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Baker CR, Cocuron JC, Alonso AP, Niyogi KK. Time-resolved systems analysis of the induction of high photosynthetic capacity in Arabidopsis during acclimation to high light. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:2335-2352. [PMID: 37849025 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Induction of high photosynthetic capacity is a key acclimation response to high light (HL) for many herbaceous dicot plants; however, the signaling pathways that control this response remain largely unknown. Here, a systems biology approach was utilized to characterize the induction of high photosynthetic capacity in strongly and weakly acclimating Arabidopsis thaliana accessions. Plants were grown for 5 wk in a low light (LL) regime, and time-resolved photosynthetic physiological, metabolomic, and transcriptomic responses were measured during subsequent exposure to HL. The induction of high nitrogen (N) assimilation rates early in the HL shift was strongly predictive of the induction of photosynthetic capacity later in the HL shift. Accelerated N assimilation rates depended on the mobilization of existing organic acid (OA) reserves and increased de novo OA synthesis during the induction of high photosynthetic capacity. Enhanced sucrose biosynthesis capacity increased in tandem with the induction of high photosynthetic capacity, and increased starch biosynthetic capacity was balanced by increased starch catabolism. This systems analysis supports a model in which the efficient induction of N assimilation early in the HL shift begins the cascade of events necessary for the induction of high photosynthetic capacity acclimation in HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Baker
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3102, USA
| | | | - Ana Paula Alonso
- BioAnalytical Facility, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76201, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76201, USA
| | - Krishna K Niyogi
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3102, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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2
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Han SY, Kim WY, Kim JS, Hwang I. Comparative transcriptomics reveals the role of altered energy metabolism in the establishment of single-cell C 4 photosynthesis in Bienertia sinuspersici. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1202521. [PMID: 37476170 PMCID: PMC10354284 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1202521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell C4 photosynthesis (SCC4) in terrestrial plants without Kranz anatomy involves three steps: initial CO2 fixation in the cytosol, CO2 release in mitochondria, and a second CO2 fixation in central chloroplasts. Here, we investigated how the large number of mechanisms underlying these processes, which occur in three different compartments, are orchestrated in a coordinated manner to establish the C4 pathway in Bienertia sinuspersici, a SCC4 plant. Leaves were subjected to transcriptome analysis at three different developmental stages. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that SCC4 cycle genes are coexpressed with genes regulating cyclic electron flow and amino/organic acid metabolism, two key processes required for the production of energy molecules in C3 plants. Comparative gene expression profiling of B. sinuspersici and three other species (Suaeda aralocaspica, Amaranthus hypochondriacus, and Arabidopsis thaliana) showed that the direction of metabolic flux was determined via an alteration in energy supply in peripheral chloroplasts and mitochondria via regulation of gene expression in the direction of the C4 cycle. Based on these results, we propose that the redox homeostasis of energy molecules via energy metabolism regulation is key to the establishment of the SCC4 pathway in B. sinuspersici.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yun Han
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Woe-Yeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21+) and Research Institute of Life Science, Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Sun Kim
- Genomic Division, Department of Agricultural Bio-Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhwan Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
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3
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Nymark M, Finazzi G, Volpe C, Serif M, Fonseca DDM, Sharma A, Sanchez N, Sharma AK, Ashcroft F, Kissen R, Winge P, Bones AM. Loss of CpFTSY Reduces Photosynthetic Performance and Affects Insertion of PsaC of PSI in Diatoms. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:583-603. [PMID: 36852859 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The chloroplast signal recognition particle (CpSRP) receptor (CpFTSY) is a component of the CpSRP pathway that post-translationally targets light-harvesting complex proteins (LHCPs) to the thylakoid membranes in plants and green algae containing chloroplasts derived from primary endosymbiosis. In plants, CpFTSY also plays a major role in the co-translational incorporation of chloroplast-encoded subunits of photosynthetic complexes into the thylakoids. This role has not been demonstrated in green algae. So far, its function in organisms with chloroplasts derived from secondary endosymbiotic events has not been elucidated. Here, we report the generation and characterization of mutants lacking CpFTSY in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. We found that this protein is not involved in inserting LHCPs into thylakoid membranes, indicating that the post-translational part of the CpSRP pathway is not active in this group of microalgae. The lack of CpFTSY caused an increased level of photoprotection, low electron transport rates, inefficient repair of photosystem II (PSII), reduced growth, a strong decline in the PSI subunit PsaC and upregulation of proteins that might compensate for a non-functional co-translational CpSRP pathway during light stress conditions. The phenotype was highly similar to the one described for diatoms lacking another component of the co-translational CpSRP pathway, the CpSRP54 protein. However, in contrast to cpsrp54 mutants, only one thylakoid membrane protein, PetD of the Cytb6f complex, was downregulated in cpftsy. Our results point to a minor role for CpFTSY in the co-translational CpSRP pathway, suggesting that other mechanisms may partially compensate for the effect of a disrupted CpSRP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Nymark
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
- Department of Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, Trondheim 7010, Norway
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Cell & Plant Physiology Laboratory, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, IRIG, LPCV, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Charlotte Volpe
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
- Department of Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, Trondheim 7010, Norway
| | - Manuel Serif
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
| | - Davi de Miranda Fonseca
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
- Proteomics and Modomics Experimental Core Facility (PROMEC), NTNU and Central Administration, St. Olavs Hospital, The University Hospital in Trondheim, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
| | - Animesh Sharma
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
- Proteomics and Modomics Experimental Core Facility (PROMEC), NTNU and Central Administration, St. Olavs Hospital, The University Hospital in Trondheim, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
| | - Nicolas Sanchez
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
| | - Amit Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
| | - Felicity Ashcroft
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
| | - Ralph Kissen
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
| | - Per Winge
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
| | - Atle Magnar Bones
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
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4
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Wang F, Dischinger K, Westrich LD, Meindl I, Egidi F, Trösch R, Sommer F, Johnson X, Schroda M, Nickelsen J, Willmund F, Vallon O, Bohne AV. One-helix protein 2 is not required for the synthesis of photosystem II subunit D1 in Chlamydomonas. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:1612-1633. [PMID: 36649171 PMCID: PMC10022639 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In land plants and cyanobacteria, co-translational association of chlorophyll (Chl) to the nascent D1 polypeptide, a reaction center protein of photosystem II (PSII), requires a Chl binding complex consisting of a short-chain dehydrogenase (high chlorophyll fluorescence 244 [HCF244]/uncharacterized protein 39 [Ycf39]) and one-helix proteins (OHP1 and OHP2 in chloroplasts) of the light-harvesting antenna complex superfamily. Here, we show that an ohp2 mutant of the green alga Chlamydomonas (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) fails to accumulate core PSII subunits, in particular D1 (encoded by the psbA mRNA). Extragenic suppressors arose at high frequency, suggesting the existence of another route for Chl association to PSII. The ohp2 mutant was complemented by the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ortholog. In contrast to land plants, where psbA translation is prevented in the absence of OHP2, ribosome profiling experiments showed that the Chlamydomonas mutant translates the psbA transcript over its full length. Pulse labeling suggested that D1 is degraded during or immediately after translation. The translation of other PSII subunits was affected by assembly-controlled translational regulation. Proteomics showed that HCF244, a translation factor which associates with and is stabilized by OHP2 in land plants, still partly accumulates in the Chlamydomonas ohp2 mutant, explaining the persistence of psbA translation. Several Chl biosynthesis enzymes overaccumulate in the mutant membranes. Partial inactivation of a D1-degrading protease restored a low level of PSII activity in an ohp2 background, but not photoautotrophy. Taken together, our data suggest that OHP2 is not required for psbA translation in Chlamydomonas, but is necessary for D1 stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Molecular Plant Sciences, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
- UMR 7141, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris 75005, France
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | | | - Lisa Désirée Westrich
- Molecular Genetics of Eukaryotes, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Irene Meindl
- Molecular Plant Sciences, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Felix Egidi
- Molecular Plant Sciences, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Raphael Trösch
- Molecular Genetics of Eukaryotes, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Frederik Sommer
- Molecular Biotechnology and Systems Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Xenie Johnson
- UMR 7141, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris 75005, France
| | - Michael Schroda
- Molecular Biotechnology and Systems Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Joerg Nickelsen
- Molecular Plant Sciences, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Felix Willmund
- Molecular Genetics of Eukaryotes, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Olivier Vallon
- UMR 7141, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris 75005, France
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5
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Knoppová J, Sobotka R, Yu J, Bečková M, Pilný J, Trinugroho JP, Csefalvay L, Bína D, Nixon PJ, Komenda J. Assembly of D1/D2 complexes of photosystem II: Binding of pigments and a network of auxiliary proteins. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:790-804. [PMID: 35134246 PMCID: PMC9157124 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) is the multi-subunit light-driven oxidoreductase that drives photosynthetic electron transport using electrons extracted from water. To investigate the initial steps of PSII assembly, we used strains of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 arrested at early stages of PSII biogenesis and expressing affinity-tagged PSII subunits to isolate PSII reaction center assembly (RCII) complexes and their precursor D1 and D2 modules (D1mod and D2mod). RCII preparations isolated using either a His-tagged D2 or a FLAG-tagged PsbI subunit contained the previously described RCIIa and RCII* complexes that differ with respect to the presence of the Ycf39 assembly factor and high light-inducible proteins (Hlips) and a larger complex consisting of RCIIa bound to monomeric PSI. All RCII complexes contained the PSII subunits D1, D2, PsbI, PsbE, and PsbF and the assembly factors rubredoxin A and Ycf48, but we also detected PsbN, Slr1470, and the Slr0575 proteins, which all have plant homologs. The RCII preparations also contained prohibitins/stomatins (Phbs) of unknown function and FtsH protease subunits. RCII complexes were active in light-induced primary charge separation and bound chlorophylls (Chls), pheophytins, beta-carotenes, and heme. The isolated D1mod consisted of D1/PsbI/Ycf48 with some Ycf39 and Phb3, while D2mod contained D2/cytochrome b559 with co-purifying PsbY, Phb1, Phb3, FtsH2/FtsH3, CyanoP, and Slr1470. As stably bound, Chl was detected in D1mod but not D2mod, formation of RCII appears to be important for stable binding of most of the Chls and both pheophytins. We suggest that Chl can be delivered to RCII from either monomeric Photosystem I or Ycf39/Hlips complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Knoppová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Třeboň 37901, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Sobotka
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Třeboň 37901, Czech Republic
| | - Jianfeng Yu
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Martina Bečková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Třeboň 37901, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pilný
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Třeboň 37901, Czech Republic
| | - Joko P Trinugroho
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ladislav Csefalvay
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Třeboň 37901, Czech Republic
| | - David Bína
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Peter J Nixon
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Josef Komenda
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Třeboň 37901, Czech Republic
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6
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Trösch R, Ries F, Westrich LD, Gao Y, Herkt C, Hoppstädter J, Heck-Roth J, Mustas M, Scheuring D, Choquet Y, Räschle M, Zoschke R, Willmund F. Fast and global reorganization of the chloroplast protein biogenesis network during heat acclimation. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:1075-1099. [PMID: 34958373 PMCID: PMC8894945 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is a central determinant of plant biomass production, but its homeostasis is increasingly challenged by heat. Little is known about the sensitive regulatory principles involved in heat acclimation that underly the biogenesis and repair of chloroplast-encoded core subunits of photosynthetic complexes. Employing time-resolved ribosome and transcript profiling together with selective ribosome proteomics, we systematically deciphered these processes in chloroplasts of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. We revealed protein biosynthesis and altered translation elongation as central processes for heat acclimation and showed that these principles are conserved between the alga and the flowering plant Nicotiana tabacum. Short-term heat exposure resulted in specific translational repression of chlorophyll a-containing core antenna proteins of photosystems I and II. Furthermore, translocation of ribosome nascent chain complexes to thylakoid membranes was affected, as reflected by the increased accumulation of stromal cpSRP54-bound ribosomes. The successful recovery of synthesizing these proteins under prolonged acclimation of nonlethal heat conditions was associated with specific changes of the co-translational protein interaction network, including increased ribosome association of chlorophyll biogenesis enzymes and acclimation factors responsible for complex assembly. We hypothesize that co-translational cofactor binding and targeting might be bottlenecks under heat but become optimized upon heat acclimation to sustain correct co-translational protein complex assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Trösch
- Molecular Genetics of Eukaryotes, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Fabian Ries
- Molecular Genetics of Eukaryotes, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Lisa Désirée Westrich
- Molecular Genetics of Eukaryotes, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Yang Gao
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Claudia Herkt
- Molecular Genetics of Eukaryotes, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Julia Hoppstädter
- Molecular Genetics of Eukaryotes, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Johannes Heck-Roth
- Molecular Genetics of Eukaryotes, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Matthieu Mustas
- Biologie du Chloroplaste et Perception de la Lumieère Chez les Microalgues, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR CNRS/UPMC, Paris 7141, France
| | - David Scheuring
- Plant Pathology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Yves Choquet
- Biologie du Chloroplaste et Perception de la Lumieère Chez les Microalgues, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR CNRS/UPMC, Paris 7141, France
| | - Markus Räschle
- Molecular Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Reimo Zoschke
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Felix Willmund
- Molecular Genetics of Eukaryotes, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
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Maeda H, Takahashi K, Ueno Y, Sakata K, Yokoyama A, Yarimizu K, Myouga F, Shinozaki K, Ozawa SI, Takahashi Y, Tanaka A, Ito H, Akimoto S, Takabayashi A, Tanaka R. Characterization of photosystem II assembly complexes containing ONE-HELIX PROTEIN1 in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2022; 135:361-376. [PMID: 35146632 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-022-01376-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The assembly process of photosystem II (PSII) requires several auxiliary proteins to form assembly intermediates. In plants, early assembly intermediates comprise D1 and D2 subunits of PSII together with a few auxiliary proteins including at least ONE-HELIX PROTEIN1 (OHP1), OHP2, and HIGH-CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE 244 (HCF244) proteins. Herein, we report the basic characterization of the assembling intermediates, which we purified from Arabidopsis transgenic plants overexpressing a tagged OHP1 protein and named the OHP1 complexes. We analyzed two major forms of OHP1 complexes by mass spectrometry, which revealed that the complexes consist of OHP1, OHP2, and HCF244 in addition to the PSII subunits D1, D2, and cytochrome b559. Analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence showed that a major form of the complex binds chlorophyll a and carotenoids and performs quenching with a time constant of 420 ps. To identify the localization of the auxiliary proteins, we solubilized thylakoid membranes using a digitonin derivative, glycodiosgenin, and separated them into three fractions by ultracentrifugation, and detected these proteins in the loose pellet containing the stroma lamellae and the grana margins together with two chlorophyll biosynthesis enzymes. The results indicated that chlorophyll biosynthesis and assembly may take place in the same compartments of thylakoid membranes. Inducible suppression of the OHP2 mRNA substantially decreased the OHP2 protein in mature Arabidopsis leaves without a significant reduction in the maximum quantum yield of PSII under low-light conditions, but it compromised the yields under high-light conditions. This implies that the auxiliary protein is required for acclimation to high-light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaki Maeda
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, N19W8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
| | - Koharu Takahashi
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, N19W8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Ueno
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657‑8501, Japan
| | - Kei Sakata
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, N19W8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
| | - Akari Yokoyama
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, N19W8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
| | - Kozue Yarimizu
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, N19W8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
| | - Fumiyoshi Myouga
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kazuo Shinozaki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Ozawa
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Takahashi
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Ayumi Tanaka
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, N19W8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
| | - Hisashi Ito
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, N19W8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
| | - Seiji Akimoto
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657‑8501, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takabayashi
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, N19W8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
| | - Ryouichi Tanaka
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, N19W8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan.
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8
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Lamelas L, Valledor L, López-Hidalgo C, Cañal MJ, Meijón M. Nucleus and chloroplast: A necessary understanding to overcome heat stress in Pinus radiata. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:446-458. [PMID: 34855991 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The recovery and maintenance of plant homeostasis under stressful environments are complex processes involving organelle crosstalk for a coordinated cellular response. Here, we revealed through nuclear and chloroplast subcellular proteomics, biochemical cell profiles and targeted transcriptomics how chloroplasts and nuclei developed their responses under increased temperatures in a long-lived species (Pinus radiata). Parallel to photosynthetic impairment and reactive oxygen species production in the chloroplast, a DNA damage response was triggered in the nucleus followed by an altered chromatin conformation. In addition, in the nuclei, we found several proteins, such as HEMERA or WHIRLY, which change their locations from the chloroplasts to the nuclei carrying the stress message. Additionally, our data showed a deep rearrangement of RNA metabolism in both organelles, revealing microRNAs and AGO1 as potential regulators of the acclimation mechanisms. Altogether, our study highlights the synchronisation among the different stages required for thermotolerance acquisition in P. radiata, pointing out the role of chromatin conformation and posttranscriptional gene regulation in overcoming heat stress and assuring plant survival for the following years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lamelas
- Plant Physiology, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, University of Oviedo, Biotechnology Institute of Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Luis Valledor
- Plant Physiology, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, University of Oviedo, Biotechnology Institute of Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Cristina López-Hidalgo
- Plant Physiology, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, University of Oviedo, Biotechnology Institute of Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - María Jesús Cañal
- Plant Physiology, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, University of Oviedo, Biotechnology Institute of Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Mónica Meijón
- Plant Physiology, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, University of Oviedo, Biotechnology Institute of Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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9
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Torres-Romero D, Gómez-Zambrano Á, Serrato AJ, Sahrawy M, Mérida Á. Arabidopsis fibrillin 1-2 subfamily members exert their functions via specific protein-protein interactions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:903-914. [PMID: 34651644 PMCID: PMC8793873 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Fibrillins (FBNs) are plastidial proteins found in photosynthetic organisms from cyanobacteria to higher plants. The function of most FBNs remains unknown. Here, we focused on members of the FBN subgroup comprising FBN1a, FBN1b, and FBN2. We show that these three polypeptides interact between each other, potentially forming a network around the plastoglobule surface. Both FBN2 and FBN1s interact with allene oxide synthase, and the elimination of any of these FBNs results in a delay in jasmonate-mediated anthocyanin accumulation in response to a combination of moderate high light and low temperature. Mutations in the genes encoding FBN1s or FBN2 also affect the protection of PSII under the combination of these stresses. Fully developed leaves of these mutants have lower maximum quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and higher oxidative stress than wild-type plants. These effects are additive, and the fbn1a-1b-2 triple mutant shows a stronger decrease in Fv/Fm and a greater increase in oxidative stress than fbn1a-1b or fbn2 mutants. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis indicated that FBN2 also interacts with other proteins involved in different metabolic processes. We propose that these fibrillins facilitate accurate positioning of different proteins involved in distinct metabolic processes, and that their elimination leads to dysfunction of those proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Torres-Romero
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) – Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ángeles Gómez-Zambrano
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) – Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio Jesús Serrato
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Calle Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Mariam Sahrawy
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Calle Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Ángel Mérida
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) – Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
- Correspondence:
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10
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Abstract
Wolfberry Lycium, an economically important genus of the Solanaceae family, contains approximately 80 species and shows a fragmented distribution pattern among the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Although several herbaceous species of Solanaceae have been subjected to genome sequencing, thus far, no genome sequences of woody representatives have been available. Here, we sequenced the genomes of 13 perennial woody species of Lycium, with a focus on Lycium barbarum. Integration with other genomes provides clear evidence supporting a whole-genome triplication (WGT) event shared by all hitherto sequenced solanaceous plants, which occurred shortly after the divergence of Solanaceae and Convolvulaceae. We identified new gene families and gene family expansions and contractions that first appeared in Solanaceae. Based on the identification of self-incompatibility related-gene families, we inferred that hybridization hotspots are enriched for genes that might be functioning in gametophytic self-incompatibility pathways in wolfberry. Extremely low expression of LOCULE NUBER (LC) and COLORLESS NON-RIPENING (CNR) orthologous genes during Lycium fruit development and ripening processes suggests functional diversification of these two genes between Lycium and tomato. The existence of additional flowering locus C-like MADS-box genes might correlate with the perennial flowering cycle of Lycium. Differential gene expression involved in the lignin biosynthetic pathway between Lycium and tomato likely illustrates woody and herbaceous differentiation. We also provide evidence that Lycium migrated from Africa into Asia, and subsequently from Asia into North America. Our results provide functional insights into Solanaceae origins, evolution and diversification.
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11
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The Effect of Light on Antioxidant Properties and Metabolic Profile of Chia Microgreens. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10175731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) is a one-year plant known as a source of nutrients that can be consumed in the diet in the form of seeds or sprouts. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of illumination for 24 and 48 h on dark-grown chia microgreens. Total antioxidant capacity was measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, along with the total phenolics, ascorbic acid and cellulose content, and chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to evaluate the biochemical composition and elucidate the changes in compound structures between dark-grown and illuminated chia microgreens. Analysis of the results showed that illumination significantly increased the content of all measured bioactive compounds as well as antioxidative capacity, especially 48 h after exposure to light. FTIR analyses supported structural and molecular changes in chia microgreens grown under different light regimes. Our results suggest that illumination has a positive effect on the antioxidant potential of chia microgreens, which may present a valuable addition to the human diet.
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12
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Zhang X, Zheng Z, He Y, Liu L, Qu C, Miao J. Molecular Cloning and Expression of a Cryptochrome Gene CiCRY-DASH1 from the Antarctic microalga Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-L. Mol Biotechnol 2020; 62:91-103. [PMID: 31863411 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-019-00225-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cryptochromes (CRYs) are flavin-binding proteins that sense blue and near-ultraviolet light and participate in the photoreactions of organisms and the regulation of biological clocks. In this study, the complete open reading frame (ORF) of CiCRY-DASH1 (GenBank ID MK392361), encoding one kind of cryptochrome, was cloned from the Antarctic microalga Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-L. The quantitative real-time PCR study showed that the CiCRY-DASH1 had the highest expression at 5 °C and salinity of 32‰. The CiCRY-DASH1 was positively regulated by blue, yellow, or red light. Moreover, the CiCRY-DASH1 can positively respond to extreme polar day and night treatment and exhibit a certain circadian rhythm, which indicated that CiCRY-DASH1 participated in the circadian clock and its expression was regulated by circadian rhythms. And the CiCRY-DASH1 was more noticeably affected by ultraviolet-B radiation than ultraviolet-A radiation, indicating ultraviolet-B light does obvious damage to Antarctic microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhou Zheng
- First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Qingdao, 266061, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yingying He
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Lina Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Changfeng Qu
- First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Qingdao, 266061, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jinlai Miao
- First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Qingdao, 266061, China. .,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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13
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Theis J, Lang J, Spaniol B, Ferté S, Niemeyer J, Sommer F, Zimmer D, Venn B, Mehr SF, Mühlhaus T, Wollman FA, Schroda M. The Chlamydomonas deg1c Mutant Accumulates Proteins Involved in High Light Acclimation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 181:1480-1497. [PMID: 31604811 PMCID: PMC6878023 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.01052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Degradation of periplasmic proteins (Deg)/high temperature requirement A (HtrA) proteases are ATP-independent Ser endopeptidases that perform key aspects of protein quality control in all domains of life. Here, we characterized Chlamydomonas reinhardtii DEG1C, which together with DEG1A and DEG1B is orthologous to Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) Deg1 in the thylakoid lumen. We show that DEG1C is localized to the stroma and the periphery of thylakoid membranes. Purified DEG1C exhibited high proteolytic activity against unfolded model substrates and its activity increased with temperature and pH. DEG1C forms monomers, trimers, and hexamers that are in dynamic equilibrium. DEG1C protein levels increased upon nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus starvation; under heat, oxidative, and high light stress; and when Sec-mediated protein translocation was impaired. DEG1C depletion was not associated with any obvious aberrant phenotypes under nonstress conditions, high light exposure, or heat stress. However, quantitative shotgun proteomics revealed differences in the abundance of 307 proteins between a deg1c knock-out mutant and the wild type under nonstress conditions. Among the 115 upregulated proteins are PSII biogenesis factors, FtsH proteases, and proteins normally involved in high light responses, including the carbon dioxide concentrating mechanism, photorespiration, antioxidant defense, and photoprotection. We propose that the lack of DEG1C activity leads to a physiological state of the cells resembling that induced by high light intensities and therefore triggers high light protection responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Theis
- Molekulare Biotechnologie & Systembiologie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Julia Lang
- Molekulare Biotechnologie & Systembiologie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Benjamin Spaniol
- Molekulare Biotechnologie & Systembiologie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Suzanne Ferté
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Membranaire et Moléculaire du Chloroplaste, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR CNRS/UPMC 7141, Paris, France
| | - Justus Niemeyer
- Molekulare Biotechnologie & Systembiologie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Frederik Sommer
- Molekulare Biotechnologie & Systembiologie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - David Zimmer
- Molekulare Biotechnologie & Systembiologie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Benedikt Venn
- Molekulare Biotechnologie & Systembiologie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Shima Farazandeh Mehr
- Molekulare Biotechnologie & Systembiologie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Timo Mühlhaus
- Molekulare Biotechnologie & Systembiologie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Francis-André Wollman
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Membranaire et Moléculaire du Chloroplaste, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR CNRS/UPMC 7141, Paris, France
| | - Michael Schroda
- Molekulare Biotechnologie & Systembiologie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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14
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Babla M, Cai S, Chen G, Tissue DT, Cazzonelli CI, Chen ZH. Molecular Evolution and Interaction of Membrane Transport and Photoreception in Plants. Front Genet 2019; 10:956. [PMID: 31681411 PMCID: PMC6797626 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Light is a vital regulator that controls physiological and cellular responses to regulate plant growth, development, yield, and quality. Light is the driving force for electron and ion transport in the thylakoid membrane and other membranes of plant cells. In different plant species and cell types, light activates photoreceptors, thereby modulating plasma membrane transport. Plants maximize their growth and photosynthesis by facilitating the coordinated regulation of ion channels, pumps, and co-transporters across membranes to fine-tune nutrient uptake. The signal-transducing functions associated with membrane transporters, pumps, and channels impart a complex array of mechanisms to regulate plant responses to light. The identification of light responsive membrane transport components and understanding of their potential interaction with photoreceptors will elucidate how light-activated signaling pathways optimize plant growth, production, and nutrition to the prevailing environmental changes. This review summarizes the mechanisms underlying the physiological and molecular regulations of light-induced membrane transport and their potential interaction with photoreceptors in a plant evolutionary and nutrition context. It will shed new light on plant ecological conservation as well as agricultural production and crop quality, bringing potential nutrition and health benefits to humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Babla
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Shengguan Cai
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guang Chen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - David T. Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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15
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Fabiańska I, Bucher M, Häusler RE. Intracellular phosphate homeostasis - A short way from metabolism to signaling. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 286:57-67. [PMID: 31300142 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus in plant cells occurs in inorganic form as both ortho- and pyrophosphate or bound to organic compounds, like e.g., nucleotides, phosphorylated metabolites, phospholipids, phosphorylated proteins, or phytate as P storage in the vacuoles of seeds. Individual compartments of the cell are surrounded by membranes that are selective barriers to avoid uncontrolled solute exchange. A controlled exchange of phosphate or phosphorylated metabolites is accomplished by specific phosphate transporters (PHTs) and the plastidial phosphate translocator family (PTs) of the inner envelope membrane. Plastids, in particular chloroplasts, are the site of various anabolic sequences of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Apart from their role in metabolism PHTs and PTs are presumed to be also involved in communication between organelles and plant organs. Here we will focus on the integration of phosphate transport and homeostasis in signaling processes. Recent developments in this field will be critically assessed and potential future developments discussed. In particular, the occurrence of various plastid types in one organ (i.e. the leaf) with different functions with respect to metabolism or sensing, as has been documented recently following a tissue-specific proteomics approach (Beltran et al., 2018), will shed new light on functional aspects of phosphate homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Fabiańska
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Marcel Bucher
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Rainer E Häusler
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany.
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16
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Zhang H, Cheng G, Yang Z, Wang T, Xu J. Identification of Sugarcane Host Factors Interacting with the 6K2 Protein of the Sugarcane Mosaic Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163867. [PMID: 31398864 PMCID: PMC6719097 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The 6K2 protein of potyviruses plays a key role in the viral infection in plants. In the present study, the coding sequence of 6K2 was cloned from Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) strain FZ1 into pBT3-STE to generate the plasmid pBT3-STE-6K2, which was used as bait to screen a cDNA library prepared from sugarcane plants infected with SCMV based on the DUALmembrane system. One hundred and fifty-seven positive colonies were screened and sequenced, and the corresponding full-length genes were cloned from sugarcane cultivar ROC22. Then, 24 genes with annotations were obtained, and the deduced proteins were classified into three groups, in which eight proteins were involved in the stress response, 12 proteins were involved in transport, and four proteins were involved in photosynthesis based on their biological functions. Of the 24 proteins, 20 proteins were verified to interact with SCMV-6K2 by yeast two-hybrid assays. The possible roles of these proteins in SCMV infection on sugarcane are analyzed and discussed. This is the first report on the interaction of SCMV-6K2 with host factors from sugarcane, and will improve knowledge on the mechanism of SCMV infection in sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Guangyuan Cheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zongtao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Tong Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jingsheng Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
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17
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Takagi D, Ihara H, Takumi S, Miyake C. Growth Light Environment Changes the Sensitivity of Photosystem I Photoinhibition Depending on Common Wheat Cultivars. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:686. [PMID: 31214216 PMCID: PMC6557977 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Light is an important factor for determining photosynthetic performance in land plants. At high light intensity, land plants develop photosynthetic activity by increasing electron sinks, such as the Calvin cycle and photorespiration and photoprotective mechanisms in photosystem II (PSII), to effectively utilize light and protect them from photoinhibition. In addition to PSII, photosystem I (PSI) has a risk of undergoing photoinhibition under high light intensity because of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced within PSI. However, the acclimation response has hardly been evaluated in the relationship of PSI photoprotection to growth light. In this study, we studied the effect of growth light intensity on the photoprotective mechanisms in PSI using six wheat cultivars. To evaluate the susceptibility of PSI to its photoinhibition, we used the repetitive short-pulse (rSP) illumination method to cause O2-dependent PSI photoinhibition. We found that PSI photoinhibition induced by rSP illumination was much more alleviated in wheat cultivars grown under high-light conditions compared to those grown under low-light conditions. Here, we observed that wheat plant grown under high-light conditions lowered the susceptibility of PSI to its photoinhibition compared to those grown under low-light conditions. Furthermore, the acclimation response toward PSI photoinhibition was significantly different among the studied wheat cultivars, although the quantum yields both of PSII and PSI were increased by high-light acclimation in all wheat cultivars as reported previously. Interestingly, we observed that total chlorophyll content in leaves correlated with the susceptibility of PSI to its photoinhibition. On the basis of these results, we suggest that high-light acclimation induces protection mechanisms against PSI photoinhibition in land plants, and the increase in the leaf chlorophyll content relates to the susceptibility of PSI photoinhibition in wheat plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Takagi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Core Research for Environmental Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ihara
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shigeo Takumi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Chikahiro Miyake
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Core Research for Environmental Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Chikahiro Miyake,
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18
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Lotterhos KE, Yeaman S, Degner J, Aitken S, Hodgins KA. Modularity of genes involved in local adaptation to climate despite physical linkage. Genome Biol 2018; 19:157. [PMID: 30290843 PMCID: PMC6173883 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-018-1545-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Linkage among genes experiencing different selection pressures can make natural selection less efficient. Theory predicts that when local adaptation is driven by complex and non-covarying stresses, increased linkage is favored for alleles with similar pleiotropic effects, with increased recombination favored among alleles with contrasting pleiotropic effects. Here, we introduce a framework to test these predictions with a co-association network analysis, which clusters loci based on differing associations. We use this framework to study the genetic architecture of local adaptation to climate in lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta, based on associations with environments. RESULTS We identify many clusters of candidate genes and SNPs associated with distinct environments, including aspects of aridity and freezing, and discover low recombination rates among some candidate genes in different clusters. Only a few genes contain SNPs with effects on more than one distinct aspect of climate. There is limited correspondence between co-association networks and gene regulatory networks. We further show how associations with environmental principal components can lead to misinterpretation. Finally, simulations illustrate both benefits and caveats of co-association networks. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the prediction that different selection pressures favor the evolution of distinct groups of genes, each associating with a different aspect of climate. But our results went against the prediction that loci experiencing different sources of selection would have high recombination among them. These results give new insight into evolutionary debates about the extent of modularity, pleiotropy, and linkage in the evolution of genetic architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie E Lotterhos
- Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Northeastern Marine Science Center, 430 Nahant Rd, Nahant, MA, 01908, USA.
| | - Sam Yeaman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N1N4, Canada
| | - Jon Degner
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Sally Aitken
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Kathryn A Hodgins
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
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Rangsrikitphoti P, Durnford DG. Transcriptome Profiling of Bigelowiella natans in Response to Light Stress. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2018; 66:316-333. [PMID: 30055063 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bigelowiella natans is a marine chlorarachniophyte whose plastid was acquired secondarily via endosymbiosis with a green alga. During plastid evolution, the photosynthetic endosymbiont would have integrated with the host metabolic pathways. This would require the evolution and coordination of strategies to cope with changes in light intensity that includes changes in the expression of both endosymbiont and host-derived genes. To investigate the transcriptional response to light intensity in chlorarachniophytes, we conducted an RNA-seq experiment to identify differentially expressed genes following a 4-h shift to high or very-low light. A shift to high light altered the expression of over 2,000 genes, many involved with photosynthesis, PSII assembly, primary metabolism, and reactive-oxygen scavenging. These changes are an attempt to optimize photosynthesis and increase energy sinks for excess reductant, while minimizing photooxidative stress. A transfer to very-low light resulted in a lower photosynthetic performance and metabolic alteration, reflecting an energy-limited state. Genes located on the nucleomorph, the vestigial nucleus in the plastid, had few changes in expression in either light treatment, indicating this organelle has relinquished most transcriptional control to the nucleus. Overall, during plastid origin, both host and transferred endosymbiont genes evolved a harmonized transcriptional network to respond to a classic photosynthetic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dion G Durnford
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada
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20
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Myouga F, Takahashi K, Tanaka R, Nagata N, Kiss AZ, Funk C, Nomura Y, Nakagami H, Jansson S, Shinozaki K. Stable Accumulation of Photosystem II Requires ONE-HELIX PROTEIN1 (OHP1) of the Light Harvesting-Like Family. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:2277-2291. [PMID: 29438089 PMCID: PMC5841713 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The cellular functions of two Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) one-helix proteins, OHP1 and OHP2 (also named LIGHT-HARVESTING-LIKE2 [LIL2] and LIL6, respectively, because they have sequence similarity to light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins), remain unclear. Tagged null mutants of OHP1 and OHP2 (ohp1 and ohp2) showed stunted growth with pale-green leaves on agar plates, and these mutants were unable to grow on soil. Leaf chlorophyll fluorescence and the composition of thylakoid membrane proteins revealed that ohp1 deletion substantially affected photosystem II (PSII) core protein function and led to reduced levels of photosystem I core proteins; however, it did not affect LHC accumulation. Transgenic ohp1 plants rescued with OHP1-HA or OHP1-Myc proteins developed a normal phenotype. Using these tagged OHP1 proteins in transgenic plants, we localized OHP1 to thylakoid membranes, where it formed protein complexes with both OHP2 and High Chlorophyll Fluorescence244 (HCF244). We also found PSII core proteins D1/D2, HCF136, and HCF173 and a few other plant-specific proteins associated with the OHP1/OHP2-HCF244 complex, suggesting that these complexes are early intermediates in PSII assembly. OHP1 interacted directly with HCF244 in the complex. Therefore, OHP1 and HCF244 play important roles in the stable accumulation of PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiyoshi Myouga
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kaori Takahashi
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Tanaka
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - Noriko Nagata
- Department of Chemical Biological Sciences, Japan Women's University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8681, Japan
| | - Anett Z Kiss
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umea, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umea, Sweden
| | - Christiane Funk
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umea, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umea, Sweden
| | - Yuko Nomura
- Plant Proteomics Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nakagami
- Plant Proteomics Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Stefan Jansson
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umea, Sweden
| | - Kazuo Shinozaki
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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21
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Rühle T, Reiter B, Leister D. Chlorophyll Fluorescence Video Imaging: A Versatile Tool for Identifying Factors Related to Photosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:55. [PMID: 29472935 PMCID: PMC5810273 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence provide an elegant and non-invasive means of probing the dynamics of photosynthesis. Advances in video imaging of chlorophyll fluorescence have now made it possible to study photosynthesis at all levels from individual cells to entire crop populations. Since the technology delivers quantitative data, is easily scaled up and can be readily combined with other approaches, it has become a powerful phenotyping tool for the identification of factors relevant to photosynthesis. Here, we review genetic chlorophyll fluorescence-based screens of libraries of Arabidopsis and Chlamydomonas mutants, discuss its application to high-throughput phenotyping in quantitative genetics and highlight potential future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilo Rühle
- Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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22
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van Rooijen R, Aarts MGM, Harbinson J. Natural genetic variation for acclimation of photosynthetic light use efficiency to growth irradiance in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 167:1412-29. [PMID: 25670817 PMCID: PMC4378148 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.252239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants are known to be able to acclimate their photosynthesis to the level of irradiance. Here, we present the analysis of natural genetic variation for photosynthetic light use efficiency (ΦPSII) in response to five light environments among 12 genetically diverse Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) accessions. We measured the acclimation of ΦPSII to constant growth irradiances of four different levels (100, 200, 400, and 600 µmol m(-2) s(-1)) by imaging chlorophyll fluorescence after 24 d of growth and compared these results with acclimation of ΦPSII to a step-wise change in irradiance where the growth irradiance was increased from 100 to 600 µmol m(-2) s(-1) after 24 d of growth. Genotypic variation for ΦPSII is shown by calculating heritability for the short-term ΦPSII response to different irradiance levels as well as for the relation of ΦPSII measured at light saturation (a measure of photosynthetic capacity) to growth irradiance level and for the kinetics of the response to a step-wise increase in irradiance from 100 to 600 µmol m(-2) s(-1). A genome-wide association study for ΦPSII measured 1 h after a step-wise increase in irradiance identified several new candidate genes controlling this trait. In conclusion, the different photosynthetic responses to a changing light environment displayed by different Arabidopsis accessions are due to genetic differences, and we have identified candidate genes for the photosynthetic response to an irradiance change. The genetic variation for photosynthetic acclimation to irradiance found in this study will allow future identification and analysis of the causal genes for the regulation of ΦPSII in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne van Rooijen
- Laboratory of Genetics (R.v.R., M.G.M.A.) and Horticulture and Product Physiology (J.H.), Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; andBioSolar Cells, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands (R.v.R., J.H.)
| | - Mark G M Aarts
- Laboratory of Genetics (R.v.R., M.G.M.A.) and Horticulture and Product Physiology (J.H.), Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; andBioSolar Cells, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands (R.v.R., J.H.)
| | - Jeremy Harbinson
- Laboratory of Genetics (R.v.R., M.G.M.A.) and Horticulture and Product Physiology (J.H.), Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; andBioSolar Cells, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands (R.v.R., J.H.)
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23
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Borisova-Mubarakshina MM, Vetoshkina DV, Rudenko NN, Shirshikova GN, Fedorchuk TP, Naydov IA, Ivanov BN. The size of the light-harvesting antenna of higher plant photosystem II is regulated by illumination intensity through transcription of antenna protein genes. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2015; 79:520-3. [PMID: 25100009 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297914060042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In arabidopsis plants, with an increase in illumination intensity during growth the extent of reduction of the plastoquinone pool in the photosynthetic electron transport chain increased, whereas the effective quantum yield of photosynthesis decreased. After 5 days of growth under high illumination intensity, these parameters in high light returned to values observed in "shade-adapted" plants in low light. During the same period, the size of the antenna decreased, correlating with a decrease in the amounts of proteins of peripheral pigment-protein complexes. It was found that the decrease in the amounts of these proteins occurred due to suppression of transcription of their genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Borisova-Mubarakshina
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
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24
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Seo JM, Arasu MV, Kim YB, Park SU, Kim SJ. Phenylalanine and LED lights enhance phenolic compound production in Tartary buckwheat sprouts. Food Chem 2015; 177:204-13. [PMID: 25660878 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.12.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of different l-phenylalanine (l-Phe) concentrations and various light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on the accumulation of phenolic compounds (chlorogenic acid, vitexin, rutin, quercetin, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, and cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside) in Tartary buckwheat sprouts. We found that 5mM was the optimum l-Phe concentration for the synthesis of total and individual phenolic compounds. The highest rutin (53.09 mg/g DW) and chlorogenic acid (5.62 mg/g DW) content was observed with Red+Blue and white lights. Comprehensive differences in total and individual anthocyanin content were observed between different lights; however, the total anthocyanin content (9.12 mg/g DW) was 1.5-fold higher in blue light. The expression levels of regulatory genes, such as FtDFR and FtANS, were 7.1-fold higher with l-Phe treatment. Gene expression results showed that the phenolic compounds in Tartary buckwheat sprouts increased with the use of l-Phe and LED lights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Min Seo
- Department of Bio-Environmental Chemistry, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yeon-Bok Kim
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Ju Kim
- Department of Bio-Environmental Chemistry, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Häusler RE, Heinrichs L, Schmitz J, Flügge UI. How sugars might coordinate chloroplast and nuclear gene expression during acclimation to high light intensities. MOLECULAR PLANT 2014; 7:1121-37. [PMID: 25006007 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssu064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The concept of retrograde control of nuclear gene expression assumes the generation of signals inside the chloroplasts, which are either released from or sensed inside of the organelle. In both cases, downstream signaling pathways lead eventually to a differential regulation of nuclear gene expression and the production of proteins required in the chloroplast. This concept appears reasonable as the majority of the over 3000 predicted plastidial proteins are encoded by nuclear genes. Hence, the nucleus needs information on the status of the chloroplasts, such as during acclimation responses, which trigger massive changes in the protein composition of the thylakoid membrane and in the stroma. Here, we propose an additional control mechanism of nuclear- and plastome-encoded photosynthesis genes, taking advantage of pathways involved in sugar- or hormonal signaling. Sugars are major end products of photosynthesis and their contents respond very sensitively to changes in light intensities. Based on recent findings, we ask the question as to whether the carbohydrate status outside the chloroplast can be directly sensed within the chloroplast stroma. Sugars might synchronize the responsiveness of both genomes and thereby help to coordinate the expression of plastome- and nuclear-encoded photosynthesis genes in concert with other, more specific retrograde signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer E Häusler
- Department of Botany II, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicherstr. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Luisa Heinrichs
- Department of Botany II, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicherstr. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jessica Schmitz
- Department of Botany II, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicherstr. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany Present address: Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulf-Ingo Flügge
- Department of Botany II, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicherstr. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
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26
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Abstract
AbstractThis study examines the effect of irradiance level produced by solid-state light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on the growth, nutritional quality and antioxidant properties of Brassicaceae family microgreens. Kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes, ‘Delicacy Purple’) mustard (Brassica juncea L., ‘Red Lion’), red pak choi (Brassica rapa var. chinensis, ‘Rubi F1’) and tatsoi (Brassica rapa var. rosularis) were grown using peat substrate in controlled-environment chambers until harvest time (10 days, 21/17°C, 16 h). A system of five lighting modules with 455, 638, 665 and 731 nm LEDs at a total photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) of 545, 440, 330, 220 and 110 µmol m−2s−1 respectively were used. Insufficient levels of photosynthetically active photon flux (110 µmol m−2 s−1) suppressed normal growth and diminished the nutritional value of the Brassica microgreens studied. In general, the most suitable conditions for growth and nutritional quality of the microgreens was 330–440 µmol m−2 s−1 irradiation, which resulted in a larger leaf surface area, lower content of nitrates and higher total anthocyanins, total phenols and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical scavenging capacity. High light levels (545 µmol m−2 s−1), which was expected to induce mild photostress, had no significant positive impact for most of investigated parameters.
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27
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Schmitz J, Schöttler MA, Krueger S, Geimer S, Schneider A, Kleine T, Leister D, Bell K, Flügge UI, Häusler RE. Defects in leaf carbohydrate metabolism compromise acclimation to high light and lead to a high chlorophyll fluorescence phenotype in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 12:8. [PMID: 22248311 PMCID: PMC3353854 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-12-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have studied the impact of carbohydrate-starvation on the acclimation response to high light using Arabidopsis thaliana double mutants strongly impaired in the day- and night path of photoassimilate export from the chloroplast. A complete knock-out mutant of the triose phosphate/phosphate translocator (TPT; tpt-2 mutant) was crossed to mutants defective in (i) starch biosynthesis (adg1-1, pgm1 and pgi1-1; knock-outs of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, plastidial phosphoglucomutase and phosphoglucose isomerase) or (ii) starch mobilization (sex1-3, knock-out of glucan water dikinase) as well as in (iii) maltose export from the chloroplast (mex1-2). RESULTS All double mutants were viable and indistinguishable from the wild type when grown under low light conditions, but--except for sex1-3/tpt-2--developed a high chlorophyll fluorescence (HCF) phenotype and growth retardation when grown in high light. Immunoblots of thylakoid proteins, Blue-Native gel electrophoresis and chlorophyll fluorescence emission analyses at 77 Kelvin with the adg1-1/tpt-2 double mutant revealed that HCF was linked to a specific decrease in plastome-encoded core proteins of both photosystems (with the exception of the PSII component cytochrome b559), whereas nuclear-encoded antennae (LHCs) accumulated normally, but were predominantly not attached to their photosystems. Uncoupled antennae are the major cause for HCF of dark-adapted plants. Feeding of sucrose or glucose to high light-grown adg1-1/tpt-2 plants rescued the HCF- and growth phenotypes. Elevated sugar levels induce the expression of the glucose-6-phosphate/phosphate translocator2 (GPT2), which in principle could compensate for the deficiency in the TPT. A triple mutant with an additional defect in GPT2 (adg1-1/tpt-2/gpt2-1) exhibited an identical rescue of the HCF- and growth phenotype in response to sugar feeding as the adg1-1/tpt-2 double mutant, indicating that this rescue is independent from the sugar-triggered induction of GPT2. CONCLUSIONS We propose that cytosolic carbohydrate availability modulates acclimation to high light in A. thaliana. It is conceivable that the strong relationship between the chloroplast and nucleus with respect to a co-ordinated expression of photosynthesis genes is modified in carbohydrate-starved plants. Hence carbohydrates may be considered as a novel component involved in chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signaling, an aspect that will be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Schmitz
- University of Cologne, Botanical Institute, Biocenter Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47B, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Mark Aurel Schöttler
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Stephan Krueger
- University of Cologne, Botanical Institute, Biocenter Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47B, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Geimer
- Universität Bayreuth, Zellbiologie/Elektronenmikroskopie NW I/B1, Universitätsstrasse 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- Biozentrum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Biologie I - Botanik Großhaderner Str. 2-4, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Tatjana Kleine
- Biozentrum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Biologie I - Botanik Großhaderner Str. 2-4, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dario Leister
- Biozentrum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Biologie I - Botanik Großhaderner Str. 2-4, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Kirsten Bell
- University of Cologne, Botanical Institute, Biocenter Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47B, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ulf-Ingo Flügge
- University of Cologne, Botanical Institute, Biocenter Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47B, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Rainer E Häusler
- University of Cologne, Botanical Institute, Biocenter Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47B, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
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28
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Slater SMH, Micallef MC, Zhang J, Micallef BJ. Identification and characterization of a null-activity mutant containing a cryptic pre-mRNA splice site for cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase in Flaveria linearis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 74:519-536. [PMID: 20882321 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-010-9690-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (cytFBPase) (E.C. 3.1.3.11) catalyzes the first irreversible reaction of daytime sucrose synthesis. A Flaveria linearis (F. linearis) mutant (line 84-9) previously shown to have ~10% wildtype cytFBPase activity contains no cytFBPase activity based on enzymatic and immunoprecipitation analysis. Genetic segregation and Southern analysis of an F2 population shows one gene copy of cytFBPase in F. linearis and linkage of null cytFBPase activity to the cytFBPase structural gene. A point mutation is present in the structural gene coding for cytFBPase in the mutant, causing a cryptic pre-mRNA splice site and a corresponding 24 amino acid deletion spanning the active site of the enzyme. Collectively, these data support the identification of a null-activity mutant for cytFBPase in F. linearis. This is the first report of a null mutant in the daytime sucrose synthesis pathway confirmed by both enzymatic and molecular analysis. Null cytFBPase in F. linearis does not predispose all lines to high starch accumulation due to an epistatic gene interaction; low starch accumulation in null cytFBPase lines segregates with elevated pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase (PFP) activity when grown in a 16 h photoperiod. Surprisingly, growth of parental lines and F2 progeny having null cytFBPase in continuous light rescued the wildtype growth phenotype. All null cytFBPase lines showed CO(2)-insensitivity/reversed sensitivity of photosynthesis, indicating that null cytFBPase causes a reduced total capacity for both photosynthesis and end-product synthesis regardless of starch and PFP phenotype. Collectively, the data indicate that F. linearis, a C3-C4 photosynthetic intermediate, has alternative cytFBPase-independent pathways for daytime sucrose synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M H Slater
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
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29
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Codrea MC, Hakala-Yatkin M, Kårlund-Marttila A, Nedbal L, Aittokallio T, Nevalainen OS, Tyystjärvi E. Mahalanobis distance screening of Arabidopsis mutants with chlorophyll fluorescence. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2010; 105:273-83. [PMID: 20730565 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-010-9578-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 06/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Rapid nondestructive screening of mutants is a common step in many research projects in plant biology. Here we report the development of a method that uses kinetic imaging of chlorophyll fluorescence to detect phenotypes that differ from wild-type plants. The method uses multiple fluorescence features simultaneously in order to catch different types of photosynthesis-related mutants with a single assay. The Mahalanobis distance was used to evaluate the degree of similarity in fluorescence features between the wild-type and test plants, and plants differing strongly from the wild-type were classified as mutants. The method was tested on a collection of photosynthesis-related mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana. The plants were evaluated from images in which the color of each pixel depended on the Mahalanobis distance of the fluorescence features. Two parameters of the color-coding procedure were used to adjust the trade-off between detection of true mutants and erratic classification of wild-type plants as mutants. We found that a large percentage of photosynthesis-related mutants can be detected with this method. Scripts for the free statistics software R are provided to facilitate the practical application of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius C Codrea
- Department of Information Technology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
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30
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Kühnel K, Ke N, Cryle MJ, Sligar SG, Schuler MA, Schlichting I. Crystal structures of substrate-free and retinoic acid-bound cyanobacterial cytochrome P450 CYP120A1. Biochemistry 2010; 47:6552-9. [PMID: 18512957 DOI: 10.1021/bi800328s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structures of substrate-free and all-trans-retinoic acid-bound CYP120A1 from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 were determined at 2.4 and 2.1 A resolution, respectively, representing the first structural characterization of a cyanobacterial P450. Features of CYP120A1 not observed in other P450 structures include an aromatic ladder flanking the channel leading to the active site and a triple-glycine motif within SRS5. Using spectroscopic methods, CYP120A1 is shown to bind 13-cis-retinoic acid, 9-cis-retinoic acid, and retinal with high affinity and dissociation constants of less than 1 microM. Metabolism of retinoic acid by CYP120A1 suggests that CYP120A1 hydroxylates a variety of retinoid derivatives in vivo. On the basis of the retinoic acid-bound CYP120A1 crystal structure, we propose that either carbon 2 or the methyl groups (C16 or C17) of the beta-ionone ring are modified by CYP120A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Kühnel
- Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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31
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Jansen M, Gilmer F, Biskup B, Nagel KA, Rascher U, Fischbach A, Briem S, Dreissen G, Tittmann S, Braun S, De Jaeger I, Metzlaff M, Schurr U, Scharr H, Walter A. Simultaneous phenotyping of leaf growth and chlorophyll fluorescence via GROWSCREEN FLUORO allows detection of stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana and other rosette plants. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2009; 36:902-914. [PMID: 32688701 DOI: 10.1071/fp09095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/03/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Stress caused by environmental factors evokes dynamic changes in plant phenotypes. In this study, we deciphered simultaneously the reaction of plant growth and chlorophyll fluorescence related parameters using a novel approach which combines existing imaging technologies (GROWSCREEN FLUORO). Three different abiotic stress situations were investigated demonstrating the benefit of this approach to distinguish between effects related to (1) growth, (2) chlorophyll-fluorescence, or (3) both of these aspects of the phenotype. In a drought stress experiment with more than 500 plants, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) deficient lines of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh showed increased relative growth rates (RGR) compared with C24 wild-type plants. In chilling stress, growth of PARP and C24 lines decreased rapidly, followed by a decrease in Fv/Fm. Here, PARP-plants showed a more pronounced decrease of Fv/Fm than C24, which can be interpreted as a more efficient strategy for survival in mild chilling stress. Finally, the reaction of Nicotiana tabacum L. to altered spectral composition of the intercepted light was monitored as an example of a moderate stress situation that affects chlorophyll-fluorescence related, but not growth-related parameters. The examples investigated in this study show the capacity for improved plant phenotyping based on an automated and simultaneous evaluation of growth and photosynthesis at high throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Jansen
- Institute of Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere ICG-3 (Phytosphere), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Frank Gilmer
- Institute of Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere ICG-3 (Phytosphere), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Biskup
- Institute of Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere ICG-3 (Phytosphere), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Kerstin A Nagel
- Institute of Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere ICG-3 (Phytosphere), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Uwe Rascher
- Institute of Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere ICG-3 (Phytosphere), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Andreas Fischbach
- Institute of Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere ICG-3 (Phytosphere), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Sabine Briem
- Institute of Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere ICG-3 (Phytosphere), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Georg Dreissen
- Institute of Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere ICG-3 (Phytosphere), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Susanne Tittmann
- Institute of Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere ICG-3 (Phytosphere), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Silvia Braun
- Institute of Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere ICG-3 (Phytosphere), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Iris De Jaeger
- Bayer BioScience N.V., Technologiepark 38, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Ulrich Schurr
- Institute of Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere ICG-3 (Phytosphere), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Hanno Scharr
- Institute of Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere ICG-3 (Phytosphere), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Achim Walter
- Institute of Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere ICG-3 (Phytosphere), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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Bräutigam K, Dietzel L, Kleine T, Ströher E, Wormuth D, Dietz KJ, Radke D, Wirtz M, Hell R, Dörmann P, Nunes-Nesi A, Schauer N, Fernie AR, Oliver SN, Geigenberger P, Leister D, Pfannschmidt T. Dynamic plastid redox signals integrate gene expression and metabolism to induce distinct metabolic states in photosynthetic acclimation in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2009; 21:2715-32. [PMID: 19737978 PMCID: PMC2768923 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.108.062018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2008] [Revised: 07/22/2009] [Accepted: 08/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants possess acclimation responses in which structural reconfigurations adapt the photosynthetic apparatus to fluctuating illumination. Long-term acclimation involves changes in plastid and nuclear gene expression and is controlled by redox signals from photosynthesis. The kinetics of these signals and the adjustments of energetic and metabolic demands to the changes in the photosynthetic apparatus are currently poorly understood. Using a redox signaling system that preferentially excites either photosystem I or II, we measured the time-dependent impact of redox signals on the transcriptome and metabolome of Arabidopsis thaliana. We observed rapid and dynamic changes in nuclear transcript accumulation resulting in differential and specific expression patterns for genes associated with photosynthesis and metabolism. Metabolite pools also exhibited dynamic changes and indicate readjustments between distinct metabolic states depending on the respective illumination. These states reflect reallocation of energy resources in a defined and reversible manner, indicating that structural changes in the photosynthetic apparatus during long-term acclimation are additionally supported at the level of metabolism. We propose that photosynthesis can act as an environmental sensor, producing retrograde redox signals that trigger two parallel adjustment loops that coordinate photosynthesis and metabolism to adapt plant primary productivity to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Bräutigam
- Nachwuchsgruppe Pflanzliche Anpassung an Umweltveränderungen: Proteinanalyse mittels MS, Lehrstuhl für Pflanzenphysiologie, Institut für Allgemeine Botanik und Pflanzenphysiologie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Lars Dietzel
- Nachwuchsgruppe Pflanzliche Anpassung an Umweltveränderungen: Proteinanalyse mittels MS, Lehrstuhl für Pflanzenphysiologie, Institut für Allgemeine Botanik und Pflanzenphysiologie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Tatjana Kleine
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Department Biologie I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Elke Ströher
- Lehrstuhl für Biochemie und Pflanzenphysiologie, Universität Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Dennis Wormuth
- Lehrstuhl für Biochemie und Pflanzenphysiologie, Universität Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Lehrstuhl für Biochemie und Pflanzenphysiologie, Universität Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Dörte Radke
- Hans Knöll Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute for Community Medicine, Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Markus Wirtz
- Heidelberg Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Hell
- Heidelberg Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Dörmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Nicolas Schauer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Sandra N. Oliver
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Peter Geigenberger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Department Biologie I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dario Leister
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Department Biologie I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Thomas Pfannschmidt
- Nachwuchsgruppe Pflanzliche Anpassung an Umweltveränderungen: Proteinanalyse mittels MS, Lehrstuhl für Pflanzenphysiologie, Institut für Allgemeine Botanik und Pflanzenphysiologie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Address correspondence to
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Ishikawa M, Fujiwara M, Sonoike K, Sato N. Orthogenomics of photosynthetic organisms: bioinformatic and experimental analysis of chloroplast proteins of endosymbiont origin in Arabidopsis and their counterparts in Synechocystis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 50:773-788. [PMID: 19224954 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcp027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts are descendents of a cyanobacterial endosymbiont, but many chloroplast protein genes of endosymbiont origin are encoded by the nucleus. The chloroplast-cyanobacteria relationship is a typical target of orthogenomics, an analytical method that focuses on the relationship of orthologous genes. Here, we present results of a pilot study of functional orthogenomics, combining bioinformatic and experimental analyses, to identify nuclear-encoded chloroplast proteins of endosymbiont origin (CPRENDOs). Phylogenetic profiling based on complete clustering of all proteins in 17 organisms, including eight cyanobacteria and two photosynthetic eukaryotes, was used to deduce 65 protein groups that are conserved in all oxygenic autotrophs analyzed but not in non-oxygenic organisms. With the exception of 28 well-characterized protein groups, 56 Arabidopsis proteins and 43 Synechocystis proteins in the 37 conserved homolog groups were analyzed. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) targeting experiments indicated that 54 Arabidopsis proteins were targeted to plastids. Expression of 39 Arabidopsis genes was promoted by light. Among the 40 disruptants of Synechocystis, 22 showed phenotypes related to photosynthesis. Arabidopsis mutants in 21 groups, including those reported previously, showed phenotypes. Characteristics of pulse amplitude modulation fluorescence were markedly different in corresponding mutants of Arabidopsis and Synechocystis in most cases. We conclude that phylogenetic profiling is useful in finding CPRENDOs, but the physiological functions of orthologous genes may be different in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Ishikawa
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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Abstract
Despite recent elucidation of the three-dimensional structure of major photosynthetic complexes, our understanding of light energy conversion in plant chloroplasts and microalgae under physiological conditions requires exploring the dynamics of photosynthesis. The photosynthetic apparatus is a flexible molecular machine that can acclimate to metabolic and light fluctuations in a matter of seconds and minutes. On a longer time scale, changes in environmental cues trigger acclimation responses that elicit intracellular signaling between the nucleo-cytosol and chloroplast resulting in modification of the biogenesis of the photosynthetic machinery. Here we attempt to integrate well-established knowledge on the functional flexibility of light-harvesting and electron transfer processes, which has greatly benefited from genetic approaches, with data derived from the wealth of recent transcriptomic and proteomic studies of acclimation responses in photosynthetic eukaroytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Eberhard
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, F-75005 Paris, France
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Häusler RE, Geimer S, Kunz HH, Schmitz J, Dörmann P, Bell K, Hetfeld S, Guballa A, Flügge UI. Chlororespiration and grana hyperstacking: how an Arabidopsis double mutant can survive despite defects in starch biosynthesis and daily carbon export from chloroplasts. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 149:515-33. [PMID: 18978072 PMCID: PMC2613729 DOI: 10.1104/pp.108.128124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2008] [Accepted: 10/26/2008] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
An Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) double mutant impaired in starch biosynthesis and the triose phosphate/phosphate translocator (adg1-1/tpt-1) is characterized by a diminished utilization of photoassimilates and the concomitant consumption of reducing power and energy produced in the photosynthetic light reaction. In order to guarantee survival, the double mutant responds to this metabolic challenge with growth retardation, an 80% decline in photosynthetic electron transport, diminished chlorophyll contents, an enhanced reduction state of plastoquinone in the dark (up to 50%), a perturbation of the redox poise in leaves (increased NADPH/NADP ratios and decreased ascorbate/dehydroascorbate ratios), hyperstacking of grana thylakoids, and an increased number of plastoglobules. Enhanced oxygen consumption and applications of inhibitors of alternative mitochondrial and chloroplast oxidases (AOX and PTOX) suggest that chlororespiration as well as mitochondrial respiration are involved in the enhanced plastoquinone reduction state in the dark. Transcript amounts of PTOX and AOX were diminished and nucleus-encoded components related to plastidic NADH reductase (NDH1) were increased in adg1-1/tpt-1 compared with the wild type. Cytochrome b559, proposed to be involved in the reoxidation of photosystem II, was not regulated at the transcriptional level. The hyperstacking of grana thylakoids mimics adaptation to low light, and increased plastoglobule numbers suggest a response to enhanced oxidative stress. Altered chloroplast organization combined with perturbations in the redox poise suggests that adg1-1/tpt-1 could be a tool for the in vivo study of retrograde signaling mechanisms controlling the coordinated expression of nucleus- and plastome-encoded photosynthetic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer E Häusler
- Universität zu Köln, Botanisches Institut, D-50931 Cologne, Germany.
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Kristiansen KA, Khrouchtchova A, Stenbaek A, Schulz A, Jensen PE. Non-invasive method for in vivo detection of chlorophyll precursors. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2009; 8:279-86. [DOI: 10.1039/b811774h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Majeran W, Zybailov B, Ytterberg AJ, Dunsmore J, Sun Q, van Wijk KJ. Consequences of C4 differentiation for chloroplast membrane proteomes in maize mesophyll and bundle sheath cells. Mol Cell Proteomics 2008; 7:1609-38. [PMID: 18453340 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m800016-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloroplasts of maize leaves differentiate into specific bundle sheath (BS) and mesophyll (M) types to accommodate C(4) photosynthesis. Chloroplasts contain thylakoid and envelope membranes that contain the photosynthetic machineries and transporters but also proteins involved in e.g. protein homeostasis. These chloroplast membranes must be specialized within each cell type to accommodate C(4) photosynthesis and regulate metabolic fluxes and activities. This quantitative study determined the differentiated state of BS and M chloroplast thylakoid and envelope membrane proteomes and their oligomeric states using innovative gel-based and mass spectrometry-based protein quantifications. This included native gels, iTRAQ, and label-free quantification using an LTQ-Orbitrap. Subunits of Photosystems I and II, the cytochrome b(6)f, and ATP synthase complexes showed average BS/M accumulation ratios of 1.6, 0.45, 1.0, and 1.33, respectively, whereas ratios for the light-harvesting complex I and II families were 1.72 and 0.68, respectively. A 1000-kDa BS-specific NAD(P)H dehydrogenase complex with associated proteins of unknown function containing more than 15 proteins was observed; we speculate that this novel complex possibly functions in inorganic carbon concentration when carboxylation rates by ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase are lower than decarboxylation rates by malic enzyme. Differential accumulation of thylakoid proteases (Egy and DegP), state transition kinases (STN7,8), and Photosystem I and II assembly factors was observed, suggesting that cell-specific photosynthetic electron transport depends on post-translational regulatory mechanisms. BS/M ratios for inner envelope transporters phosphoenolpyruvate/P(i) translocator, Dit1, Dit2, and Mex1 were determined and reflect metabolic fluxes in carbon metabolism. A wide variety of hundreds of other proteins showed differential BS/M accumulation. Mass spectral information and functional annotations are available through the Plant Proteome Database. These data are integrated with previous data, resulting in a model for C(4) photosynthesis, thereby providing new rationales for metabolic engineering of C(4) pathways and targeted analysis of genetic networks that coordinate C(4) differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Majeran
- Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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39
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Chaerle L, Leinonen I, Jones HG, Van Der Straeten D. Monitoring and screening plant populations with combined thermal and chlorophyll fluorescence imaging. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2007; 58:773-84. [PMID: 17189594 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erl257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Thermal and chlorophyll fluorescence imaging are powerful tools for the study of spatial and temporal heterogeneity of leaf transpiration and photosynthetic performance. The relative advantages and disadvantages of these techniques are discussed. When combined, they can highlight pre-symptomatic responses not yet apparent in visual spectrum images and provide specific signatures for diagnosis of distinct diseases and abiotic stresses. In addition, their use for diagnosis and for selection for stomatal or photosynthetic mutants, these techniques can be applied for stress tolerance screening. For example, rapid screening for stomatal responses can be achieved by thermal imaging, while, combined with fluorescence imaging to study photosynthesis, they can potentially be used to derive leaf water use efficiency as a screening parameter. A particular advantage of imaging is that it allows continuous automated monitoring of dynamic spatial variation. Examples of applications include the study of growth and development of plant lines differing in stress resistance, yield, circadian clock-controlled responses, and the possible interactions between these parameters. In the future, such dual-imaging systems could be extended with complementary techniques such as hyperspectral and blue-green fluorescence imaging. This would result in an increased number of quantified parameters which will increase the power of stress diagnosis and the potential for screening of stress-tolerant genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laury Chaerle
- Unit of Plant Hormone Signalling and Bio-imaging, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
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40
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Rook F, Corke F, Baier M, Holman R, May AG, Bevan MW. Impaired sucrose induction1 encodes a conserved plant-specific protein that couples carbohydrate availability to gene expression and plant growth. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 46:1045-58. [PMID: 16805736 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2006.02765.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
To identify the molecular mechanisms underlying carbohydrate allocation to storage processes, we have isolated mutants in which the sugar induction of starch biosynthetic gene expression was impaired. Here we describe the IMPAIRED SUCROSE INDUCTION1 (ISI1) gene, which encodes a highly conserved plant-specific protein with structural similarities to Arm repeat proteins. ISI1 is predominantly expressed in the phloem of leaves following the sink-to-source transition during leaf development, but is also sugar-inducible in mesophyll cells. Soil-grown isi1 mutants show reduced plant growth and seed set compared to wild-type Arabidopsis. This growth reduction is not due to reduced carbohydrate availability or a defect in sucrose export from mature leaves, suggesting that isi1 mutant plants do not utilize available carbohydrate resources efficiently. ISI1 interacts synergistically with, but is genetically distinct from, the abscisic acid (ABA) signalling pathway controlling sugar responses via ABI4. Our data show that ISI1 couples the availability of carbohydrates to the control of sugar-responsive gene expression and plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Rook
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
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41
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Wentworth M, Murchie EH, Gray JE, Villegas D, Pastenes C, Pinto M, Horton P. Differential adaptation of two varieties of common bean to abiotic stress: II. Acclimation of photosynthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2006; 57:699-709. [PMID: 16415331 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erj061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The photosynthetic characteristics of two contrasting varieties of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) have been determined. These varieties, Arroz and Orfeo, differ in their productivity under stress conditions, resistance to drought stress, and have distinctly different stomatal behaviour. When grown under conditions of high irradiance and high temperature, both varieties displayed evidence of photosynthetic acclimation at the chloroplast level-there was an increase in chlorophyll a/b ratio, a decreased content of Lhcb proteins, and an increased xanthophyll cycle pool size. Both varieties also showed reduced chlorophyll content on a leaf area basis and a decrease in leaf area. Both varieties showed an increase in leaf thickness but only Arroz showed the characteristic elongated palisade cells in the high light-grown plants; Orfeo instead had a larger number of smaller, rounded cells. Differences were found in stomatal development: whereas Arroz showed very little change in stomatal density, Orfeo exhibited a large increase, particularly on the upper leaf surface. It is suggested that these differences in leaf cell structure and stomatal density give rise to altered rates of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. Whereas, Arroz had the same photosynthetic rate in plants grown at both low and high irradiance, Orfeo showed a higher photosynthetic capacity at high irradiance. It is suggested that the higher yield of Orfeo compared with Arroz under stress conditions can be explained, in part, by these cellular differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Wentworth
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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Savitch LV, Allard G, Seki M, Robert LS, Tinker NA, Huner NPA, Shinozaki K, Singh J. The effect of overexpression of two Brassica CBF/DREB1-like transcription factors on photosynthetic capacity and freezing tolerance in Brassica napus. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2005; 46:1525-39. [PMID: 16024910 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pci165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of overexpression of two Brassica CBF/DREB1-like transcription factors (BNCBF5 and 17) in Brassica napus cv. Westar were studied. In addition to developing constitutive freezing tolerance and constitutively accumulating COR gene mRNAs, BNCBF5- and 17-overexpressing plants also accumulate moderate transcript levels of genes involved in photosynthesis and chloroplast development as identified by microarray and Northern analyses. These include GLK1- and GLK2-like transcription factors involved in chloroplast photosynthetic development, chloroplast stroma cyclophilin ROC4 (AtCYP20-3), beta-amylase and triose-P/Pi translocator. In parallel with these changes, increases in photosynthetic efficiency and capacity, pigment pool sizes, increased capacities of the Calvin cycle enzymes, and enzymes of starch and sucrose biosynthesis, as well as glycolysis and oxaloacetate/malate exchange are seen, suggesting that BNCBF overexpression has partially mimicked cold-induced photosynthetic acclimation constitutively. Taken together, these results suggest that BNCBF/DREB1 overexpression in Brassica not only resulted in increased constitutive freezing tolerance but also partially regulated chloroplast development to increase photochemical efficiency and photosynthetic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid V Savitch
- Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0C6
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El-Lithy ME, Rodrigues GC, van Rensen JJS, Snel JFH, Dassen HJHA, Koornneef M, Jansen MAK, Aarts MGM, Vreugdenhil D. Altered photosynthetic performance of a natural Arabidopsis accession is associated with atrazine resistance. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2005; 56:1625-34. [PMID: 15851416 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eri157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Natural variation for photosynthetic traits was studied by determining chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in a collection of Arabidopsis accessions. This screen revealed only one single accession (Ely), exhibiting photosynthetic characteristics markedly different from all others, while a few lines showed small but significant variation. Detailed genetic and physiological analyses showed reduced fitness for Ely compared with the standard laboratory strain Ler for various growth parameters. At low temperature (15 degrees C), Ely had a higher electron transport rate than Ler, indicating increased photosystem II efficiency under this condition, while at high temperature (30 degrees C) the opposite was observed. Ely had a high sensitivity to UV-B radiation compared with Ler and was atrazine resistant. This atrazine-resistance and related chlorophyll fluorescence traits were maternally inherited, pointing towards chloroplast-located gene(s). Definite proof that Ely is atrazine-resistant was obtained by sequencing the psbA gene, encoding the D1 protein of photosystem II, revealing a point mutation causing the same amino acid change as found in other atrazine-resistant species. Additional nuclear encoded genetic variation was also present, as was concluded from the small but significant differences in phenotype between Ely and its reciprocal crosses with Ler. It was concluded that the photosynthetic yield is highly conserved and that only severe selection pressure results in marked variations in photosynthetic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E El-Lithy
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Arboretumlaan 4, 6703 BD Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Terashima I, Araya T, Miyazawa SI, Sone K, Yano S. Construction and maintenance of the optimal photosynthetic systems of the leaf, herbaceous plant and tree: an eco-developmental treatise. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2005; 95:507-19. [PMID: 15598701 PMCID: PMC4246796 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mci049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2003] [Revised: 02/12/2004] [Accepted: 03/26/2004] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The paper by Monsi and Saeki in 1953 (Japanese Journal of Botany 14: 22-52) was pioneering not only in mathematical modelling of canopy photosynthesis but also in eco-developmental studies of seasonal changes in leaf canopies. SCOPE Construction and maintenance mechanisms of efficient photosynthetic systems at three different scaling levels--single leaves, herbaceous plants and trees--are reviewed mainly based on the nitrogen optimization theory. First, the nitrogen optimization theory with respect to the canopy and the single leaf is briefly introduced. Secondly, significance of leaf thickness in CO2 diffusion in the leaf and in leaf photosynthesis is discussed. Thirdly, mechanisms of adjustment of photosynthetic properties of the leaf within the herbaceous plant individual throughout its life are discussed. In particular, roles of sugar sensing, redox control and of cytokinin are highlighted. Finally, the development of a tree is considered. CONCLUSIONS Various mechanisms contribute to construction and maintenance of efficient photosynthetic systems. Molecular backgrounds of these ecologically important mechanisms should be clarified. The construction mechanisms of the tree cannot be explained solely by the nitrogen optimization theory. It is proposed that the pipe model theory in its differential form could be a potential tool in future studies in this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Terashima
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan.
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Thornton LE, Keren N, Ohad I, Pakrasi HB. Physcomitrella patens and Ceratodon purpureus, mosses as model organisms in photosynthesis studies. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2005; 83:87-96. [PMID: 16143910 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-004-5577-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2004] [Accepted: 10/29/2004] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
With the discovery of targeted gene replacement, moss biology has been rapidly advancing over the last 10 years. This study demonstrates the usefulness of moss as a model organism for plant photosynthesis research. The two mosses examined in this study, Physcomitrella patens and Ceratodon purpureus, are easily cultured through vegetative propagation. Growth tests were conducted to determine carbon sources suitable for maintaining heterotrophic growth while photosynthesis was blocked. Photosynthetic parameters examined in these plants indicated that the photosynthetic activity of Ceratodon and Physcomitrella is more similar to vascular plants than cyanobacteria or green algae. Ceratodon plants grown heterotrophically appeared etiolated in that the plants were taller and plastids did not differentiate thylakoid membranes. After returning to the light, the plants developed green, photosynthetically active chloroplasts. Furthermore, UV-induced mutagenesis was used to show that photosynthesis-deficient mutant Ceratodon plants could be obtained. After screening approximately 1000 plants, we obtained a number of mutants, which could be arranged into the following categories: high fluorescence, low fluorescence, fast and slow fluorescence quenching, and fast and slow greening. Our results indicate that in vivo biophysical analysis of photosynthetic activity in the mosses can be carried out which makes both mosses useful for photosynthesis studies, and Ceratodon best sustains perturbations in photosynthetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leeann E Thornton
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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Murchie EH, Hubbart S, Peng S, Horton P. Acclimation of photosynthesis to high irradiance in rice: gene expression and interactions with leaf development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2005; 56:449-60. [PMID: 15647315 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eri100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) has been used to study the long-term responses of photosynthesis to high irradiance focusing on the composition of the photosynthetic apparatus and leaf morphology. Typical sun/shade differences in chloroplast composition are seen in the fifth leaf following growth in high irradiance compared with low irradiance (1000 and 200 micromol m(-2) s(-1), respectively): higher light-saturated rates of photosynthesis (P(max)), higher amounts of Rubisco protein, and a lower chlorophyll a:b ratio. In addition, leaves were thicker under high light compared with low light. However, responses appear more complex when leaf developmental stage is considered. Using a system of transferring plants from low to high light in the laboratory responses that occur before and after full leaf extension have been studied. Acclimation of photosynthesis is limited by leaf age: the transfer to high light, post-leaf extension, is characterized by alterations in chlorophyll a:b but not in Rubisco protein, which may be limited by leaf morphology. Microarray analysis of gene expression was carried out on plants that were transferred to high light post-leaf extension. A down-regulation of light-harvesting genes was seen. No change in the expression level of Rubisco genes was observed. Up-regulation of genes involved in photoprotection was observed. It was also shown that high-light leaf morphology is established prior to formation of the zone of cellular elongation and division. The endogenous and environmental factors which establish the characteristics of high light acclimation may be important for attaining high rates of assimilation in leaves and crop canopies, and the fifth leaf in rice provides a convenient model system for the determination of the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Murchie
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Firth Court, Western Bank, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
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Walters RG, Ibrahim DG, Horton P, Kruger NJ. A mutant of Arabidopsis lacking the triose-phosphate/phosphate translocator reveals metabolic regulation of starch breakdown in the light. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2004; 135:891-906. [PMID: 15173568 PMCID: PMC514124 DOI: 10.1104/pp.104.040469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2004] [Revised: 03/11/2004] [Accepted: 03/11/2004] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The chloroplast envelope triose-phosphate/phosphate translocator (TPT) is responsible for carbohydrate export during photosynthesis. Using measurements of carbohydrates, partitioning of assimilated 14CO2, photosynthetic gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence, we show that a mutant of Arabidopsis lacking the TPT increases synthesis of starch compared to the wild type, thereby compensating for a deficiency in its ability to export triose-phosphate from the chloroplast. However, during growth under high light, the capacity for starch synthesis becomes limiting so that the chloroplastic phosphate pool is depleted, resulting in a restriction on electron transport, a reduction in the rate of photosynthesis, and slowed plant growth. Under the same conditions but not under low light, we observe release of 14C label from starch, indicating that its synthesis and degradation occur simultaneously in the light. The induction of starch turnover in the mutant specifically under high light conditions leads us to conclude that it is regulated by one or more metabolic signals, which arise as a result of phosphate limitation of photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin G Walters
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom.
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