducting and metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes is demonstrated by scanning the Fermi energy from electron-doped to hole-doped regions. The Fermi energy is systematically controlled by utilizing the strong electric field induced in electric-double-layer transistor configurations, resulting in the optimization of the thermoelectric power factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunao Shimizu
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takahiko Iizuka
- Quantum Phase Electronics Center and Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kaito Kanahashi
- Department of Applied Physics, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Jiang Pu
- Department of Applied Physics, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yanagi
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Taishi Takenobu
- Department of Applied Physics, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Iwasa
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, 351-0198, Japan
- Quantum Phase Electronics Center and Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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11
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Concentration of lysozyme/single-walled carbon nanotube dispersions. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 139:237-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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12
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Notarianni M, Liu J, Vernon K, Motta N. Synthesis and applications of carbon nanomaterials for energy generation and storage. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 7:149-196. [PMID: 26925363 PMCID: PMC4734431 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.7.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The world is facing an energy crisis due to exponential population growth and limited availability of fossil fuels. Over the last 20 years, carbon, one of the most abundant materials found on earth, and its allotrope forms such as fullerenes, carbon nanotubes and graphene have been proposed as sources of energy generation and storage because of their extraordinary properties and ease of production. Various approaches for the synthesis and incorporation of carbon nanomaterials in organic photovoltaics and supercapacitors have been reviewed and discussed in this work, highlighting their benefits as compared to other materials commonly used in these devices. The use of fullerenes, carbon nanotubes and graphene in organic photovoltaics and supercapacitors is described in detail, explaining how their remarkable properties can enhance the efficiency of solar cells and energy storage in supercapacitors. Fullerenes, carbon nanotubes and graphene have all been included in solar cells with interesting results, although a number of problems are still to be overcome in order to achieve high efficiency and stability. However, the flexibility and the low cost of these materials provide the opportunity for many applications such as wearable and disposable electronics or mobile charging. The application of carbon nanotubes and graphene to supercapacitors is also discussed and reviewed in this work. Carbon nanotubes, in combination with graphene, can create a more porous film with extraordinary capacitive performance, paving the way to many practical applications from mobile phones to electric cars. In conclusion, we show that carbon nanomaterials, developed by inexpensive synthesis and process methods such as printing and roll-to-roll techniques, are ideal for the development of flexible devices for energy generation and storage - the key to the portable electronics of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Notarianni
- Institute of Future Environments and School of Chemistry, Physics, and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane QLD 4001, Australia
- Plasma-Therm LLC, 10050 16th St. North, St. Petersburg, FL 33716, USA
| | - Jinzhang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Kristy Vernon
- Institute of Future Environments and School of Chemistry, Physics, and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Nunzio Motta
- Institute of Future Environments and School of Chemistry, Physics, and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane QLD 4001, Australia
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13
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Bhargavi KS, Kubakaddi SS. Phonon-drag thermopower in a monolayer MoS2. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2014; 26:485013. [PMID: 25388090 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/48/485013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The theory of phonon-drag thermopower S(g) is developed in a monolayer MoS(2), considering the electron–acoustic phonon interaction via deformation potential (DP) and piezoelectric (PE) coupling, as a function of temperature T and electron concentration n(s). DP coupling of TA (LA) phonons is taken to be unscreened (screened) and PE coupling of LA and TA phonons is taken to be screened. S(g) due to DP coupling of TA phonons is found to be dominant over all other mechanisms and in the Bloch–Grüneisen regime it gives power law S(g) ~ T3. All other mechanisms give S(g) ~ T(5). These power laws are characteristic of two-dimensional (2D) phonons with linear dispersion. Screening enhances the exponent of T by 2 and strongly suppresses S(g) due to the large effective mass of the electrons. We find that S(g), due to screened DP and PE couplings is nearly the same in contrast to the results in GaAs heterojunctions. Also, we predict that S(g) ~ n(s)(-3/2), a characteristic of 2D electrons with parabolic relation. With the increasing (decreasing) T(n(s)) its exponent decreases. For comparison, we give diffusion thermopower S(d). At very low T and high n(s), S(d) ~ T and n(2)(-1). S(d) is found to be greater than S(g) for about T < 2–3 K. The results are compared with those in conventional 2D electron gas and graphene.
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Nonoguchi Y, Murayama T, Ishizaki M, Kanaizuka K, Kurihara M, Hata K, Kawai T. SWNT Composites with Compositionally Tunable Prussian Blue Nanoparticles for Thermoelectric Coordination Programming Materials. CHEM LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.140265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Nonoguchi
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST
| | - Tomoko Murayama
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST
| | - Manabu Ishizaki
- Department of Material and Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University
| | - Katsuhiko Kanaizuka
- Department of Material and Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University
| | - Masato Kurihara
- Department of Material and Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University
- Nanosystem Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
| | - Kenji Hata
- Nanotube Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawai
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST
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15
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Hewitt CA, Carroll DL. Carbon Nanotube-Based Polymer Composite Thermoelectric Generators. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2014-1161.ch009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corey A. Hewitt
- Center for Nanotechnology and Molecular Materials, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC 27105, United States
| | - David L. Carroll
- Center for Nanotechnology and Molecular Materials, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC 27105, United States
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16
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Systematic conversion of single walled carbon nanotubes into n-type thermoelectric materials by molecular dopants. Sci Rep 2013; 3:3344. [PMID: 24276090 PMCID: PMC3840380 DOI: 10.1038/srep03344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermoelectrics is a challenging issue for modern and future energy conversion and recovery technology. Carbon nanotubes are promising active thermoelectic materials owing to their narrow bandgap energy and high charge carrier mobility, and they can be integrated into flexible thermoelectrics that can recover any waste heat. We here report air-stable n-type single walled carbon nanotubes with a variety of weak electron donors in the range of HOMO level between ca. −4.4 eV and ca. −5.6 eV, in which partial uphill electron injection from the dopant to the conduction band of single walled carbon nanotubes is dominant. We display flexible films of the doped single walled carbon nanotubes possessing significantly large thermoelectric effect, which is applicable to flexible ambient thermoelectric modules.
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17
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Abrahamson JT, Sempere B, Walsh MP, Forman JM, Sen F, Sen S, Mahajan SG, Paulus GLC, Wang QH, Choi W, Strano MS. Excess thermopower and the theory of thermopower waves. ACS NANO 2013; 7:6533-6544. [PMID: 23889080 DOI: 10.1021/nn402411k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Self-propagating exothermic chemical reactions can generate electrical pulses when guided along a conductive conduit such as a carbon nanotube. However, these thermopower waves are not described by an existing theory to explain the origin of power generation or why its magnitude exceeds the predictions of the Seebeck effect. In this work, we present a quantitative theory that describes the electrical dynamics of thermopower waves, showing that they produce an excess thermopower additive to the Seebeck prediction. Using synchronized, high-speed thermal, voltage, and wave velocity measurements, we link the additional power to the chemical potential gradient created by chemical reaction (up to 100 mV for picramide and sodium azide on carbon nanotubes). This theory accounts for the waves' unipolar voltage, their ability to propagate on good thermal conductors, and their high power, which is up to 120% larger than conventional thermopower from a fiber of all-semiconducting SWNTs. These results underscore the potential to exceed conventional figures of merit for thermoelectricity and allow us to bound the maximum power and efficiency attainable for such systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel T Abrahamson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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18
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Bhargavi KS, Kubakaddi SS. Phonon-drag thermopower in an armchair graphene nanoribbon. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2011; 23:275303. [PMID: 21697579 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/23/27/275303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We calculate the phonon-drag thermopower S(g) of an armchair graphene nanoribbon (AGNR) in the boundary scattering regime of phonons. S(g) is studied as a function of temperature, Fermi energy and width of the AGNR. At very low temperatures T, S(g) is exponentially suppressed and an activated behavior is observed which is characteristic of one-dimensional carriers. This is in contrast to the power law dependence in graphene in the Bloch-Grüneisen regime. However, at higher T, S(g) in the AGNR levels off. S(g) also shows strong dependence on Fermi energy and width of the AGNR. The magnitude of S(g) in the AGNR is compared with that in single-wall carbon nanotube and graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Bhargavi
- Department of Physics, Karnatak University, Dharwad-580 003, Karnataka, India
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19
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Green MJ, Young CC, Parra-Vasquez ANG, Majumder M, Juloori V, Behabtu N, Pint CL, Schmidt J, Kesselman E, Hauge RH, Cohen Y, Talmon Y, Pasquali M. Direct imaging of carbon nanotubes spontaneously filled with solvent. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:1228-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc03915b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Yang K, He J, Puneet P, Su Z, Skove MJ, Gaillard J, Tritt TM, Rao AM. Tuning electrical and thermal connectivity in multiwalled carbon nanotube buckypaper. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2010; 22:334215. [PMID: 21386505 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/33/334215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We find that the electrical and thermal connectivity in multiwalled carbon nanotube buckypaper can be tuned using a spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. Elevated SPS temperatures promote the formation of inter-tube connections and consequently impact the electrical resistivity, thermoelectric power and thermal conductivity of the buckypaper. In particular, the electrical resistivity as a function of SPS temperature exhibits a percolation-type behavior while the low temperature lattice thermal conductivity shows a crossover behavior in the sample dimensionality. The results are discussed in terms of the quasi-one-dimensional metallic nature of multiwalled carbon nanotubes, the packing density and the electron-phonon coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqin Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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Nirmalraj PN, Lyons PE, De S, Coleman JN, Boland JJ. Electrical connectivity in single-walled carbon nanotube networks. NANO LETTERS 2009; 9:3890-5. [PMID: 19775126 DOI: 10.1021/nl9020914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Transport in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) networks is shown to be dominated by resistance at network junctions which scale with the size of the interconnecting bundles. Acid treatment, known to dope individual tubes, actually produces a dramatic reduction in junction resistances, whereas annealing significantly increases this resistance. Measured junction resistances for pristine, acid-treated and annealed SWCNT bundles correlate with conductivities of the corresponding films, in excellent agreement with a model in which junctions control the overall network performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter N Nirmalraj
- School of Chemistry, School of Physics, Center for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Dan B, Irvin GC, Pasquali M. Continuous and scalable fabrication of transparent conducting carbon nanotube films. ACS NANO 2009; 3:835-843. [PMID: 19354279 DOI: 10.1021/nn8008307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We report an industrially scalable, fast, and simple process for the large scale fabrication of optically transparent and electrically conducting thin films of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT). Purified, pristine HiPco SWNTs were dispersed in water at high concentrations with the help of surfactants, rod-coated into uniform thin films, and doped by various acids. We show how to combine different surfactants to make uniform dispersions with high concentration of SWNTs and optimal rheological behavior for coating and drying, including preventing dewetting and film rupture that has plagued earlier attempts. Doping by fuming sulfuric acid yielded the films with best performance (sheet resistance of 100 and 300 Omega/sq for respective transparency of 70% and 90%). We use a figure of merit (FOM) plot for an immediate evaluation and comparison of the performance and microstructure of CNT films produced by different methods. Further scientific engineering will pave the way to the deployment of CNT films in commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Budhadipta Dan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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Yu C, Shi L, Yao Z, Li D, Majumdar A. Thermal conductance and thermopower of an individual single-wall carbon nanotube. NANO LETTERS 2005; 5:1842-6. [PMID: 16159235 DOI: 10.1021/nl051044e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We have observed experimentally that the thermal conductance of a 2.76-microm-long individual suspended single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) was very close to the calculated ballistic thermal conductance of a 1-nm-diameter SWCNT without showing signatures of phonon-phonon Umklapp scattering for temperatures between 110 and 300 K. Although the observed thermopower of the SWCNT can be attributed to a linear diffusion contribution and a constant phonon drag effect, there could be an additional contact effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choongho Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Physics, Center for Nano and Molecular Science and Technology, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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Radovic LR, Bockrath B. On the Chemical Nature of Graphene Edges: Origin of Stability and Potential for Magnetism in Carbon Materials. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:5917-27. [PMID: 15839691 DOI: 10.1021/ja050124h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 439] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Heretofore disconnected experimental observations are combined with a theoretical study to develop a model of the chemical composition of the edges of graphene sheets in both flat and curved sp(2)-hybridized carbon materials. It is proposed that under ambient conditions a significant fraction of the oxygen-free edge sites are neither H-terminated nor unadulterated sigma free radicals, as universally assumed. The zigzag sites are carbene-like, with the triplet ground state being most common. The armchair sites are carbyne-like, with the singlet ground state being most common. This proposal is not only consistent with the key electronic properties and surface (re)activity behavior of carbons, but it can also explain the recently documented and heretofore puzzling ferromagnetic properties of some impurity-free carbon materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljubisa R Radovic
- The Pennsylvania State University, 205 Hosler Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
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26
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Romero HE, Bolton K, Rosén A, Eklund PC. Atom Collision-Induced Resistivity of Carbon Nanotubes. Science 2005; 307:89-93. [PMID: 15637273 DOI: 10.1126/science.1102004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We report the observation of unusually strong and systematic changes in the electron transport in metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes that are undergoing collisions with inert gas atoms or small molecules. At fixed gas temperature and pressure, changes in the resistance and thermopower of thin films are observed that scale as roughly M(1/3), where M is the mass of the colliding gas species (He, Ar, Ne, Kr, Xe, CH4, and N2). Results of molecular dynamics simulations are also presented that show that the maximum deformation of the tube wall upon collision and the total energy transfer between the colliding atom and the nanotube also exhibit a roughly M(1/3) dependence. It appears that the transient deformation (or dent) in the tube wall may provide a previously unknown scattering mechanism needed to explain the atom collision-induced changes in the electrical transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo E Romero
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Abstract
We have measured carbon nanotube quantum dots with multiple electrostatic gates and used the resulting enhanced control to investigate a nanotube double quantum dot. Transport measurements reveal honeycomb charge stability diagrams as a function of two nearly independent gate voltages. The device can be tuned from weak to strong interdot tunnel-coupling regimes, and the transparency of the leads can be controlled independently. We extract values of energy-level spacings, capacitances, and interaction energies for this system. This ability to control electron interactions in the quantum regime in a molecular conductor is important for applications such as quantum computation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mason
- Department of Physics, Harvard University Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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Small JP, Perez KM, Kim P. Modulation of thermoelectric power of individual carbon nanotubes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 91:256801. [PMID: 14754135 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.256801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2003] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Thermoelectric power (TEP) of individual single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) has been measured at mesoscopic scales using a microfabricated heater and thermometers. Gate electric field dependent TEP modulation has been observed. The measured TEP of SWNTs is well correlated to the electrical conductance across the SWNT according to the Mott formula. Strong modulations of TEP were observed in the single-electron conduction limit. In addition, semiconducting SWNTs exhibit large values of TEP due to the Schottky barriers at SWNT-metal junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P Small
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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Davis VA, Ericson LM, Parra-Vasquez ANG, Fan H, Wang Y, Prieto V, Longoria JA, Ramesh S, Saini RK, Kittrell C, Billups WE, Adams WW, Hauge RH, Smalley RE, Pasquali M. Phase Behavior and Rheology of SWNTs in Superacids. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0352328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia A. Davis
- Carbon Nanotechnology Laboratory, Center for Nanoscale Science & Technology, and Department of Chemical Engineering, MS-362, Department of Physics, MS-61, and Department of Chemistry, MS-60, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, Texas 77005
| | - Lars M. Ericson
- Carbon Nanotechnology Laboratory, Center for Nanoscale Science & Technology, and Department of Chemical Engineering, MS-362, Department of Physics, MS-61, and Department of Chemistry, MS-60, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, Texas 77005
| | - A. Nicholas G. Parra-Vasquez
- Carbon Nanotechnology Laboratory, Center for Nanoscale Science & Technology, and Department of Chemical Engineering, MS-362, Department of Physics, MS-61, and Department of Chemistry, MS-60, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, Texas 77005
| | - Hua Fan
- Carbon Nanotechnology Laboratory, Center for Nanoscale Science & Technology, and Department of Chemical Engineering, MS-362, Department of Physics, MS-61, and Department of Chemistry, MS-60, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, Texas 77005
| | - Yuhuang Wang
- Carbon Nanotechnology Laboratory, Center for Nanoscale Science & Technology, and Department of Chemical Engineering, MS-362, Department of Physics, MS-61, and Department of Chemistry, MS-60, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, Texas 77005
| | - Valentin Prieto
- Carbon Nanotechnology Laboratory, Center for Nanoscale Science & Technology, and Department of Chemical Engineering, MS-362, Department of Physics, MS-61, and Department of Chemistry, MS-60, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, Texas 77005
| | - Jason A. Longoria
- Carbon Nanotechnology Laboratory, Center for Nanoscale Science & Technology, and Department of Chemical Engineering, MS-362, Department of Physics, MS-61, and Department of Chemistry, MS-60, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, Texas 77005
| | - Sivarajan Ramesh
- Carbon Nanotechnology Laboratory, Center for Nanoscale Science & Technology, and Department of Chemical Engineering, MS-362, Department of Physics, MS-61, and Department of Chemistry, MS-60, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, Texas 77005
| | - Rajesh K. Saini
- Carbon Nanotechnology Laboratory, Center for Nanoscale Science & Technology, and Department of Chemical Engineering, MS-362, Department of Physics, MS-61, and Department of Chemistry, MS-60, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, Texas 77005
| | - Carter Kittrell
- Carbon Nanotechnology Laboratory, Center for Nanoscale Science & Technology, and Department of Chemical Engineering, MS-362, Department of Physics, MS-61, and Department of Chemistry, MS-60, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, Texas 77005
| | - W. E. Billups
- Carbon Nanotechnology Laboratory, Center for Nanoscale Science & Technology, and Department of Chemical Engineering, MS-362, Department of Physics, MS-61, and Department of Chemistry, MS-60, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, Texas 77005
| | - W. Wade Adams
- Carbon Nanotechnology Laboratory, Center for Nanoscale Science & Technology, and Department of Chemical Engineering, MS-362, Department of Physics, MS-61, and Department of Chemistry, MS-60, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, Texas 77005
| | - Robert H. Hauge
- Carbon Nanotechnology Laboratory, Center for Nanoscale Science & Technology, and Department of Chemical Engineering, MS-362, Department of Physics, MS-61, and Department of Chemistry, MS-60, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, Texas 77005
| | - Richard E. Smalley
- Carbon Nanotechnology Laboratory, Center for Nanoscale Science & Technology, and Department of Chemical Engineering, MS-362, Department of Physics, MS-61, and Department of Chemistry, MS-60, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, Texas 77005
| | - Matteo Pasquali
- Carbon Nanotechnology Laboratory, Center for Nanoscale Science & Technology, and Department of Chemical Engineering, MS-362, Department of Physics, MS-61, and Department of Chemistry, MS-60, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, Texas 77005
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