1
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Norouzi Darabad M, Singha S, Vanapalli SA, Vaughn MW, Blawzdziewicz J. Capillary imbibition of confined monodisperse emulsions in microfluidic channels. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:4337-4357. [PMID: 38639811 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00179f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
We study imbibition of a monodisperse emulsion into high-aspect ratio microfluidic channels with the height h comparable to the droplet diameter d. Two distinct regimes are identified in the imbibition dynamics. In a strongly confined system (the confinement ratio d/h = 1.2 in our experiments), the droplets are flattened between the channel walls and move more slowly compared to the average suspension velocity. As a result, a droplet-free region forms behind the meniscus (separated from the suspension region by a sharp concentration front) and the suspension exhibits strong droplet-density and velocity fluctuations. In a weaker confinement, d/h = 0.65, approximately spherical droplets move faster than the average suspension flow, causing development of a dynamically unstable high-concentration region near the meniscus. This instability results in the formation of dense droplet clusters, which migrate downstream relative to the average suspension flow, thus affecting the entire suspension dynamics. We explain the observed phenomena using linear transport equations for the particle-phase and suspension fluxes driven by the local pressure gradient. We also use a dipolar particle interaction model to numerically simulate the imbibition dynamics. The observed large velocity fluctuations in strongly confined systems are elucidated in terms of migration of self-assembled particle chains with highly anisotropic mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Norouzi Darabad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Box 43121, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
| | - Sagnik Singha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Box 41021, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
| | - Siva A Vanapalli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Box 43121, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
| | - Mark W Vaughn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Box 43121, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
| | - Jerzy Blawzdziewicz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Box 41021, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Tech University, Box 41051, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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2
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Lips D, Cereceda-López E, Ortiz-Ambriz A, Tierno P, Ryabov A, Maass P. Hydrodynamic interactions hinder transport of flow-driven colloidal particles. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:8983-8994. [PMID: 36383199 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01114j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The flow-driven transport of interacting micron-sized particles occurs in many soft matter systems spanning from the translocation of proteins to moving emulsions in microfluidic devices. Here we combine experiments and theory to investigate the collective transport properties of colloidal particles along a rotating ring of optical traps. In the corotating reference frame, the particles are driven by a vortex flow of the surrounding fluid. When increasing the depth of the optical potential, we observe a jamming behavior that manifests itself in a strong reduction of the current with increasing particle density. We show that this jamming is caused by hydrodynamic interactions that enhance the energetic barriers between the optical traps. This leads to a transition from an over- to an under-critical tilting of the potential in the corotating frame. Based on analytical considerations, the enhancement effect is estimated to increase with increasing particle size or decreasing radius of the ring of traps. Measurements for different ring radii and Stokesian dynamics simulations for corresponding particle sizes confirm this. The enhancement of potential barriers in the flow-driven system is contrasted to the reduction of barriers in a force-driven one. This diverse behavior demonstrates that hydrodynamic interactions can have a very different impact on the collective dynamics of many-body systems. Applications to soft matter and biological systems require careful consideration of the driving mechanism and of the role of hydrodynamic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Lips
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Osnabrück, Barbarastraße 7, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany.
| | - Eric Cereceda-López
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, Universitat de Barcelona (IN2UB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Ortiz-Ambriz
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, Universitat de Barcelona (IN2UB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Campus Monterrey, 64849, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Pietro Tierno
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, Universitat de Barcelona (IN2UB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Artem Ryabov
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Macromolecular Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, CZ-18000 Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - Philipp Maass
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Osnabrück, Barbarastraße 7, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany.
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3
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Abstract
This review focuses on experimental work on nonlinear phenomena in microfluidics, which for the most part are phenomena for which the velocity of a fluid flowing through a microfluidic channel does not scale proportionately with the pressure drop. Examples include oscillations, flow-switching behaviors, and bifurcations. These phenomena are qualitatively distinct from laminar, diffusion-limited flows that are often associated with microfluidics. We explore the nonlinear behaviors of bubbles or droplets when they travel alone or in trains through a microfluidic network or when they assemble into either one- or two-dimensional crystals. We consider the nonlinearities that can be induced by the geometry of channels, such as their curvature or the bas-relief patterning of their base. By casting posts, barriers, or membranes─situated inside channels─from stimuli-responsive or flexible materials, the shape, size, or configuration of these elements can be altered by flowing fluids, which may enable autonomous flow control. We also highlight some of the nonlinearities that arise from operating devices at intermediate Reynolds numbers or from using non-Newtonian fluids or liquid metals. We include a brief discussion of relevant practical applications, including flow gating, mixing, and particle separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Battat
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - David A Weitz
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States.,Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - George M Whitesides
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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4
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Poncet A, Bartolo D. When Soft Crystals Defy Newton's Third Law: Nonreciprocal Mechanics and Dislocation Motility. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:048002. [PMID: 35148143 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.048002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The effective interactions between the constituents of driven soft matter generically defy Newton's third law. Combining theory and numerical simulations, we establish that six classes of mechanics with no counterparts in equilibrium systems emerge in elastic crystals challenged by nonreciprocal interactions. Going beyond linear deformations, we reveal that interactions violating Newton's third law generically turn otherwise quiescent dislocations into motile singularities which steadily glide though periodic lattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Poncet
- Université Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Denis Bartolo
- Université Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
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5
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Tlusty T. Exceptional topology in ordinary soft matter. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:025002. [PMID: 34525622 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.025002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamics is shown to induce non-Hermitian topological phenomena in ordinary, passive soft matter. This is demonstrated by subjecting a two-dimensional elastic lattice to a low-Reynolds viscous flow. The interplay of hydrodynamics and elasticity splits Dirac cones into bulk Fermi arcs, pairing exceptional points with opposite half-integer topological charges. The bulk Fermi arc is a generic hallmark of the system exhibited in all lattice and flow symmetries. An analytic model and simulations explain how the emergent singularities shape the spectral bands and give rise to a web of van Hove singularity lines in the density of states. The present findings suggest that non-Hermitian physics can be explored in a broad class of ordinary soft matter, living and artificial alike, opening avenues for topology-based technology in this regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsvi Tlusty
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science, and Physics and Chemistry Departments, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Korea
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6
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Del Giudice F, D'Avino G, Maffettone PL. Microfluidic formation of crystal-like structures. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:2069-2094. [PMID: 34002182 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00144b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Crystal-like structures find application in several fields ranging from biomedical engineering to material science. For instance, droplet crystals are critical for high throughput assays and material synthesis, while particle crystals are important for particles and cell encapsulation, Drop-seq technologies, and single-cell analysis. Formation of crystal-like structures relies entirely on the possibility of manipulating with great accuracy the micrometer-size objects forming the crystal. In this context, microfluidic devices offer versatile tools for the precise manipulation of droplets and particles, thus enabling fabrication of crystal-like structures that form due to hydrodynamic interactions among droplets or particles. In this review, we aim at providing an holistic representation of crystal-like structure formation mediated by hydrodynamic interactions in microfluidic devices. We also discuss the physical origin of these hydrodynamic interactions and their relation to parameters such as device geometry, fluid properties, and flow conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Del Giudice
- System and Process Engineering Centre, College of Engineering, Fabian Way, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK.
| | - Gaetano D'Avino
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Universitá degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Pier Luca Maffettone
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Universitá degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
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7
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Singha S, Malipeddi AR, Zurita-Gotor M, Sarkar K, Shen K, Loewenberg M, Migler KB, Blawzdziewicz J. Mechanisms of spontaneous chain formation and subsequent microstructural evolution in shear-driven strongly confined drop monolayers. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:4873-4889. [PMID: 31165134 PMCID: PMC6914215 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00536f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
It was experimentally demonstrated by Migler and his collaborators [Phys. Rev. Lett., 2001, 86, 1023; Langmuir, 2003, 19, 8667] that a strongly confined drop monolayer sheared between two parallel plates can spontaneously develop a flow-oriented drop-chain morphology. Here we show that the formation of the chain-like microstructure is driven by far-field Hele-Shaw quadrupolar interactions between drops, and that drop spacing within chains is controlled by the effective drop repulsion associated with the existence of confinement-induced reversing streamlines, i.e., the swapping trajectory effect. Using direct numerical simulations and an accurate quasi-2D model that incorporates quadrupolar and swapping-trajectory contributions, we analyze microstructural evolution in a monodisperse drop monolayer. Consistent with experimental observations, we find that drop spacing within individual chains is usually uniform. Further analysis shows that at low area fractions all chains have the same spacing, but at higher area fractions there is a large spacing variation from chain to chain. These findings are explained in terms of uncompressed and compressed chains. At low area fractions most chains are uncompressed (spacing equals lst, which is the stable separation of an isolated pair). At higher area fractions compressed chains (with tighter spacing) are formed in a process of chain zipping along y-shaped structural defects. We also discuss the relevance of our findings to other shear-driven systems, such as suspensions of spheres in non-Newtonian fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagnik Singha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Box 41021, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
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8
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Shen Z, Fischer TM, Farutin A, Vlahovska PM, Harting J, Misbah C. Blood Crystal: Emergent Order of Red Blood Cells Under Wall-Confined Shear Flow. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:268102. [PMID: 30004752 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.268102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Driven or active suspensions can display fascinating collective behavior, where coherent motions or structures arise on a scale much larger than that of the constituent particles. Here, we report numerical simulations and an analytical model revealing that deformable particles and, in particular, red blood cells (RBCs) assemble into regular patterns in a confined shear flow. The pattern wavelength concurs well with our experimental observations. The order is of a pure hydrodynamic and inertialess origin, and it emerges from a subtle interplay between (i) hydrodynamic repulsion by the bounding walls that drives deformable cells towards the channel midplane and (ii) intercellular hydrodynamic interactions that can be attractive or repulsive depending on cell-cell separation. Various crystal-like structures arise depending on the RBC concentration and confinement. Hardened RBCs in experiments and rigid particles in simulations remain disordered under the same conditions where deformable RBCs form regular patterns, highlighting the intimate link between particle deformability and the emergence of order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaiyi Shen
- Université Grenoble Alpes, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas M Fischer
- Université Grenoble Alpes, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- Laboratory for Red Cell Rheology, 52134 Herzogenrath, Germany
| | - Alexander Farutin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Petia M Vlahovska
- Engineering Sciences and Applied Math, Northwestern University, Evanston 60208, USA
| | - Jens Harting
- Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Fürther Strasse 248, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Chaouqi Misbah
- Université Grenoble Alpes, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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9
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Oyama N, Teshigawara K, Molina JJ, Yamamoto R, Taniguchi T. Reynolds-number-dependent dynamical transitions on hydrodynamic synchronization modes of externally driven colloids. Phys Rev E 2018; 97:032611. [PMID: 29776043 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.97.032611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The collective dynamics of externally driven N_{p}-colloidal systems (1≤N_{p}≤4) in a confined viscous fluid have been investigated using three-dimensional direct numerical simulations with fully resolved hydrodynamics. The dynamical modes of collective particle motion are studied by changing the particle Reynolds number as determined by the strength of the external driving force and the confining wall distance. For a system with N_{p}=3, we found that at a critical Reynolds number a dynamical mode transition occurs from the doublet-singlet mode to the triplet mode, which has not been reported experimentally. The dynamical mode transition was analyzed in detail from the following two viewpoints: (1) spectrum analysis of the time evolution of a tagged particle velocity and (2) the relative acceleration of the doublet cluster with respect to the singlet particle. For a system with N_{p}=4, we found similar dynamical mode transitions from the doublet-singlet-singlet mode to the triplet-singlet mode and further to the quartet mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiro Oyama
- Mathematics for Advanced Materials-OIL, AIST-Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kosuke Teshigawara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - John Jairo Molina
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Yamamoto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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10
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Tsang ACH, Shelley MJ, Kanso E. Activity-induced instability of phonons in 1D microfluidic crystals. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:945-950. [PMID: 29319100 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01335c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
One-dimensional crystals of passively-driven particles in microfluidic channels exhibit collective vibrational modes reminiscent of acoustic 'phonons'. These phonons are induced by the long-range hydrodynamic interactions among the particles and are neutrally stable at the linear level. Here, we analyze the effect of particle activity - self-propulsion - on the emergence and stability of these phonons. We show that the direction of wave propagation in active crystals is sensitive to the intensity of the background flow. We also show that activity couples, at the linear level, transverse waves to the particles' rotational motion, inducing a new mode of instability that persists in the limit of large background flow, or, equivalently, vanishingly small activity. We then report a new phenomenon of phonons switching back and forth between two adjacent crystals in both passively-driven and active systems, similar in nature to the wave switching observed in quantum mechanics, optical communication, and density stratified fluids. These findings could have implications for the design of commercial microfluidic systems and the self-assembly of passive and active micro-particles into one-dimensional structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Cheng Hou Tsang
- Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA. and Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Michael J Shelley
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, USA and Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, New York 10012, USA
| | - Eva Kanso
- Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA. and Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, USA and Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, New York 10012, USA
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11
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Beatus T, Shani I, Bar-Ziv RH, Tlusty T. Two-dimensional flow of driven particles: a microfluidic pathway to the non-equilibrium frontier. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:5620-5646. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00374a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We discuss the basic physics of the flow of micron-scale droplets in 2D geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsevi Beatus
- The Rachel and Selim Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering
- The Alexander Grass Center for Bioengineering, and The Silberman Institute of Life Science
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
- Israel
| | - Itamar Shani
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics
- University of Maryland
- College Park
- MD
- USA
| | - Roy H. Bar-Ziv
- Dept. of Materials and Interfaces
- Weizmann Institute of Science
- Rehovot
- Israel
| | - Tsvi Tlusty
- Center for Soft and Living Matter
- Institute for Basic Science (IBS)
- Ulsan
- Korea
- Dept. of Physics
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12
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Clavería V, Aouane O, Thiébaud M, Abkarian M, Coupier G, Misbah C, John T, Wagner C. Clusters of red blood cells in microcapillary flow: hydrodynamic versus macromolecule induced interaction. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:8235-8245. [PMID: 27714335 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm01165a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present experiments on RBCs that flow through micro-capillaries under physiological conditions. The strong flow-shape coupling of these deformable objects leads to a rich variety of cluster formation. We show that the RBC clusters form as a subtle imbrication between hydrodynamic interactions and adhesion forces because of plasma proteins, mimicked by the polymer dextran. Clusters form along the capillaries and macromolecule-induced adhesion contributes to their stability. However, at high yet physiological flow velocities, shear stresses overcome part of the adhesion forces, and cluster stabilization due to hydrodynamics becomes stronger. For the case of pure hydrodynamic interaction, cell-to-cell distances have a pronounced bimodal distribution. Our 2D-numerical simulations on vesicles capture the transition between adhesive and non-adhesive clusters at different flow velocities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Clavería
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany. and Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS UMR5048, INSERM U1054, Université de Montpellier, 29 rue de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Othmane Aouane
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany. and Université Grenoble Alpes, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France and CNRS, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France and LMPHE, URAC 12, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V-Agdal, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Marine Thiébaud
- Université Grenoble Alpes, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France and CNRS, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Manouk Abkarian
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS UMR5048, INSERM U1054, Université de Montpellier, 29 rue de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Gwennou Coupier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France and CNRS, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Chaouqi Misbah
- Université Grenoble Alpes, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France and CNRS, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas John
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Christian Wagner
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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13
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Colloid particle transport in a microcapillary: NMR study of particle and suspending fluid dynamics. Chem Eng Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Raj MD, Rengaswamy R. Investigating Arrangement of Composite Drops in Two-Dimensional Microchannels Using Multiagent Simulations: A Design Perspective. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b02681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Danny Raj
- 150 Mechanical Sciences
Block, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India
| | - R. Rengaswamy
- 150 Mechanical Sciences
Block, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India
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15
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Li Y, Huo Y, Zhang Y. Two dimensional colloidal crystals formed by particle self-assembly due to hydrodynamic interaction. Colloid Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-015-3636-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Schiller UD, Fleury JB, Seemann R, Gompper G. Collective waves in dense and confined microfluidic droplet arrays. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:5850-5861. [PMID: 26107262 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01116g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Excitation mechanisms for collective waves in confined dense one-dimensional microfluidic droplet arrays are investigated by experiments and computer simulations. We demonstrate that distinct modes can be excited by creating specific 'defect' patterns in flowing droplet trains. Excited longitudinal modes exhibit a short-lived cascade of pairs of laterally displacing droplets. Transversely excited modes obey the dispersion relation of microfluidic phonons and induce a coupling between longitudinal and transverse modes, whose origin is the hydrodynamic interaction of the droplets with the confining walls. Moreover, we investigate the long-time behaviour of the oscillations and discuss possible mechanisms for the onset of instabilities. Our findings demonstrate that the collective dynamics of microfluidic droplet ensembles can be studied particularly well in dense and confined systems. Experimentally, the ability to control microfluidic droplets may allow the modulation of the refractive index of optofluidic crystals, which is a promising approach for the production of dynamically programmable metamaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf D Schiller
- Theoretical Soft Matter and Biophysics, Institute of Complex Systems, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
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17
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Nagar H, Roichman Y. Collective excitations of hydrodynamically coupled driven colloidal particles. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 90:042302. [PMID: 25375489 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.042302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Two colloidal particles, driven around an optical vortex trap, have been recently shown to pair due to an interplay between hydrodynamic interactions and the curved path they are forced to follow. We demonstrate here that this pairing interaction can be tuned experimentally, and we study its effect on the collective excitations of many particles driven around such an optical trap. We find that even though the system is overdamped, hydrodynamic interactions due to driving give rise to nondecaying excitations with characteristic dispersion relations. The collective excitations of the colloidal ring reflect fluctuations of particle pairs rather than those of single particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harel Nagar
- Raymond & Beverly Sackler School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Yael Roichman
- Raymond & Beverly Sackler School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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18
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Doppler-based flow rate sensing in microfluidic channels. SENSORS 2014; 14:16799-807. [PMID: 25211195 PMCID: PMC4208200 DOI: 10.3390/s140916799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We design, fabricate and experimentally demonstrate a novel generic method to detect flow rates and precise changes of flow velocity in microfluidic devices. Using our method we can measure flow rates of ∼2 mm/s with a resolution of 0.08 mm/s. The operation principle is based on the Doppler shifting of light diffracted from a self-generated periodic array of bubbles within the channel and using self-heterodyne detection to analyze the diffracted light. As such, the device is appealing for variety of “lab on chip” bio-applications where a simple and accurate speed measurement is needed, e.g., for flow-cytometry and cell sorting.
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19
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Abstract
We consider how to design a microfluidic system in which suspended particles spontaneously order into flowing crystals when driven by external pressure. Via theory and numerics, we find that particle-particle hydrodynamic interactions drive self-organization under suitable conditions of particle morphology and geometric confinement. Small clusters of asymmetric "tadpole" particles, strongly confined in one direction and weakly confined in another, spontaneously order in a direction perpendicular to the external flow, forming one dimensional lattices. Large suspensions of tadpoles exhibit strong density heterogeneities and form aggregates. By rationally tailoring particle shape, we tame this aggregation and achieve formation of large two-dimensional crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Uspal
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
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20
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Michailidou VN, Swan JW, Brady JF, Petekidis G. Anisotropic diffusion of concentrated hard-sphere colloids near a hard wall studied by evanescent wave dynamic light scattering. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:164905. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4825261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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21
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Straube AV, Dullens RPA, Schimansky-Geier L, Louis AA. Zigzag transitions and nonequilibrium pattern formation in colloidal chains. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:134908. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4823501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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22
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Reddig S, Stark H. Nonlinear dynamics of spherical particles in Poiseuille flow under creeping-flow condition. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:234902. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4809989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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23
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Blawzdziewicz J, Wajnryb E. The swapping-trajectory effect: lattice evolution and buckling transition in wall-bounded hydrodynamic crystals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/392/1/012008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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24
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Liu B, Goree J, Feng Y. Waves and instability in a one-dimensional microfluidic array. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2012; 86:046309. [PMID: 23214679 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.86.046309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Motion in a one-dimensional (1-D) microfluidic array is simulated. Water droplets, dragged by flowing oil, are arranged in a single row. Due to their hydrodynamic interactions, the spacing between these droplets oscillates with a wave-like motion that is longitudinal or transverse. The simulation yields wave spectra that agree well with experiment. The wave-like motion has an instability which is confirmed to arise from nonlinearities in the interaction potential. The instability's growth is spatially localized. By selecting an appropriate correlation function, the interaction between the longitudinal and transverse waves is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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25
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Desreumaux N, Florent N, Lauga E, Bartolo D. Active and driven hydrodynamic crystals. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2012; 35:68. [PMID: 22864543 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2012-12068-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by the experimental ability to produce monodisperse particles in microfluidic devices, we study theoretically the hydrodynamic stability of driven and active crystals. We first recall the theoretical tools allowing to quantify the dynamics of elongated particles in a confined fluid. In this regime hydrodynamic interactions between particles arise from a superposition of potential dipolar singularities. We exploit this feature to derive the equations of motion for the particle positions and orientations. After showing that all five planar Bravais lattices are stationary solutions of the equations of motion, we consider separately the case where the particles are passively driven by an external force, and the situation where they are self-propelling. We first demonstrate that phonon modes propagate in driven crystals, which are always marginally stable. The spatial structures of the eigenmodes depend solely on the symmetries of the lattices, and on the orientation of the driving force. For active crystals, the stability of the particle positions and orientations depends not only on the symmetry of the crystals but also on the perturbation wavelengths and on the crystal density. Unlike unconfined fluids, the stability of active crystals is independent of the nature of the propulsion mechanism at the single-particle level. The square and rectangular lattices are found to be linearly unstable at short wavelengths provided the volume fraction of the crystals is high enough. Differently, hexagonal, oblique, and face-centered crystals are always unstable. Our work provides a theoretical basis for future experimental work on flowing microfluidic crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Desreumaux
- Laboratoire de Physique et Mécanique des Milieux Hétérogénes, CNRS, ESPCI, Université Paris 6, Université Paris 7, Paris, France.
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26
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Zurita-Gotor M, Bławzdziewicz J, Wajnryb E. Layering instability in a confined suspension flow. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:068301. [PMID: 22401126 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.068301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We show [J. Fluid Mech. 592, 447 (2007)] that swapping (reversing) trajectories in confined suspension flows prevent collisions between particles approaching each other in adjacent streamlines. Here we demonstrate that by inducing layering this hydrodynamic mechanism changes the microstructure of suspensions in a confined Couette flow. Layers occur either in the near-wall regions or span the whole channel width, depending on the strength of the swapping-trajectory effect. While our theory focuses on dilute suspensions, we postulate that this new hydrodynamic mechanism controls the formation of a layered microstructure in a wide range of densities.
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27
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Uspal WE, Doyle PS. Scattering and nonlinear bound states of hydrodynamically coupled particles in a narrow channel. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2012; 85:016325. [PMID: 22400675 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.85.016325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We model a pair of hydrodynamically interacting particles confined in a channel with thin rectangular cross section. We find that the particles have a finite region of attraction, which arises from the screening of dipolar hydrodynamic interactions by the side walls. Outside this region, the two particles break apart and scatter; inside, they oscillate together as an effectively free quasiparticle. We demonstrate that modulation of channel geometry provides a means to irreversibly manipulate bound pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Uspal
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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28
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Seemann R, Brinkmann M, Pfohl T, Herminghaus S. Droplet based microfluidics. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2012; 75:016601. [PMID: 22790308 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/75/1/016601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 488] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Droplet based microfluidics is a rapidly growing interdisciplinary field of research combining soft matter physics, biochemistry and microsystems engineering. Its applications range from fast analytical systems or the synthesis of advanced materials to protein crystallization and biological assays for living cells. Precise control of droplet volumes and reliable manipulation of individual droplets such as coalescence, mixing of their contents, and sorting in combination with fast analysis tools allow us to perform chemical reactions inside the droplets under defined conditions. In this paper, we will review available drop generation and manipulation techniques. The main focus of this review is not to be comprehensive and explain all techniques in great detail but to identify and shed light on similarities and underlying physical principles. Since geometry and wetting properties of the microfluidic channels are crucial factors for droplet generation, we also briefly describe typical device fabrication methods in droplet based microfluidics. Examples of applications and reaction schemes which rely on the discussed manipulation techniques are also presented, such as the fabrication of special materials and biophysical experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Seemann
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
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29
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Sokolov Y, Frydel D, Grier DG, Diamant H, Roichman Y. Hydrodynamic pair attractions between driven colloidal particles. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:158302. [PMID: 22107323 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.158302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal spheres driven through water along a circular path by an optical ring trap display unexpected dynamical correlations. We use Stokesian dynamics simulations and a simple analytical model to demonstrate that the path's curvature breaks the symmetry of the two-body hydrodynamic interaction, resulting in particle pairing. The influence of this effective nonequilibrium attraction diminishes as either the temperature or the stiffness of the radial confinement increases. We find a well-defined set of dynamically paired states whose stability relies on hydrodynamic coupling in curving trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Sokolov
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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30
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Novikov S, Rice SA, Cui B, Diamant H, Lin B. Hydrodynamic interactions in ribbon channels: from quasi-one-dimensional to quasi-two-dimensional behavior. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2010; 82:031403. [PMID: 21230073 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.82.031403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Revised: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present a study of the dynamics of confined suspensions whose dimensionality is intermediate between quasi-one-dimensional and quasi-two-dimensional (q2D) using microfluidic channels of various widths. The crossover between the two limiting behaviors is found to occur to different extent for different dynamic correlations between a pair of particles. In particular, the transverse coupling diffusion coefficient of particle pairs significantly deviates from its q2D form even in surprisingly wide channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Novikov
- Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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31
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Champagne N, Vasseur R, Montourcy A, Bartolo D. Traffic jams and intermittent flows in microfluidic networks. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:044502. [PMID: 20867847 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.044502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2010] [Revised: 06/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We investigate both experimentally and theoretically the traffic of particles flowing in microfluidic obstacle networks. We show that the traffic dynamics is a nonlinear process: the particle current does not scale with the particle density even in the dilute limit where no particle collision occurs. We demonstrate that this nonlinear behavior stems from long-range hydrodynamic interactions. Importantly, we also establish that there exists a maximal current above which no stationary particle flow can be sustained. For higher current values, intermittent traffic jams form, thereby inducing the ejection of the particles from the initial path and the subsequent invasion of the network. Eventually, we put our findings in the broader context of the transport processes of driven particles in low dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Champagne
- PMMH, CNRS, ESPCI ParisTech, Université Paris 6, Université Paris 7, 10, rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France
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32
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Frydel D, Diamant H. Long-range dynamic correlations in confined suspensions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 104:248302. [PMID: 20867341 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.248302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic interactions between particles confined in a liquid-filled linear channel are known to be screened beyond a distance comparable to the channel width. Using a simple analytical theory and lattice Boltzmann simulations, we show that the hydrodynamic screening is qualitatively modified when the time-dependent response and finite compressibility of the host liquid are taken into account. Diffusive compression modes in the confined liquid cause the particles to have velocity correlations of unbounded range, whose amplitude decays with time only as t(-3/2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Frydel
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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33
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Xu X, Lin B, Cui B, Dinner AR, Rice SA. Spreading of colloid clusters in a quasi-one-dimensional channel. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:084902. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3330414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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34
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Beatus T, Tlusty T, Bar-Ziv R. Burgers shock waves and sound in a 2D microfluidic droplets ensemble. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:114502. [PMID: 19792377 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.114502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the collective motion of a two-dimensional disordered ensemble of droplets in a microfluidic channel far from equilibrium and at Reynolds number approximately 10(-4). The ensemble carries ultraslow shock waves and sound, propagating at approximately 100 microm s(-1) and superposed on diffusive droplets motion. These modes are induced by long-range hydrodynamic dipolar interactions between droplets, the result of the symmetry breaking flow. The modes obey the Burgers equation due to a local coupling between droplets velocity and number density. This stems from a singular effect of the channel sidewall boundaries upon summation of the hydrodynamic interaction in two dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsevi Beatus
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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35
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Michailidou VN, Petekidis G, Swan JW, Brady JF. Dynamics of concentrated hard-sphere colloids near a wall. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:068302. [PMID: 19257641 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.068302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the Brownian motion of hard-sphere colloids near a solid wall by Evanescent Wave Dynamic Light Scattering (EWDLS). We carried out measurements for various volume fractions of sterically stabilized poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) particles over a range of scattering wave vectors, q. While in the dilute regime, the near wall short-time diffusion is significantly slowed down due to particle-wall hydrodynamic interactions (HI); as volume fraction increases, the wall effect is progressively diminished at all q's. We present a new analysis for the EWDLS short-time self- and collective diffusivities applicable to all volume fractions and a simple model for the self-diffusion describing the interplay between particle-wall and particle-particle HI. Moreover, a weaker decay of the near-wall self-diffusion coefficient with volume fraction is predicted by Stokesian dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- V N Michailidou
- FORTH/IESL and Department of Material Science & Technology, University of Crete, 71110, Heraklion, Greece
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36
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Baron M, Bławzdziewicz J, Wajnryb E. Hydrodynamic crystals: collective dynamics of regular arrays of spherical particles in a parallel-wall channel. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:174502. [PMID: 18518295 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.174502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Simulations of over 10;{3} hydrodynamically coupled solid spheres are performed to investigate collective motion of linear trains and regular square arrays of particles suspended in a fluid bounded by two parallel walls. Our novel accelerated Stokesian-dynamics algorithm relies on simplifications associated with the Hele-Shaw asymptotic far-field form of the flow scattered by the particles. The simulations reveal propagation of particle-displacement waves, deformation, and rearrangements of a particle lattice, propagation of dislocation defects in ordered arrays, and long-lasting coexistence of ordered and disordered regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Baron
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yale University, P.O. Box 20-8286, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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