1
|
Smith AD, Donley GJ, Del Gado E, Zavala VM. Topological Data Analysis for Particulate Gels. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39321316 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c04969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Soft gels, formed via the self-assembly of particulate materials, exhibit intricate multiscale structures that provide them with flexibility and resilience when subjected to external stresses. This work combines particle simulations and topological data analysis (TDA) to characterize the complex multiscale structure of soft gels. Our TDA analysis focuses on the use of the Euler characteristic, which is an interpretable and computationally scalable topological descriptor that is combined with filtration operations to obtain information on the geometric (local) and topological (global) structure of soft gels. We reduce the topological information obtained with TDA using principal component analysis (PCA) and show that this provides an informative low-dimensional representation of the gel structure. We use the proposed computational framework to investigate the influence of gel preparation (e.g., quench rate, volume fraction) on soft gel structure and to explore dynamic deformations that emerge under oscillatory shear in various response regimes (linear, nonlinear, and flow). Our analysis provides evidence of the existence of hierarchical structures in soft gels, which are not easily identifiable otherwise. Moreover, our analysis reveals direct correlations between topological changes of the gel structure under deformation and mechanical phenomena distinctive of gel materials, such as stiffening and yielding. In summary, we show that TDA facilitates the mathematical representation, quantification, and analysis of soft gel structures, extending traditional network analysis methods to capture both local and global organization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D Smith
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Gavin J Donley
- Department of Physics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Emanuela Del Gado
- Department of Physics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, United States
- Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University, Washington DC 20057, United States
| | - Victor M Zavala
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lagoin M, Piednoir A, Fulcrand R, Bérut A. Effects of salinity on the flow of dense colloidal suspensions. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:3367-3375. [PMID: 38563359 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00035h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
We experimentally study the effects of salt concentration on the flowing dynamics of dense suspensions of micrometer-sized silica particles in microfluidic drums. In pure water, the particles are fully sedimented under their own weight, but do not touch each other due to their negative surface charges, which results in a "frictionless" dense colloidal suspension. When the pile is inclined above a critical angle θc ∼ 5° a fast avalanche occurs, similar to what is expected for classical athermal granular media. When inclined below this angle, the pile slowly creeps until it reaches flatness. Adding ions in solution screens the repulsive forces between particles, and the flowing properties of the suspension are modified. We observe significant changes in the fast avalanche regime: a time delay appears before the onset of the avalanche and increases with the salt concentration, the whole dynamics becomes slower, and the critical angle θc increases from ∼5° to ∼20°. In contrast, the slow creep regime does not seem to be heavily modified. These behaviors can be explained by considering an increase in both the initial packing fraction of the suspension Φ0, and the effective friction between the particles μp. These observations are confirmed by confocal microscopy measurements to estimate the initial packing fraction of the suspensions, and AFM measurements to quantify the particles surface roughness and the repulsion forces, as a function of the ionic strength of the suspensions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Lagoin
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France.
- ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, UMR5672, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Agnès Piednoir
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Rémy Fulcrand
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Antoine Bérut
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Torre KW, de Graaf J. Hydrodynamic lubrication in colloidal gels. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:7388-7398. [PMID: 37740405 PMCID: PMC10548787 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00784g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal gels are elasto-plastic materials composed of an out-of-equilibrium, self-assembled network of micron-sized (solid) particles suspended in a fluid. Recent work has shown that far-field hydrodynamic interactions do not change gel structure, only the rate at which the network forms and ages. However, during gel formation, the interplay between short-ranged attractions leading to gelation and equally short-ranged hydrodynamic lubrication interactions remains poorly understood. Here, we therefore study gelation using a range of hydrodynamic descriptions: from single-body (Brownian Dynamics), to pairwise (Rotne-Prager-Yamakawa), to (non-)lubrication-corrected many-body (Stokesian Dynamics). We confirm the current understanding informed by simulations accurate in the far-field. Yet, we find that accounting for lubrication can strongly impact structure at low colloid volume fraction. Counterintuitively, strongly dissipative lubrication interactions also accelerate the aging of a gel, irrespective of colloid volume fraction. Both elements can be explained by lubrication forces facilitating collective dynamics and therefore phase-separation. Our findings indicate that despite the computational cost, lubricated hydrodynamic modeling with many-body far-field interactions is needed to accurately capture the evolution of the gel structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K W Torre
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Center for Extreme Matter and Emergent Phenomena, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - J de Graaf
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Center for Extreme Matter and Emergent Phenomena, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Torre KW, de Graaf J. Structuring colloidal gels via micro-bubble oscillations. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:2771-2779. [PMID: 36988352 PMCID: PMC10091832 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01450e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Locally (re)structuring colloidal gels - micron-sized particles forming a connected network with arrested dynamics - can enable precise tuning of the micromechanical and -rheological properties of the system. A recent experimental study [B. Saint-Michel, G. Petekidis, and V. Garbin, Soft Matter, 2022, 18, 2092] showed that local ordering can be rapidly induced by acoustically modulating an embedded microbubble. Here, we perform Brownian dynamics simulations to understand the mechanical effect of an oscillating microbubble on the next-to-bubble structure of the embedding colloidal gel. Our simulations reveal hexagonal-close-packed structures over a range that is comparable to the amplitude of the oscillations. However, we were unable to reproduce the unexpectedly long-ranged modification of the gel structure - dozens of amplitudes - observed in experiment. This suggests including long-ranged effects, such as fluid flow, should be considered in future computational work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K W Torre
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Center for Extreme Matter and Emergent Phenomena, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - J de Graaf
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Center for Extreme Matter and Emergent Phenomena, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fabrication of chitosan colloidal gels via pH-mediated self-association. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.108126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
6
|
Suman K, Wagner NJ. Anomalous rheological aging of a model thermoreversible colloidal gel following a thermal quench. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:024901. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0094237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the aging behavior in a well-studied model system comprised of a colloidal suspension of thermoreversible adhesive hard spheres (AHS) but thermally quenched below the gel transition to much larger depths than previously studied. The aging behavior in the model AHS system is monitored by small amplitude oscillatory shear rheology measurements conducted while rapidly quenching from liquid state at 40{degree sign}C to a temperature below the gel temperature and new, anomalous aging behaviors are observed. Shallow quenches lead to monotonic development of the elastic modulus with time consistent with prior reports for the development of a homogeneous gel (Gordon et al., Journal of Rheology 2017). However, for deeper quenches, a unique and new phenomenon is reported - namely after an initial rise in the modulus, a reproducible drop in modulus is observed, followed by a plateau in modulus value. This drop can be gradual or sudden, and the extent of the drop, both depends on quench depth. After this drop in modulus, AHS gel evolves toward a quench-path independent state over the experimental timescale. These effects of the extent of quenching on aging behavior is hypothesized to be a consequence of quenching into different underlying thermodynamic states of colloidal gels and the possible influence of the adhesive glass dynamical arrest for the deepest quenches. The research connects homogeneous gelation with heterogeneous gel formation due to phase separation and shows that the extent of quench can be used as an independent parameter to govern the rheological response of the arrested gel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Suman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, United States of America
| | - Norman J Wagner
- Chemical & Bimolecular Engineering Department, University of Delaware Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ghaffari Z, Rezvani H, Khalilnezhad A, Cortes FB, Riazi M. Experimental characterization of colloidal silica gel for water conformance control in oil reservoirs. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9628. [PMID: 35688917 PMCID: PMC9187666 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13035-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
High water production in oil fields is an area of concern due to economic issues and borehole/wellhead damages. Colloidal gels can be a good alternative to polymers to address this as they can tolerate harsh oil reservoir conditions. A series of bottle tests with different silica and NaCl concentrations were first conducted. The gelation time, cation valence, rheology, and viscosity were investigated to characterize the gels. The applicability of solid gels in porous media was finally inspected in a dual-patterned glass micromodel. Bottle test results showed that increasing NaCl concentration at a constant silica concentration can convert solid gels into two-phase gels and then viscous suspensions. Na+ replacement with Mg2+ resulted a distinctive behaviour probably due to higher coagulating ability of Mg2+. Rheology and viscosity results agreed with gelation times: gel with shortest gelation time had the highest viscosity and storage/loss modulus but was not the most elastic one. Water injection into glass micromodel half-saturated with crude oil and solid gel proved that the gel is strong against pressure gradients applied by injected phase which is promising for water conformance controls. The diverted injected phase recorded an oil recovery of 53% which was not feasible without blocking the water zone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ghaffari
- Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Research Centre, IOR/EOR Research Institute, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.,Faculty of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hosein Rezvani
- Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Research Centre, IOR/EOR Research Institute, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Ali Khalilnezhad
- Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Research Centre, IOR/EOR Research Institute, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.,Faculty of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farid B Cortes
- Grupo de Investigación en Fenómenos de Superficie-Michael Polanyi, Departamento de Procesos y Energía, Facultad de Minas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, 050034, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Masoud Riazi
- Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Research Centre, IOR/EOR Research Institute, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. .,Department of Petroleum Engineering, School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Morlet-Decarnin L, Divoux T, Manneville S. Slow dynamics and time–composition superposition in gels of cellulose nanocrystals. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:214901. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0085660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are rodlike biosourced colloidal particles used as key building blocks in a growing number of materials with innovative mechanical or optical properties. While CNCs form stable suspensions at low volume fractions in pure water, they aggregate in the presence of salt and form colloidal gels with time-dependent properties. Here, we study the impact of salt concentration on the slow aging dynamics of CNC gels following the cessation of a high-shear flow that fully fluidizes the sample. We show that the higher the salt content, the faster the recovery of elasticity upon flow cessation. Most remarkably, the elastic modulus G′ obeys a time–composition superposition principle: the temporal evolution of G′ can be rescaled onto a universal sigmoidal master curve spanning 13 orders of magnitude in time for a wide range of salt concentrations. Such a rescaling is obtained through a time-shift factor that follows a steep power-law decay with increasing salt concentration until it saturates at large salt content. These findings are robust to changes in the type of salt and the CNC content. We further show that both linear and nonlinear rheological properties of CNC gels of various compositions, including, e.g., the frequency-dependence of viscoelastic spectra and the yield strain, can be rescaled based on the sample age along the general master curve. Our results provide strong evidence for universality in the aging dynamics of CNC gels and call for microstructural investigations during recovery as well as theoretical modeling of time–composition superposition in rodlike colloids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thibaut Divoux
- ENSL, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shoaib M, Khan S, Wani OB, Abdala A, Seiphoori A, Bobicki ER. Modulation of soft glassy dynamics in aqueous suspensions of an anisotropic charged swelling clay through pH adjustment. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 606:860-872. [PMID: 34425273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Sodium-montmorillonite (Na-Mt) particles are geometrically anisometric that carry a pH dependent anisotropic surface charge. Therefore, it should be possible to manipulate the particle-particle interaction of colloidal range Na-Mt suspensions through pH changes which in turn should alter the soft glassy dynamics of Na-Mt suspensions. EXPERIMENTS Rheological experiments were used to probe the impact of pH mediated colloidal particle-particle interaction on the physical aging, linear viscoelastic response, and yield stress behavior of Na-Mt suspension. FINDINGS The temporal evolution of the storage modulus (G') was stronger in the acid regime (pH < 9.5) than the base (pH ≥ 9.5) pH regime. Horizontal shifting of the aging curves in the acid and base regimes led to aging time-H+ concentration and aging time-OH- concentration superposition. An aging time-Na-Mt concentration superposition was also observed in both pH regimes. The critical stress associated with the viscosity bifurcation behavior increased linearly with G' but with different slopes for acid and base regime. We propose that positively charged patches on the Na-Mt particle edge merge with the characteristic surface as a function of H+ ions in the system. This leads to a strongly associated microstructure at low pH and a relatively weak but associated microstructure at natural pH, hence confirming the hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shoaib
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Canada Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada.
| | - Shaihroz Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Canada Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Omar Bashir Wani
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Canada Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Ahmed Abdala
- Chemical Engineering Program, Texas A&M University at Qatar, P.O. 23874, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Ali Seiphoori
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Erin R Bobicki
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Canada Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shoaib M, Molaei N, Bobicki ER. Physical aging in aqueous nematic gels of a swelling nanoclay: sol (phase) to gel (state) transition. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 24:4703-4714. [PMID: 34724011 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03399a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous dispersions of geometrically anisometric, nano-sized sodium-montmorillonite (Na-Mt) display a sol-gel transition at very low solids concentrations. The microstructure of the gel formed at very low ionic strengths is considered electrostatically repulsive with a nematic character, and the gel state at ionic strengths where Debye length is of the order of particle size is conjectured to be free of physical aging. We investigated the nature of osmotically prepared Na-Mt dispersions at low ionic strength (∼10-5 M), below and above the gel point. The sol phase exhibited very low yield stress compared to the gel state, without any sign of physical aging, thus behaving as an equilibrium state. In contrast, the gel exhibited signatures of physical aging, that is, an evolving microstructure that consolidated with time when left undisturbed thus behaving as out of equilibrium state. The physical aging behaviour became more pronounced at Na-Mt concentrations far above the gel point. A critical shear rate existed, below which no stable flows were possible in the gel state representing the microstructural reorganization timescale. Overall, Na-Mt dispersions in the gel state behave like systems that were out of equilibrium with an ever-evolving microstructure, in opposition to the assumption that low ionic strength Na-Mt gels are in an equilibrium phase. The possible origin of physical aging, such as the reversible orientation of Brownian anisotropic particles, stiffening of an existing microstructure, or reorganization of microstructure towards minimal energy configuration is discussed in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shoaib
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Canada Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada.
| | - Nahid Molaei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Erin R Bobicki
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Canada Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shoaib M, Bobicki ER. Rheological implications of pH induced particle-particle association in aqueous suspension of an anisotropic charged clay. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:7822-7834. [PMID: 34312640 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00702e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Kaolinite particles are geometrically anisometric and electrostatically anisotropic. Until recently, the charge of both basal faces of kaolinite was assumed to be independent of pH, and the isoelectric point (IEP) of the edge surface was thought to occur at pH 4-6. Therefore, kaolinite suspensions were expected to have an edge-face association at low pH. However, recent atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies have shown that the kaolinite alumina basal face and edge surface carry a pH-dependent surface charge with an IEP at pH 5-6 and ∼ 3, respectively. Here, we revisit the modes of particle association in kaolinite suspensions and apply Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory to study the rheological implications of surface charges of various kaolinite faces from recent AFM-based studies. Specifically, aging within the linear viscoelastic region, small amplitude oscillatory shear behavior (strain amplitude and frequency response), and critical stress behavior were studied as a function of pH. Kaolinite suspensions (40 wt%) exhibited two-step structure recovery after shear rejuvenation and two-step yielding at pH less than the IEP of the alumina basal face. In addition, the storage modulus (G') and critical stress required to stabilize the flow followed non-monotonic behavior as a function of pH. At low pH, the silica face-alumina face mode of association was expected to be dominant rather than the edge-face microstructure. A peak in the G'vs. pH curve at pH 4.5-5 was correlated with the silica face-alumina face attraction estimated from DLVO theory, which passes through a maximum at approximately the same pH. Based on these observations, we propose a qualitative state diagram for kaolinite suspensions in the pH-concentration space.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shoaib
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3E5, Ontario, Canada. mailto:
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Royall CP, Faers MA, Fussell SL, Hallett JE. Real space analysis of colloidal gels: triumphs, challenges and future directions. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:453002. [PMID: 34034239 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac04cb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal gels constitute an important class of materials found in many contexts and with a wide range of applications. Yet as matter far from equilibrium, gels exhibit a variety of time-dependent behaviours, which can be perplexing, such as an increase in strength prior to catastrophic failure. Remarkably, such complex phenomena are faithfully captured by an extremely simple model-'sticky spheres'. Here we review progress in our understanding of colloidal gels made through the use of real space analysis and particle resolved studies. We consider the challenges of obtaining a suitable experimental system where the refractive index and density of the colloidal particles is matched to that of the solvent. We review work to obtain a particle-level mechanism for rigidity in gels and the evolution of our understanding of time-dependent behaviour, from early-time aggregation to ageing, before considering the response of colloidal gels to deformation and then move on to more complex systems of anisotropic particles and mixtures. Finally we note some more exotic materials with similar properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Patrick Royall
- Gulliver UMR CNRS 7083, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
- HH Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
- Centre for Nanoscience and Quantum Information, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1FD, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm A Faers
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Formulation Technology, Alfred Nobel Str. 50, 40789 Monheim, Germany
| | - Sian L Fussell
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
- Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - James E Hallett
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, University of Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Aime S, Sabato M, Xiao L, Weitz DA. Dynamic Speckle Holography. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:088003. [PMID: 34477437 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.088003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We introduce dynamic speckle holography, a new technique that combines imaging and scattering to measure three-dimensional maps of displacements as small as ten nanometers over several centimeters, greatly extending the capabilities of traditional imaging systems. We attain this sensitivity by imaging speckle patterns of light collected at three scattering angles and measuring the decay in the temporal correlation due to local motion. We use dynamic speckle holography to measure the strain field of a colloidal gel undergoing fracture and establish the surprising role of internal tension in driving the fracture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Aime
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - M Sabato
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - L Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - D A Weitz
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cho JH, Bischofberger I. Two modes of cluster dynamics govern the viscoelasticity of colloidal gels. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:032609. [PMID: 33862797 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.032609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal gels formed by strongly attractive particles at low particle volume fractions are composed of space-spanning networks of uniformly sized clusters. We study the thermal fluctuations of the clusters using differential dynamic microscopy by decomposing them into two modes of dynamics, and link them to the macroscopic viscoelasticity via rheometry. The first mode, dominant at early times, represents the localized, elastic fluctuations of individual clusters. The second mode, pronounced at late times, reflects the collective, viscoelastic dynamics facilitated by the connectivity of the clusters. By mixing two types of particles of distinct attraction strengths in different proportions, we control the transition time at which the collective mode starts to dominate, and hence tune the frequency dependence of the linear viscoelastic moduli of the binary gels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyung Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Irmgard Bischofberger
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Begam N, Ragulskaya A, Girelli A, Rahmann H, Chandran S, Westermeier F, Reiser M, Sprung M, Zhang F, Gutt C, Schreiber F. Kinetics of Network Formation and Heterogeneous Dynamics of an Egg White Gel Revealed by Coherent X-Ray Scattering. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:098001. [PMID: 33750145 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.098001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The kinetics of heat-induced gelation and the microscopic dynamics of a hen egg white gel are probed using x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy along with ultrasmall-angle x-ray scattering. The kinetics of structural growth reveals a reaction-limited aggregation process with a gel fractal dimension of ≈2 and an average network mesh size of ca. 400 nm. The dynamics probed at these length scales reveals an exponential growth of the characteristic relaxation times followed by an intriguing steady state in combination with a compressed exponential correlation function and a temporal heterogeneity. The degree of heterogeneity increases with decreasing length scale. We discuss our results in the broader context of experiments and models describing attractive colloidal gels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nafisa Begam
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Anita Girelli
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Rahmann
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, 57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - Sivasurender Chandran
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Fabian Westermeier
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mario Reiser
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, 57072 Siegen, Germany
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Michael Sprung
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fajun Zhang
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Gutt
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, 57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bonacci F, Chateau X, Furst EM, Fusier J, Goyon J, Lemaître A. Contact and macroscopic ageing in colloidal suspensions. NATURE MATERIALS 2020; 19:775-780. [PMID: 32123333 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-0624-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The ageing behaviour of dense suspensions or pastes at rest is almost exclusively attributed to structural dynamics. Here, we identify another ageing process, contact-controlled ageing, consisting of the progressive stiffening of solid-solid contacts of an arrested colloidal suspension. By combining rheometry, confocal microscopy and particle-scale mechanical tests using laser tweezers, we demonstrate that this process governs the shear-modulus ageing of dense aqueous silica and polymer latex suspensions at moderate ionic strengths. We further show that contact-controlled ageing becomes relevant as soon as Coulombic interactions are sufficiently screened out that the formation of solid-solid contacts is not limited by activation barriers. Given that this condition only requires moderate ion concentrations, contact-controlled ageing should be generic in a wide class of materials, such as cements, soils or three-dimensional inks, thus questioning our understanding of ageing dynamics in these systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bonacci
- Navier, Ecole des Ponts, Univ Gustave Eiffel, CNRS, Marne-la-vallée, France
| | - Xavier Chateau
- Navier, Ecole des Ponts, Univ Gustave Eiffel, CNRS, Marne-la-vallée, France.
| | - Eric M Furst
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Jennifer Fusier
- Navier, Ecole des Ponts, Univ Gustave Eiffel, CNRS, Marne-la-vallée, France
| | - Julie Goyon
- Navier, Ecole des Ponts, Univ Gustave Eiffel, CNRS, Marne-la-vallée, France
| | - Anaël Lemaître
- Navier, Ecole des Ponts, Univ Gustave Eiffel, CNRS, Marne-la-vallée, France.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mikhailovskaya A, Trappe V, Salonen A. Colloidal gelation, a means to study elasto-capillarity effects in foam. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:2249-2255. [PMID: 32026912 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm02301a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We explore the evolution of the mechanical properties of a coarsening foam containing colloidal particles that undergo a sol-gel transition in the continuous phase. This enables us to investigate the impact of elasto-capillarity on foam mechanics over a wide range of elasto-capillary numbers. Right after initiating aggregation the foam mechanics is predominantly determined by the elasticity of the bubbles, while the contributions of the continuous phase become dominant as the colloidal particles form a gel. Taking into account the confined configuration of the foam skeleton for the formation of a space spanning gel, we find that for elasto-capillary numbers exceeding unity the foam mechanics can be described as a simple linear combination of the contributions due to respectively the bubble elasticity and the elastic skeleton. Surprisingly, the contributions of the elastic skeleton to the overall foam mechanics are larger for smaller elasto-capillary numbers, scaling as the inverse of the capillary number.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alesya Mikhailovskaya
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, 91405, Orsay, France.
| | - Véronique Trappe
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Anniina Salonen
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, 91405, Orsay, France.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cho JH, Cerbino R, Bischofberger I. Emergence of Multiscale Dynamics in Colloidal Gels. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:088005. [PMID: 32167319 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.088005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To gain insight into the kinetics of colloidal gel evolution at low particle volume fractions ϕ, we utilize differential dynamic microscopy to investigate particle aggregation, geometric percolation, and the subsequent transition to nonergodic dynamics. We report the emergence of unexpectedly rich multiscale dynamics upon the onset of nonergodicity, which separates the wave vectors q into three different regimes. In the high-q domain, the gel exhibits ϕ-independent internal vibrations of fractal clusters. The intermediate-q domain is dominated by density fluctuations at the length scale of the clusters, as evidenced by the q independence of the relaxation time τ. In the low-q domain, the scaling of τ as q^{-3} suggests that the network appears homogeneous. The transitions between these three regimes introduce two characteristic length scales, distinct from the cluster size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyung Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Roberto Cerbino
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via. F.lli Cervi 93, Segrate (MI) I-20090, Italy
| | - Irmgard Bischofberger
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nguyen HT, Graham AL, Koenig PH, Gelb LD. Computer simulations of colloidal gels: how hindered particle rotation affects structure and rheology. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:256-269. [PMID: 31782472 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01755k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effects of particle roughness and short-ranged non-central forces on colloidal gels are studied using computer simulations in which particles experience a sinusoidal variation in energy as they rotate. The number of minima n and energy scale K are the key parameters; for large K and n, particle rotation is strongly hindered, but for small K and n particle rotation is nearly free. A series of systems are simulated and characterized using fractal dimensions, structure factors, coordination number distributions, bond-angle distributions and linear rheology. When particles rotate easily, clusters restructure to favor dense packings. This leads to longer gelation times and gels with strand-like morphology. The elastic moduli of such gels scale as G'∝ω0.5 at high shear frequencies ω. In contrast, hindered particle rotation inhibits restructuring and leads to rapid gelation and diffuse morphology. Such gels are stiffer, with G'∝ω0.35. The viscous moduli G'' in the low-barrier and high-barrier regimes scale according to exponents 0.53 and 0.5, respectively. The crossover frequency between elastic and viscous behaviors generally increases with the barrier to rotation. These findings agree qualitatively with some recent experiments on heterogeneously-surface particles and with studies of DLCA-type gels and gels of smooth spheres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong T Nguyen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA.
| | - Alan L Graham
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado - Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Peter H Koenig
- Beauty Care Modeling and Simulation, Mason Business Center, 8700 Mason-Montgomery Rd, Mason, OH 45040, USA
| | - Lev D Gelb
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang Q, Xu H, Song Y, Zheng Q. Rheological behavior of fumed silica filled polyethylene oxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingxu Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou, 310027 China
| | - Huilong Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou, 310027 China
| | - Yihu Song
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou, 310027 China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou, 310027 China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Derakhshandeh M, Pilapil BK, Workman B, Trifkovic M, Bryant SL. Analysis of network formation and long-term stability in silica nanoparticle stabilized emulsions. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:4268-4277. [PMID: 29557446 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm02457f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Emulsions are widely used in industrial applications, including in food sciences, cosmetics, and enhanced oil recovery. For these industries, an in depth understanding of the stability and rheological properties of emulsions under both static and dynamic conditions is vital to their successful application. Presented here is a thorough assessment of a model nanoparticle (NP) stabilized dodecane-in-water emulsion as a route to improved understanding of the relationship between NP properties, microstructure and droplet-droplet interactions on the stability and rheological properties of emulsions. Emulsions are obtained here with low NP loadings without the need for added electrolyte through the use of an optimized silica NP (SNP) surface modification procedure. The prepared emulsions were characterized via optical microscopy, cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM), zeta potential analysis and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), enabling quantification of the emulsion droplet size, SNP interfacial coverage/morphology and surface charge. The correlation of these properties with the rheology of the emulsions is investigated through small amplitude oscillatory shear experiments which provide significant insight into the origins of the emulsions' rheological behavior and their stability. In addition, long-term stability, droplet-droplet network formation and microstructural evolution are found to be readily detectable shortly after preparation through measured progression of the emulsion's rheological properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maziar Derakhshandeh
- University of Calgary, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, 2500 University Dr NW Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Brandy K Pilapil
- University of Calgary, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, 2500 University Dr NW Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Ben Workman
- University of Calgary, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, 2500 University Dr NW Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Milana Trifkovic
- University of Calgary, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, 2500 University Dr NW Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Steven L Bryant
- University of Calgary, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, 2500 University Dr NW Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ganguly S, Ray D, Das P, Maity PP, Mondal S, Aswal VK, Dhara S, Das NC. Mechanically robust dual responsive water dispersible-graphene based conductive elastomeric hydrogel for tunable pulsatile drug release. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018; 42:212-227. [PMID: 29429663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanohybrid hydrogels based on pristine graphene with enhanced toughness and dual responsive drug delivery feature is opening a new era for smart materials. Here pristine graphene hydrogels are synthesized by in situ free radical polymerization where graphene platelets are the nanobuiliding blocks to withstand external stress and shows reversible ductility. Such uniqueness is a mere reflection of rubber-like elasticity on the hydrogels. These nanobuilding blocks serve also the extensive physisorption which enhances the physical crosslinking inside the gel matrix. Besides the pH-responsive drug release features, these hydrogels are also implemented as a pulsatile drug delivery device. The electric responsive drug release behaviours are noticed and hypothesized by the formation of conducting network in the polyelectrolytic hydrogel matrix. The hydrogels are also tested as good biocompatibility and feasible cell-attachment during live-dead cell adhesion study. The drug release characteristics can also be tuned by adjusting the conducting filler loading into the gel matrix. As of our knowledge, this type of hydrogels with rubber-like consistency, high mechanical property, tunable and dual responsive drug delivery feature and very good human cell compatible is the first to report.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Ganguly
- Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Debes Ray
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Poushali Das
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Priti Prasanna Maity
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Subhadip Mondal
- Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - V K Aswal
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Santanu Dhara
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Narayan Ch Das
- Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India; School of Nanoscience and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Monroy F. Surface hydrodynamics of viscoelastic fluids and soft solids: Surfing bulk rheology on capillary and Rayleigh waves. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 247:4-22. [PMID: 28735885 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
From the recent advent of the new soft-micro technologies, the hydrodynamic theory of surface modes propagating on viscoelastic bodies has reinvigorated this field of technology with interesting predictions and new possible applications, so recovering its scientific interest very limited at birth to the academic scope. Today, a myriad of soft small objects, deformable meso- and micro-structures, and macroscopically viscoelastic bodies fabricated from colloids and polymers are already available in the materials catalogue. Thus, one can envisage a constellation of new soft objects fabricated by-design with a functional dynamics based on the mechanical interplay of the viscoelastic material with the medium through their interfaces. In this review, we recapitulate the field from its birth and theoretical foundation in the latest 1980s up today, through its flourishing in the 90s from the prediction of extraordinary Rayleigh modes in coexistence with ordinary capillary waves on the surface of viscoelastic fluids, a fact first confirmed in experiments by Dominique Langevin and me with soft gels [Monroy and Langevin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 3167 (1998)]. With this observational discovery at sight, we not only settled the theory previously formulated a few years before, but mainly opened a new field of applications with soft materials where the mechanical interplay between surface and bulk motions matters. Also, new unpublished results from surface wave experiments performed with soft colloids are reported in this contribution, in which the analytic methods of wave surfing synthetized together with the concept of coexisting capillary-shear modes are claimed as an integrated tool to insightfully scrutinize the bulk rheology of soft solids and viscoelastic fluids. This dedicatory to the figure of Dominique Langevin includes an appraisal of the relevant theoretical aspects of the surface hydrodynamics of viscoelastic fluids, and the coverage of the most important experimental results obtained during the three decades of research on this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Monroy
- Departamento de Química Física I, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E28040 Madrid, Spain; Unit of Traslational Biophysics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), E28041 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bouzid M, Colombo J, Barbosa LV, Del Gado E. Elastically driven intermittent microscopic dynamics in soft solids. Nat Commun 2017. [PMID: 28635964 PMCID: PMC5482056 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft solids with tunable mechanical response are at the core of new material technologies, but a crucial limit for applications is their progressive aging over time, which dramatically affects their functionalities. The generally accepted paradigm is that such aging is gradual and its origin is in slower than exponential microscopic dynamics, akin to the ones in supercooled liquids or glasses. Nevertheless, time- and space-resolved measurements have provided contrasting evidence: dynamics faster than exponential, intermittency and abrupt structural changes. Here we use 3D computer simulations of a microscopic model to reveal that the timescales governing stress relaxation, respectively, through thermal fluctuations and elastic recovery are key for the aging dynamics. When thermal fluctuations are too weak, stress heterogeneities frozen-in upon solidification can still partially relax through elastically driven fluctuations. Such fluctuations are intermittent, because of strong correlations that persist over the timescale of experiments or simulations, leading to faster than exponential dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Bouzid
- Department of Physics, Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets, N.W., Washington District Of Columbia 20057, USA
| | - Jader Colombo
- Department of Physics, Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets, N.W., Washington District Of Columbia 20057, USA
| | - Lucas Vieira Barbosa
- Department of Physics, Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets, N.W., Washington District Of Columbia 20057, USA.,CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasilia - DF 70.040-020, Brazil
| | - Emanuela Del Gado
- Department of Physics, Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets, N.W., Washington District Of Columbia 20057, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jatav S, Joshi YM. Analyzing a fractal gel of charged oblate nanoparticles in a suspension using time-resolved rheometry and DLVO theory. Faraday Discuss 2016; 186:199-213. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fd00128e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The disk-like nanoparticles of LAPONITE® are known to self-assemble to form a fractal gel within hours after a sufficiently large concentration of LAPONITE® is dispersed in water containing salt. The concentration of sodium counterions associated with LAPONITE® particles, however, continues to increase over a period of days, suggesting that delamination of LAPONITE® disks from stacks is sluggish and/or dissociation of counterions is slow. In either case, spontaneous self-assembly of LAPONITE® particles occurs even though delamination and/or counterion dissociation has not reached its equilibrium state. In order to determine the nature of the fractal gel as the extent of delamination and/or dissociation progresses towards equilibrium, we subject the LAPONITE® suspension to a freezing–defrosting cycle, which interestingly reinitiates the gelation process in suspension afresh. Application of time-resolved rheometry to a defrosted suspension shows that iso-frequency loss tangent curves intersect at an identical point, validating the Winter–Chambon criterion for a critical fractal gel state. Interestingly, while the time required to form a critical gel is observed to decrease with increased time elapsed since preparation, at which freezing–defrosting is carried out, the fractal dimension of the critical gel is observed to remain unaffected. We also solve DLVO theory for free energy interactions between the negatively charged LAPONITE® particle faces and analyze the observed phenomena.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Jatav
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur
- Kanpur-208016
- India
| | - Yogesh M. Joshi
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur
- Kanpur-208016
- India
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Many household and industrially important soft colloidal materials, such as pastes, concentrated suspensions and emulsions, foams, slurries, inks, and paints, are very viscous and do not flow over practical timescales until sufficient stress is applied. This behavior originates from restricted mobility of the constituents arrested in disordered structures of varying length scales, termed colloidal glasses and gels. Usually these materials are thermodynamically out of equilibrium, which induces a time-dependent evolution of the structure and the properties. This review presents an overview of the rheological behavior of this class of materials. We discuss the experimental observations and theoretical developments regarding the microstructure of these materials, emphasizing the complex coupling between the deformation field and nonequilibrium structures in colloidal glasses and gels, which leads to a rich array of rheological behaviors with profound implications for various industrial processes and products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh M Joshi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India;
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang M, Winter HH, Auernhammer GK. Time and frequency dependent rheology of reactive silica gels. J Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 413:159-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
28
|
Das S, Irin F, Ma L, Bhattacharia SK, Hedden RC, Green MJ. Rheology and morphology of pristine graphene/polyacrylamide gels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:8633-40. [PMID: 23915342 DOI: 10.1021/am402185r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Enhancement of toughness in nanomaterial-based hydrogels is a critical metric for many of their engineering applications. Pristine graphene-polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogels are synthesized via in situ polymerization of acrylamide monomer in PAM-stabilized graphene dispersion. In-situ polymerization leads to the uniform dispersion of the graphene sheets in the hydrogel. The graphene sheets interact with the elastic chains of the hydrogel through physisorption and permit gelation in the absence of any chemical cross-linker. This study represents the first report of pristine graphene as a physical cross-linker in a hydrogel. The properties of the graphene-polymer hydrogel are characterized by rheological measurements and compressive tests, revealing an increase in the storage modulus and toughness of the hydrogels compared to the chemically cross-linked PAM analogues. The physically cross-linked graphene hydrogels also exhibit self-healing properties. These hydrogels prove to be efficient precursors for graphene-PAM aerogels with enhanced electrical conductivity and thermal stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sriya Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kaushal M, Joshi YM. Tailoring relaxation time spectrum in soft glassy materials. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:024904. [PMID: 23862962 DOI: 10.1063/1.4812838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical properties of out of equilibrium soft materials depend on time as well as deformation history. In this work we propose to transform this major shortcoming into gain by applying controlled deformation field to tailor the rheological properties. We take advantage of the fact that deformation field of a certain magnitude can prevent particles in an aging soft glassy material from occupying energy wells up to a certain depth, thereby populating only the deeper wells. We employ two soft glassy materials with dissimilar microstructures and demonstrate that increase in strength of deformation field while aging leads to narrowing of spectrum of relaxation times. We believe that, in principle, this philosophy can be universally applied to different kinds of glassy materials by changing nature and strength of impetus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kaushal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bhosale PS, Berg JC. The dynamics of polymer bridge formation and disruption and its effect on the bulk rheology of suspensions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:16807-16811. [PMID: 23152979 DOI: 10.1021/la3039297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Bridge-flocculated colloidal gels are used in many important processes and products such as gel casting for advanced ceramics, precursor inks for 3D printing, and waste treatment strategies. An important aspect of polymer bridged gels that makes them excellent candidates for these applications is the precise control it affords for control of rheological properties. Recent studies have shown that adhesion between bridged surfaces increases with time as the number of polymer bridges formed grows. However, the consequences of the dynamics of these processes toward bulk rheological properties have not been studied. Here we investigate the link between the dynamics of polymer bridging and disruption and bulk rheology in dense colloidal silica particle suspensions flocculated by polyethylene oxide (PEO). Microscale pull-off force measurements using atomic force microscope (AFM) show that upon repeated disruption and establishment of bridged contact, the adhesion between the surfaces is reduced. During contact disruption, the polymer chains bridging the two surfaces are stretched leading to chain scission. On the re-establishment of contact, these fragmented polymer chains are unable to fully re-establish the adhesion. Macroscale measurements using oscillatory rheology show that this reduced adhesion results in reduction of both the storage modulus and the yield stress. If the slurry is subjected to high shear for long periods, polymer chain scission is amplified, and the fragmented polymer chains are unable to bridge the particles again, resulting in free-flowing slurries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prasad S Bhosale
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Phase behavior and rheological characterization of silica nanoparticle gel. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-012-0168-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
32
|
Guo H, Ramakrishnan S, Harden JL, Leheny RL. Gel formation and aging in weakly attractive nanocolloid suspensions at intermediate concentrations. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:154903. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3653380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
33
|
Tritt-Goc J, Bielejewski M, Luboradzki R. Interaction of chlorobenzene with gelator in methyl-4,6-O-(p-nitrobenzylidene)-α-d-glucopyranoside gel probed by proton fast field cycling NMR relaxometry. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
34
|
Saw S, Ellegaard NL, Kob W, Sastry S. Computer simulation study of the phase behavior and structural relaxation in a gel-former modeled by three-body interactions. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:164506. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3578176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
35
|
Zielinski L, Saha I, Freed DE, Hürlimann MD, Liu Y. Probing asphaltene aggregation in native crude oils with low-field NMR. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:5014-5021. [PMID: 20131761 DOI: 10.1021/la904309k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We show that low-field proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation and diffusion experiments can be used to study asphaltene aggregation directly in crude oils. Relaxation was found to be multiexponential, reflecting the composition of a complex fluid. Remarkably, the relaxation data for samples with different asphaltene concentrations can be collapsed onto each other by a simple rescaling of the time dimension with a concentration-dependent factor xi, whereas the observed diffusion behavior is unaffected by asphaltene concentration. We interpret this finding in terms of a theoretical model that explains the enhanced relaxation by the transitory entanglement of solvent hydrocarbons within asphaltene clusters and their subsequent slowed motion and diffusion within the cluster. We relate the measured scaling parameters xi to cluster sizes, which we find to be on the order of 2.2-4.4 nm for an effective sphere diameter. These sizes are in agreement with the typical values reported in the literature as well as with the small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments performed on our samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Zielinski
- Schlumberger-Doll Research, One Hampshire Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Saw S, Ellegaard NL, Kob W, Sastry S. Structural relaxation of a gel modeled by three body interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:248305. [PMID: 20366240 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.248305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We report a molecular dynamics simulation study of a model gel whose interaction potential is obtained by modifying the three body Stillinger-Weber model potential for silicon. The modification reduces the average coordination number and suppresses the liquid-gas phase coexistence curve. The low density, low temperature equilibrium gel that can thus form exhibits interesting dynamical behavior, including compressed exponential relaxation of density correlations. We show that motion responsible for such relaxation has ballistic character, and arises from the motion of chain segments in the gel without the restructuring of the gel network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shibu Saw
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur Campus, Bangalore 560 064, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mewis J, Wagner NJ. Thixotropy. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 147-148:214-27. [PMID: 19012872 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2008.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2008] [Revised: 09/18/2008] [Accepted: 09/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Flow can induce reversible and irreversible structural changes in dispersions. The analysis of flow effects on microstructure and rheology remains one of the challenging problems in colloid science. The rheological manifestation of flow-induced structural changes is a variable viscosity. If the changes are reversible and time dependent, the effect is called thixotropy. The basic elements of this concept are reviewed here, including its definition and the relation with nonlinear viscoelasticity. The omnipresence of thixotropy is illustrated with a wide range of examples from natural and manmade colloidal systems. Its various rheological manifestations are reviewed as well as possible measurement procedures. The microstructural changes due to flow are quite complex and not fully understood. Existing models for thixotropic suspension rheology are categorized and evaluated.
Collapse
|
38
|
Ovarlez G, Chateau X. Influence of shear stress applied during flow stoppage and rest period on the mechanical properties of thixotropic suspensions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2008; 77:061403. [PMID: 18643262 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.77.061403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We study the solid mechanical properties of several thixotropic suspensions as a function of the shear stress history applied during their flow stoppage and their aging in their solid state. We show that their elastic modulus and yield stress depend strongly on the shear stress applied during their solid-liquid transition (i.e., during flow stoppage) while applying the same stress only before or only after this transition may induce only second-order effects: there is negligible dependence of the mechanical properties on the preshear history and on the shear stress applied at rest. We also found that the suspensions age with a structuration rate that hardly depends on the stress history. We propose a physical sketch based on the freezing of a microstructure whose anisotropy depends on the stress applied during the liquid-solid transition to explain why the mechanical properties depend strongly on this stress. This sketch points out the role of the internal forces in the colloidal suspensions' behavior. We finally discuss briefly the macroscopic consequences of this phenomenon and show the importance of using a controlled-stress rheometer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Ovarlez
- Université Paris Est-Institut Navier, Laboratoire des Matériaux et Structures du Génie Civil, 2, Allée Kepler, 77420 Champs-sur-Marne, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Meng B, Wu J, Li Y, Lou L. Aging process of the bond between colloidal particles measured using laser tweezers. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2008.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
40
|
Kuze T, Terao T. Molecular simulation of binary colloidal mixtures: Gelation and aging phenomena. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2007.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
41
|
Ovarlez G, Coussot P. Physical age of soft-jammed systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2007; 76:011406. [PMID: 17677440 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.76.011406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2006] [Revised: 03/22/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We study experimentally the liquid-solid transition in a soft-jammed system and focus on its aging in the solid regime. We investigate the impact of temperature, density, and load changes on the material behavior. We show that all elastic modulus versus time curves fall on a single master curve when rescaled by an appropriate factor function of the density, the temperature, the load, and the time elapsed since preshear. This allows us to distinguish the effect of temperature and density on the mechanical properties and their effect on aging. Since the time evolutions of the elastic modulus under various conditions are similar within a factor, we suggest that the rescaled time reflects the physical age of the material; i.e., it describes the degree of progress of the structural organization relative to a state of reference of the system in the solid regime and constitutes a means for characterizing the effective state of such systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Ovarlez
- Institut Navier, University Paris-Est, Paris, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Coussot P. Rheophysics of pastes: a review of microscopic modelling approaches. SOFT MATTER 2007; 3:528-540. [PMID: 32900014 DOI: 10.1039/b611021p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pastes are materials intermediate between solids and liquids which are of great practical interest as they keep the shape they have been given. Despite their various internal structures it is possible to draw up a generic rheophysical scheme from which one qualitatively understands, from a physical point of view, their main mechanical characteristics, solid regime, solid-liquid transition, liquid regime, thixotropy and aging. Here we review in detail these different properties as they are generally observed with most pasty materials and the attempts to describe them using microscopic structure-based theoretical models. For real systems a unified, qualitative, conceptual description is provided. For some model systems (, foams, colloidal gels…) there exist consistent microscopic approaches providing quantitative relationships between rheological parameters in the solid regime and physical parameters of the system. For the liquid regime and thixotropy the situation is more complex.
Collapse
|
43
|
Filip D, Duits MHG, Uricanu VI, Mellema J. Plastic-to-elastic transition in aggregated emulsion networks, studied with atomic force microscopy-confocal scanning laser microscopy microrheology. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2006; 22:4558-66. [PMID: 16649764 DOI: 10.1021/la0600898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate how the simultaneous application of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) can be used to characterize the (local) rheological properties of soft condensed matter at micrometer length scales. Measurement of AFM force curves as a function of the indentation amplitude and speed (magnitude and direction) can produce a "mechanical fingerprint" that contains information about material stiffness, hysteretic losses, and time scales for stress relaxation and/or network recovery. The simultaneous CSLM visualization of changes in the material's structure provides complementary information about how the material accommodates the indentation load. Since these experiments are done on areas of O(100 microm2) on materials having a surface of O(1 cm2), the measurements can be repeated on "fresh" material many times, contrary to traditional rheometers where the whole sample is loaded at once. As a particular example, we consider the case of a network of aggregated water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion droplets, in which the mechanical behavior changes drastically over time. Whereas the freshly prepared material shows a soft plastic behavior, after a time lapse of several weeks, the very same sample shows a much stiffer and elastic response. This drastic change in behavior is clearly reflected both in the signature of the AFM force curves and in (the reversibility of) the structural deformations observed with CSLM. The fact that these drastic mechanical changes take place without significant changes in the structure of the material (before loading) indicates that the stiffening of the droplet network is caused by an increase in the strength of the bonds between droplets. A remarkable finding for the elastic droplet network is that, while the structure recovers completely after the indenter is taken out, there is still an appreciable hysteresis in the force curves, indicating that dissipation also occurs. This hysteresis was not found to depend on the indentation speed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Filip
- Physics of Complex Fluids Group, University of Twente, Faculty of Science and Technology, J. M. Burgerscentrum for Fluid Mechanics, and Institute of Mechanics, Processes and Control-Twente (IMPACT), P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|