1
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Zhou M, Zhang Y, Yang J. Analysis of Nitrogen Dynamics and Transcriptomic Activity Revealed a Pivotal Role of Some Amino Acid Transporters in Nitrogen Remobilization in Poplar Senescing Leaves. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4140. [PMID: 38140467 PMCID: PMC10747403 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is an important developmental process for deciduous trees during which part of leaf nitrogen is remobilized to branches, thus being beneficial for nitrogen conservation. However, the associated regulatory mechanism remains largely unknown in deciduous trees. In this study, nitrogen dynamics and transcriptomic activity in senescing leaves were measured during autumnal senescence in hybrid poplar. Both concentrations of leaf total nitrogen (N) and amine compounds were found to decline from the pre-senescence (PRE) to the middle-senescence (MS) stage. Although the total N concentration decreased further from MS to the late-senescence (LS) and leveled off to abscission (ABS) stage, amine compound concentration increased continuously from MS to ABS, suggesting that translocation of amine compounds underperformed production of amine compounds in leaves during this period. L-glutamate, L-glutamine and α-aminoadipic acid were the top three amine compounds accumulated in senescent leaves. RNA-Seq profiling identified thousands of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with functional association with a metabolic transition towards disassimilation. Many genes encoding amino acid metabolism enzymes and amino acid transporters (AATs) were up-regulated. Comparison of expression trend with leaf N dynamics and phylogenetic analysis identified several PtAATs which exhibited down-regulation from MS to LS stage and putatively limited leaf N remobilization. This study can serve as a primary basis to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms of nitrogen remobilization in poplar senescing leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jiading Yang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (M.Z.); (Y.Z.)
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2
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Estiarte M, Campioli M, Mayol M, Penuelas J. Variability and limits of nitrogen and phosphorus resorption during foliar senescence. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100503. [PMID: 36514281 PMCID: PMC10030369 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Foliar nutrient resorption (NuR) plays a key role in ecosystem functioning and plant nutrient economy. Most of this recycling occurs during the senescence of leaves and is actively addressed by cells. Here, we discuss the importance of cell biochemistry, physiology, and subcellular anatomy to condition the outcome of NuR at the cellular level and to explain the existence of limits to NuR. Nutrients are transferred from the leaf in simple metabolites that can be loaded into the phloem. Proteolysis is the main mechanism for mobilization of N, whereas P mobilization requires the involvement of different catabolic pathways, making the dynamics of P in leaves more variable than those of N before, during, and after foliar senescence. The biochemistry and fate of organelles during senescence impose constraints that limit NuR. The efficiency of NuR decreases, especially in evergreen species, as soil fertility increases, which is attributed to the relative costs of nutrient acquisition from soil decreasing with increasing soil nutrient availability, while the energetic costs of NuR from senescing leaves remain constant. NuR is genetically determined, with substantial interspecific variability, and is environmentally regulated in space and time, with nutrient availability being a key driver of intraspecific variability in NuR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Estiarte
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Matteo Campioli
- Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Maria Mayol
- CREAF, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Penuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain.
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3
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Feng CH, Niu MX, Liu X, Bao Y, Liu S, Liu M, He F, Han S, Liu C, Wang HL, Yin W, Su Y, Xia X. Genome-Wide Analysis of the FBA Subfamily of the Poplar F-Box Gene Family and Its Role under Drought Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4823. [PMID: 36902250 PMCID: PMC10002531 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
F-box proteins are important components of eukaryotic SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, which specifically determine protein substrate proteasomal degradation during plant growth and development, as well as biotic and abiotic stress. It has been found that the FBA (F-box associated) protein family is one of the largest subgroups of the widely prevalent F-box family and plays significant roles in plant development and stress response. However, the FBA gene family in poplar has not been systematically studied to date. In this study, a total of 337 F-box candidate genes were discovered based on the fourth-generation genome resequencing of P. trichocarpa. The domain analysis and classification of candidate genes revealed that 74 of these candidate genes belong to the FBA protein family. The poplar F-box genes have undergone multiple gene replication events, particularly in the FBA subfamily, and their evolution can be attributed to genome-wide duplication (WGD) and tandem duplication (TD). In addition, we investigated the P. trichocarpa FBA subfamily using the PlantGenIE database and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR); the results showed that they are expressed in the cambium, phloem and mature tissues, but rarely expressed in young leaves and flowers. Moreover, they are also widely involved in the drought stress response. At last, we selected and cloned PtrFBA60 for physiological function analysis and found that it played an important role in coping with drought stress. Taken together, the family analysis of FBA genes in P. trichocarpa provides a new opportunity for the identification of P. trichocarpa candidate FBA genes and elucidation of their functions in growth, development and stress response, thus demonstrating their utility in the improvement of P. trichocarpa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yanyan Su
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (X.X.); Tel.: +86-10-62336400 (X.X.)
| | - Xinli Xia
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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4
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Marín-Sanz M, Barro F. RNAi silencing of wheat gliadins alters the network of transcription factors that regulate the synthesis of seed storage proteins toward maintaining grain protein levels. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:935851. [PMID: 36003813 PMCID: PMC9395171 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.935851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gluten proteins are responsible for the unique viscoelastic properties of wheat dough, but they also trigger the immune response in celiac disease patients. RNA interference (RNAi) wheat lines with strongly silenced gliadins were obtained to reduce the immunogenic response of wheat. The E82 line presents the highest reduction of gluten, but other grain proteins increased, maintaining a total nitrogen content comparable to that of the wild type. To better understand the regulatory mechanisms in response to gliadin silencing, we carried out a transcriptomic analysis of grain and leaf tissues of the E82 line during grain filling. A network of candidate transcription factors (TFs) that regulates the synthesis of the seed storage proteins (SSPs), α-amylase/trypsin inhibitors, lipid transfer proteins, serpins, and starch in the grain was obtained. Moreover, there were a high number of differentially expressed genes in the leaf of E82, where processes such as nutrient availability and transport were enriched. The source-sink communication between leaf and grain showed that many down-regulated genes were related to protease activity, amino acid and sugar metabolism, and their transport. In the leaf, specific proline transporters and lysine-histidine transporters were down- and up-regulated, respectively. Overall, the silencing of gliadins in the RNAi line is compensated mainly with lysine-rich globulins, which are not related to the proposed candidate network of TFs, suggesting that these proteins are regulated independently of the other SSPs. Results reported here can explain the protein compensation mechanisms and contribute to decipher the complex TF network operating during grain filling.
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5
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Zhang L, Chu C. Selenium Uptake, Transport, Metabolism, Reutilization, and Biofortification in Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 15:30. [PMID: 35701545 PMCID: PMC9198118 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-022-00572-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for humans and other animals. The human body mainly acquires Se from plant foods, especially cereal grains. Rice is the staple food for more than half of the world's population. Increasing the Se concentration of rice grains can increase the average human dietary Se intake. This review summarizes recent advances in the molecular mechanisms of Se uptake, transport, subcellular distribution, retranslocation, volatilization, and Se-containing protein degradation in plants, especially rice. The strategies for improving Se concentration in rice grains by increasing Se accumulation, reducing Se volatilization, and optimizing Se form were proposed, which provide new insight into Se biofortification in rice by improving the utilization efficiency of Se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianhe Zhang
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Ecology, Agricultural College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China.
| | - Chengcai Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture and Technology, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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6
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Sun J, Liang W, Ye S, Chen X, Zhou Y, Lu J, Shen Y, Wang X, Zhou J, Yu C, Yan C, Zheng B, Chen J, Yang Y. Whole-Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Autophagy Is Involved in Early Senescence of zj-es Mutant Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:899054. [PMID: 35720578 PMCID: PMC9204060 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.899054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Senescence is a necessary stage of plant growth and development, and the early senescence of rice will lead to yield reduction and quality decline. However, the mechanisms of rice senescence remain obscure. In this study, we characterized an early-senescence rice mutant, designated zj-es (ZheJing-early senescence), which was derived from the japonica rice cultivar Zhejing22. The mutant zj-es exhibited obvious early-senescence phenotype, such as collapsed chloroplast, lesions in leaves, declined fertility, plant dwarf, and decreased agronomic traits. The ZJ-ES gene was mapped in a 458 kb-interval between the molecular markers RM5992 and RM5813 on Chromosome 3, and analysis suggested that ZJ-ES is a novel gene controlling rice early senescence. Subsequently, whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing was performed on zj-es and its wild-type rice to dissect the underlying molecular mechanism for early senescence. Totally, 10,085 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs), 1,253 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs), and 614 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) were identified, respectively, in different comparison groups. Based on the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), the co-expression turquoise module was found to be the key for the occurrence of rice early senescence. Furthermore, analysis on the competing endogenous RNA (CeRNA) network revealed that 14 lncRNAs possibly regulated 16 co-expressed mRNAs through 8 miRNAs, and enrichment analysis showed that most of the DEmRNAs and the targets of DElncRNAs and DEmiRNAs were involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS)-triggered autophagy-related pathways. Further analysis showed that, in zj-es, ROS-related enzyme activities were markedly changed, ROS were largely accumulated, autophagosomes were obviously observed, cell death was significantly detected, and lesions were notably appeared in leaves. Totally, combining our results here and the remaining research, we infer that ROS-triggered autophagy induces the programmed cell death (PCD) and its coupled early senescence in zj-es mutant rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Sun
- College of Life Science, Fujian A&F University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Protection, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weifang Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Protection, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Shenghai Ye
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Protection, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuhang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Protection, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianfei Lu
- Zhejiang Plant Protection, Quarantine and Pesticide Management Station, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Zhejiang Plant Protection, Quarantine and Pesticide Management Station, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuming Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Protection, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Protection, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chulang Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, and Rural affairs, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Protection, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chengqi Yan
- Institute of Biotechnology, Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Science, Ningbo, China
| | - Bingsong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Protection, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, and Rural affairs, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Protection, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Protection, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
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7
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Popov VN, Syromyatnikov MY, Franceschi C, Moskalev AA, Krutovsky KV, Krutovsky KV. Genetic mechanisms of aging in plants: What can we learn from them? Ageing Res Rev 2022; 77:101601. [PMID: 35278719 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Plants hold all records in longevity. Their aging is a complex process. In the presented review, we analyzed published data on various aspects of plant aging with focus on any inferences that could shed a light on aging in animals and help to fight it in human. Plant aging can be caused by many factors, such as telomere depletion, genomic instability, loss of proteostasis, changes in intercellular interaction, desynchronosis, autophagy misregulation, epigenetic changes and others. Plants have developed a number of mechanisms to increase lifespan. Among these mechanisms are gene duplication ("genetic backup"), the active work of telomerases, abundance of meristematic cells, capacity of maintaining the meristems permanently active and continuous activity of phytohormones. Plant aging usually occurs throughout the whole perennial life, but could be also seasonal senescence. Study of causes for seasonal aging can also help to uncover the mechanisms of plant longevity. The influence of different factors such as microbiome communities, glycation, alternative oxidase activity, mitochondrial dysfunction on plant longevity was also reviewed. Adaptive mechanisms of long-lived plants are considered. Further comparative study of the mechanisms underlying longevity of plants is necessary. This will allow us to reach a potentially new level of understanding of the aging process of plants.
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8
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Fataftah N, Bag P, André D, Lihavainen J, Zhang B, Ingvarsson PK, Nilsson O, Jansson S. GIGANTEA influences leaf senescence in trees in two different ways. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:2435-2450. [PMID: 34636903 PMCID: PMC8644469 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
GIGANTEA (GI) genes have a central role in plant development and influence several processes. Hybrid aspen T89 (Populus tremula x tremuloides) trees with low GI expression engineered through RNAi show severely compromised growth. To study the effect of reduced GI expression on leaf traits with special emphasis on leaf senescence, we grafted GI-RNAi scions onto wild-type rootstocks and successfully restored growth of the scions. The RNAi line had a distorted leaf shape and reduced photosynthesis, probably caused by modulation of phloem or stomatal function, increased starch accumulation, a higher carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, and reduced capacity to withstand moderate light stress. GI-RNAi also induced senescence under long day (LD) and moderate light conditions. Furthermore, the GI-RNAi lines were affected in their capacity to respond to "autumn environmental cues" inducing senescence, a type of leaf senescence that has physiological and biochemical characteristics that differ from those of senescence induced directly by stress under LD conditions. Overexpression of GI delayed senescence under simulated autumn conditions. The two different effects on leaf senescence under LD or simulated autumn conditions were not affected by the expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T. GI expression regulated leaf senescence locally-the phenotype followed the genotype of the branch, independent of its position on the tree-and trees with modified gene expression were affected in a similar way when grown in the field as under controlled conditions. Taken together, GI plays a central role in sensing environmental changes during autumn and determining the appropriate timing for leaf senescence in Populus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazeer Fataftah
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pushan Bag
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Domenique André
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jenna Lihavainen
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pär K Ingvarsson
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ove Nilsson
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stefan Jansson
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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9
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Chen S, Qiu G. Overexpression of seagrass DnaJ gene ZjDjB1 enhances the thermotolerance of transgenic arabidopsis thaliana. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:2043-2055. [PMID: 34629777 PMCID: PMC8484434 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01063-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Seagrass meadows are one of the most important marine resources that grow along the coast. They provide habitat and a food source for animals. They also protect the coast, fix sediment and purify seawater. In the current period of global climate change, anomalies in coastal water temperatures are increasing. A sudden increase in water temperature owing to a heat wave can have a profound effect on seagrass. Zostera japonica is a type of intertidal seagrasses, which is exposed to the air at low tide. High temperatures in the summer often lead to a decline in seagrass meadows. DnaJ proteins, also known as J proteins, are a family of conserved chaperone proteins. They are designated as J proteins because they contain a highly conserved J domain. They function as chaperones of heat shock proteins in organisms. In this study, the role of DnaJ protein (ZjDjB1) of Z. japonica under heat stress was studied. ZjDjB1 was localized to the cytoplasm and nucleus. The overexpression of ZjDjB1 in Arabidopsis thaliana results in an increase in thermotolerance and a decrease in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and also a reduction in membrane damage. ZjDjB1 may achieve this goal by maintaining a low activity of proteolytic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siting Chen
- Guangxi Key Lab of Mangrove Conservation and Utilization, Guangxi Mangrove Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Beihai, 536007 Guangxi China
| | - Guanglong Qiu
- Guangxi Key Lab of Mangrove Conservation and Utilization, Guangxi Mangrove Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Beihai, 536007 Guangxi China
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10
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Wang HL, Zhang Y, Wang T, Yang Q, Yang Y, Li Z, Li B, Wen X, Li W, Yin W, Xia X, Guo H, Li Z. An alternative splicing variant of PtRD26 delays leaf senescence by regulating multiple NAC transcription factors in Populus. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:1594-1614. [PMID: 33793897 PMCID: PMC8254505 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
During leaf senescence, the final stage of leaf development, nutrients are recycled from leaves to other organs, and therefore proper control of senescence is thus critical for plant fitness. Although substantial progress has been achieved in understanding leaf senescence in annual plants, the molecular factors that control leaf senescence in perennial woody plants are largely unknown. Using RNA sequencing, we obtained a high-resolution temporal profile of gene expression during autumn leaf senescence in poplar (Populus tomentosa). Identification of hub transcription factors (TFs) by co-expression network analysis of genes revealed that senescence-associated NAC family TFs (Sen-NAC TFs) regulate autumn leaf senescence. Age-dependent alternative splicing (AS) caused an intron retention (IR) event in the pre-mRNA encoding PtRD26, a NAC-TF. This produced a truncated protein PtRD26IR, which functions as a dominant-negative regulator of senescence by interacting with multiple hub Sen-NAC TFs, thereby repressing their DNA-binding activities. Functional analysis of senescence-associated splicing factors identified two U2 auxiliary factors that are involved in AS of PtRD26IR. Correspondingly, silencing of these factors decreased PtRD26IR transcript abundance and induced early senescence. We propose that an age-dependent increase of IR splice variants derived from Sen-NAC TFs is a regulatory program to fine tune the molecular mechanisms that regulate leaf senescence in trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Ling Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yanli Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ze Li
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bosheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Xing Wen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Wenyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Weilun Yin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xinli Xia
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Author for correspondence: (Z.L.), (H.G.)
| | - Zhonghai Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Author for correspondence: (Z.L.), (H.G.)
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11
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Lihavainen J, Edlund E, Björkén L, Bag P, Robinson KM, Jansson S. Stem girdling affects the onset of autumn senescence in aspen in interaction with metabolic signals. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:201-217. [PMID: 33368469 PMCID: PMC8248097 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Autumn senescence in aspen (Populus tremula) is precisely timed every year to relocate nutrients from leaves to storage organs before winter. Here we demonstrate how stem girdling, which leads to the accumulation of photosynthates in the crown, influences senescence. Girdling resulted in an early onset of senescence, but the chlorophyll degradation was slower and nitrogen more efficiently resorbed than during normal autumn senescence. Girdled stems accumulated or retained anthocyanins potentially providing photoprotection in senescing leaves. Girdling of one stem in a clonal stand sharing the same root stock did not affect senescence in the others, showing that the stems were autonomous in this respect. One girdled stem with unusually high chlorophyll and nitrogen contents maintained low carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio and did not show early senescence or depleted chlorophyll level unlike the other girdled stems suggesting that the responses depended on the genotype or its carbon and nitrogen status. Metabolite analysis highlighted that the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, salicylic acid pathway, and redox homeostasis are involved in the regulation of girdling-induced senescence. We propose that disrupted sink-source relation and C/N status can provide cues through the TCA cycle and phytohormone signaling to override the phenological control of autumn senescence in the girdled stems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Lihavainen
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant PhysiologyUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Erik Edlund
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant PhysiologyUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Lars Björkén
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant PhysiologyUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Pushan Bag
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant PhysiologyUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Kathryn M. Robinson
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant PhysiologyUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Stefan Jansson
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant PhysiologyUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
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Paluch-Lubawa E, Stolarska E, Sobieszczuk-Nowicka E. Dark-Induced Barley Leaf Senescence - A Crop System for Studying Senescence and Autophagy Mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:635619. [PMID: 33790925 PMCID: PMC8005711 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.635619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This review synthesizes knowledge on dark-induced barley, attached, leaf senescence (DILS) as a model and discusses the possibility of using this crop system for studying senescence and autophagy mechanisms. It addresses the recent progress made in our understanding of DILS. The following aspects are discussed: the importance of chloroplasts as early targets of DILS, the role of Rubisco as the largest repository of recoverable nitrogen in leaves senescing in darkness, morphological changes of these leaves other than those described for chloroplasts and metabolic modifications associated with them, DILS versus developmental leaf senescence transcriptomic differences, and finally the observation that in DILS autophagy participates in the circulation of cell components and acts as a quality control mechanism during senescence. Despite the progression of macroautophagy, the symptoms of degradation can be reversed. In the review, the question also arises how plant cells regulate stress-induced senescence via autophagy and how the function of autophagy switches between cell survival and cell death.
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13
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Gómez-Merino FC, Trejo-Téllez LI, García-Jiménez A, Escobar-Sepúlveda HF, Ramírez-Olvera SM. Silicon flow from root to shoot in pepper: a comprehensive in silico analysis reveals a potential linkage between gene expression and hormone signaling that stimulates plant growth and metabolism. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10053. [PMID: 33194376 PMCID: PMC7648454 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Silicon (Si) is categorized as a quasi-essential element for plants thanks to the benefits on growth, development and metabolism in a hormetic manner. Si uptake is cooperatively mediated by Lsi1 and Lsi2. Nevertheless, Lsi channels have not yet been identified and characterized in pepper (Capsicum annuum), while genes involved in major physiological processes in pepper are Si-regulated. Furthermore, Si and phytohormones may act together in regulating plant growth, metabolism and tolerance against stress. Our aim was to identify potential synergies between Si and phytohormones stimulating growth and metabolism in pepper, based on in silico data. Methods We established a hydroponic system to test the effect of Si (0, 60, 125 and 250 mg L−1 Si) on the concentrations of this element in different pepper plant tissues. We also performed an in silico analysis of putative Lsi genes from pepper and other species, including tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), potato (Solanum tuberosum) and Arabidopsis thaliana, to look for cis-acting elements responsive to phytohormones in their promoter regions. With the Lsi1 and Lsi2 protein sequences from various plant species, we performed a phylogenetic analysis. Taking into consideration the Lsi genes retrieved from tomato, potato and Arabidopsis, an expression profiling analysis in different plant tissues was carried out. Expression of Si-regulated genes was also analyzed in response to phytohormones and different plant tissues and developmental stages in Arabidopsis. Results Si concentrations in plant tissues exhibited the following gradient: roots > stems > leaves. We were able to identify 16 Lsi1 and three Lsi2 genes in silico in the pepper genome, while putative Lsi homologs were also found in other plant species. They were mainly expressed in root tissues in the genomes analyzed. Both Lsi and Si-regulated genes displayed cis-acting elements responsive to diverse phytohormones. In Arabidopsis, Si-regulated genes were transcriptionally active in most tissues analyzed, though at different expressed levels. From the set of Si-responsive genes, the NOCS2 gene was highly expressed in germinated seeds, whereas RABH1B, and RBCS-1A, were moderately expressed in developed flowers. All genes analyzed showed responsiveness to phytohormones and phytohormone precursors. Conclusion Pepper root cells are capable of absorbing Si, but small amounts of this element are transported to the upper parts of the plant. We could identify putative Si influx (Lsi1) and efflux (Lsi2) channels that potentially participate in the absorption and transport of Si, since they are mainly expressed in roots. Both Lsi and Si-regulated genes exhibit cis-regulatory elements in their promoter regions, which are involved in phytohormone responses, pointing to a potential connection among Si, phytohormones, plant growth, and other vital physiological processes triggered by Si in pepper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Carlos Gómez-Merino
- Department of Soil Science, Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, College of Postgraduates in Agricultural Sciences, Texcoco, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Libia Iris Trejo-Téllez
- Department of Soil Science, Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, College of Postgraduates in Agricultural Sciences, Texcoco, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Atonaltzin García-Jiménez
- Department of Plant Physiology, College of Postgraduates in Agricultural Sciences, Texcoco, State of Mexico, Mexico
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Quantitative genetic architecture of adaptive phenology traits in the deciduous tree, Populus trichocarpa (Torr. and Gray). Heredity (Edinb) 2020; 125:449-458. [PMID: 32901141 PMCID: PMC7784687 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-020-00363-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In a warming climate, the ability to accurately predict and track shifting environmental conditions will be fundamental for plant survival. Environmental cues define the transitions between growth and dormancy as plants synchronise development with favourable environmental conditions, however these cues are predicted to change under future climate projections which may have profound impacts on tree survival and growth. Here, we use a quantitative genetic approach to estimate the genetic basis of spring and autumn phenology in Populus trichocarpa to determine this species capacity for climate adaptation. We measured bud burst, leaf coloration, and leaf senescence traits across two years (2017–2018) and combine these observations with measures of lifetime growth to determine how genetic correlations between phenology and growth may facilitate or constrain adaptation. Timing of transitions differed between years, although we found strong cross year genetic correlations in all traits, suggesting that genotypes respond in consistent ways to seasonal cues. Spring and autumn phenology were correlated with lifetime growth, where genotypes that burst leaves early and shed them late had the highest lifetime growth. We also identified substantial heritable variation in the timing of all phenological transitions (h2 = 0.5–0.8) and in lifetime growth (h2 = 0.8). The combination of additive variation and favourable genetic correlations in phenology traits suggests that populations of cultivated varieties of P. Trichocarpa may have the capability to adapt their phenology to climatic changes without negative impacts on growth.
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15
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Jakubowicz M, Nowak W, Gałgański Ł, Babula-Skowrońska D, Kubiak P. Expression profiling of the genes encoding ABA route components and the ACC oxidase isozymes in the senescing leaves of Populus tremula. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 248:153143. [PMID: 32126452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) triggers and regulates, while ethylene modulates autumn leaf senescence. The expression profiles of genes encoding ABA route components and the ACC oxidase isozymes were investigated in Populus tremula during the early and moderate stages of autumn leaf senescence. The targets of interest were Ptre-HAB1-like genes (Ptre-HAB1, Ptre-HAB3a and Ptre-HAB3b), the subclass 3 of Ptre-SnRK2s genes (Ptre-SnRK2.6a, Ptre-SnRK2.6b and Ptre-SnRK2.6b) and Ptre-RbohD1, Ptre-RbohF1, and Ptre-RbohF2 genes encoding the poplar components, which are counterparts of the ABA route key regulators or the counterparts of its secondary messengers, such as Homology to ABA-insensitive 1 (HAB1), Sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinases 2 (SnRK2s) or Respiratory burst oxidase D and Respiratory burst oxidase F (RbohD and RbohF, respectively) in Arabidopsis, and Ptre-ACO3, Ptre-ACO5, and Ptre-ACO6 genes encoding ACC oxidase isozymes involved in ethylene biosynthesis. The fold change in their expression levels enabled to distinguish the distinct expression patterns for the following pairs of genes: Ptre-HAB3a and Ptre-SnRK2.6a, Ptre-HAB3b and Ptre-SnRK2.2, and Ptre-HAB1 and Ptre-SnRK2.6b, where each pair involves the genes encoding the negative and positive regulators of ABA route, respectively. Among the investigated genes, the fold change of expression was the highest for Ptre-ACO3, Ptre-ACO6, and Ptre-SnRK2.6b genes during both the studied stages, and additionally for Ptre-HAB1 and Ptre-RbohD1 genes during the moderate stage. In contrast, the Ptre-RbohF1 and Ptre-RbohF2 genes exhibited only the transient upregulation at the early stage of senescence. In an in vitro study, the ability of protein kinases Ptre-SnRK2.6a and Ptre-SnRK2.6b to phosphorylate the N-terminal regions of Ptre-RbohD1 and Ptre-RbohF2 was studied; the activity of Ptre-SnRK2.6b against the studied Ptre-Rbohs was noticeably lower than that exhibited by Ptre-SnRK2.6a. It seems that despite the high similarity of their polypeptides, Ptre-SnRK2.6a and Ptre-SnRK2.6b may play different biological roles; nonetheless, it requires in vivo confirmation. Surprisingly, the highest protein kinase activity against the Ptre-Rbohs was detected in the heterologous reaction with AT-SnRK2.6/OST1 which suggests that the discussed interactions are evolutionary conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Jakubowicz
- Department of Genome Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Witold Nowak
- Molecular Biology Techniques Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Łukasz Gałgański
- Molecular Biology Techniques Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Danuta Babula-Skowrońska
- Department of Environmental Stress Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland
| | - Piotr Kubiak
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627 Poznań, Poland
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16
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Buono RA, Hudecek R, Nowack MK. Plant proteases during developmental programmed cell death. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:2097-2112. [PMID: 30793182 PMCID: PMC7612330 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Proteases are among the key regulators of most forms of programmed cell death (PCD) in animals. Many PCD processes have also been associated with protease expression or activation in plants, However, functional evidence for the roles and actual modes of action of plant proteases in PCD remains surprisingly limited. In this review, we provide an update on protease involvement in the context of developmentally regulated plant PCD. To illustrate the diversity of protease functions, we focus on several prominent developmental PCD processes, including xylem and tapetum maturation, suspensor elimination, endosperm degradation, and seed coat formation, as well as plant senescence processes. Despite the substantial advances in the field, protease functions are often only correlatively linked to developmental PCD, and the specific molecular roles of proteases in many developmental PCD processes remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Andrade Buono
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roman Hudecek
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Moritz K. Nowack
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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17
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Wang H, Schippers JHM. The Role and Regulation of Autophagy and the Proteasome During Aging and Senescence in Plants. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10040267. [PMID: 30987024 PMCID: PMC6523301 DOI: 10.3390/genes10040267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging and senescence in plants has a major impact on agriculture, such as in crop yield, the value of ornamental crops, and the shelf life of vegetables and fruits. Senescence represents the final developmental phase of the leaf and inevitably results in the death of the organ. Still, the process is completely under the control of the plant. Plants use their protein degradation systems to maintain proteostasis and transport or salvage nutrients from senescing organs to develop reproductive parts. Herein, we present an overview of current knowledge about the main protein degradation pathways in plants during senescence: The proteasome and autophagy. Although both pathways degrade proteins, autophagy appears to prevent aging, while the proteasome functions as a positive regulator of senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Wang
- Institute of Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Jos H M Schippers
- Institute of Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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18
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Poret M, Chandrasekar B, van der Hoorn RAL, Déchaumet S, Bouchereau A, Kim TH, Lee BR, Macquart F, Hara-Nishimura I, Avice JC. A Genotypic Comparison Reveals That the Improvement in Nitrogen Remobilization Efficiency in Oilseed Rape Leaves Is Related to Specific Patterns of Senescence-Associated Protease Activities and Phytohormones. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:46. [PMID: 30778361 PMCID: PMC6369165 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is an oleoproteaginous crop characterized by low N use efficiency (NUE) that is mainly related to a weak Nitrogen Remobilization Efficiency (NRE) during the sequential leaf senescence of the vegetative stages. Based on the hypothesis that proteolysis efficiency is crucial for the improvement of leafNRE, our objective was to characterize key senescence-associated proteolytic mechanisms of two genotypes (Ténor and Samouraï) previously identified with contrasting NREs. To reach this goal, biochemical changes, protease activities and phytohormone patterns were studied in mature leaves undergoing senescence in two genotypes with contrasting NRE cultivated in a greenhouse under limiting or ample nitrate supply. The genotype with the higher NRE (Ténor) possessed enhanced senescence processes in response to nitrate limitation, and this led to greater degradation of soluble proteins compared to the other genotype (Samouraï). This efficient proteolysis is associated with (i) an increase in serine and cysteine protease (CP) activities and (ii) the appearance of new CP activities (RD21-like, SAG12-like, RD19-like, cathepsin-B, XBCP3-like and aleurain-like proteases) during senescence induced by N limitation. Compared to Samouraï, Ténor has a higher hormonal ratio ([salicylic acid] + [abscisic acid])/([cytokinins]) that promotes senescence, particularly under low N conditions, and this is correlated with the stronger protein degradation and serine/CP activities observed during senescence. Short statement: The improvement in N recycling during leaf senescence in a genotype of Brassica napus L. characterized by a high nitrogen remobilization efficiency is related to a high phytohormonal ratio ([salicylic acid] + [abscisic acid])/([cytokinins]) that promotes leaf senescence and is correlated with an increase or the induction of specific serine and cysteine protease activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Poret
- Université de Caen Normandie, UMR INRA–UCBN 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & Nutritions N.C.S., FED 4277 Normandie Végétal, Caen, France
| | - Balakumaran Chandrasekar
- Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Sylvain Déchaumet
- INRA, UMR 1349 Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Alain Bouchereau
- INRA, UMR 1349 Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Bok-Rye Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Flavien Macquart
- Université de Caen Normandie, UMR INRA–UCBN 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & Nutritions N.C.S., FED 4277 Normandie Végétal, Caen, France
| | - Ikuko Hara-Nishimura
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University Okamoto, Kobe, Japan
| | - Jean-Christophe Avice
- Université de Caen Normandie, UMR INRA–UCBN 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & Nutritions N.C.S., FED 4277 Normandie Végétal, Caen, France
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Zhuang W, Liu T, Qu S, Cai B, Qin Y, Zhang F, Wang Z. Identification of candidate genes for leaf scorch in Populus deltoids by the whole genome resequencing analysis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16416. [PMID: 30401919 PMCID: PMC6219557 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33739-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Leaf scorch exists as a common phenomenon in the development of plant, especially when plants encounter various adversities, which leads to great losses in agricultural production. Both Jinhong poplar (JHP) and Caihong poplar (CHP) (Populus deltoids) are obtained from a bud sport on Zhonghong poplar. Compared with CHP, JHP always exhibits leaf scorch, poor growth, premature leaf discoloration, and even death. In this study, the candidate genes associated with leaf scorch between JHP and CHP were identified by the whole genome resequencing using Illumina HiSeqTM. There were 218,880 polymorphic SNPs and 46,933 indels between JHP and CHP, respectively. Among these, the candidate genes carrying non-synonymous SNPs in coding regions were classified into 6 groups. The expression pattern of these candidate genes was also explored in JHP and CHP among different sampling stages. Combined with the qRT-PCR analysis, the results showed that genes associated with transport of various nutritional elements, senescence and MYB transcription factor might play important roles during the process of leaf scorch in Populus deltoids. Four genes belonging to these three groups carried more than three SNPs in their coding sequence, which might play important roles in leaf scorch. The above results provided candidate genes involved in leaf scorch in Populus deltoids, and made us better understand the molecular regulation mechanism of leaf scorch in Populus deltoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibing Zhuang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Tianyu Liu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shenchun Qu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Binhua Cai
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yalong Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Fengjiao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
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20
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Gutsch A, Zouaghi S, Renaut J, Cuypers A, Hausman JF, Sergeant K. Changes in the Proteome of Medicago sativa Leaves in Response to Long-Term Cadmium Exposure Using a Cell-Wall Targeted Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092498. [PMID: 30149497 PMCID: PMC6165176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of cadmium (Cd) shows a serious problem for the environment and poses a threat to plants. Plants employing various cellular and molecular mechanisms to limit Cd toxicity and alterations of the cell wall structure were observed upon Cd exposure. This study focuses on changes in the cell wall protein-enriched subproteome of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) leaves during long-term Cd exposure. Plants grew on Cd-contaminated soil (10 mg/kg dry weight (DW)) for an entire season. A targeted approach was used to sequentially extract cell wall protein-enriched fractions from the leaves and quantitative analyses were conducted with two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D DIGE) followed by protein identification with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight/time of flight (TOF/TOF) mass spectrometry. In 212 spots that showed a significant change in intensity upon Cd exposure a single protein was identified. Of these, 163 proteins are predicted to be secreted and involved in various physiological processes. Proteins of other subcellular localization were mainly chloroplastic and decreased in response to Cd, which confirms the Cd-induced disturbance of the photosynthesis. The observed changes indicate an active defence response against a Cd-induced oxidative burst and a restructuring of the cell wall, which is, however, different to what is observed in M. sativa stems and will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelie Gutsch
- Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, 4362 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
- Agoralaan building D, Hasselt University, Campus Diepenbeek, Centre for Environmental Science, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Salha Zouaghi
- Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, 4362 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
| | - Jenny Renaut
- Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, 4362 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
| | - Ann Cuypers
- Agoralaan building D, Hasselt University, Campus Diepenbeek, Centre for Environmental Science, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Jean-Francois Hausman
- Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, 4362 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
| | - Kjell Sergeant
- Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, 4362 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
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21
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Cooper JW, Hu Y, Beyyoudh L, Yildiz Dasgan H, Kunert K, Beveridge CA, Foyer CH. Strigolactones positively regulate chilling tolerance in pea and in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:1298-1310. [PMID: 29341173 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SL) fulfil important roles in plant development and stress tolerance. Here, we characterized the role of SL in the dark chilling tolerance of pea and Arabidopsis by analysis of mutants that are defective in either SL synthesis or signalling. Pea mutants (rms3, rms4, and rms5) had significantly greater shoot branching with higher leaf chlorophyll a/b ratios and carotenoid contents than the wild type. Exposure to dark chilling significantly decreased shoot fresh weights but increased leaf numbers in all lines. Moreover, dark chilling treatments decreased biomass (dry weight) accumulation only in rms3 and rms5 shoots. Unlike the wild type plants, chilling-induced inhibition of photosynthetic carbon assimilation was observed in the rms lines and also in the Arabidopsis max3-9, max4-1, and max2-1 mutants that are defective in SL synthesis or signalling. When grown on agar plates, the max mutant rosettes accumulated less biomass than the wild type. The synthetic SL, GR24, decreased leaf area in the wild type, max3-9, and max4-1 mutants but not in max2-1 in the absence of stress. In addition, a chilling-induced decrease in leaf area was observed in all the lines in the presence of GR24. We conclude that SL plays an important role in the control of dark chilling tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Cooper
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Yan Hu
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Leila Beyyoudh
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - H Yildiz Dasgan
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural Faculty, Cukurova University, Adana, 01330, Turkey
| | - Karl Kunert
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, Department Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hillcrest, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Christine A Beveridge
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Christine H Foyer
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK
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22
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Mattila H, Valev D, Havurinne V, Khorobrykh S, Virtanen O, Antinluoma M, Mishra KB, Tyystjärvi E. Degradation of chlorophyll and synthesis of flavonols during autumn senescence-the story told by individual leaves. AOB PLANTS 2018; 10:ply028. [PMID: 29977486 PMCID: PMC6007487 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/ply028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Autumn senescence of deciduous trees is characterized by chlorophyll degradation and flavonoid synthesis. In the present study, chlorophyll and flavonol contents were measured every morning and evening during the whole autumn with a non-destructive method from individual leaves of Sorbus aucuparia, Acer platanoides, Betula pendula and Prunus padus. In most of the studied trees, the chlorophyll content of each individual leaf remained constant until a phase of rapid degradation commenced. The fast phase lasted only ~1 week and ended with abscission. In S. aucuparia, contrary to the other species, the chlorophyll content of leaflets slowly but steadily decreased during the whole autumn, but rapid chlorophyll degradation commenced only prior to leaflet abscission also in this species. An increase in flavonols commonly accompanied the rapid degradation of chlorophyll. The results may suggest that each individual tree leaf retains its photosynthetic activity, reflected by a high chlorophyll content, until a rapid phase of chlorophyll degradation and flavonoid synthesis begins. Therefore, in studies of autumn senescence, leaves whose chlorophyll content is decreasing and leaves with summertime chlorophyll content (i.e. the leaves that have not yet started to degrade chlorophyll) should be treated separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heta Mattila
- Department of Biochemistry/Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Dimitar Valev
- Department of Biochemistry/Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Vesa Havurinne
- Department of Biochemistry/Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sergey Khorobrykh
- Department of Biochemistry/Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Virtanen
- Department of Biochemistry/Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mikko Antinluoma
- Department of Biochemistry/Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kumud B Mishra
- Global Change Research Institute, CAS, Bělidla, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Esa Tyystjärvi
- Department of Biochemistry/Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Corresponding author’s e-mail address:
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Babst BA, Coleman GD. Seasonal nitrogen cycling in temperate trees: Transport and regulatory mechanisms are key missing links. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 270:268-277. [PMID: 29576080 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient accumulation, one of the major ecosystem services provided by forests, is largely due to the accumulation and retention of nutrients in trees. This review focuses on seasonal cycling of nitrogen (N), often the most limiting nutrient in terrestrial ecosystems. When leaves are shed during autumn, much of the N may be resorbed and stored in the stem over winter, and then used for new stem and leaf growth in spring. A framework exists for understanding the metabolism and transport of N in leaves and stems during winter dormancy, but many of the underlying genes remain to be identified and/or verified. Transport of N during seasonal N cycling is a particularly weak link, since the physical pathways for loading and unloading of amino N to and from the phloem are poorly understood. Short-day photoperiod followed by decreasing temperatures are the environmental cues that stimulate dormancy induction, and nutrient remobilization and storage. However, beyond the involvement of phytochrome, very little is known about the signal transduction mechanisms that link environmental cues to nutrient remobilization and storage. We propose a model whereby nutrient transport and sensing plays a major role in source-sink transitions of leaves and stems during seasonal N cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Babst
- Arkansas Forest Resources Center, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas System, Monticello, AR 71656, USA; School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Arkansas at Monticello, Monticello, AR 71656, USA.
| | - Gary D Coleman
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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24
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Wu L, Wang S, Tian L, Wu L, Li M, Zhang J, Li P, Zhang W, Chen Y. Comparative proteomic analysis of the maize responses to early leaf senescence induced by preventing pollination. J Proteomics 2018; 177:75-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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25
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Wojciechowska N, Sobieszczuk-Nowicka E, Bagniewska-Zadworna A. Plant organ senescence - regulation by manifold pathways. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2018; 20:167-181. [PMID: 29178615 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Senescence is the final stage of plant ontogeny before death. Senescence may occur naturally because of age or may be induced by various endogenous and exogenous factors. Despite its destructive character, senescence is a precisely controlled process that follows a well-defined order. It is often inseparable from programmed cell death (PCD), and a correlation between these processes has been confirmed during the senescence of leaves and petals. Despite suggestions that senescence and PCD are two separate processes, with PCD occurring after senescence, cell death responsible for senescence is accompanied by numerous changes at the cytological, physiological and molecular levels, similar to other types of PCD. Independent of the plant organ analysed, these changes are focused on initiating the processes of cellular structural degradation via fluctuations in phytohormone levels and the activation of specific genes. Cellular structural degradation is genetically programmed and dependent on autophagy. Phytohormones/plant regulators are heavily involved in regulating the senescence of plant organs and can either promote [ethylene, abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), and polyamines (PAs)] or inhibit [cytokinins (CKs)] this process. Auxins and carbohydrates have been assigned a dual role in the regulation of senescence, and can both inhibit and stimulate the senescence process. In this review, we introduce the basic pathways that regulate senescence in plants and identify mechanisms involved in controlling senescence in ephemeral plant organs. Moreover, we demonstrate a universal nature of this process in different plant organs; despite this process occurring in organs that have completely different functions, it is very similar. Progress in this area is providing opportunities to revisit how, when and which way senescence is coordinated or decoupled by plant regulators in different organs and will provide a powerful tool for plant physiology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Wojciechowska
- Department of General Botany, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - E Sobieszczuk-Nowicka
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - A Bagniewska-Zadworna
- Department of General Botany, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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26
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Liu H, Hu M, Wang Q, Cheng L, Zhang Z. Role of Papain-Like Cysteine Proteases in Plant Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1717. [PMID: 30564252 PMCID: PMC6288466 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Papain-like cysteine proteases (PLCP) are prominent peptidases found in most living organisms. In plants, PLCPs was divided into nine subgroups based on functional and structural characterization. They are key enzymes in protein proteolysis and involved in numerous physiological processes. In this paper, we reviewed the updated achievements of physiological roles of plant PLCPs in germination, development, senescence, immunity, and stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Menghui Hu
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Zaibao Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
- *Correspondence: Zaibao Zhang,
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27
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Michelson IH, Ingvarsson PK, Robinson KM, Edlund E, Eriksson ME, Nilsson O, Jansson S. Autumn senescence in aspen is not triggered by day length. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2018; 162:123-134. [PMID: 28591431 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Autumn senescence in mature aspens, grown under natural conditions, is initiated at almost the same date every year. The mechanism of such precise timing is not understood but we have previously shown that the signal must be derived from light. We studied variation in bud set and autumn senescence in a collection of 116 natural Eurasian aspen (Populus tremula) genotypes, from 12 populations in Sweden and planted in one northern and one southern common garden, to test the hypothesis that onset of autumn senescence is triggered by day length. We confirmed that, although bud set seemed to be triggered by a critical photoperiod/day length, other factors may influence it. The data on initiation of autumn senescence, on the other hand, were incompatible with the trigger being the day length per se, hence the trigger must be some other light-dependent factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid H Michelson
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pär K Ingvarsson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kathryn M Robinson
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Erik Edlund
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Maria E Eriksson
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ove Nilsson
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stefan Jansson
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Proteomic Investigations of Proteases Involved in Cotyledon Senescence: A Model to Explore the Genotypic Variability of Proteolysis Machinery Associated with Nitrogen Remobilization Efficiency during the Leaf Senescence of Oilseed Rape. Proteomes 2017; 5:proteomes5040029. [PMID: 29099081 PMCID: PMC5748564 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes5040029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oilseed rape is characterized by a low nitrogen remobilization efficiency during leaf senescence, mainly due to a lack of proteolysis. Because cotyledons are subjected to senescence, it was hypothesized that contrasting protease activities between genotypes may be distinguishable early in the senescence of cotyledons. To verify this assumption, our goals were to (i) characterize protease activities in cotyledons between two genotypes with contrasting nitrogen remobilization efficiency (Ténor and Samouraï) under limiting or ample nitrate supply; and (ii) test the role of salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA) in proteolysis regulation. Protease activities were measured and identified by a proteomics approach combining activity-based protein profiling with LC-MS/MS. As in senescing leaves, chlorophyll and protein contents decrease in senescing cotyledons and are correlated with an increase in serine and cysteine protease activities. Two RD21-like and SAG-12 proteases previously associated with an efficient proteolysis in senescing leaves of Ténor are also detected in senescing cotyledons. The infiltration of ABA and SA provokes the induction of senescence and several cysteine and serine protease activities. The study of protease activities during the senescence of cotyledons seems to be a promising experimental model to investigate the regulation and genotypic variability of proteolysis associated with efficient N remobilization.
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29
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El Mannai Y, Akabane K, Hiratsu K, Satoh-Nagasawa N, Wabiko H. The NAC Transcription Factor Gene OsY37 (ONAC011) Promotes Leaf Senescence and Accelerates Heading Time in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2165. [PMID: 29039754 PMCID: PMC5666846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf senescence is an important physiological process involving the degradation of a number of metabolites and their remobilization to new reproductive and storage organs. NAC (NAM, ATAF, and CUC) transcription factors are reported as important regulators of the senescence process. Here, we describe the identification and functional characterization of the NAC transcription factor gene, OsY37 (Oryza sativa Yellow37, ONAC011) obtained from Oryza sativa cv. indica, and japonica. We created transgenic plants expressing the OsY37 gene under the control of a strong and constitutive CaMV35S promoter. The resulting transgenic plants overexpressing OsY37 gene showed early heading and precocious senescence phenotype of flag leaves compared with wild-type plants. By contrast, blocking the function of this gene via RNAi (RNA interference) and CRES-T (Chimeric Repressor Silencing Technology) technology, delayed both heading time and leaf senescence. Furthermore, knockdown of OsY37 expression caused dwarfism and high accumulation of chlorophyll during the vegetative phase. Irrespective of early or delayed senescence, transgenic plants showed reduced grain yields. Our results indicate that OsY37 acts as a positive regulator of heading and senescence during the reproductive phase in rice. In addition, OsY37 may be involved in plant development and grain yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousra El Mannai
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195, Japan.
| | - Kenta Akabane
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195, Japan.
| | - Keiichiro Hiratsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Defense Academy of Japan, Yokosuka 239-8686, Japan.
| | - Namiko Satoh-Nagasawa
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195, Japan.
| | - Hiroetsu Wabiko
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195, Japan.
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30
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Shen YH, Lu BG, Feng L, Yang FY, Geng JJ, Ming R, Chen XJ. Isolation of ripening-related genes from ethylene/1-MCP treated papaya through RNA-seq. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:671. [PMID: 28859626 PMCID: PMC5580268 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4072-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since papaya is a typical climacteric fruit, exogenous ethylene (ETH) applications can induce premature and quicker ripening, while 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) slows down the ripening processes. Differential gene expression in ETH or 1-MCP-treated papaya fruits accounts for the ripening processes. To isolate the key ripening-related genes and better understand fruit ripening mechanisms, transcriptomes of ETH or 1-MCP-treated, and non-treated (Control Group, CG) papaya fruits were sequenced using Illumina Hiseq2500. RESULTS A total of 18,648 (1-MCP), 19,093 (CG), and 15,321 (ETH) genes were detected, with the genes detected in the ETH-treatment being the least. This suggests that ETH may inhibit the expression of some genes. Based on the differential gene expression (DGE) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, 53 fruit ripening-related genes were selected: 20 cell wall-related genes, 18 chlorophyll and carotenoid metabolism-related genes, four proteinases and their inhibitors, six plant hormone signal transduction pathway genes, four transcription factors, and one senescence-associated gene. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analyses confirmed the results of RNA-seq and verified that the expression pattern of six genes is consistent with the fruit senescence process. Based on the expression profiling of genes in carbohydrate metabolic process, chlorophyll metabolism pathway, and carotenoid metabolism pathway, the mechanism of pulp softening and coloration of papaya was deduced and discussed. We illustrate that papaya fruit softening is a complex process with significant cell wall hydrolases, such as pectinases, cellulases, and hemicellulases involved in the process. Exogenous ethylene accelerates the coloration of papaya changing from green to yellow. This is likely due to the inhibition of chlorophyll biosynthesis and the α-branch of carotenoid metabolism. Chy-b may play an important role in the yellow color of papaya fruit. CONCLUSIONS Comparing the differential gene expression in ETH/1-MCP-treated papaya using RNA-seq is a sound approach to isolate ripening-related genes. The results of this study can improve our understanding of papaya fruit ripening molecular mechanism and reveal candidate fruit ripening-related genes for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hong Shen
- College of Horticulture, Fijian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 China
- Institute of Genetics and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 China
| | - Bing Guo Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350117 China
| | - Li Feng
- College of Horticulture, Fijian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 China
- Institute of Genetics and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 China
| | - Fei Ying Yang
- College of Horticulture, Fijian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 China
- Institute of Genetics and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 China
| | - Jiao Jiao Geng
- College of Horticulture, Fijian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 China
- Institute of Genetics and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 China
| | - Ray Ming
- FAFU and UIUC-SIB Joint Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 China
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801 USA
| | - Xiao Jing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Fijian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 China
- Institute of Genetics and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 China
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Roberts IN, Veliz CG, Criado MV, Signorini A, Simonetti E, Caputo C. Identification and expression analysis of 11 subtilase genes during natural and induced senescence of barley plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 211:70-80. [PMID: 28167368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Subtilases are one of the largest groups of the serine protease family and are involved in many aspects of plant development including senescence. In wheat, previous reports demonstrate an active participation of two senescence-induced subtilases, denominated P1 and P2, in nitrogen remobilization during whole plant senescence. The aim of the present study was to examine the participation of subtilases in senescence-associated proteolysis of barley leaves while comparing different senescence types. With this purpose, subtilase enzymatic activity, immunodetection with a heterologous antiserum and gene expression of 11 subtilase sequences identified in barley databases by homology to P1 were analyzed in barley leaves undergoing dark-induced or natural senescence at the vegetative or reproductive growth phase. Results showed that subtilase specific activity as well as two inmunoreactive bands representing putative subtilases increased in barley leaves submitted to natural and dark-induced senescence. Gene expression analysis showed that two of the eleven subtilase genes analyzed, HvSBT3 and HvSBT6, were up-regulated in all the senescence conditions tested while HvSBT2 was expressed and up-regulated only during dark-induced senescence. On the other hand, HvSBT1, HvSBT4 and HvSBT7 were down-regulated during senescence and two other subtilase genes (HvSBT10 and HvSBT11) showed no significant changes. The remaining subtilase genes were not detected. Results demonstrate an active participation of subtilases in protein degradation during dark-induced and natural leaf senescence of barley plants both at the vegetative and reproductive stage, and, based on their expression profile, postulate HvSBT3 and HvSBT6 as key components of senescence-associated proteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma N Roberts
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA), CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Cintia G Veliz
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA), CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Criado
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA), CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Signorini
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA), CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ester Simonetti
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA), CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carla Caputo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA), CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Pathirana R, West P, Hedderley D, Eason J. Cell death patterns in Arabidopsis cells subjected to four physiological stressors indicate multiple signalling pathways and cell cycle phase specificity. PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:635-647. [PMID: 27193098 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-016-0977-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Corpse morphology, nuclear DNA fragmentation, expression of senescence-associated genes (SAG) and cysteine protease profiles were investigated to understand cell death patterns in a cell cycle-synchronised Arabidopsis thaliana cell suspension culture treated with four physiological stressors in the late G2 phase. Within 4 h of treatment, polyethylene glycol (PEG, 20 %), mannose (100 mM) and hydrogen peroxide (2 mM) caused DNA fragmentation coinciding with cell permeability to Evans Blue (EB) and produced corpse morphology corresponding to apoptosis-like programmed cell death (AL-PCD) with cytoplasmic retraction from the cell wall. Ethylene (8 mL per 250-mL flask) caused permeability of cells to EB without concomitant nuclear DNA fragmentation and cytoplasmic retraction, suggesting necrotic cell death. Mannose inducing glycolysis block and PEG causing dehydration resulted in relatively similar patterns of upregulation of SAG suggesting similar cell death signalling pathways for these two stress factors, whereas hydrogen peroxide caused unique patterns indicating an alternate pathway for cell death induced by oxidative stress. Ethylene did not cause appreciable changes in SAG expression, confirming necrotic cell death. Expression of AtDAD, BoMT1 and AtSAG2 genes, previously shown to be associated with plant senescence, also changed rapidly during AL-PCD in cultured cells. The profiles of nine distinct cysteine protease-active bands ranging in size from ca. 21.5 to 38.5 kDa found in the control cultures were also altered after treatment with the four stressors, with mannose and PEG again producing similar patterns. Results also suggest that cysteine proteases may have a role in necrotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjith Pathirana
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Phillip West
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- NZ Avocado, Level 5 Harrington House, 32 Harington Street, Tauranga, 3110, New Zealand
| | - Duncan Hedderley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Jocelyn Eason
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Decker VHG, Bandau F, Gundale MJ, Cole CT, Albrectsen BR. Aspen phenylpropanoid genes' expression levels correlate with genets' tannin richness and vary both in responses to soil nitrogen and associations with phenolic profiles. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 37:270-279. [PMID: 27986954 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpw118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Condensed tannin (CT) contents of European aspen (Populus tremula L.) vary among genotypes, and increases in nitrogen (N) availability generally reduce plants' tannin production in favor of growth, through poorly understood mechanisms. We hypothesized that intrinsic tannin production rates may co-vary with gene expression responses to soil N and resource allocation within the phenylpropanoid pathway (PPP). Thus, we examined correlations between soil N levels and both expression patterns of eight PPP genes (measured by quantitative-reverse transcription PCR) and foliar phenolic compounds (measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry) in young aspen genets with intrinsically extreme CT levels. Monitored phenolics included salicinoids, lignins, flavones, flavonols, CT precursors and CTs. The PPP genes were consistently expressed more strongly in high-CT trees. Low N supplements reduced expression of genes throughout the PPP in all genets, while high N doses restored expression of genes at the beginning and end of the pathway. These PPP changes were not reflected in pools of tannin precursors, but varying correlations between gene expression and foliar phenolic pools were detected in young and mature leaves, suggesting that processes linking gene expression and the resulting phenolics vary spatially and temporally. Precursor fluxes suggested that CT-related metabolic rate or sink controls are linked to intrinsic carbon allocation strategies associated with N responses. Overall, we found more negative correlations (indicative of allocation trade-offs) between PPP gene expression and phenolic products following N additions in low-CT plants than in high-CT plants. The tannin-related expression dynamics suggest that, in addition to defense, relative tannin levels may also be indicative of intraspecific variations in the way aspen genets respond to soil fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki H G Decker
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, UmeåSE 90187, Sweden
| | - Franziska Bandau
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, UmeåSE 90187, Sweden
| | - Michael J Gundale
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, UmeåSE 90183, Sweden
| | - Christopher T Cole
- Division of Science and Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Morris, MN56267, USA
| | - Benedicte R Albrectsen
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, UmeåSE 90187, Sweden
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Pružinská A, Shindo T, Niessen S, Kaschani F, Tóth R, Millar AH, van der Hoorn RAL. Major Cys protease activities are not essential for senescence in individually darkened Arabidopsis leaves. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:4. [PMID: 28061816 PMCID: PMC5217659 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0955-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Papain-like Cys Proteases (PLCPs) and Vacuolar Processing Enzymes (VPEs) are amongst the most highly expressed proteases during leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. Using activity-based protein profiling (ABPP), a method that enables detection of active enzymes within a complex sample using chemical probes, the activities of PLCPs and VPEs were investigated in individually darkened leaves of Arabidopsis, and their role in senescence was tested in null mutants. RESULTS ABPP and mass spectrometry revealed an increased activity of several PLCPs, particularly RD21A and AALP. By contrast, despite increased VPE transcript levels, active VPE decreased in individually darkened leaves. Eight protease knock-out lines and two protease over expressing lines were subjected to senescence phenotype analysis to determine the importance of individual protease activities to senescence. Unexpectedly, despite the absence of dominating PLCP activities in these plants, the rubisco and chlorophyll decline in individually darkened leaves and the onset of whole plant senescence were unaltered. However, a significant delay in progression of whole plant senescence was observed in aalp-1 and rd21A-1/aalp-1 mutants, visible in the reduced number of senescent leaves. CONCLUSIONS Major Cys protease activities are not essential for dark-induced and developmental senescence and only a knock out line lacking AALP shows a slight but significant delay in plant senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Pružinská
- The Plant Chemetics laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
- The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Takayuki Shindo
- The Plant Chemetics laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sherry Niessen
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Center for Physiological Proteomics, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, 92037 California USA
| | - Farnusch Kaschani
- The Plant Chemetics laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Réka Tóth
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - A. Harvey Millar
- The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Renier A. L. van der Hoorn
- The Plant Chemetics laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
- The Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, OX1 3RB Oxford, UK
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Chrobok D, Law SR, Brouwer B, Lindén P, Ziolkowska A, Liebsch D, Narsai R, Szal B, Moritz T, Rouhier N, Whelan J, Gardeström P, Keech O. Dissecting the Metabolic Role of Mitochondria during Developmental Leaf Senescence. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 172:2132-2153. [PMID: 27744300 PMCID: PMC5129728 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The functions of mitochondria during leaf senescence, a type of programmed cell death aimed at the massive retrieval of nutrients from the senescing organ to the rest of the plant, remain elusive. Here, combining experimental and analytical approaches, we showed that mitochondrial integrity in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) is conserved until the latest stages of leaf senescence, while their number drops by 30%. Adenylate phosphorylation state assays and mitochondrial respiratory measurements indicated that the leaf energy status also is maintained during this time period. Furthermore, after establishing a curated list of genes coding for products targeted to mitochondria, we analyzed in isolation their transcript profiles, focusing on several key mitochondrial functions, such as the tricarboxylic acid cycle, mitochondrial electron transfer chain, iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis, transporters, as well as catabolic pathways. In tandem with a metabolomic approach, our data indicated that mitochondrial metabolism was reorganized to support the selective catabolism of both amino acids and fatty acids. Such adjustments would ensure the replenishment of α-ketoglutarate and glutamate, which provide the carbon backbones for nitrogen remobilization. Glutamate, being the substrate of the strongly up-regulated cytosolic glutamine synthase, is likely to become a metabolically limiting factor in the latest stages of developmental leaf senescence. Finally, an evolutionary age analysis revealed that, while branched-chain amino acid and proline catabolism are very old mitochondrial functions particularly enriched at the latest stages of leaf senescence, auxin metabolism appears to be rather newly acquired. In summation, our work shows that, during developmental leaf senescence, mitochondria orchestrate catabolic processes by becoming increasingly central energy and metabolic hubs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Chrobok
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, S-90187 Umea, Sweden (D.C., S.R.L., B.B., A.Z., D.L., P.G., O.K.)
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-90183 Umea, Sweden (P.L., T.M.)
- Department of Animal, Plant, and Soil Science, School of Life Science, Australian Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia (R.N., J.W.)
- Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw I, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland (B.S.); and
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136 Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Université de Lorraine/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, 54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France (N.R.)
| | - Simon R Law
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, S-90187 Umea, Sweden (D.C., S.R.L., B.B., A.Z., D.L., P.G., O.K.)
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-90183 Umea, Sweden (P.L., T.M.)
- Department of Animal, Plant, and Soil Science, School of Life Science, Australian Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia (R.N., J.W.)
- Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw I, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland (B.S.); and
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136 Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Université de Lorraine/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, 54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France (N.R.)
| | - Bastiaan Brouwer
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, S-90187 Umea, Sweden (D.C., S.R.L., B.B., A.Z., D.L., P.G., O.K.)
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-90183 Umea, Sweden (P.L., T.M.)
- Department of Animal, Plant, and Soil Science, School of Life Science, Australian Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia (R.N., J.W.)
- Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw I, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland (B.S.); and
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136 Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Université de Lorraine/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, 54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France (N.R.)
| | - Pernilla Lindén
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, S-90187 Umea, Sweden (D.C., S.R.L., B.B., A.Z., D.L., P.G., O.K.)
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-90183 Umea, Sweden (P.L., T.M.)
- Department of Animal, Plant, and Soil Science, School of Life Science, Australian Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia (R.N., J.W.)
- Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw I, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland (B.S.); and
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136 Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Université de Lorraine/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, 54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France (N.R.)
| | - Agnieszka Ziolkowska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, S-90187 Umea, Sweden (D.C., S.R.L., B.B., A.Z., D.L., P.G., O.K.)
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-90183 Umea, Sweden (P.L., T.M.)
- Department of Animal, Plant, and Soil Science, School of Life Science, Australian Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia (R.N., J.W.)
- Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw I, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland (B.S.); and
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136 Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Université de Lorraine/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, 54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France (N.R.)
| | - Daniela Liebsch
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, S-90187 Umea, Sweden (D.C., S.R.L., B.B., A.Z., D.L., P.G., O.K.)
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-90183 Umea, Sweden (P.L., T.M.)
- Department of Animal, Plant, and Soil Science, School of Life Science, Australian Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia (R.N., J.W.)
- Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw I, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland (B.S.); and
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136 Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Université de Lorraine/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, 54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France (N.R.)
| | - Reena Narsai
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, S-90187 Umea, Sweden (D.C., S.R.L., B.B., A.Z., D.L., P.G., O.K.)
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-90183 Umea, Sweden (P.L., T.M.)
- Department of Animal, Plant, and Soil Science, School of Life Science, Australian Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia (R.N., J.W.)
- Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw I, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland (B.S.); and
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136 Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Université de Lorraine/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, 54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France (N.R.)
| | - Bozena Szal
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, S-90187 Umea, Sweden (D.C., S.R.L., B.B., A.Z., D.L., P.G., O.K.)
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-90183 Umea, Sweden (P.L., T.M.)
- Department of Animal, Plant, and Soil Science, School of Life Science, Australian Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia (R.N., J.W.)
- Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw I, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland (B.S.); and
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136 Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Université de Lorraine/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, 54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France (N.R.)
| | - Thomas Moritz
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, S-90187 Umea, Sweden (D.C., S.R.L., B.B., A.Z., D.L., P.G., O.K.)
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-90183 Umea, Sweden (P.L., T.M.)
- Department of Animal, Plant, and Soil Science, School of Life Science, Australian Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia (R.N., J.W.)
- Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw I, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland (B.S.); and
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136 Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Université de Lorraine/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, 54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France (N.R.)
| | - Nicolas Rouhier
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, S-90187 Umea, Sweden (D.C., S.R.L., B.B., A.Z., D.L., P.G., O.K.)
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-90183 Umea, Sweden (P.L., T.M.)
- Department of Animal, Plant, and Soil Science, School of Life Science, Australian Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia (R.N., J.W.)
- Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw I, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland (B.S.); and
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136 Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Université de Lorraine/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, 54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France (N.R.)
| | - James Whelan
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, S-90187 Umea, Sweden (D.C., S.R.L., B.B., A.Z., D.L., P.G., O.K.)
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-90183 Umea, Sweden (P.L., T.M.)
- Department of Animal, Plant, and Soil Science, School of Life Science, Australian Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia (R.N., J.W.)
- Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw I, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland (B.S.); and
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136 Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Université de Lorraine/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, 54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France (N.R.)
| | - Per Gardeström
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, S-90187 Umea, Sweden (D.C., S.R.L., B.B., A.Z., D.L., P.G., O.K.)
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-90183 Umea, Sweden (P.L., T.M.)
- Department of Animal, Plant, and Soil Science, School of Life Science, Australian Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia (R.N., J.W.)
- Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw I, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland (B.S.); and
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136 Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Université de Lorraine/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, 54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France (N.R.)
| | - Olivier Keech
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, S-90187 Umea, Sweden (D.C., S.R.L., B.B., A.Z., D.L., P.G., O.K.);
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-90183 Umea, Sweden (P.L., T.M.);
- Department of Animal, Plant, and Soil Science, School of Life Science, Australian Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia (R.N., J.W.);
- Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw I, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland (B.S.); and
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136 Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Université de Lorraine/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, 54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France (N.R.)
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Diaz-Mendoza M, Velasco-Arroyo B, Santamaria ME, González-Melendi P, Martinez M, Diaz I. Plant senescence and proteolysis: two processes with one destiny. Genet Mol Biol 2016; 39:329-38. [PMID: 27505308 PMCID: PMC5004835 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2016-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescence-associated proteolysis in plants is a complex and controlled process,
essential for mobilization of nutrients from old or stressed tissues, mainly leaves,
to growing or sink organs. Protein breakdown in senescing leaves involves many
plastidial and nuclear proteases, regulators, different subcellular locations and
dynamic protein traffic to ensure the complete transformation of proteins of high
molecular weight into transportable and useful hydrolysed products. Protease
activities are strictly regulated by specific inhibitors and through the activation
of zymogens to develop their proteolytic activity at the right place and at the
proper time. All these events associated with senescence have deep effects on the
relocation of nutrients and as a consequence, on grain quality and crop yield. Thus,
it can be considered that nutrient recycling is the common destiny of two processes,
plant senescence and, proteolysis. This review article covers the most recent
findings about leaf senescence features mediated by abiotic and biotic stresses as
well as the participants and steps required in this physiological process, paying
special attention to C1A cysteine proteases, their specific inhibitors, known as
cystatins, and their potential targets, particularly the chloroplastic proteins as
source for nitrogen recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Diaz-Mendoza
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Velasco-Arroyo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Estrella Santamaria
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo González-Melendi
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Martinez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Diaz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Kim J, Woo HR, Nam HG. Toward Systems Understanding of Leaf Senescence: An Integrated Multi-Omics Perspective on Leaf Senescence Research. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:813-25. [PMID: 27174403 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is a complex but tightly regulated developmental process involving a coordinated sequence of multiple molecular events, which ultimately leads to death of the leaf. Efforts to understand the mechanistic principles underlying leaf senescence have been largely made by transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic studies over the past decade. This review focuses on recent milestones in leaf senescence research obtained using multi-omics technologies, as well as future endeavors toward systems understanding of leaf senescence processes. In particular, we discuss recent advances in understanding molecular events during leaf senescence through genome-wide transcriptome analyses in Arabidopsis. We also describe comparative transcriptome analyses used to unveil the commonality and diversity of regulatory mechanisms governing leaf senescence in the plant kingdom. Finally, we provide current illustrations of epigenomic, proteomic, and metabolomic landscapes of leaf senescence. We envisage that integration of multi-omics leaf senescence data will enable us to address unresolved questions regarding leaf senescence, including determining the molecular principles that coordinate concurrent and ordered changes in biological events during leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongsik Kim
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ryun Woo
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hong Gil Nam
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea; Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
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Poret M, Chandrasekar B, van der Hoorn RAL, Avice JC. Characterization of senescence-associated protease activities involved in the efficient protein remobilization during leaf senescence of winter oilseed rape. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 246:139-153. [PMID: 26993244 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is a crop plant characterized by a poor nitrogen (N) use efficiency that is mainly due to low N remobilization efficiency during the sequential leaf senescence of the vegetative stage. As a high leaf N remobilization efficiency was strongly linked to a high remobilization of proteins during leaf senescence of rapeseed, our objective was to identify senescence-associated protease activities implicated in the protein degradation. To reach this goal, leaf senescence processes and protease activities were investigated in a mature leaf becoming senescent in plants subjected to ample or low nitrate supply. The characterization of protease activities was performed by using in vitro analysis of RuBisCO degradation with or without inhibitors of specific protease classes followed by a protease activity profiling using activity-dependent probes. As expected, the mature leaf became senescent regardless of the nitrate treatment, and nitrate limitation enhanced the senescence processes associated with an enhanced degradation of soluble proteins. The characterization of protease activities revealed that: (i) aspartic proteases and the proteasome were active during senescence regardless of nitrate supply, and (ii) the activities of serine proteases and particularly cysteine proteases (Papain-like Cys proteases and vacuolar processing enzymes) increased when protein remobilization associated with senescence was accelerated by nitrate limitation. Short statement: Serine and particularly cysteine proteases (both PLCPs and VPEs) seem to play a crucial role in the efficient protein remobilization when leaf senescence of oilseed rape was accelerated by nitrate limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Poret
- Université de Caen Normandie, F-14032 Caen, France; UCBN, UMR INRA-UCBN 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & Nutritions N.C.S., F-14032 Caen, France; INRA, UMR INRA-UCBN 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & Nutritions N.C.S., F-14032 Caen, France.
| | - Balakumaran Chandrasekar
- The Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom; The Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linne Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Renier A L van der Hoorn
- The Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom.
| | - Jean-Christophe Avice
- Université de Caen Normandie, F-14032 Caen, France; UCBN, UMR INRA-UCBN 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & Nutritions N.C.S., F-14032 Caen, France; INRA, UMR INRA-UCBN 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & Nutritions N.C.S., F-14032 Caen, France.
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39
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Uzelac B, Janošević D, Simonović A, Motyka V, Dobrev PI, Budimir S. Characterization of natural leaf senescence in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants grown in vitro. PROTOPLASMA 2016; 253:259-75. [PMID: 25837009 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0802-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is a highly regulated final phase of leaf development preceding massive cell death. It results in the coordinated degradation of macromolecules and the subsequent nutrient relocation to other plant parts. Very little is still known about early stages of leaf senescence during normal leaf ontogeny that is not triggered by stress factors. This paper comprises an integrated study of natural leaf senescence in tobacco plants grown in vitro, using molecular, structural, and physiological information. We determined the time sequence of ultrastructural changes in mesophyll cells during leaf senescence, showing that the degradation of chloroplast ultrastructure fully correlated with changes in chlorophyll content. The earliest degenerative changes in chloroplast ultrastructure coinciding with early chromatin condensation were observed already in mature green leaves. A continuum of degradative changes in chloroplast ultrastructure, chromatin condensation and aggregation, along with progressive decrease in cytoplasm organization and electron density were observed in the course of mesophyll cells ageing. Although the total amounts of endogenous cytokinins gradually increased during leaf ontogenesis, the proportion of bioactive cytokinin forms, as well as their phosphate precursors, in total cytokinin content rapidly declined with ageing. Endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) levels were strongly reduced in senescent leaves, and a decreasing tendency was also observed for abscisic acid (ABA) levels. Senescence-associated tobacco cysteine proteases (CP, E.C. 3.4.22) CP1 and CP23 genes were induced in the initial phase of senescence. Genes encoding glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH, E.C. 1.4.1.2) and one isoform of cytosolic glutamine synthetase (GS1, E.C. 6.3.1.2) were induced in the late stage of senescence, while chloroplastic GS (GS2) gene showed a continuous decrease with leaf ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branka Uzelac
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Dušica Janošević
- Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden "Jevremovac", Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Takovska 43, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Simonović
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Václav Motyka
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojova 263, 16502, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petre I Dobrev
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojova 263, 16502, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Snežana Budimir
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, Serbia
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Kushwaha A, Rani R, Kumar S, Gautam A. Heavy metal detoxification and tolerance mechanisms in plants: Implications for phytoremediation. ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEWS 2016. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1139/er-2015-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals, such as cobalt, copper, manganese, molybdenum, and zinc, are essential in trace amounts for growth by plants and other living organisms. However, in excessive amounts these heavy metals have deleterious effects. Like other organisms, plants possess a variety of detoxification mechanisms to counter the harmful effects of heavy metals. These include the restriction of heavy metals by mycorrhizal association, binding with plant cell wall and root excretions, metal efflux from the plasma membrane, metal chelation by phytochelatins and metallothioneins, and compartmentalization within the vacuole. Phytoremediation is an emerging technology that uses plants and their associated rhizospheric microorganisms to remove pollutants from contaminated sites. This technology is inexpensive, efficient, and ecofriendly. This review focuses on potential cellular and molecular adaptations by plants that are necessary to tolerate heavy metal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Kushwaha
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Teliyar Ganj, Allahabad
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Teliyar Ganj, Allahabad
| | - Radha Rani
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Teliyar Ganj, Allahabad
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Teliyar Ganj, Allahabad
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Teliyar Ganj, Allahabad
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Teliyar Ganj, Allahabad
| | - Aishvarya Gautam
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Teliyar Ganj, Allahabad
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Teliyar Ganj, Allahabad
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Yu J, Zhang Y, Di C, Zhang Q, Zhang K, Wang C, You Q, Yan H, Dai SY, Yuan JS, Xu W, Su Z. JAZ7 negatively regulates dark-induced leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:751-62. [PMID: 26547795 PMCID: PMC4737072 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
JASMONATE ZIM-domain (JAZ) proteins play important roles in plant defence and growth by regulating jasmonate signalling. Through data mining, we discovered that the JAZ7 gene was up-regulated in darkness. In the dark, the jaz7 mutant displayed more severe leaf yellowing, quicker chlorophyll degradation, and higher hydrogen peroxide accumulation compared with wild-type (WT) plants. The mutant phenotype of dark-induced leaf senescence could be rescued in the JAZ7-complemented and -overexpression lines. Moreover, the double mutants of jaz7 myc2 and jaz7 coi1 exhibited delayed leaf senescence. We further employed GeneChip analysis to study the molecular mechanism. Some key genes down-regulated in the triple mutant myc2 myc3 myc4 were up-regulated in the jaz7 mutant under darkness. The Gene Ontology terms 'leaf senescence' and 'cell death' were significantly enriched in the differentially expressed genes. Combining the genetic and transcriptomic analyses together, we proposed a model whereby darkness can induce JAZ7, which might further block MYC2 to suppress dark-induced leaf senescence. In darkness, the mutation of JAZ7 might partially liberate MYC2/MYC3/MYC4 from suppression, leading the MYC proteins to bind to the G-box/G-box-like motifs in the promoters, resulting in the up-regulation of the downstream genes related to indole-glucosinolate biosynthesis, sulphate metabolism, callose deposition, and JA-mediated signalling pathways. In summary, our genetic and transcriptomic studies established the JAZ7 protein as an important regulator in dark-induced leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yixiang Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Chao Di
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Qunlian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Kang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Chunchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Qi You
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Hong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Susie Y Dai
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Joshua S Yuan
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Wenying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zhen Su
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
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Liu L. Ultramicroscopy reveals that senescence induces in-situ and vacuolar degradation of plastoglobules in aging watermelon leaves. Micron 2016; 80:135-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sundell D, Mannapperuma C, Netotea S, Delhomme N, Lin YC, Sjödin A, Van de Peer Y, Jansson S, Hvidsten TR, Street NR. The Plant Genome Integrative Explorer Resource: PlantGenIE.org. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 208:1149-56. [PMID: 26192091 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Accessing and exploring large-scale genomics data sets remains a significant challenge to researchers without specialist bioinformatics training. We present the integrated PlantGenIE.org platform for exploration of Populus, conifer and Arabidopsis genomics data, which includes expression networks and associated visualization tools. Standard features of a model organism database are provided, including genome browsers, gene list annotation, Blast homology searches and gene information pages. Community annotation updating is supported via integration of WebApollo. We have produced an RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) expression atlas for Populus tremula and have integrated these data within the expression tools. An updated version of the ComPlEx resource for performing comparative plant expression analyses of gene coexpression network conservation between species has also been integrated. The PlantGenIE.org platform provides intuitive access to large-scale and genome-wide genomics data from model forest tree species, facilitating both community contributions to annotation improvement and tools supporting use of the included data resources to inform biological insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sundell
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-907 81, Umeå, Sweden
- Computational Life Science Cluster (CLiC), Umeå University, SE-907 81, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Chanaka Mannapperuma
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-907 81, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sergiu Netotea
- Computational Life Science Cluster (CLiC), Umeå University, SE-907 81, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Delhomme
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-907 81, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Yao-Cheng Lin
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andreas Sjödin
- Computational Life Science Cluster (CLiC), Umeå University, SE-907 81, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-907 81, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Yves Van de Peer
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Genomics Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Hatfield Campus, 0028, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Stefan Jansson
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-907 81, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Torgeir R Hvidsten
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-907 81, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Nathaniel R Street
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-907 81, Umeå, Sweden
- Computational Life Science Cluster (CLiC), Umeå University, SE-907 81, Umeå, Sweden
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Xia X, Gui R, Yang H, Fu Y, Wei F, Zhou M. Identification of genes involved in color variation of bamboo culms by suppression subtractive hybridization. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 97:156-164. [PMID: 26473665 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Phyllostachys vivax cv. aureocaulis is a widely planted ornamental bamboo with evergreen leaves. This plant's culm exhibits a golden-yellow background color marked randomly with narrow and broad green stripes but is occasionally light green with yellow stripes. In this study, we attempt to identify the molecular mechanism underlying the color variation in striped culms. We found that neither stroma nor grana lamellas were observed in plastids in yellow tissue cells, while complete chloroplasts were observed in green tissue. In addition, chlorophyll a and b were mainly distributed in ground tissue under the epiderm and in the cells surrounding the bundle sheath in the green portion of internodes. The amount of chlorophyll contained in cross-sections of the green portion of culms is significantly higher than in the yellow portion. However, carotenoid was nearly undetectable in both samples. In addition, we found that the expression levels of 7 ESTs, including PvESTs-F641 (JZ893845), PvESTs-F681 (JZ893885) and PvESTs-F798 (JZ894002), were significantly higher in green samples than that in yellow samples, while PvESTs-R200 (JZ894906), PvESTs-R541 (JZ895247), PvESTs-R333 (JZ895039) and PvESTs-R266 (JZ894972) were found at a higher level in yellow samples. These ESTs are thought to play a role in this color variation in plants. Our current results indicate that insufficient photosynthetic membrane proteins and lipids in yellow tissue could lead to chloroplast dysfunction and could result in the yellow appearance on certain P. vivax cv. aureocaulis culms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwan Xia
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| | - Renyi Gui
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| | - Haiyun Yang
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| | - Ying Fu
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| | - Fang Wei
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| | - Mingbing Zhou
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
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Moy A, Le S, Verhoeven A. Different strategies for photoprotection during autumn senescence in maple and oak. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2015; 155:205-216. [PMID: 25656106 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
During autumn senescence, plants must disassemble the photosynthetic apparatus as nutrients are remobilized from the leaves. The goal of this study was to examine changes in relative abundance of photosynthetic proteins and pigments throughout autumn senescence in order to understand the mechanisms of photoprotection used during this process. We sampled leaves from two deciduous tree species [sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and swamp white oak (Quercus bicolor Willd.)] throughout autumn during 2010 and 2013. Chlorophyll fluorescence was measured, thylakoids were isolated for western blotting with antibodies to individual proteins and pigment content was assessed. Both species retained high photochemical efficiency until late autumn and showed earlier onset of degradation of photosystem I relative to photosystem II. The species differed in the timing and pattern of degradation of individual photosynthetic proteins and pigments. In maple, there were increases in anthocyanins, more rapid degradation of light-harvesting proteins and enrichment of xanthophyll cycle pigments in late autumn. In oak, light-harvesting proteins were retained in higher abundance throughout autumn, PsbS levels increased during early autumn and lutein was enriched in late autumn samples. The results suggest that the species differ in strategies for photoprotection during autumn senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Moy
- Department of Biology, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, MN, 55105, USA
| | - Sherry Le
- Department of Biology, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, MN, 55105, USA
| | - Amy Verhoeven
- Department of Biology, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, MN, 55105, USA
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Tang G, Li X, Lin L, Guo H, Li L. Combined effects of girdling and leaf removal on fluorescence characteristic of Alhagi sparsifolia leaf senescence. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2015; 17:980-9. [PMID: 25662611 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant senescence is largely influenced by carbohydrate content. In order to investigate the impact of carbohydrate content on leaf senescence and photosystem II (PSII) during the senescence process, phloem girdling (PG), leaf removal (LR) and a combination of phloem girdling and leaf removal (GR) were performed on Alhagi sparsifolia (Fabaceae) at the end of the growing season. The results showed that during senescence, leaf soluble sugar content, starch content, the energy absorbed by the unit reaction centre (ABS/RC) increased; whereas, leaf photosynthetic rate, photosynthetic pigment content, maximum photochemical efficiency (φPo ) and energy used by the acceptor site in electron transfer (ETo/RC) decreased. The degree of change was PG > GR > CK (control) > LR. The results of the present work implied that phloem girdling (PG) significantly accelerated leaf senescence, and that single leaf removal (LR) slightly delayed leaf senescence; although leaf removal significantly delayed the senescence process on the girdled leaf (GR). Natural or delayed senescence only slightly inhibited the acceptor site of PSII and did not damage the donor site of PSII. On the other hand, induced senescence not only damaged the donor site of PSII (e.g. oxygen-evolving complex), but also significantly inhibited the acceptor site of PSII. In addition, leaf senescence led to an increase in the energy absorbed by the unit reaction centre (ABS/RC), which subsequently resulted in increasing excitation pressure in the reaction centre (DIo/RC), as well as additional saved Car for absorbing residual light energy and quenching reactive oxygen species during senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Zone, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - X Li
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Zone, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - L Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Zone, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - H Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Zone, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - L Li
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Zone, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
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Rauch C, Vries JD, Rommel S, Rose LE, Woehle C, Christa G, Laetz EM, Wägele H, Tielens AGM, Nickelsen J, Schumann T, Jahns P, Gould SB. Why It Is Time to Look Beyond Algal Genes in Photosynthetic Slugs. Genome Biol Evol 2015; 7:2602-7. [PMID: 26319575 PMCID: PMC4607529 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evv173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic organelles depend on nuclear genes to perpetuate their biochemical integrity. This is true for mitochondria in all eukaryotes and plastids in plants and algae. Then how do kleptoplasts, plastids that are sequestered by some sacoglossan sea slugs, survive in the animals’ digestive gland cells in the absence of the algal nucleus encoding the vast majority of organellar proteins? For almost two decades, lateral gene transfer (LGT) from algae to slugs appeared to offer a solution, but RNA-seq analysis, later supported by genome sequencing of slug DNA, failed to find any evidence for such LGT events. Yet, isolated reports continue to be published and are readily discussed by the popular press and social media, making the data on LGT and its support for kleptoplast longevity appear controversial. However, when we take a sober look at the methods used, we realize that caution is warranted in how the results are interpreted. There is no evidence that the evolution of kleptoplasty in sea slugs involves LGT events. Based on what we know about photosystem maintenance in embryophyte plastids, we assume kleptoplasts depend on nuclear genes. However, studies have shown that some isolated algal plastids are, by nature, more robust than those of land plants. The evolution of kleptoplasty in green sea slugs involves many promising and unexplored phenomena, but there is no evidence that any of these require the expression of slug genes of algal origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cessa Rauch
- Molecular Evolution, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jan de Vries
- Molecular Evolution, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sophie Rommel
- Population Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Laura E Rose
- Population Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Woehle
- Institut für Allgemeine Mikrobiologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität ZMB, Am Botanischen Garten, Kiel, Germany
| | - Gregor Christa
- Molecular Evolution, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Elise M Laetz
- Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany
| | - Heike Wägele
- Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany
| | - Aloysius G M Tielens
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tobias Schumann
- Plant Biochemistry and Stress Physiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Jahns
- Plant Biochemistry and Stress Physiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sven B Gould
- Molecular Evolution, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
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48
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Jin S, Sun D, Wang J, Li Y, Wang X, Liu S. Expression of the rgMT gene, encoding for a rice metallothionein-like protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Arabidopsis thaliana. J Genet 2015; 93:709-18. [PMID: 25572229 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-014-0430-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are cysteine-rich proteins of low molecular weight with many attributed functions, such as providing protection against metal toxicity, being involved in regulation of metal ions uptake that can impact plant physiology and providing protection against oxidative stress. However, the precise function of the metallothionein-like proteins such as the one coded for rgMT gene isolated from rice (Oryza sativa L.) is not completely understood. The whole genome analysis of rice (O. sativa) showed that the rgMT gene is homologue to the Os11g47809 on chromosome 11 of O. sativa sp. japonica genome. This study used the rgMT coding sequence to create transgenic lines to investigate the subcellular localization of the protein, as well as the impact of gene expression in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and Arabidopsis thaliana under heavy metal ion, salt and oxidative stresses. The results indicate that the rgMT gene was expressed in the cytoplasm of transgenic cells. Yeast cells transgenic for rgMT showed vigorous growth compared to the nontransgenic controls when exposed to 7 mM CuCl2, 10 mM FeCl2, 1 M NaCl, 24 mM NaHCO3 and 3.2 mM H2O2, but there was no significant difference for other stresses tested. Similarly, Arabidopsis transgenic for rgMT displayed significantly improved seed germination rates over that of the control when the seeds were stressed with 100 μM CuCl2 or 1 mM H2O2. Increased biomass was observed in the presence of 100 μM CuCl2, 220 μM FeCl2, 3 mM Na2CO3, 5 mM NaHCO3 or 1 mM H2O2. These results indicate that the expression of the rice rgMT gene in transgenic yeast and Arabidopsis is implicated in improving their tolerance for certain salt and peroxide stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field (SAVER),Ministry of Education, Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center (ASNESC), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China.
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Pottier M, García de la Torre VS, Victor C, David LC, Chalot M, Thomine S. Genotypic variations in the dynamics of metal concentrations in poplar leaves: a field study with a perspective on phytoremediation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 199:73-82. [PMID: 25622297 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Poplar is commonly used for phytoremediation of metal polluted soils. However, the high concentrations of trace elements present in leaves may return to soil upon leaf abscission. To investigate the mechanisms controlling leaf metal content, metal concentrations and expression levels of genes involved in metal transport were monitored at different developmental stages on leaves from different poplar genotypes growing on a contaminated field. Large differences in leaf metal concentrations were observed among genotypes. Whereas Mg was remobilized during senescence, Zn and Cd accumulation continued until leaf abscission in all genotypes. A positive correlation between Natural Resistance Associated Macrophage Protein 1 (NRAMP1) expression levels and Zn bio-concentration factors was observed. Principal component analyses of metal concentrations and gene expression levels clearly discriminated poplar genotypes. This study highlights a general absence of trace element remobilization from poplar leaves despite genotype specificities in the control of leaf metal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Pottier
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences du Végétal, UPR 2355, Saclay Plant Sciences, Avenue de la Terrasse, Bât 23A, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
| | - Vanesa S García de la Torre
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 115-bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cindy Victor
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences du Végétal, UPR 2355, Saclay Plant Sciences, Avenue de la Terrasse, Bât 23A, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Laure C David
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences du Végétal, UPR 2355, Saclay Plant Sciences, Avenue de la Terrasse, Bât 23A, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Michel Chalot
- Université de Franche-Comté, Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, 4 place Tharradin, BP 71427, 25 211 Montbeliard, France; Université de Lorraine, Faculté des Sciences & Technologies, 54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy cedex, France
| | - Sébastien Thomine
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences du Végétal, UPR 2355, Saclay Plant Sciences, Avenue de la Terrasse, Bât 23A, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France
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Paul A, Jha A, Bhardwaj S, Singh S, Shankar R, Kumar S. RNA-seq-mediated transcriptome analysis of actively growing and winter dormant shoots identifies non-deciduous habit of evergreen tree tea during winters. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5932. [PMID: 25090269 PMCID: PMC4123203 DOI: 10.1038/srep05932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] is a perennial tree which undergoes winter dormancy and unlike deciduous trees, the species does not shed its leaves during winters. The present work dissected the molecular processes operating in the leaves during the period of active growth and winter dormancy through transcriptome analysis to understand a long-standing question: why should tea be a non-deciduous species? Analyses of 24,700 unigenes obtained from 57,767 primarily assembled transcripts showed (i) operation of mechanisms of winter tolerance, (ii) down-regulation of genes involved in growth, development, protein synthesis and cell division, and (iii) inhibition of leaf abscission due to modulation of senescence related processes during winter dormancy in tea. These senescence related processes exhibited modulation to favour leaf abscission (i) in deciduous Populustremula during winters, and (ii) also in tea but under osmotic stress during which leaves also abscise. These results validated the relevance of the identified senescence related processes for leaf abscission and suggested their operation when in need in tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asosii Paul
- 1] Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, P.O. Box No. 6, Palampur-176061, Himachal Pradesh, India [2] [3]
| | - Ashwani Jha
- 1] Studio of Computational Biology &Bioinformatics, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, P.O. Box No. 6, Palampur-176061, Himachal Pradesh, India [2]
| | - Shruti Bhardwaj
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, P.O. Box No. 6, Palampur-176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sewa Singh
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, P.O. Box No. 6, Palampur-176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Shankar
- Studio of Computational Biology &Bioinformatics, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, P.O. Box No. 6, Palampur-176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, P.O. Box No. 6, Palampur-176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
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