1
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Cai H, Li D. Recent progress in the interaction between energetic particles and tearing modes. Natl Sci Rev 2022; 9:nwac019. [PMID: 36591571 PMCID: PMC9789689 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of energetic particles and tearing modes and the interactions between them are of great significance for magnetically confined fusion plasmas. In this review, we focus on these issues in the context of tokamak plasmas. The interaction between energetic particles and tearing modes is considered from two perspectives: (i) the influence of energetic particles on tearing modes and (ii) the transport of energetic particles by tearing modes. The influence of energetic particles on tearing modes is described on the basis of a general dispersion relation for tearing modes. The effects of energetic particles are considered separately in the outer region and the island region of a tearing mode. The physics mainly results from the modification of the perturbed parallel current by energetic particles without wave-particle resonance. In addition, the resonance between energetic particles and tearing modes is also reviewed. For the transport of energetic particles, transport of both circulating and trapped energetic particles by tearing mode is reviewed. Our descriptions of physical phenomena here are based on an analytical approach, while the experiments and simulations are used to illustrate and confirm our results. Finally, a number of open issues are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ding Li
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
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2
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Simultaneous detection of neoclassical tearing mode and electron cyclotron current drive locations using electron cyclotron emission in DIII-D. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.02.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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3
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Martin EH, Lau C, Brookman MW, Lohr J. A spectroscopic electric field vector imaging diagnostic for electron cyclotron heating systems. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:10D117. [PMID: 30399893 DOI: 10.1063/1.5038670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An experimental measurement of the wave electric field vector provides important data that can be used to directly compare against 3D full-wave simulations. This direct comparison yields the fastest approach toward identifying missing physics in computational models and providing a high fidelity validation platform. In this paper, we present a diagnostic that is capable of imaging the Electron Cyclotron (EC) wave electric field vector by acquiring filtered images of polarized D β spectral satellites. The diagnostic is designed to have a spatial and temporal resolution on the order of 100 μm and 100 μs, respectively. The diagnostic purpose is to provide experimental data for the direct validation of full-wave codes used to predict EC beam propagation and absorption and to provide real-time monitoring of EC waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Martin
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - C Lau
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - M W Brookman
- General Atomics, 3550 General Atomics Ct., San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - J Lohr
- General Atomics, 3550 General Atomics Ct., San Diego, California 92121, USA
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4
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Yan L, Ji X, Song S, Xia F, Xu Y, Ye J, Jiang M, Chen W, Sun T, Liang S, Ling F, Ma R, Huang M, Qu H, Song X, Yu D, Shi Z, Liu Y, Yang Q, Xu M, Duan X, Liu Y. Control system of neoclassical tearing modes in real time on HL-2A tokamak. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:113504. [PMID: 29195413 DOI: 10.1063/1.5002590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The stability and performance of tokamak plasmas are routinely limited by various magneto-hydrodynamic instabilities, such as neoclassical tearing modes (NTMs). This paper presents a rather simple method to control the NTMs in real time (RT) on a tokamak, including the control principle of a feedback approach for RT suppression and stabilization for the NTMs. The control system combines Mirnov, electron cyclotron emission, and soft X-ray diagnostics used for determining the NTM positions. A methodology for fast detection of 2/1 or 3/2 NTM positions with 129 × 129 grid reconstruction is elucidated. The forty poloidal angles for steering the electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH)/electron cyclotron current drive launcher are used to establish the alignment of antenna mirrors with the center of the NTM and to ensure launcher emission intersecting with the rational surface of a magnetic island. Pilot experiments demonstrate the RT control capability to trace the conventional tearing modes (CTMs) in the HL-2A tokamak. The 2/1 CTMs have been suppressed or stabilized by the ECRH power deposition on site or with the steerable launcher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longwen Yan
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan 610225, China
| | - Xiaoquan Ji
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan 610225, China
| | - Shaodong Song
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan 610225, China
| | - Fan Xia
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan 610225, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan 610225, China
| | - Jiruo Ye
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan 610225, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan 610225, China
| | - Wenjin Chen
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan 610225, China
| | - Tengfei Sun
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan 610225, China
| | - Shaoyong Liang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan 610225, China
| | - Fei Ling
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan 610225, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan 610225, China
| | - Mei Huang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan 610225, China
| | - Hongpeng Qu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan 610225, China
| | - Xianming Song
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan 610225, China
| | - Deliang Yu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan 610225, China
| | - Zhongbin Shi
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan 610225, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan 610225, China
| | - Qingwei Yang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan 610225, China
| | - Min Xu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan 610225, China
| | - Xuru Duan
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan 610225, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan 610225, China
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5
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Wagner D, Leuterer F, Manini A, Monaco F, Münich M, Ryter F, Schütz H, Stober J, Zohm H, Franke T, Danilov I, Heidinger R, Thumm M, Gantenbein G, Kasparek W, Lechte C, Litvak A, Denisov G, Tai E, Popov L, Nichiporenko V, Myasnikov V, Solyanova E, Malygin S, Meo F, Woskovh P. The New Multifrequency Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating System for ASDEX Upgrade. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst07-a1509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Wagner
- Max-Plank-Institut für Plasmaphysik, EURATOM-IPP, Boltzmannstraβe 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Fritz Leuterer
- Max-Plank-Institut für Plasmaphysik, EURATOM-IPP, Boltzmannstraβe 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Adriano Manini
- Max-Plank-Institut für Plasmaphysik, EURATOM-IPP, Boltzmannstraβe 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Francesco Monaco
- Max-Plank-Institut für Plasmaphysik, EURATOM-IPP, Boltzmannstraβe 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Max Münich
- Max-Plank-Institut für Plasmaphysik, EURATOM-IPP, Boltzmannstraβe 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - François Ryter
- Max-Plank-Institut für Plasmaphysik, EURATOM-IPP, Boltzmannstraβe 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Harald Schütz
- Max-Plank-Institut für Plasmaphysik, EURATOM-IPP, Boltzmannstraβe 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jörg Stober
- Max-Plank-Institut für Plasmaphysik, EURATOM-IPP, Boltzmannstraβe 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Hartmut Zohm
- Max-Plank-Institut für Plasmaphysik, EURATOM-IPP, Boltzmannstraβe 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Franke
- Max-Plank-Institut für Plasmaphysik, EURATOM-IPP, Boltzmannstraβe 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Igor Danilov
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Association Euratom-FZK, Institut für Materialforschung, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Roland Heidinger
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Association Euratom-FZK, Institut für Materialforschung, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Manfred Thumm
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Association Euratom-FZK, Institut für Hochleistungsimpuls- und Mikrowellentechnik D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gerd Gantenbein
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Association Euratom-FZK, Institut für Hochleistungsimpuls- und Mikrowellentechnik D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Walter Kasparek
- Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Plasmaforschung, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Carsten Lechte
- Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Plasmaforschung, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Alexander Litvak
- Institute of Applied Physics, 46 Ulyanov Street, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - Gregory Denisov
- Institute of Applied Physics, 46 Ulyanov Street, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - Evgeny Tai
- GYCOM Ltd, 46 Ulyanov Street, Nizhny Novgorod, 603155, Russia
| | - Leonid Popov
- GYCOM Ltd, 46 Ulyanov Street, Nizhny Novgorod, 603155, Russia
| | | | - Vadim Myasnikov
- GYCOM Ltd, 46 Ulyanov Street, Nizhny Novgorod, 603155, Russia
| | - Elena Solyanova
- GYCOM Ltd, 46 Ulyanov Street, Nizhny Novgorod, 603155, Russia
| | - Sergey Malygin
- GYCOM Ltd, 46 Ulyanov Street, Nizhny Novgorod, 603155, Russia
| | - Fernando Meo
- Association EURATOM-Risø National Laboratory, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Paul Woskovh
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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6
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Leuterer F, MÜnich M, Brandl F, Brinkschulte H, GrÜnwald G, Manini A, Monaco F, Ryter F, SchÜtz H, Stober J, Wagner D, Kasparek W, Gantenbein G, Empacher L, Lechte C, Kumric H, SchÜller P, Litvak A, Chirkov A, Denisov G, Fix A, Illin V, Malygin S, Miasnikov V, Nichiporenko V, Popov L, Tai E, Zapevalov V. Operation Experience with the ASDEX Upgrade ECRH System. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst09-a4051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Leuterer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Association Euratom-IPP, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M. MÜnich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Association Euratom-IPP, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - F. Brandl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Association Euratom-IPP, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - H. Brinkschulte
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Association Euratom-IPP, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - G. GrÜnwald
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Association Euratom-IPP, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A. Manini
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Association Euratom-IPP, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - F. Monaco
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Association Euratom-IPP, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - F. Ryter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Association Euratom-IPP, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - H. SchÜtz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Association Euratom-IPP, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - J. Stober
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Association Euratom-IPP, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - D. Wagner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Association Euratom-IPP, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - W. Kasparek
- Institut für Plasmaforschung, Universität Stuttgart, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - G. Gantenbein
- Institut für Plasmaforschung, Universität Stuttgart, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - L. Empacher
- Institut für Plasmaforschung, Universität Stuttgart, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - C. Lechte
- Institut für Plasmaforschung, Universität Stuttgart, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - H. Kumric
- Institut für Plasmaforschung, Universität Stuttgart, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - P. SchÜller
- Institut für Plasmaforschung, Universität Stuttgart, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - A. Litvak
- Institute of Applied Physics, RAS, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - A. Chirkov
- Institute of Applied Physics, RAS, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - G. Denisov
- Institute of Applied Physics, RAS, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - A. Fix
- Institute of Applied Physics, RAS, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - V. Illin
- Institute of Applied Physics, RAS, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - S. Malygin
- Institute of Applied Physics, RAS, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - V. Miasnikov
- Institute of Applied Physics, RAS, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - V. Nichiporenko
- Institute of Applied Physics, RAS, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - L. Popov
- Institute of Applied Physics, RAS, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - E. Tai
- Institute of Applied Physics, RAS, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - V. Zapevalov
- Institute of Applied Physics, RAS, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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7
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Zohm H. Recent Experimental Progress in Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating and Electron Cyclotron Current Drive in Magnetically Confined Fusion Plasmas. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst07-a1492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Zohm
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, EURATOM Association D-85748 Garching, Germany
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8
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Hicks NK, Suttrop W, Behler K, García-Muñoz M, Giannone L, Maraschek M, Raupp G, Reich M, Sips ACC, Stober J, Treutterer W, Volpe F, Cirant S, D’Antona G. Fast Sampling Upgrade and Real-Time NTM Control Application of the ECE Radiometer on ASDEX Upgrade. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst57-1-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. K. Hicks
- Max Planck Institut für Plasmaphysik EURATOM Association, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - W. Suttrop
- Max Planck Institut für Plasmaphysik EURATOM Association, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - K. Behler
- Max Planck Institut für Plasmaphysik EURATOM Association, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M. García-Muñoz
- Max Planck Institut für Plasmaphysik EURATOM Association, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - L. Giannone
- Max Planck Institut für Plasmaphysik EURATOM Association, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M. Maraschek
- Max Planck Institut für Plasmaphysik EURATOM Association, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - G. Raupp
- Max Planck Institut für Plasmaphysik EURATOM Association, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M. Reich
- Max Planck Institut für Plasmaphysik EURATOM Association, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A. C. C. Sips
- Max Planck Institut für Plasmaphysik EURATOM Association, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - J. Stober
- Max Planck Institut für Plasmaphysik EURATOM Association, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - W. Treutterer
- Max Planck Institut für Plasmaphysik EURATOM Association, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - F. Volpe
- Max Planck Institut für Plasmaphysik EURATOM Association, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - S. Cirant
- Istituto di Fisica del Plasma Associazione EURATOM-ENEA-CNR, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - G. D’Antona
- Politecnico di Milano, Dip. di Elettrotecnica P.za L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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9
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Kasparek W, Van Den Braber R, Doelman N, Fritz E, Erckmann V, Hollmann F, Michel G, Noke F, Purps F, Bongers W, Krijger B, Petelin M, Lubyako L, Bruschi A. High-Power Performance of a Resonant Diplexer for Advanced ECRH. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst11-a11738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Kasparek
- Institut für Plasmaforschung, Universität Stuttgart, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - R. Van Den Braber
- TNO Science and Industry, Department of Mechatronic Equipment, NL-2600 Delft, The Netherlands
| | - N. Doelman
- TNO Science and Industry, Department of Mechatronic Equipment, NL-2600 Delft, The Netherlands
| | - E. Fritz
- TNO Science and Industry, Department of Mechatronic Equipment, NL-2600 Delft, The Netherlands
| | - V. Erckmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, EURATOM Association, Teilinstitut Greifswald, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - F. Hollmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, EURATOM Association, Teilinstitut Greifswald, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - G. Michel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, EURATOM Association, Teilinstitut Greifswald, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - F. Noke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, EURATOM Association, Teilinstitut Greifswald, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - F. Purps
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, EURATOM Association, Teilinstitut Greifswald, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - W. Bongers
- FOM Institute for Plasma Physics “Rijnhuizen,” NL-3439 Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - B. Krijger
- FOM Institute for Plasma Physics “Rijnhuizen,” NL-3439 Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - M. Petelin
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Science, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - L. Lubyako
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Science, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - A. Bruschi
- Istituto di Fisica del Plasma, EURATOM-ENEA-CNR Association, I-20125 Milano, Italy
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10
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Zhang Y, Wang XG, Wang XJ, Hu HC, Liu Y, Ti A, Xu LQ, Zhang XD, Team EAS. Design of Control System for Suppression of Neoclassical Tearing Modes with Electron Cyclotron Heating and Current Drive on EAST. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst15-138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei 230031, China
| | - X. G Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei 230031, China
| | - X. J Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei 230031, China
| | - H. C Hu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Y Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei 230031, China
| | - A Ti
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei 230031, China
| | - L. Q Xu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei 230031, China
| | - X. D Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei 230031, China
| | - EAS Team
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei 230031, China
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11
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A current-pulsed power supply with rapid rising and falling edges for magnetic perturbation coils on the J-TEXT tokamak. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2016.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Volpe FA, Hyatt A, La Haye RJ, Lanctot MJ, Lohr J, Prater R, Strait EJ, Welander A. Avoiding Tokamak Disruptions by Applying Static Magnetic Fields That Align Locked Modes with Stabilizing Wave-Driven Currents. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:175002. [PMID: 26551119 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.175002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nonrotating ("locked") magnetic islands often lead to complete losses of confinement in tokamak plasmas, called major disruptions. Here locked islands were suppressed for the first time, by a combination of applied three-dimensional magnetic fields and injected millimeter waves. The applied fields were used to control the phase of locking and so align the island O point with the region where the injected waves generated noninductive currents. This resulted in stabilization of the locked island, disruption avoidance, recovery of high confinement, and high pressure, in accordance with the expected dependencies upon wave power and relative phase between the O point and driven current.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Volpe
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - A Hyatt
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - R J La Haye
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - M J Lanctot
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - J Lohr
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - R Prater
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - E J Strait
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - A Welander
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92121, USA
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13
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Kasparek W, Plaum B, Lechte C, Wu Z, Wang H, Maraschek M, Stober J, Wagner D, Reich M, Schubert M, Grünwald G, Monaco F, Müller S, Schütz H, Erckmann V, Doelman N, van den Braber R, Klop W, van den Brand H, Bongers W, Krijger B, Petelin M, Koposova E, Lubyako L, Bruschi A, Sakamoto K. Development of Resonant Diplexers for high-power ECRH – Status, Applications, Plans. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20158704010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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14
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Stober J, Barrera L, Behler K, Bock A, Buhler A, Eixenberger H, Giannone L, Kasparek W, Maraschek M, Mlynek A, Monaco F, Poli E, Rapson C, Reich M, Schubert M, Treutterer W, Wagner D, Zohm H. Feedback-controlled NTM stabilization on ASDEX Upgrade. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20158702017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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15
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Idei H, Moriyama S, Kobayashi T, Isayama A, Sakaguchi M, Kasparek W. Research and Development of 2-frequency (110/138 GHz) FADIS for JT-60SA ECHCD system. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20158704009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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16
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Kalman filters for real-time magnetic island phase tracking. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2013.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kolemen E, Ellis R, La Haye R, Humphreys D, Lohr J, Noraky S, Penaflor B, Welander A. Real-time mirror steering for improved closed loop neoclassical tearing mode suppression by electron cyclotron current drive in DIII-D. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2013.02.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Volpe F, Austin ME, Campbell G, Deterly T. Oblique electron-cyclotron-emission radial and phase detector of rotating magnetic islands applied to alignment and modulation of electron-cyclotron-current-drive for neoclassical tearing mode stabilization. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2012; 83:103507. [PMID: 23126766 DOI: 10.1063/1.4758780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A two channel oblique electron cyclotron emission (ECE) radiometer was installed on the DIII-D tokamak and interfaced to four gyrotrons. Oblique ECE was used to toroidally and radially localize rotating magnetic islands and so assist their electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) stabilization. In particular, after manipulations operated by the interfacing analogue circuit, the oblique ECE signals directly modulated the current drive in synch with the island rotation and in phase with the island O-point, for a more efficient stabilization. Apart from the different toroidal location, the diagnostic view is identical to the ECCD launch direction, which greatly simplified the real-time use of the signals. In fact, a simple toroidal extrapolation was sufficient to lock the modulation to the O-point phase. This was accomplished by a specially designed phase shifter of nearly flat response over the 1-7 kHz range. Moreover, correlation analysis of two channels slightly above and below the ECCD frequency allowed checking the radial alignment to the island, based on the fact that for satisfactory alignment the two signals are out of phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Volpe
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.
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Stober J, Bock A, Höhnle H, Reich M, Sommer F, Treutterer W, Wagner D, Gianone L, Herrmann A, Leuterer F, Monaco F, Marascheck M, Mlynek A, Müller S, Münich M, Poli E, Schubert M, Schütz H, Zohm H, Kasparek W, Stroth U, Meier A, Scherer T, Strauβ D, Vaccaro A, Flamm J, Thumm M, Litvak A, Denisov G, Chirkov A, Tai E, Popov L, Nichiporenko V, Myasnikov V, Soluyanova E, Malygin S. ECRH on ASDEX Upgrade - System Status, Feed-Back Control, Plasma Physics Results -. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2012. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20123202011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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20
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Kasparek W, Plaum B, Lechte C, Filipovic E, Erckmann V, Grünwald G, Hollmann F, Maraschek M, Michel G, Monaco F, Müller S, Noke F, Purps F, Schubert M, Schütz H, Stober J, Wagner D, van den Braber R, Doelman N, Fritz E, Bongers W, Krijger B, Petelin M, Lubyako L, Bruschi A, Sakamoto K. Status of Resonant Diplexer Development for high-power ECRH Applications. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2012. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20123204008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Goodman TP, Felici F, Sauter O, Graves JP. Sawtooth pacing by real-time auxiliary power control in a tokamak plasma. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:245002. [PMID: 21770577 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.245002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In the standard scenario of tokamak plasma operation, sawtooth crashes are the main perturbations that can trigger performance-degrading, and potentially disruption-generating, neoclassical tearing modes. This Letter demonstrates sawtooth pacing by real-time control of the auxiliary power. It is shown that the sawtooth crash takes place in a reproducible manner shortly after the removal of that power, and this can be used to precisely prescribe, i.e., pace, the individual sawteeth. In combination with preemptive stabilization of the neoclassical tearing modes, sawtooth pacing provides a new sawtooth control paradigm for improved performance in burning plasmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Goodman
- Centre de Recherches en Physiques des Plasmas, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (CRPP-EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Sen A. Introduction to Neoclassical Tearing Modes and the Role of Rotation. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.13182/fst11-a11694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Sen
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
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Oosterbeek JW, Bürger A, Westerhof E, de Baar MR, van den Berg MA, Bongers WA, Graswinckel MF, Hennen BA, Kruijt OG, Thoen J, Heidinger R, Korsholm SB, Leipold F, Nielsen SK. A line-of-sight electron cyclotron emission receiver for electron cyclotron resonance heating feedback control of tearing modes. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2008; 79:093503. [PMID: 19044409 DOI: 10.1063/1.2976665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
An electron cyclotron emission (ECE) receiver inside the electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) transmission line has been brought into operation. The ECE is extracted by placing a quartz plate acting as a Fabry-Perot interferometer under an angle inside the electron cyclotron wave (ECW) beam. ECE measurements are obtained during high power ECRH operation. This demonstrates the successful operation of the diagnostic and, in particular, a sufficient suppression of the gyrotron component preventing it from interfering with ECE measurements. When integrated into a feedback system for the control of plasma instabilities this line-of-sight ECE diagnostic removes the need to localize the instabilities in absolute coordinates.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Oosterbeek
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energieforschung-Plasmaphysik,Association EURATOM-FZJ, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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