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Xiang J, Zhang C, Gao Y, Schmidt W, Schmalzl K, Wang CW, Li B, Xi N, Liu XY, Jin H, Li G, Shen J, Chen Z, Qi Y, Wan Y, Jin W, Li W, Sun P, Su G. Giant magnetocaloric effect in spin supersolid candidate Na 2BaCo(PO 4) 2. Nature 2024; 625:270-275. [PMID: 38200301 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06885-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Supersolid, an exotic quantum state of matter that consists of particles forming an incompressible solid structure while simultaneously showing superfluidity of zero viscosity1, is one of the long-standing pursuits in fundamental research2,3. Although the initial report of 4He supersolid turned out to be an artefact4, this intriguing quantum matter has inspired enthusiastic investigations into ultracold quantum gases5-8. Nevertheless, the realization of supersolidity in condensed matter remains elusive. Here we find evidence for a quantum magnetic analogue of supersolid-the spin supersolid-in the recently synthesized triangular-lattice antiferromagnet Na2BaCo(PO4)2 (ref. 9). Notably, a giant magnetocaloric effect related to the spin supersolidity is observed in the demagnetization cooling process, manifesting itself as two prominent valley-like regimes, with the lowest temperature attaining below 100 mK. Not only is there an experimentally determined series of critical fields but the demagnetization cooling profile also shows excellent agreement with the theoretical simulations with an easy-axis Heisenberg model. Neutron diffractions also successfully locate the proposed spin supersolid phases by revealing the coexistence of three-sublattice spin solid order and interlayer incommensurability indicative of the spin superfluidity. Thus, our results reveal a strong entropic effect of the spin supersolid phase in a frustrated quantum magnet and open up a viable and promising avenue for applications in sub-kelvin refrigeration, especially in the context of persistent concerns about helium shortages10,11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsen Xiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuandi Zhang
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science at Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Karin Schmalzl
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science at Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Chin-Wei Wang
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bo Li
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Xi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Yang Liu
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Jin
- Department of Astronomy, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyu Chen
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Wan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wentao Jin
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijng, China.
- Peng Huanwu Collaborative Center for Research and Education, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
| | - Peijie Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Gang Su
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijng, China.
- Kavli Institute for Theoretical Sciences, and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijng, China.
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Dai YW, Liu XJ, Li SH, Chen AM. Characteristic quantum phase in Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain with exchange and single-ion anisotropies. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:054104. [PMID: 36559519 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.054104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the ground-state phase diagram for a spin-one quantum Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain with exchange and single-ion anisotropies in an external magnetic field by using the infinite time-evolving block decimation algorithm to compute the ground-state fidelity per lattice site. We detect all phase boundaries solely by computing the ground-state fidelity per lattice site, with the prescription that a phase transition point is attributed to a pinch point on the ground-state fidelity surface. Furthermore, the results indicate that a magnetization plateau corresponds to a fidelity plateau on the ground-state fidelity surface, thus offering an alternative route for investigating the magnetization processes of quantum many-body spin systems. We characterize all phases by using the local-order parameter, the spin correlation, the momentum distribution of the spin correlation structure factor, and mutual information as a function of the lattice distance. The commensurate and incommensurate phases are distinguished by the mutual information. In addition, the central charges at criticalities are identified by performing a finite-entanglement scaling analysis. The results show that all phase transitions between spin liquids and magnetization plateaus belong to the Pokrovsky-Talapov universality class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Wei Dai
- Centre for Modern Physics and Department of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, The People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Material and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, The People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Jing Liu
- Centre for Modern Physics and Department of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, The People's Republic of China.,The School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400044, The People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Hao Li
- Centre for Modern Physics and Department of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, The People's Republic of China.,School of Big Data and Internet of Things, Chongqing Vocational Institute of Engineering, Chongqing 402260, The People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Min Chen
- School of Science, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, The People's Republic of China
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Heydarinasab F, Abouie J. Mixed-spin system with supersolid phases: magnetocaloric effect and thermal properties. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:165804. [PMID: 31835260 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab61ca] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recently, it has been shown that two dimensional frustrated mixed-spin systems with anisotropic exchange interactions display supersolid phases in their ground state phase diagrams even in the absence of long-range interactions. In this paper, using cluster mean field theory, we investigate the effects of thermal fluctuations on the ground state phases of this kind of system and show that various thermal solids and thermal insulators emerge around the ground state solid and Mott insulating phases. We also study the thermodynamic properties and magnetocaloric effect of these systems and demonstrate that at low temperatures, a large cooling rate is seen in the vicinity of the solid-supersolid, solid-superfluid and Mott insulator-superfluid critical points, with the large accumulation of the entropy and the minimums of the isentropes. Our results show the sign change of the magnetocaloric parameter inside the solids and the Mott insulator, which is a characteristic of ordered phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Heydarinasab
- Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
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Abstract
We study the ground state phase diagram of a two dimensional mixed-spin system of coupled alternating spin-1 and 1/2 chains with a stripe supersolid phase. Utilizing different analytical and numerical approaches such as mean field approximation, cluster mean field theory and linear spin wave theory, we demonstrate that our system displays a rich ground state phase diagram including novel stripe supersolid, solids with different fillings and super-counterfluid phases, in addition to a stripe solid with half filling, superfluid and Mott insulating phases. In order to find a minimal mixed-spin model for stripe supersolidity, in the second part of the paper we consider two kinds of mixed-spin system of coupled alternating spin-1 and 1/2 chains with (i) anisotropic nearest neighbor interactions, (ii) anisotropic hoppings and study their ground state phase diagrams. We demonstrate that, for the systems with uniform hoppings, the repulsive intra-chains interactions are necessary for stripe supersolidity. In this case the minimal two dimensional mixed-spin model is a system of spin-1 and spin-1/2 XXZ chains, interacting via Ising Hamiltonian. In the case of anisotropic hoppings, a system of coupled Ising chains is the minimal model.
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Wierschem K, Sengupta P. Quenching the haldane gap in spin-1 Heisenberg antiferromagnets. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:247203. [PMID: 24996106 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.247203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We consider a quasi-one-dimensional system of spin-1 Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chains in two-dimensional and three-dimensional hypercubic lattices with interchain coupling J and uniaxial single-ion anisotropy D. Using large-scale numerical simulations, we map out the J-D phase diagram and investigate the low-lying excitations of the Haldane phase in the J≪1 limit. We also provide direct evidence that the Haldane phase remains a nontrivial symmetry-protected topological state for small but finite J.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keola Wierschem
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore and International Institute for Complex Adaptive Matter, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Pinaki Sengupta
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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Batrouni GG, Scalettar RT, Rousseau VG, Grémaud B. Competing supersolid and Haldane insulator phases in the extended one-dimensional bosonic Hubbard model. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:265303. [PMID: 23848892 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.265303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The Haldane insulator is a gapped phase characterized by an exotic nonlocal order parameter. The parameter regimes at which it might exist, and how it competes with alternate types of order, such as supersolid order, are still incompletely understood. Using the stochastic Green function quantum Monte Carlo algorithm and density matrix renormalization group, we study numerically the ground state phase diagram of the one-dimensional bosonic Hubbard model with contact and near neighbor repulsive interactions. We show that, depending on the ratio of the near neighbor to contact interactions, this model exhibits charge density waves, superfluid, supersolid, and the recently identified Haldane insulating phases. We show that the Haldane insulating phase exists only at the tip of the unit-filling charge density wave lobe and that there is a stable supersolid phase over a very wide range of parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G Batrouni
- INLN, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, 1361 route des Lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France
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Wierschem K, Sengupta P. Columnar antiferromagnetic order and spin supersolid phase on the extended Shastry-Sutherland lattice. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:207207. [PMID: 25167448 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.207207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We use large scale quantum Monte Carlo simulations to study an extended version of the canonical Shastry-Sutherland model--including additional interactions and exchange anisotropy--over a wide range of interaction parameters and an applied magnetic field. The model is appropriate for describing the low energy properties of some members of the rare earth tetraborides. Working in the limit of large Ising-like exchange anisotropy, we demonstrate the stabilization of columnar antiferromagnetic order in the ground state at zero field and an extended magnetization plateau at 1/2 the saturation magnetization in the presence of an applied longitudinal magnetic field--qualitatively similar to experimentally observed low-temperature phases in ErB(4). Our results show that for an optimal range of exchange parameters, a spin supersolid ground state is realized over a finite range of an applied field between the columnar antiferromagnetic phase and the magnetization plateau. The full momentum dependence of the longitudinal and transverse components of the static structure factor is calculated in the spin supersolid phase to demonstrate the simultaneous existence of diagonal and off-diagonal long-range order. Our results provide crucial guidance in designing further experiments to search for the interesting spin supersolid phase in ErB(4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Keola Wierschem
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Pinaki Sengupta
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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Selke W. Multicritical points in the three-dimensional XXZ antiferromagnet with single-ion anisotropy. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2013; 87:014101. [PMID: 23410467 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.87.014101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The classical Heisenberg antiferromagnet with uniaxial exchange anisotropy, the XXZ model, and competing planar single-ion anisotropy in a magnetic field on a simple cubic lattice is studied with the help of extensive Monte Carlo simulations. The biconical (supersolid) phase, bordering the antiferromagnetic and spin-flop phases, is found to become thermally unstable well below the onset of the disordered, paramagnetic phase, leading to interesting multicritical points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Selke
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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9
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Wierschem K, Sengupta P. Dimensional crossover in spin-1 Heisenberg antiferromagnets: a quantum Monte Carlo study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/400/3/032112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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Batista CD, Somma RD. Condensation of anyons in frustrated quantum magnets. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:227203. [PMID: 23368157 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.227203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We derive the exact ground space of a family of spin-1/2 Heisenberg chains with uniaxial exchange anisotropy (XXZ) and interactions between nearest and next-nearest-neighbor spins. The Hamiltonian family, H(eff)(Q), is parametrized by a single variable Q. By using a generalized Jordan-Wigner transformation that maps spins into anyons, we show that the exact ground states of H(eff)(Q) correspond to a condensation of anyons with a statistical phase φ=-4Q. We also provide matrix-product state representations of some ground states that allow for the efficient computation of spin-spin correlation functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Batista
- Theoretical Division, T-4 and CNLS, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
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11
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Kohama Y, Wang S, Uchida A, Prsa K, Zvyagin S, Skourski Y, McDonald RD, Balicas L, Ronnow HM, Rüegg C, Jaime M. Anisotropic cascade of field-induced phase transitions in the frustrated spin-ladder system BiCu2PO6. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:167204. [PMID: 23215121 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.167204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BiCu(2)PO(6) is a frustrated two-leg spin-ladder compound with a spin gap that can be closed with a magnetic field of approximately 20 T. This quantum phase transition and its related phase diagram as a function of magnetic field and temperature (H, T) are investigated up to 60 T by means of specific heat, magnetocaloric effect, magnetization, and magnetostriction measurements. In contrast to other gapped quantum magnets, BiCu(2)PO(6) undergoes a series of unexpected first- and second-order phase transitions when an external magnetic field is applied along the crystallographic c axis. The application of a magnetic field along the b axis induces two second-order phase transitions. We propose that the anisotropy and complex phase diagram result from the interplay between strong geometrical frustration and spin-orbit interaction necessary for the description of this fascinating magnetic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimitsu Kohama
- MPA-CMMS, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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Bostrem IG, Sinitsyn VE, Ovchinnikov AS, Hosokoshi Y, Inoue K. Bose-Einstein condensation of semi-hard bosons in the S = 1 dimerized organic compound F(2)PNNNO. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2010; 22:036001. [PMID: 21386299 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/3/036001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
An analysis of the energy spectrum and magnetization curve of the two-dimensional organic antiferromagnet F(2)PNNNO with a spin-one dimerized structure shows that the behavior of the compound in an external magnetic field can be explained within a lattice boson model with an extended Pauli exclusion principle, i.e. no more than two bosons per dimer. The unusual magnetization curve observed experimentally in the compound reflects a sequence of phase transitions intrinsic for a lattice boson system with strong on-site and inter-site repulsions due to a tuning of magnon density by the applied magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- I G Bostrem
- Department of Physics, Ural State University, 620083, Ekaterinburg, Russia
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