1
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Lohia R, Allegrini B, Berry L, Guizouarn H, Cerdan R, Abkarian M, Douguet D, Honoré E, Wengelnik K. Pharmacological activation of PIEZO1 in human red blood cells prevents Plasmodium falciparum invasion. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:124. [PMID: 37071200 PMCID: PMC10113305 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04773-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
An inherited gain-of-function variant (E756del) in the mechanosensitive cationic channel PIEZO1 was shown to confer a significant protection against severe malaria. Here, we demonstrate in vitro that human red blood cell (RBC) infection by Plasmodium falciparum is prevented by the pharmacological activation of PIEZO1. Yoda1 causes an increase in intracellular calcium associated with rapid echinocytosis that inhibits RBC invasion, without affecting parasite intraerythrocytic growth, division or egress. Notably, Yoda1 treatment significantly decreases merozoite attachment and subsequent RBC deformation. Intracellular Na+/K+ imbalance is unrelated to the mechanism of protection, although delayed RBC dehydration observed in the standard parasite culture medium RPMI/albumax further enhances the resistance to malaria conferred by Yoda1. The chemically unrelated Jedi2 PIEZO1 activator similarly causes echinocytosis and RBC dehydration associated with resistance to malaria invasion. Spiky outward membrane projections are anticipated to reduce the effective surface area required for both merozoite attachment and internalization upon pharmacological activation of PIEZO1. Globally, our findings indicate that the loss of the typical biconcave discoid shape of RBCs, together with an altered optimal surface to volume ratio, induced by PIEZO1 pharmacological activation prevent efficient P. falciparum invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhee Lohia
- LPHI, University of Montpellier, CNRS UMR5294, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Laurence Berry
- LPHI, University of Montpellier, CNRS UMR5294, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Rachel Cerdan
- LPHI, University of Montpellier, CNRS UMR5294, Montpellier, France
| | - Manouk Abkarian
- Centre de Biologie Structurale, CNRS UMR5048, INSERM U1054, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Dominique Douguet
- IPMC, University Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, UMR7275, Labex ICST, Valbonne, France
| | - Eric Honoré
- IPMC, University Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, UMR7275, Labex ICST, Valbonne, France.
| | - Kai Wengelnik
- LPHI, University of Montpellier, CNRS UMR5294, INSERM, Montpellier, France.
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2
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Nord AL, Biquet-Bisquert A, Abkarian M, Pigaglio T, Seduk F, Magalon A, Pedaci F. Dynamic stiffening of the flagellar hook. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2925. [PMID: 35614041 PMCID: PMC9133114 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30295-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
For many bacteria, motility stems from one or more flagella, each rotated by the bacterial flagellar motor, a powerful rotary molecular machine. The hook, a soft polymer at the base of each flagellum, acts as a universal joint, coupling rotation between the rigid membrane-spanning rotor and rigid flagellum. In multi-flagellated species, where thrust arises from a hydrodynamically coordinated flagellar bundle, hook flexibility is crucial, as flagella rotate significantly off-axis. However, consequently, the thrust applies a significant bending moment. Therefore, the hook must simultaneously be compliant to enable bundle formation yet rigid to withstand large hydrodynamical forces. Here, via high-resolution measurements and analysis of hook fluctuations under dynamical conditions, we elucidate how it fulfills this double functionality: the hook shows a dynamic increase in bending stiffness under increasing torsional stress. Such strain-stiffening allows the system to be flexible when needed yet reduce deformation under high loads, enabling high speed motility. Bacterial motility relies on the mechanics of the “hook” the 60 nm biopolymer at the base of rotating flagella. Here, authors observe the hook stiffening as it is twisted by the rotation of the flagellum, a mechanical feat evolved for its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Nord
- Centre de Biologie Structurale, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Anaïs Biquet-Bisquert
- Centre de Biologie Structurale, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Manouk Abkarian
- Centre de Biologie Structurale, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Théo Pigaglio
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne (UMR7283), IMM, IM2B, 13402, Marseille, France
| | - Farida Seduk
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne (UMR7283), IMM, IM2B, 13402, Marseille, France
| | - Axel Magalon
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne (UMR7283), IMM, IM2B, 13402, Marseille, France
| | - Francesco Pedaci
- Centre de Biologie Structurale, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.
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3
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Desgarceaux R, Santybayeva Z, Battistella E, Nord AL, Braun-Breton C, Abkarian M, Maragò OM, Charlot B, Pedaci F. High-Resolution Photonic Force Microscopy Based on Sharp Nanofabricated Tips. Nano Lett 2020; 20:4249-4255. [PMID: 32369369 PMCID: PMC7292031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c00729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although near-field imaging techniques reach sub-nanometer resolution on rigid samples, it remains extremely challenging to image soft interfaces, such as biological membranes, due to the deformations induced by the probe. In photonic force microscopy, optical tweezers are used to manipulate and measure the scanning probe, allowing imaging of soft materials without force-induced artifacts. However, the size of the optically trapped probe still limits the maximum resolution. Here, we show a novel and simple nanofabrication protocol to massively produce optically trappable quartz particles which mimic the sharp tips of atomic force microscopy. Imaging rigid nanostructures with our tips, we resolve features smaller than 80 nm. Scanning the membrane of living malaria-infected red blood cells reveals, with no visible artifacts, submicron features termed knobs, related to the parasite activity. The use of nanoengineered particles in photonic force microscopy opens the way to imaging soft samples at high resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudy Desgarceaux
- CBS
Un.Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier 34090, France
- IES, CNRS University of Montpellier, Montpellier 34095, France
| | | | | | - Ashley L. Nord
- CBS
Un.Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier 34090, France
| | | | | | - Onofrio M. Maragò
- CNR-IPCF,
Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Messina 98158, Italy
| | - Benoit Charlot
- IES, CNRS University of Montpellier, Montpellier 34095, France
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4
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Fenech M, Girod V, Claveria V, Meance S, Abkarian M, Charlot B. Microfluidic blood vasculature replicas using backside lithography. Lab Chip 2019; 19:2096-2106. [PMID: 31086935 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00254e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Blood vessels in living tissues are an organized and hierarchical network of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, veinules and veins. Their sizes, lengths, shapes and connectivity are set up for an optimum perfusion of the tissues in which they deploy. In order to study the hemodynamics and hemophysics of blood flows and also to investigate artificial vasculature for organs on a chip, it is essential to reproduce most of these geometric features. Common microfluidic techniques produce channels with a uniform height and a rectangular cross section that do not capture the size hierarchy observed in vivo. This paper presents a new single-mask photolithography process using an optical diffuser to produce a backside exposure leading to microchannels with both a rounded cross section and a direct proportionality between local height and local width, allowing a one-step design of intrinsically hierarchical networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Fenech
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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5
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Mauer J, Mendez S, Lanotte L, Nicoud F, Abkarian M, Gompper G, Fedosov DA. Flow-Induced Transitions of Red Blood Cell Shapes under Shear. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:118103. [PMID: 30265089 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.118103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A recent study of red blood cells (RBCs) in shear flow [Lanotte et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 113, 13289 (2016)PNASA60027-842410.1073/pnas.1608074113] has demonstrated that RBCs first tumble, then roll, transit to a rolling and tumbling stomatocyte, and finally attain polylobed shapes with increasing shear rate, when the viscosity contrast between cytosol and blood plasma is large enough. Using two different simulation techniques, we construct a state diagram of RBC shapes and dynamics in shear flow as a function of shear rate and viscosity contrast, which is also supported by microfluidic experiments. Furthermore, we illustrate the importance of RBC shear elasticity for its dynamics in flow and show that two different kinds of membrane buckling trigger the transition between subsequent RBC states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Mauer
- Theoretical Soft Matter and Biophysics, Institute of Complex Systems and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Simon Mendez
- IMAG, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Luca Lanotte
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS UMR 5048-INSERM UMR 1054, University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Franck Nicoud
- IMAG, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Manouk Abkarian
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS UMR 5048-INSERM UMR 1054, University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Gerhard Gompper
- Theoretical Soft Matter and Biophysics, Institute of Complex Systems and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Dmitry A Fedosov
- Theoretical Soft Matter and Biophysics, Institute of Complex Systems and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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6
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Connes P, Renoux C, Romana M, Abkarian M, Joly P, Martin C, Hardy-Dessources MD, Ballas SK. Blood rheological abnormalities in sickle cell anemia. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2018; 68:165-172. [PMID: 29614630 DOI: 10.3233/ch-189005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the contribution of abnormal blood rheology in the pathophysiology of sickle cell anemia (SCA). SCA is characterized by a reduction of red blood cell (RBC) deformability but this reduction is very heterogeneous among patients. Recent works have shown that patients with the lowest RBC deformability (measured by ektacytometry) have enhanced hemolysis and would be more prone to develop several complications such as priapism, leg ulcers and glomerulopathy. In contrast, patients with the highest deformability, and not under hydroxyurea therapy, seem to develop more frequently vaso-occlusive like events. Although less studied, RBC aggregation properties are very different between SCA and healthy individuals and it was demonstrated that increased RBC aggregates strength could be involved in some complications. Finally, several studies have established that the vascular system of SCA patients could not fully compensate any increase in blood viscosity because of the loss of vascular reactivity, which may result in vaso-occlusive crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Connes
- Laboratoire LIBM EA7424, Team"Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell", Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex « The red cell: from genesis to death », PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Céline Renoux
- Laboratoire LIBM EA7424, Team"Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell", Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex « The red cell: from genesis to death », PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France.,Laboratoire de biochimie des pathologies érythrocytaires, Centre de Biologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Marc Romana
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex « The red cell: from genesis to death », PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France.,Inserm UMR 1134, Hôpital Ricou, CHU de Pointe-à-Pitre, 97157 Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe
| | - Manouk Abkarian
- CNRS UMR 5048, Université de Montpellier, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Joly
- Laboratoire LIBM EA7424, Team"Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell", Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex « The red cell: from genesis to death », PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France.,Laboratoire de biochimie des pathologies érythrocytaires, Centre de Biologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Cyril Martin
- Laboratoire LIBM EA7424, Team"Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell", Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex « The red cell: from genesis to death », PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Dominique Hardy-Dessources
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex « The red cell: from genesis to death », PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France.,Inserm UMR 1134, Hôpital Ricou, CHU de Pointe-à-Pitre, 97157 Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe
| | - Samir K Ballas
- Department of Medicine, Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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7
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Andreadaki M, Hanssen E, Deligianni E, Claudet C, Wengelnik K, Mollard V, McFadden GI, Abkarian M, Braun-Breton C, Siden-Kiamos I. Sequential Membrane Rupture and Vesiculation during Plasmodium berghei Gametocyte Egress from the Red Blood Cell. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3543. [PMID: 29476099 PMCID: PMC5824807 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21801-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria parasites alternate between intracellular and extracellular stages and successful egress from the host cell is crucial for continuation of the life cycle. We investigated egress of Plasmodium berghei gametocytes, an essential process taking place within a few minutes after uptake of a blood meal by the mosquito. Egress entails the rupture of two membranes surrounding the parasite: the parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM), and the red blood cell membrane (RBCM). High-speed video microscopy of 56 events revealed that egress in both genders comprises four well-defined phases, although each event is slightly different. The first phase is swelling of the host cell, followed by rupture and immediate vesiculation of the PVM. These vesicles are extruded through a single stabilized pore of the RBCM, and the latter is subsequently vesiculated releasing the free gametes. The time from PVM vesiculation to completion of egress varies between events. These observations were supported by immunofluorescence microscopy using antibodies against proteins of the RBCM and PVM. The combined results reveal dynamic re-organization of the membranes and the cortical cytoskeleton of the erythrocyte during egress.
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8
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Lanotte L, Laux D, Charlot B, Abkarian M. Role of red cells and plasma composition on blood sessile droplet evaporation. Phys Rev E 2017; 96:053114. [PMID: 29347652 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.96.053114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The morphology of dried blood droplets derives from the deposition of red cells, the main components of their solute phase. Up to now, evaporation-induced convective flows were supposed to be at the base of red cell distribution in blood samples. Here, we present a direct visualization by videomicroscopy of the internal dynamics in desiccating blood droplets, focusing on the role of cell concentration and plasma composition. We show that in diluted suspensions, the convection is promoted by the rich molecular composition of plasma, whereas it is replaced by an outward red blood cell displacement front at higher hematocrits. We also evaluate by ultrasounds the effect of red cell deposition on the temporal evolution of sample rigidity and adhesiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Lanotte
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale CBS, CNRS UMR 5048-INSERM UMR 1054, University of Montpellier, 34090, France
| | - Didier Laux
- Institut d'Electronique et des Systèmes IES, CNRS UMR 5214, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, 34000, France
| | - Benoît Charlot
- Institut d'Electronique et des Systèmes IES, CNRS UMR 5214, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, 34000, France
| | - Manouk Abkarian
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale CBS, CNRS UMR 5048-INSERM UMR 1054, University of Montpellier, 34090, France
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9
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Abstract
We report experiments that yield new insights on the behavior of granular rafts at an oil-water interface. We show that these particle aggregates can float or sink depending on dimensionless parameters taking into account the particle densities and size and the densities of the two fluids. We characterize the raft shape and stability and propose a model to predict its shape and maximum length to remain afloat. Finally we find that wrinkles and folds appear along the raft due to compression by its own weight, which can trigger destabilization. These features are characteristics of an elastic instability, which we discuss, including the limitations of our model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzie Protière
- CNRS UMR 7190, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Institut Jean Le Rond d'Alembert, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Josserand
- CNRS UMR 7190, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Institut Jean Le Rond d'Alembert, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Jeffrey M Aristoff
- Numerica Corporation, 5042 Technology Parkway, Suite 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80528, USA
| | - Howard A Stone
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Manouk Abkarian
- CNRS UMR 5048, University Montpellier, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, 34090 Montpellier, France
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10
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Clavería V, Aouane O, Thiébaud M, Abkarian M, Coupier G, Misbah C, John T, Wagner C. Clusters of red blood cells in microcapillary flow: hydrodynamic versus macromolecule induced interaction. Soft Matter 2016; 12:8235-8245. [PMID: 27714335 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm01165a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present experiments on RBCs that flow through micro-capillaries under physiological conditions. The strong flow-shape coupling of these deformable objects leads to a rich variety of cluster formation. We show that the RBC clusters form as a subtle imbrication between hydrodynamic interactions and adhesion forces because of plasma proteins, mimicked by the polymer dextran. Clusters form along the capillaries and macromolecule-induced adhesion contributes to their stability. However, at high yet physiological flow velocities, shear stresses overcome part of the adhesion forces, and cluster stabilization due to hydrodynamics becomes stronger. For the case of pure hydrodynamic interaction, cell-to-cell distances have a pronounced bimodal distribution. Our 2D-numerical simulations on vesicles capture the transition between adhesive and non-adhesive clusters at different flow velocities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Clavería
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany. and Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS UMR5048, INSERM U1054, Université de Montpellier, 29 rue de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Othmane Aouane
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany. and Université Grenoble Alpes, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France and CNRS, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France and LMPHE, URAC 12, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V-Agdal, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Marine Thiébaud
- Université Grenoble Alpes, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France and CNRS, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Manouk Abkarian
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS UMR5048, INSERM U1054, Université de Montpellier, 29 rue de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Gwennou Coupier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France and CNRS, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Chaouqi Misbah
- Université Grenoble Alpes, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France and CNRS, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas John
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Christian Wagner
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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11
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Shin H, Dixit AC, Stone HA, Abkarian M, Kim P. The dynamics of interacting folds under biaxial compressive stresses. Soft Matter 2016; 12:3502-3506. [PMID: 27021924 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm00417b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The gradual in-plane compression of a solid film bonded to a soft substrate can lead to surface wrinkling and even to the formation of a network of folds for sufficiently high strain. An understanding of how these folds initiate, propagate, and interact with each other is still lacking. In a previous study, we developed an experimental system to observe the wrinkle-to-fold transition of layered elastic materials under biaxial compressive stresses. Here we focus on the dynamic interaction of a pair of propagating folds under biaxial compression. We find experimentally that their behavior is mediated through their tips and depends on the separation of the tips and their angle of interception. When the angle is lower than 45°, the two folds either form a unique fold by the coalescence of their tips when close enough, or bend their trajectories to intersect each other and form a lenticular region in analogy with cracks. When the angle is higher then 45°, the folds simply intersect and form a T-like junction. We rationalize this behavior by conducting numerical simulations to visualize the stress field around the two tips and find that the initial geometric position of the tips primarily determines the final state of the folds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjae Shin
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Atray C Dixit
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Howard A Stone
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Manouk Abkarian
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale UMR 5221, CNRS UMR 5048 - UM 1 - INSERM UMR 1054, 29 rue de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier Cedex, France.
| | - Pilnam Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Braun-Breton C, Abkarian M. Red Blood Cell Spectrin Skeleton in the Spotlight. Trends Parasitol 2016; 32:90-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Robert de Saint Vincent M, Abkarian M, Tabuteau H. Dynamics of colloid accumulation under flow over porous obstacles. Soft Matter 2016; 12:1041-1050. [PMID: 26573173 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01952d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of colloidal particles to build dense structures from dilute suspensions may follow distinct routes. The mechanical, structural and geometrical properties of these structures depend on local hydrodynamics and colloidal interactions. Using model suspensions flowing into microfabricated porous obstacles, we investigate this interplay by tuning both the flow pattern and the ionic strength. We observe the formation of a large diversity of shapes, and demonstrate that growing structures in turn influence the local velocity pattern, favouring particle deposition either locally or over a wide front. We also show that these structures are labile, stabilised by the flow pushing on them, in low ionic strength conditions, or cohesive, in a gel-like state, at higher ionic strength. The interplay between aggregate cohesion and erosion thus selects preferential growth modes and therefore dictates the final shape of the structure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manouk Abkarian
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, UMR 5048 CNRS/UM1, INSERM UMR 1054, 29 rue de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Hervé Tabuteau
- IPR, UMR CNRS 6251, Campus Beaulieu, Université Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes, France.
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14
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Dupire J, Abkarian M, Viallat A. A simple model to understand the effect of membrane shear elasticity and stress-free shape on the motion of red blood cells in shear flow. Soft Matter 2015; 11:8372-8382. [PMID: 26352875 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01407g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An analytical model was proposed by Keller and Skalak in 1982 to understand the motion of red blood cells in shear flow. The cell was described as a fluid ellipsoid of fixed shape. This model was extended in 2007 to introduce shear elasticity of the red blood cell membrane. Here, this model is further extended to take into account that the cell discoid shape physiologically observed is not a stress-free shape. The model shows that spheroid stress-free shapes allow us to fit the experimental data with the values of shear elasticity typical to that found with micropipette and optical tweezer experiments. In the range of moderate shear rates (for which RBCs keep their discoid shape) this model enables us to quantitatively determine (i) an effective cell viscosity, which combines membrane and hemoglobin viscosities and (ii) an effective shear modulus of the membrane that combines the shear modulus and the stress-free shape. This model can also be used to determine RBC mechanical parameters not only in the tanktreading regime when cells are suspended in medium of high viscosity but also in the tumbling regime characteristic of cells suspended in media of low viscosity. In this regime, a transition is predicted between a rigid-like tumbling motion and a fluid-like tumbling motion above a critical shear rate, which is directly related to the mechanical parameters of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules Dupire
- Université Aix-Marseille, CNRS, LAI UMR 7333, Inserm UMT 1067, Marseille, 13288, France
| | - Manouk Abkarian
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, UMR 5048 CNRS/UM1, INSERM UMR 1054, 29 rue de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Annie Viallat
- Université Aix-Marseille, CNRS, CINaM UMR 7325, 13288, Marseille, France.
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Loiseau E, Massiera G, Mendez S, Martinez PA, Abkarian M. Microfluidic study of enhanced deposition of sickle cells at acute corners. Biophys J 2015; 108:2623-32. [PMID: 26039164 PMCID: PMC4457474 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell anemia is a blood disorder, known to affect the microcirculation and is characterized by painful vaso-occlusive crises in deep tissues. During the last three decades, many scenarios based on the enhanced adhesive properties of the membrane of sickle red blood cells have been proposed, all related to a final decrease in vessels lumen by cells accumulation on the vascular walls. Up to now, none of these scenarios considered the possible role played by the geometry of the flow on deposition. The question of the exact locations of occlusive events at the microcirculatory scale remains open. Here, using microfluidic devices where both geometry and oxygen levels can be controlled, we show that the flow of a suspension of sickle red blood cells around an acute corner of a triangular pillar or of a bifurcation, leads to the enhanced deposition and aggregation of cells. Thanks to our devices, we follow the growth of these aggregates in time and show that their length does not depend on oxygenation levels; instead, we find that their morphology changes dramatically to filamentous structures when using autologous plasma as a suspending fluid. We finally discuss the possible role played by such aggregates in vaso-occlusive events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Loiseau
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 5221, Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Gladys Massiera
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 5221, Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Simon Mendez
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 5149, Institut de Mathématiques et de Modélisation de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Patricia Aguilar Martinez
- Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint Eloi, The Cardiovascular Health Research Unit de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Manouk Abkarian
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 5221, Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 5048-UM-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1054, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Montpellier, France.
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Arriagada OA, Massiera G, Abkarian M. Curling and rolling dynamics of naturally curved ribbons. Soft Matter 2014; 10:3055-3065. [PMID: 24695463 DOI: 10.1039/c3sm52142g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
When a straight rod is bent and suddenly released on one end, a burst of dispersive flexural waves propagates down the material as predicted by linear beam theories. However, we show that for ribbons with a longitudinal natural radius of curvature a0, geometrical constraints lead to strain localization which controls the dynamics. This localized region of deformation selects a specific curling deformation front which travels down the ribbon when initially flattened and released. Performing experiments on different ribbons, in air and in water, we show that initially, on length scales on the order of a0, the curling front moves as a power law of time with an exponent ranging from 0.5 to 2 for increasing values of the ribbons' width. At longer time scales, the material wraps itself at a constant speed Vr into a roll of radius R ≠ a0. The relationship between Vr and R is calculated by a balance between kinetic, elastic and gravitational energy and both internal and external powers dissipated. When gravity and drag are negligible, we observe that a0/R reaches a limiting value of 0.48 that we predict by solving the Elastica on the curled ribbon considering the centrifugal forces due to rotation. The solution we propose represents a solitary traveling curvature wave which is reminiscent to propagating instabilities in mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavio Albarrán Arriagada
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université Montpellier 2 - CNRS, UMR 5221, 34095 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France.
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Viallat A, Abkarian M. Red blood cell: from its mechanics to its motion in shear flow. Int J Lab Hematol 2014; 36:237-43. [DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Viallat
- Laboratoire Adhésion and Inflammation; Inserm U1067; CNRS UMR 7333; Aix-Marseille Université; Marseille France
| | - M. Abkarian
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb; Université Montpellier 2 - CNRS; UMR 5221; Montpellier France
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Blanc C, Fedorenko D, Gross M, In M, Abkarian M, Gharbi MA, Fournier JB, Galatola P, Nobili M. Capillary force on a micrometric sphere trapped at a fluid interface exhibiting arbitrary curvature gradients. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:058302. [PMID: 23952452 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.058302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We report theoretical predictions and measurements of the capillary force acting on a spherical colloid smaller than the capillary length that is placed on a curved fluid interface of arbitrary shape. By coupling direct imaging and interferometry, we are able to measure the in situ colloid contact angle and to correlate its position with respect to the interface curvature. Extremely tiny capillary forces down to femtonewtons can be measured with this method. Measurements agree well with a theory relating the capillary force to the gradient of Gaussian curvature and to the mean curvature of the interface prior to colloidal deposition. Numerical calculations corroborate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Blanc
- Université Montpellier 2, Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, UMR 5521, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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Callan-Jones A, Albarran Arriagada OE, Massiera G, Lorman V, Abkarian M. Red blood cell membrane dynamics during malaria parasite egress. Biophys J 2012; 103:2475-83. [PMID: 23260049 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Precisely how malaria parasites exit from infected red blood cells to further spread the disease remains poorly understood. It has been shown recently, however, that these parasites exploit the elasticity of the cell membrane to enable their egress. Based on this work, showing that parasites modify the membrane's spontaneous curvature, initiating pore opening and outward membrane curling, we develop a model of the dynamics of the red blood cell membrane leading to complete parasite egress. As a result of the three-dimensional, axisymmetric nature of the problem, we find that the membrane dynamics involve two modes of elastic-energy release: 1), at short times after pore opening, the free edge of the membrane curls into a toroidal rim attached to a membrane cap of roughly fixed radius; and 2), at longer times, the rim radius is fixed, and lipids in the cap flow into the rim. We compare our model with the experimental data of Abkarian and co-workers and obtain an estimate of the induced spontaneous curvature and the membrane viscosity, which control the timescale of parasite release. Finally, eversion of the membrane cap, which liberates the remaining parasites, is driven by the spontaneous curvature and is found to be associated with a breaking of the axisymmetry of the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Callan-Jones
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb UMR 5221, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Coulomb UMR 5221, Université Montpellier 2, F-34095 Montpellier, France.
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Blosser MC, Horst BG, Abkarian M, Massiera G, Keller SL. Evaluating a Method for Producing Asymmetric Giant Unilamellar Vesicles. Biophys J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.11.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Kim P, Abkarian M, Stone HA. Hierarchical folding of elastic membranes under biaxial compressive stress. Nat Mater 2011; 10:952-7. [PMID: 22019942 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical instabilities that cause periodic wrinkling during compression of layered materials find applications in stretchable electronics and microfabrication, but can also limit an application's performance owing to delamination or cracking under loading and surface inhomogeneities during swelling. In particular, because of curvature localization, finite deformations can cause wrinkles to evolve into folds. The wrinkle-to-fold transition has been documented in several systems, mostly under uniaxial stress. However, the nucleation, the spatial structure and the dynamics of the invasion of folds in two-dimensional stress configurations remain elusive. Here, using a two-layer polymeric system under biaxial compressive stress, we show that a repetitive wrinkle-to-fold transition generates a hierarchical network of folds during reorganization of the stress field. The folds delineate individual domains, and each domain subdivides into smaller ones over multiple generations. By modifying the boundary conditions and geometry, we demonstrate control over the final network morphology. The ideas introduced here should find application in the many situations where stress impacts two-dimensional pattern formation.
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Abstract
We show that the motion of individual red blood cells in an oscillating moderate shear flow is described by a nonlinear system of three coupled oscillators. Our experiments reveal that the cell tank treads and tumbles either in a stable way with synchronized cell inclination, membrane rotation and hydrodynamic oscillations, or in an irregular way, very sensitively to initial conditions. By adapting our model described previously, we determine the theoretical diagram for the red cell motion in a sinusoidal flow close to physiological shear stresses and flow variation frequencies and reveal large domains of chaotic motions. Finally, fitting our observations allows a characterization of cell viscosity and membrane elasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules Dupire
- laboratoire Adhésion & Inflammation, Inserm U600, case 937, 163 Avenue de Luminy 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
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Tabuteau H, Mora S, Porte G, Abkarian M, Ligoure C. Microscopic mechanisms of the brittleness of viscoelastic fluids. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 102:155501. [PMID: 19518646 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.155501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We show that a large class of viscoelastic fluids, i.e., transient networks, are brittle according to the Griffith's theory of solid fracture. However, contrary to solids, cracks are intrinsic to the material arising from the equilibrium nature of the fluid microstructure. The brittleness of these fluids comes from thermal fluctuations of bonds distribution. In this approach, the rupture stress is predicted to be on the order of the Young modulus, in very good agreement with experimental values.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tabuteau
- Laboratoire des Colloïdes, Verres et Nanomatériaux, UMR 5587, Université Montpellier 2 and CNRS, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex, France
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Abstract
Microfluidic tools are providing many new insights into the chemical, physical and physicochemical responses of cells. Both suspension-level and single-cell measurements have been studied. We review our studies of these kinds of problems for red blood cells with particular focus on the shapes of individual cells in confined geometries, the development and use of a 'differential manometer' for evaluating the mechanical response of individual cells or other objects flowing in confined geometries, and the cross-streamline drift of cells that pass through a constriction. In particular, we show how fluid mechanical effects on suspended cells can be studied systematically in small devices, and how these features can be exploited to develop methods for characterizing physicochemical responses and possibly for the diagnosis of cellular-scale changes to environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manouk Abkarian
- Laboratoire des Colloides, Verres et Nanomateriaux, Universite de Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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Abstract
We describe the similarities and the specificities of the behaviour of individual soft particles, namely, drops, lipid vesicles and red blood cells subjected to a shear flow. We highlight that their motion depends in a non-trivial way on the particle mechanical properties. We detail the effect of the presence of a wall with or without wall-particle attractive interaction from a biological perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manouk Abkarian
- Laboratoire des Colloïdes, Verres et Nanomatériaux, CNRS UMR 5587, Université Montpellier II, Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier, 34095, France.
| | - Annie Viallat
- Adhésion et Inflammation, Inserm U600, CNRS UMR 62 12 Université Méditerranée, case 937, 163 av de Luminy, Marseille Cedex, 13288, France.
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Abkarian M, Subramaniam AB, Kim SH, Larsen RJ, Yang SM, Stone HA. Dissolution arrest and stability of particle-covered bubbles. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:188301. [PMID: 17995442 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.188301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2006] [Revised: 07/04/2007] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Experiments show that bubbles covered with monodisperse polystyrene particles, with particle to bubble radius ratios of about 0.1, evolve to form faceted polyhedral shapes that are stable to dissolution in air-saturated water. We perform Surface Evolver simulations and find that the faceted particle-covered bubble represents a local minimum of energy. At the faceted state, the Laplace overpressure vanishes, which together with the positive slope of the bubble pressure-volume curve, ensures phase stability. The repulsive interactions between the particles cause a reduction of the curvature of the gas-liquid interface, which is the mechanism that arrests dissolution and stabilizes the bubbles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manouk Abkarian
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Pierce Hall, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
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Abstract
We reveal that under moderate shear stress (etagamma[over ] approximately 0.1 Pa) red blood cells present an oscillation of their inclination (swinging) superimposed to the long-observed steady tank treading (TT) motion. A model based on a fluid ellipsoid surrounded by a viscoelastic membrane initially unstrained (shape memory) predicts all observed features of the motion: an increase of both swinging amplitude and period (1/2 the TT period) upon decreasing etagamma[over ], a etagamma[over ]-triggered transition toward a narrow etagamma[over ] range intermittent regime of successive swinging and tumbling, and a pure tumbling at low etagamma[over ] values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manouk Abkarian
- Laboratoire des Colloïdes, Verres et Nanomatériaux, UMR 5587, CNRS/UM2, CC26, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
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Abstract
Recent experiments and simulations have demonstrated that particle-covered fluid/fluid interfaces can exist in stable nonspherical shapes as a result of the steric jamming of the interfacially trapped particles. The jamming confers the interface with solidlike properties. We provide an experimental and theoretical characterization of the mechanical properties of these armored objects, with attention given to the two-dimensional granular state of the interface. Small inhomogeneous stresses produce a plastic response, while homogeneous stresses produce a weak elastic response. Shear-driven particle-scale rearrangements explain the basic threshold needed to obtain the near-perfect plastic deformation that is observed. Furthermore, the inhomogeneous stress state of the interface is exhibited experimentally by using surfactants to destabilize the particles on the surface. Since the interfacially trapped particles retain their individual characteristics, armored interfaces can be recognized as a kind of composite material with distinct chemical, structural, and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Bala Subramaniam
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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Subramaniam AB, Mejean C, Abkarian M, Stone HA. Microstructure, morphology, and lifetime of armored bubbles exposed to surfactants. Langmuir 2006; 22:5986-90. [PMID: 16800648 DOI: 10.1021/la060388x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We report the behavior of particle-stabilized bubbles (armored bubbles) when exposed to various classes and concentrations of surfactants. The bubbles are nonspherical, which is a signature of the jamming of the particles on the interface, and are stable to dissolution prior to the addition of surfactant. Armored bubbles exposed to surfactants, dissolve, and exhibit distinct morphological, microstructural, and lifetime changes, which correlate with the concentration of surfactant employed. For low concentrations of surfactant, an armored bubble remains nonspherical while dissolving, whereas for concentrations close to and above the surfactant cmc a bubble reverts to a spherical shape before dissolving. We propose a microstructural interpretation, supported by our experimental observations of particle dynamics on the bubble interface, that recognizes the role of interfacial jamming and stresses in particle-stabilization and surfactant-mediated destabilization of armored bubbles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Bala Subramaniam
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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Mader MA, Vitkova V, Abkarian M, Viallat A, Podgorski T. Dynamics of viscous vesicles in shear flow. Eur Phys J E Soft Matter 2006; 19:389-97. [PMID: 16607476 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2005-10058-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2005] [Accepted: 01/18/2006] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of giant lipid vesicles under shear flow is experimentally investigated. Consistent with previous theoretical and numerical studies, two flow regimes are identified depending on the viscosity ratio between the interior and the exterior of the vesicle, and its reduced volume or excess surface. At low viscosity ratios, a tank-treading motion of the membrane takes place, the vesicle assuming a constant orientation with respect to the flow direction. At higher viscosity ratios, a tumbling motion is observed in which the whole vesicle rotates with a periodically modulated velocity. When the shear rate increases, this tumbling motion becomes increasingly sensitive to vesicle deformation due to the elongational component of the flow and significant deviations from simpler models are observed. A good characterization of these various flow regimes is essential for the validation of analytical and numerical models, and to relate microscopic dynamics to macroscopic rheology of suspensions of deformable particles, such as blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-A Mader
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie Physique, CNRS/Université J. Fourier - Grenoble I, BP 87, 38402, Saint Martin d'Hères, France
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Abkarian M, Faivre M, Stone HA. High-speed microfluidic differential manometer for cellular-scale hydrodynamics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:538-42. [PMID: 16407104 PMCID: PMC1334647 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0507171102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a broadly applicable high-speed microfluidic approach for measuring dynamical pressure-drop variations along a micrometer-sized channel and illustrate the potential of the technique by presenting measurements of the additional pressure drop produced at the scale of individual flowing cells. The influence of drug-modified mechanical properties of the cell membrane is shown. Finally, single hemolysis events during flow are recorded simultaneously with the critical pressure drop for the rupture of the membrane. This scale-independent measurement approach can be applied to any dynamical process or event that changes the hydrodynamic resistance of micro- or nanochannels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manouk Abkarian
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Pierce Hall, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Abstract
Surface tension gives gas bubbles their perfect spherical shape by minimizing the surface area for a given volume. Here we show that gas bubbles and liquid drops can exist in stable, non-spherical shapes if the surface is covered, or 'armoured', with a close-packed monolayer of particles. When two spherical armoured bubbles are fused, jamming of the particles on the interface supports the unequal stresses that are necessary to stabilize a non-spherical shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Bala Subramaniam
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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Faivre M, Abkarian M, Bickraj K, Stone HA. Geometrical focusing of cells in a microfluidic device: an approach to separate blood plasma. Biorheology 2006; 43:147-59. [PMID: 16687784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that when a suspension of cells flows in small vessels (arterioles or venules), there exists a cell-free layer of a few microns adjacent to the vascular walls. Using an in vitro model, we show experimentally that for a fixed flow rate a geometrical constriction in the flow can artificially enhance the cell-free layer. Also, we show that rapid variation of the geometry coupled to the deformability of the cells can dramatically modify their spatial distribution in the channel. The effects of the constriction geometry, flow rate, suspending fluid viscosity, cell concentration, and cell deformability are studied and the results are interpreted in terms of a model of the hydrodynamic drift of an ellipsoidal cell in a shear flow. We propose a microfluidic application of this focusing effect for separation of the red blood cells from the suspending plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magalie Faivre
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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35
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Abstract
We experimentally study the production of micrometer-sized droplets using microfluidic technology and a flow-focusing geometry. Two distinct methods of flow control are compared: (i) control of the flow rates of the two phases and (ii) control of the inlet pressures of the two phases. In each type of experiment, the drop size l, velocity U and production frequency f are measured and compared as either functions of the flow-rate ratio or the inlet pressure ratio. The minimum drop size in each experiment is on the order of the flow focusing contraction width a. The variation in drop size as the flow control parameters are varied is significantly different between the flow-rate and inlet pressure controlled experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ward
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University Cambridge, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Abstract
We report a detailed study of the behavior (shapes, experienced forces, velocities) of giant lipid vesicles subjected to a shear flow close to a wall. Vesicle buoyancy, size, and reduced volume were separately varied. We show that vesicles are deformed by the flow and exhibit a tank-treading motion with steady orientation. Their shapes are characterized by two nondimensional parameters: the reduced volume and the ratio of the shear stress with the hydrostatic pressure. We confirm the existence of a force, able to lift away nonspherical buoyant vesicles from the substrate. We give the functional variation and the value of this lift force (up to 150 pN in our experimental conditions) as a function of the relevant physical parameters: vesicle-substrate distance, wall shear rate, viscosity of the solution, vesicle size, and reduced volume. Circulating deformable cells disclosing a nonspherical shape also experience this force of viscous origin, which contributes to take them away from the endothelium and should be taken into account in studies on cell adhesion in flow chambers, where cells membrane and the adhesive substrate are in relative motion. Finally, the kinematics of vesicles along the flow direction can be described in a first approximation with a model of rigid spheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abkarian
- Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
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Subramaniam AB, Abkarian M, Stone HA. Controlled assembly of jammed colloidal shells on fluid droplets. Nat Mater 2005; 4:553-6. [PMID: 15937488 DOI: 10.1038/nmat1412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2005] [Accepted: 05/04/2005] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Assembly of colloidal particles on fluid interfaces is a promising technique for synthesizing two-dimensional microcrystalline materials useful in fields as diverse as biomedicine, materials science, mineral flotation and food processing. Current approaches rely on bulk emulsification methods, require further chemical and thermal treatments, and are restrictive with respect to the materials used. The development of methods that exploit the great potential of interfacial assembly for producing tailored materials have been hampered by the lack of understanding of the assembly process. Here we report a microfluidic method that allows direct visualization and understanding of the dynamics of colloidal crystal growth on curved interfaces. The crystals are periodically ejected to form stable jammed shells, which we refer to as colloidal armour. We propose that the energetic barriers to interfacial crystal growth and organization can be overcome by targeted delivery of colloidal particles through hydrodynamic flows. Our method allows an unprecedented degree of control over armour composition, size and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Bala Subramaniam
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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Abstract
We report the properties of giant lipid vesicles enclosing an agarose gel. In this system, the lipid bilayer retains some basic properties of biological membranes and the internal fluid exhibits viscoelastic properties, thus permitting us to address the question of the deformation of a cell membrane in relation to the mechanical properties of its cytoskeleton. The agarose gel (concentration c0gel = 0.07%, 0.18%, 0.36%, and 1% w/w), likely not anchored to the membrane, confers to the internal volume elastic moduli in the range of 10-10(4) Pa. Shapes and kinetics of de-swelling of gel-filled and aqueous solution-filled vesicles are compared upon either a progressive or a fast osmotic shrinkage. Both systems exhibit similar kinetics. Shapes of solution-filled vesicles are well described using the area difference elasticity model, whereas gel-filled vesicles present original patterns: facets, bumps, spikes (c0gel < 0.36%), or wrinkles (c0gel > or = 0.36%). These shapes partially vanish upon re-swelling, and some of them are reminiscent of echinocytic shapes of erythrocytes. Their characteristic size (microns) decreases upon increasing c0gel. A possible origin of these patterns, relying on the formation of a dense impermeable gel layer at the vesicle surface and associated with a transition toward a collapsed gel phase, is advanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Viallat
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie Physique, Université J. Fourier, Saint Martin d'Hères, France.
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39
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Abstract
Colloidal crystallization takes advantage of the strong interfacial forces and tunable interactions that organize particles into regular structures at small scales. Thus, colloidal crystallization and patterning provide a powerful and simple method to functionalize planar surfaces with applications to optical, catalytic, sensing, and cleansing materials. Nevertheless, the ability to pattern topologically more complex surfaces such as curved, confined, or soft substrates can open new avenues for novel, "intelligent", and responsive materials. We present one step in this direction by characterizing colloidal crystallization inside circular capillaries: a nearly periodic banding is observed, and the colloidal packing is dictated by confinement produced by the wedge-like region formed by a capillary confined meniscus. The packing consists of a succession of hexagonally close-packed regions, which are separated by narrow regions of "buckled phase crystals".
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Affiliation(s)
- Manouk Abkarian
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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40
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Abkarian M, Lartigue C, Viallat A. Tank treading and unbinding of deformable vesicles in shear flow: determination of the lift force. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 88:068103. [PMID: 11863856 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.068103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2001] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Deformation and tank-treading motion of flaccid vesicles in a linear shear flow close to a wall are quantitatively studied by light microscopy. Velocities of bounded vesicles obey Goldman's law established for rigid spheres. A progressive tilt and a transition of unbinding of vesicles are evidenced upon increasing the shear rate, gamma;. These observations disclose the existence of a viscous lift force, F(l), depending on the viscosity eta of the fluid, the radius R of the vesicle, its distance h from the substrate, and a monotonous decreasing function f(1-v) of the reduced volume v, in the following manner: F(l) = eta(gamma)(R(3)/h)f(1-v). This relation is valid for vesicles both close to and farther from the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manouk Abkarian
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie Physique, UMR C5588 (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier BP87 38402 Saint Martin d'Hères Cedex, France
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41
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Abkarian M, Lartigue C, Viallat A. Motion of phospholipidic vesicles along an inclined plane: sliding and rolling. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2001; 63:041906. [PMID: 11308876 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.63.041906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The migration of giant phospholipidic vesicles along an inclined plane in a quiescent fluid was observed as a function of the mass and the radius R of the vesicles, and as a function of the angle of inclination of the plane. Vesicles were swollen, and did not adhere to the substrate surface. It was observed from a side-view chamber that they have quasispherical shapes. The vesicles mainly slide along the plane, but also roll. The ratio omegaR/v of rotational to translational velocities is of the order of 0.15 for vesicles of radius ranging from 10 to 30 microm. Values of this ratio, and variations of v versus R, are well described by Goldman et al.'s model developed for the motion of rigid spheres close to a wall [Chem. Eng. Sci. 22, 637 (1967)]. In this framework, the thickness of the fluid film between the vesicle and the substrate derived from fitting experimental data was found to be equal to 48 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abkarian
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie Physique, UMR C5588 (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier, Boîte Postale 87, 38402 Saint Martin d'Hères Cedex, France
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