1
|
Yamaji N, Yoshioka Y, Huang S, Miyaji T, Sasaki A, Ma JF. An oligo peptide transporter family member, OsOPT7, mediates xylem unloading of Fe for its preferential distribution in rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:2620-2634. [PMID: 38600023 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) needs to be delivered to different organs and tissues of above-ground parts for playing its multiple physiological functions once it is taken up by the roots. However, the mechanisms underlying Fe distribution are poorly understood. We functionally characterized OsOPT7, a member of oligo peptide transporter family in terms of expression patterns, localization, transport activity and phenotypic analysis of knockdown lines. OsOPT7 was highly expressed in the nodes, especially in the uppermost node I, and its expression was upregulated by Fe-deficiency. OsOPT7 transports ferrous iron into the cells coupled with proton. Immunostaining revealed that OsOPT7 is mainly localized in the xylem parenchyma cells of the enlarged vascular bundles in the nodes and vascular tissues in the leaves. Knockdown of OsOPT7 did not affect the Fe uptake, but altered Fe distribution; less Fe was distributed to the new leaf, upper nodes and developing panicle, but more Fe was distributed to the old leaves. Furthermore, knockdown of OsOPT7 also resulted in less Fe distribution to the leaf sheath, but more Fe to the leaf blade. Taken together, OsOPT7 is involved in the xylem unloading of Fe for both long-distance distribution to the developing organs and local distribution within the leaf in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Yamaji
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Yuma Yoshioka
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Tsushima Naka 1-1-1, Kita, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Sheng Huang
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Takaaki Miyaji
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Tsushima Naka 1-1-1, Kita, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
- Department of Genomics & Proteomics, Advanced Science Research Center, Okayama University, Tsushima Naka 1-1-1, Kita, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Akimasa Sasaki
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Jian Feng Ma
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bouranis DL, Chorianopoulou SN. Foliar Application of Sulfur-Containing Compounds-Pros and Cons. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3794. [PMID: 38005690 PMCID: PMC10674314 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Sulfate is taken up from the soil solution by the root system; and inside the plant, it is assimilated to hydrogen sulfide, which in turn is converted to cysteine. Sulfate is also taken up by the leaves, when foliage is sprayed with solutions containing sulfate fertilizers. Moreover, several other sulfur (S)-containing compounds are provided through foliar application, including the S metabolites hydrogen sulfide, glutathione, cysteine, methionine, S-methylmethionine, and lipoic acid. However, S compounds that are not metabolites, such as thiourea and lignosulfonates, along with dimethyl sulfoxide and S-containing adjuvants, are provided by foliar application-these are the S-containing agrochemicals. In this review, we elaborate on the fate of these compounds after spraying foliage and on the rationale and the efficiency of such foliar applications. The foliar application of S-compounds in various combinations is an emerging area of agricultural usefulness. In the agricultural practice, the S-containing compounds are not applied alone in spray solutions and the need for proper combinations is of prime importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris L. Bouranis
- Plant Physiology and Morphology Laboratory, Crop Science Department, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece;
- PlanTerra Institute for Plant Nutrition and Soil Quality, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Styliani N. Chorianopoulou
- Plant Physiology and Morphology Laboratory, Crop Science Department, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece;
- PlanTerra Institute for Plant Nutrition and Soil Quality, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang C, Wang X, Li J, Guan J, Tan Z, Zhang Z, Shi G. Genome-Wide Identification and Transcript Analysis Reveal Potential Roles of Oligopeptide Transporter Genes in Iron Deficiency Induced Cadmium Accumulation in Peanut. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:894848. [PMID: 35646039 PMCID: PMC9131082 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.894848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The oligopeptide transporter (OPT) family is a group of proton-coupled symporters that play diverse roles, including metal homeostasis. However, little is known about this family of peanuts. To reveal the potential roles of AhOPT genes in Fe/Cd interactions, peanut AhOPT genes were genome-widely identified, and the relationships between gene expression and Cd accumulation were detected in two contrasting peanut cultivars (Fenghua 1 and Silihong) under Fe-sufficient or Fe-deficient conditions. A total of 40 AhOPT genes were identified in peanuts, which were divided into two subfamilies (PT and YS). Most AhOPT genes underwent gene duplication events predominated by whole-genome duplication. Clustered members generally have similar protein structures. However, gene structural divergences occurred in most of the duplicated genes. Transcription analysis revealed that AhOPT3.2/3.4 and AhYSL3.1/3.2 might be responsible for Fe deficiency tolerance, while AhOPT3.1/3.4, AhOPT7.1/7.2, and AhYSL1.1 be involved in Fe/Cd interactions. These genes might be regulated by transcription factors, including ATHB-12, ATHB-6, DIVARICATA, MYB30, NAC02, DOF3.4, IDD7, and LUX. Reduced expressions of AhYSL3.1/3.2 and higher expressions of AhOPT3.4 might contribute to higher Fe-deficiency tolerance in Silihong. Higher expression of AhOPT7.3 and AhOPT6.1 might be responsible for low Cd accumulation in Fenghua 1. Our results confirmed that AhOPT3/6/7 and AhYSL1/3 might be involved in the transport of Fe and/or Cd in peanuts and provided new clues to understanding potential mechanisms of Fe/Cd interactions.
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang Y, Zhang X, Luo B, Hu H, Zhong H, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Gao J, Liu D, Wu L, Gao S, Gao D, Gao S. Identification of a new mutant allele of ZmYSL2 that regulates kernel development and nutritional quality in maize. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2022; 42:7. [PMID: 37309320 PMCID: PMC10248714 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-022-01278-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The discovery and characterization of the opaque endosperm gene provide ideas and resources for the production and application of maize. We found an o213 mutant whose phenotype was opaque and shrunken endosperm with semi-dwarf plant height. The protein, lipid, and starch contents in the o213 endosperm were significantly decreased, while the free amino acid content in the o213 endosperm significantly increased. The aspartic acid, asparagine, and lysine contents were raised in the o213 endosperm by 6.5-, 8.5-, and 1.7-fold, respectively. Genetic analysis showed that this o213 mutant is a recessive single-gene mutation. The position mapping indicated that o213 is located in a 468-kb region that contains 11 protein-encoding genes on the long arm of chromosome 5. The coding sequence analysis of candidate genes between the WT and o213 showed that ZmYSL2 had only a single-base substitution (A-G) in the fifth exon, which caused methionine substitution to valine. Sequence analysis and the allelic test showed that o213 is a new mutant allele of ZmYSL2. The qRT-PCR results indicated that o213 is highly expressed in the stalks and anthers. Subcellular localization studies showed that o213 is a membrane transporter. In the variation analysis of o213, the amplification of 65 inbred lines in GWAS showed that this 3-bp deletion of the first exon of o213 was found only in temperate inbred lines, implying that the gene was artificially affected in the selection process. Our results suggest that o213 is an important endosperm development gene and may serve as a genetic resource. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-022-01278-9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yikai Wang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Bowen Luo
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Hongmei Hu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Haixu Zhong
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Zhicheng Zhang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Jiajia Gao
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Dan Liu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Ling Wu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Shiqiang Gao
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Duojiang Gao
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Shibin Gao
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Garneau MG, Lu MZ, Grant J, Tegeder M. Role of source-to-sink transport of methionine in establishing seed protein quantity and quality in legumes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:2134-2155. [PMID: 34618032 PMCID: PMC8644406 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Grain legumes such as pea (Pisum sativum L.) are highly valued as a staple source of protein for human and animal nutrition. However, their seeds often contain limited amounts of high-quality, sulfur (S) rich proteins, caused by a shortage of the S-amino acids cysteine and methionine. It was hypothesized that legume seed quality is directly linked to the amount of organic S transported from leaves to seeds, and imported into the growing embryo. We expressed a high-affinity yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) methionine/cysteine transporter (Methionine UPtake 1) in both the pea leaf phloem and seed cotyledons and found source-to-sink transport of methionine but not cysteine increased. Changes in methionine phloem loading triggered improvements in S uptake and assimilation and long-distance transport of the S compounds, S-methylmethionine and glutathione. In addition, nitrogen and carbon assimilation and source-to-sink allocation were upregulated, together resulting in increased plant biomass and seed yield. Further, methionine and amino acid delivery to individual seeds and uptake by the cotyledons improved, leading to increased accumulation of storage proteins by up to 23%, due to both higher levels of S-poor and, most importantly, S-rich proteins. Sulfate delivery to the embryo and S assimilation in the cotyledons were also upregulated, further contributing to the improved S-rich storage protein pools and seed quality. Overall, this work demonstrates that methionine transporter function in source and sink tissues presents a bottleneck in S allocation to seeds and that its targeted manipulation is essential for overcoming limitations in the accumulation of high-quality seed storage proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Garneau
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Ming-Zhu Lu
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Jan Grant
- New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Mechthild Tegeder
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Aioub AAA, Zuo Y, Li Y, Qie X, Zhang X, Essmat N, Wu W, Hu Z. Transcriptome analysis of Plantago major as a phytoremediator to identify some genes related to cypermethrin detoxification. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:5101-5115. [PMID: 32954451 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10774-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cypermethrin (CYP) is a toxic manmade chemical compound belonging to pyrethroid insecticides contaminating the environment. Plantago major (PM) has numerous excellent advantages like high biomass yield and great stress tolerance, which make it able to increase the efficacy of phytoremediation. So far, no study has directly or indirectly made a transcriptome analysis (RNA-seq) of PM under CYP stress. The aim of this study is to identify the genes in PM related to CYP detoxification (10 μg mL-1) and compared with control. In this study, BGISEQ-500 high-throughput sequencing technology independently developed by BGI was used to sequence the transcriptome of P. major. Six libraries were constructed including (CK_1, CK_2, and CK_3) and (CYP_1, CYP_2, and CYP_3) were sequenced for transcripts involved in CYP detoxification. Our data showed that de novo assembly generated 138,806 unigenes with an average length of 1129 bp. Analyzing the annotation results of the KEGG database between the samples revealed 37,177 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 18,062 down- and 19,115 upregulated under CYP treatment compared with control. A set of 107 genes of cytochrome P450 (Cyt P450), 43 genes of glutathione S-transferases (GST), 25 genes of glycosyltransferases (GTs), 113 genes from ABC transporters, 21 genes from multidrug and toxin efflux (MATE), 11 genes from oligopeptide transporter (OPT), and 3 genes of metallothioneins (MT) were upregulated notably. By using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), the results of gene expression for 12 randomly selected DEGs were confirmed, showing the different patterns of response to CYP in PM tissues. Furthermore, the enzyme activity of Cyt P450 and GST in PM under CYP stress was significantly increased in roots and leaves than in control. This study introduces a clue to understand the metabolic pathways of plants used in phytoremediation by identifying the highly expressed genes related to phytoremediation which would be utilized to enhance pesticide detoxification and reduce pollution problem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A A Aioub
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Yayun Zuo
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R & D of Shaanxi, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yankai Li
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R & D of Shaanxi, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xingtao Qie
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R & D of Shaanxi, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xianxia Zhang
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R & D of Shaanxi, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nariman Essmat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Wenjun Wu
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R & D of Shaanxi, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhaonong Hu
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R & D of Shaanxi, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Whitcomb SJ, Rakpenthai A, Brückner F, Fischer A, Parmar S, Erban A, Kopka J, Hawkesford MJ, Hoefgen R. Cysteine and Methionine Biosynthetic Enzymes Have Distinct Effects on Seed Nutritional Quality and on Molecular Phenotypes Associated With Accumulation of a Methionine-Rich Seed Storage Protein in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1118. [PMID: 32793268 PMCID: PMC7387578 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Staple crops in human and livestock diets suffer from deficiencies in certain "essential" amino acids including methionine. With the goal of increasing methionine in rice seed, we generated a pair of "Push × Pull" double transgenic lines, each containing a methionine-dense seed storage protein (2S albumin from sunflower, HaSSA) and an exogenous enzyme for either methionine (feedback desensitized cystathionine gamma synthase from Arabidopsis, AtD-CGS) or cysteine (serine acetyltransferase from E. coli, EcSAT) biosynthesis. In both double transgenic lines, the total seed methionine content was approximately 50% higher than in their untransformed parental line, Oryza sativa ssp. japonica cv. Taipei 309. HaSSA-containing rice seeds were reported to display an altered seed protein profile, speculatively due to insufficient sulfur amino acid content. However, here we present data suggesting that this may result from an overloaded protein folding machinery in the endoplasmic reticulum rather than primarily from redistribution of limited methionine from endogenous seed proteins to HaSSA. We hypothesize that HaSSA-associated endoplasmic reticulum stress results in redox perturbations that negatively impact sulfate reduction to cysteine, and we speculate that this is mitigated by EcSAT-associated increased sulfur import into the seed, which facilitates additional synthesis of cysteine and glutathione. The data presented here reveal challenges associated with increasing the methionine content in rice seed, including what may be relatively low protein folding capacity in the endoplasmic reticulum and an insufficient pool of sulfate available for additional cysteine and methionine synthesis. We propose that future approaches to further improve the methionine content in rice should focus on increasing seed sulfur loading and avoiding the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Oryza sativa ssp. japonica: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:60471378-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Whitcomb
- Laboratory of Amino Acid and Sulfur Metabolism, Department of Molecular Physiology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Apidet Rakpenthai
- Laboratory of Amino Acid and Sulfur Metabolism, Department of Molecular Physiology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Franziska Brückner
- Laboratory of Amino Acid and Sulfur Metabolism, Department of Molecular Physiology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Axel Fischer
- Bioinformatics Infrastructure Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Saroj Parmar
- Plant Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Erban
- Applied Metabolome Analysis Infrastructure Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Applied Metabolome Analysis Infrastructure Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Rainer Hoefgen
- Laboratory of Amino Acid and Sulfur Metabolism, Department of Molecular Physiology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Oestreicher J, Morgan B. Glutathione: subcellular distribution and membrane transport 1. Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 97:270-289. [PMID: 30427707 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2018-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (γ-l-glutamyl-l-cysteinylglycine) is a small tripeptide found at millimolar concentrations in nearly all eukaryotes as well as many prokaryotic cells. Glutathione synthesis is restricted to the cytosol in animals and fungi and to the cytosol and plastids in plants. Nonetheless, glutathione is found in virtually all subcellular compartments. This implies that transporters must exist that facilitate glutathione transport into and out of the various subcellular compartments. Glutathione may also be exported and imported across the plasma membrane in many cells. However, in most cases, the molecular identity of these transporters remains unclear. Whilst glutathione transport is essential for the supply and replenishment of subcellular glutathione pools, recent evidence supports a more active role for glutathione transport in the regulation of subcellular glutathione redox homeostasis. However, our knowledge of glutathione redox homeostasis at the level of specific subcellular compartments remains remarkably limited and the role of glutathione transport remains largely unclear. In this review, we discuss how new tools and techniques have begun to yield insights into subcellular glutathione distribution and glutathione redox homeostasis. In particular, we discuss the known and putative glutathione transporters and examine their contribution to the regulation of subcellular glutathione redox homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Oestreicher
- a Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.,b Institute of Biochemistry, Center of Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), University of the Saarland, Campus B 2.2, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Bruce Morgan
- a Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.,b Institute of Biochemistry, Center of Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), University of the Saarland, Campus B 2.2, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wongkaew A, Asayama K, Kitaiwa T, Nakamura SI, Kojima K, Stacey G, Sekimoto H, Yokoyama T, Ohkama-Ohtsu N. AtOPT6 Protein Functions in Long-Distance Transport of Glutathione in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:1443-1451. [PMID: 29669129 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of the Arabidopsis oligopeptide transporter AtOPT6, which was previously shown to take up glutathione (GSH) when expressed in yeast cells or in Xenopus laevis oocytes, in GSH transport was analyzed using opt6 knockout mutant lines. The concentration of GSH in flowers or siliques was lower in opt6 mutants relative to wild-type plants, suggesting involvement of AtOPT6 in long-distance transport of GSH. The GSH concentration in phloem sap was similar between opt6 mutants and wild-type plants. These results, combined with earlier reports showing expression of AtOPT6 in the vascular bundle, especially in the cambial zone, suggest that AtOPT6 functions to transport GSH into cells surrounding the phloem in sink organs. The opt6 mutant plants showed delayed bolting, implying the importance of AtOPT6 for regulation of the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. After cadmium (Cd) treatment, the concentration of the major phytochelatin PC2 was lower in flowers in the opt6 mutants and Cd was accumulated in roots of opt6 mutant plants compared with wild-type plants. These results suggest that AtOPT6 is likely to be involved in transporting GSH, PCs and Cd complexed with these thiols into sink organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arunee Wongkaew
- United Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koki Asayama
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taisuke Kitaiwa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Nakamura
- Department of Biological Production, Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidobata-Nishi, Shimoshinjo-Nakano, Akita-shi, Akita, Japan
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Kojima
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gary Stacey
- Divisions of Plant Science and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Hitoshi Sekimoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-machi, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yokoyama
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Ohkama-Ohtsu
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pu Y, Yang D, Yin X, Wang Q, Chen Q, Yang Y, Yang Y. Genome-wide analysis indicates diverse physiological roles of the turnip ( Brassica rapa var. rapa) oligopeptide transporters gene family. PLANT DIVERSITY 2018; 40:57-67. [PMID: 30159543 PMCID: PMC6091929 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Oligopeptide transporters (OPTs) encode integral membrane-localized proteins and have a broad range of substrate transport capabilities. Here, 28 BrrOPT genes were identified in the turnip. Phylogenetic analyses revealed two well-supported clades in the OPT family, containing 15 BrrOPTs and 13 BrrYSLs. The exon/intron structure of OPT clade are conserved but the yellow stripe-like (YSL) clade was different. The exon/intron of the YSL clade possesses structural differences, whereas the YSL class motifs structure are conserved. The OPT genes are distributed unevenly among the chromosomes of the turnip genome. Phylogenetic and chromosomal distribution analyses revealed that the expansion of the OPT gene family is mainly attributable to segmental duplication. For the expression profiles at different developmental stages, a comprehensive analysis provided insights into the possible functional divergence among members of the paralog OPT gene family. Different expression levels under a variety of ion deficiencies also indicated that the OPT family underwent functional divergence during long-term evolution. Furthermore, BrrOPT8.1, BrrYSL1.2, BrrYSL1.3, BrrYSL6 and BrrYSL9 responded to Fe(II) treatments and BrrYSL7 responded to calcium treatments, BrrYSL6 responded to multiple treatments in root, suggesting that turnip OPTs may be involved in mediating cross-talk among different ion deficiencies. Our data provide important information for further functional dissection of BrrOPTs, especially in transporting metal ions and nutrient deficiency stress adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Pu
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650204, China
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Danni Yang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650204, China
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Yin
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650204, China
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiuli Wang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650204, China
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650204, China
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yunqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650204, China
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yongping Yang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650204, China
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ding S, Ma C, Shi W, Liu W, Lu Y, Liu Q, Luo ZB. Exogenous glutathione enhances cadmium accumulation and alleviates its toxicity in Populus × canescens. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 37:1697-1712. [PMID: 29121354 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpx132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) plays an important role in cadmium (Cd) tolerance in woody plants, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. To elucidate the physiological and transcriptional regulation mechanisms of GSH-mediated Cd tolerance in woody plants, we exposed Populus × canescens (Ait.) Smith saplings to either 0 or 75 μM Cd together with one of three external GSH levels. Glutathione treatments include buthionine sulfoximine (BSO, an inhibitor of GSH biosynthesis), no external GSH and exogenous GSH. External GSH resulted in higher Cd2+ uptake rate in the roots, greater Cd amount in poplars, lower Cd-induced H2O2 levels in the roots, and higher contents of endogenous GSH in Cd-treated roots and leaves. Furthermore, external GSH led to upregulated transcript levels of several genes including zinc/iron regulated transporter related protein 6.2 (ZIP6.2) and natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1.3 (NRAMP1.3), which probably take part in Cd uptake, glutathione synthetase 2 (GS2) implicated in Cd detoxification, metal tolerance protein 1 (MTP1) and ATP-binding cassette transporter C3 (ABCC3) involved in Cd vacuolar accumulation in the roots, γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (ECS) and phytochelatin synthetase family protein 1 (PCS1) involved in Cd detoxification, and oligopeptide transporter 7 (OPT7) probably implicated in Cd detoxification in the leaves of Cd-exposed P. × canescens. In contrast, BSO often displayed the opposite effects on Cd-triggered physiological and transcriptional regulation responses in poplars. These results suggest that exogenous GSH can enhance Cd accumulation and alleviate its toxicity in poplars. This is probably attributed to external-GSH-induced higher net Cd2+ influx in the roots, greater Cd accumulation in aerial parts, stronger scavenging of reactive oxygen species, and transcriptional overexpression of several genes involved in Cd uptake, detoxification and accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shen Ding
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaofeng Ma
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenguang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Wenzhe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Qifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Distéfano AM, Martin MV, Córdoba JP, Bellido AM, D'Ippólito S, Colman SL, Soto D, Roldán JA, Bartoli CG, Zabaleta EJ, Fiol DF, Stockwell BR, Dixon SJ, Pagnussat GC. Heat stress induces ferroptosis-like cell death in plants. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:463-476. [PMID: 28100685 PMCID: PMC5294777 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201605110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In plants, regulated cell death (RCD) plays critical roles during development and is essential for plant-specific responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent, oxidative, nonapoptotic form of cell death recently described in animal cells. In animal cells, this process can be triggered by depletion of glutathione (GSH) and accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS). We investigated whether a similar process could be relevant to cell death in plants. Remarkably, heat shock (HS)-induced RCD, but not reproductive or vascular development, was found to involve a ferroptosis-like cell death process. In root cells, HS triggered an iron-dependent cell death pathway that was characterized by depletion of GSH and ascorbic acid and accumulation of cytosolic and lipid ROS. These results suggest a physiological role for this lethal pathway in response to heat stress in Arabidopsis thaliana The similarity of ferroptosis in animal cells and ferroptosis-like death in plants suggests that oxidative, iron-dependent cell death programs may be evolutionarily ancient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayelén Mariana Distéfano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Martin
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Juan Pablo Córdoba
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Andrés Martín Bellido
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Sebastián D'Ippólito
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Silvana Lorena Colman
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Débora Soto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Juan Alfredo Roldán
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Carlos Guillermo Bartoli
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata Centro Científico Technológico La Plata CONICET, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Julián Zabaleta
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Diego Fernando Fiol
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Brent R Stockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027.,Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Scott J Dixon
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Gabriela Carolina Pagnussat
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Podgórska A, Burian M, Szal B. Extra-Cellular But Extra-Ordinarily Important for Cells: Apoplastic Reactive Oxygen Species Metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1353. [PMID: 28878783 PMCID: PMC5572287 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), by their very nature, are highly reactive, and it is no surprise that they can cause damage to organic molecules. In cells, ROS are produced as byproducts of many metabolic reactions, but plants are prepared for this ROS output. Even though extracellular ROS generation constitutes only a minor part of a cell's total ROS level, this fraction is of extraordinary importance. In an active apoplastic ROS burst, it is mainly the respiratory burst oxidases and peroxidases that are engaged, and defects of these enzymes can affect plant development and stress responses. It must be highlighted that there are also other less well-known enzymatic or non-enzymatic ROS sources. There is a need for ROS detoxification in the apoplast, and almost all cellular antioxidants are present in this space, but the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the concentration of low-mass antioxidants is very low. The low antioxidant efficiency in the apoplast allows ROS to accumulate easily, which is a condition for ROS signaling. Therefore, the apoplastic ROS/antioxidant homeostasis is actively engaged in the reception and reaction to many biotic and abiotic stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bożena Szal
- *Correspondence: Bożena Szal, Anna Podgórska,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Helwi P, Guillaumie S, Thibon C, Keime C, Habran A, Hilbert G, Gomes E, Darriet P, Delrot S, van Leeuwen C. Vine nitrogen status and volatile thiols and their precursors from plot to transcriptome level. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:173. [PMID: 27498539 PMCID: PMC4976470 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0836-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Volatile thiols largely contribute to the organoleptic characteristics and typicity of Sauvignon blanc wines. Among this family of odorous compounds, 3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol (3SH) and 4-methyl-4-sulfanylpentan-2-one (4MSP) have a major impact on wine flavor. These thiols are formed during alcoholic fermentation by the yeast from odorless, non-volatile precursors found in the berries and the must. The present study investigates the effects of vine nitrogen (N) status on 3SH and 4MSP content in Sauvignon blanc wine and on the glutathionylated and cysteinylated precursors of 3SH (Glut-3SH and Cys-3SH) in the berries and the must. This is paralleled by a RNA-seq analysis of gene expression in the berries. The impact of N supply on the expression of the glutathione-S-transferase 3 and 4 (VviGST3 and VviGST4) and the γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (VviGGT), considered as key genes in their biosynthesis, was also evaluated. RESULTS N supply (N100 treatment) increased the 3SH content in wine while no effect was noticed on 4MSP level. Furthermore, N supply increased Glut-3SH levels in grape berries at late berry ripening stages, and this effect was highly significant in must at harvest. No significant effect of N addition was noticed on Cys-3SH concentration. The transcript abundance of the glutathione-S-transferases VviGST3 and VviGST4 and the γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (VviGGT), were similar between the control and the N100 treatment. New candidate genes which might be implicated in the biosynthetic pathway of 3SH precursors were identified by whole transcriptome shotgun sequencing (RNA-seq). CONCLUSIONS High vine N status has a positive effect on 3SH content in wine through an increase of Glut-3SH levels in grape berries and must. Candidate GSTs and glutathione-S-conjugates type transporters involved in this stimulation were identified by RNA-seq analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Helwi
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (EGFV), UMR 1287, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (EGFV), UMR 1287, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- INRA, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (EGFV), UMR 1287, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Sabine Guillaumie
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (EGFV), UMR 1287, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- INRA, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (EGFV), UMR 1287, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Cécile Thibon
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Unité de recherche Œnologie, EA 4577, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- INRA, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), USC 1366 Œnologie, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Céline Keime
- Univ. de Strasbourg, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IBGMC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U 964, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique UMR 7104, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Aude Habran
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (EGFV), UMR 1287, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- INRA, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (EGFV), UMR 1287, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Ghislaine Hilbert
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (EGFV), UMR 1287, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- INRA, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (EGFV), UMR 1287, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Eric Gomes
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (EGFV), UMR 1287, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- INRA, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (EGFV), UMR 1287, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Philippe Darriet
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Unité de recherche Œnologie, EA 4577, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- INRA, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), USC 1366 Œnologie, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Serge Delrot
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (EGFV), UMR 1287, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- INRA, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (EGFV), UMR 1287, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Cornelis van Leeuwen
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (EGFV), UMR 1287, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bashir K, Ishimaru Y, Itai RN, Senoura T, Takahashi M, An G, Oikawa T, Ueda M, Sato A, Uozumi N, Nakanishi H, Nishizawa NK. Iron deficiency regulated OsOPT7 is essential for iron homeostasis in rice. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 88:165-76. [PMID: 25893776 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-015-0315-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of iron (Fe) uptake and transport in plants are well-characterized; however, many components of Fe homeostasis remain unclear. We cloned iron-deficiency-regulated oligopeptide transporter 7 (OsOPT7) from rice. OsOPT7 localized to the plasma membrane and did not transport Fe(III)-DMA or Fe(II)-NA and GSH in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Furthermore OsOPT7 did not complement the growth of yeast fet3fet4 mutant. OsOPT7 was specifically upregulated in response to Fe-deficiency. Promoter GUS analysis revealed that OsOPT7 expresses in root tips, root vascular tissue and shoots as well as during seed development. Microarray analysis of OsOPT7 knockout 1 (opt7-1) revealed the upregulation of Fe-deficiency-responsive genes in plants grown under Fe-sufficient conditions, despite the high Fe and ferritin concentrations in shoot tissue indicating that Fe may not be available for physiological functions. Plants overexpressing OsOPT7 do not exhibit any phenotype and do not accumulate more Fe compared to wild type plants. These results indicate that OsOPT7 may be involved in Fe transport in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khurram Bashir
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kohl S, Hollmann J, Erban A, Kopka J, Riewe D, Weschke W, Weber H. Metabolic and transcriptional transitions in barley glumes reveal a role as transitory resource buffers during endosperm filling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:1397-411. [PMID: 25617470 PMCID: PMC4339599 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
During grain filling in barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Barke) reserves are remobilized from vegetative organs. Glumes represent the vegetative tissues closest to grains, senesce late, and are involved in the conversion of assimilates. To analyse glume development and metabolism related to grain filling, parallel transcript and metabolite profiling in glumes and endosperm were performed, showing that glume metabolism and development adjusts to changing grain demands, reflected by specific signatures of metabolite and transcript abundances. Before high endosperm sink strength is established by storage product accumulation, glumes form early, intermediary sink organs, shifting then to remobilizing and exporting source organs. Metabolic and transcriptional transitions occur at two phases: first, at the onset of endosperm filling, as a consequence of endosperm sink activity and assimilate depletion in endosperm and vascular tissues; second, at late grain filling, by developmental ageing and senescence. Regulation of and transition between phases are probably governed by specific NAC and WRKY transcription factors, and both abscisic and jasmonic acid, and are accompanied by changed expression of specific nitrogen transporters. Expression and metabolite profiling suggest glume-specific mechanisms of assimilate conversion and translocation. In summary, grain filling and endosperm sink strength coordinate phase changes in glumes via metabolic, hormonal, and transcriptional control. This study provides a comprehensive view of barley glume development and metabolism, and identifies candidate genes and associated pathways, potentially important for breeding improved grain traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kohl
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Julien Hollmann
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexander Erban
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - David Riewe
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Winfriede Weschke
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Hans Weber
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Soudek P, Petrová Š, Vaňková R, Song J, Vaněk T. Accumulation of heavy metals using Sorghum sp. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 104:15-24. [PMID: 24268752 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The essential requirement for the effective phytoremediation is selection of a plant species which should be metal tolerant, with high biomass production and known agronomic techniques. The above mentioned criteria are met by crop plant sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). The response of hydroponically grown S. bicolor plants to cadmium and zinc stress was followed. The impact of metal application on physiological parameters, including changes in chlorophylls contents and antioxidative enzymes activities, was followed during the stress progression. Cadmium and zinc were accumulated primarily in the roots of sorghum plants. However, elevation of metal concentrations in the media promoted their transfer to the shoots. Toxic effects of metals applied at lower concentrations were less serious in the shoots in comparison with their influence to the roots. When applied at higher concentrations, transfer of the metals into the leaves increased, causing growth reduction and leading to Chl loss and metal-induced chlorosis. Moreover, higher metal levels in the roots overcame the quenching capacity of peroxidase and glutathione transferase, which was associated with reduction of their activities. Fortification of antioxidant system by addition of glutathione significantly increased the accumulation of cadmium in the roots as well as in the shoots at the highest cadmium concentration applied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Soudek
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i., Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague 6 - Lysolaje, Czech Republic
| | - Šarka Petrová
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i., Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague 6 - Lysolaje, Czech Republic
| | - Radomíra Vaňková
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i., Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague 6 - Lysolaje, Czech Republic
| | - Jing Song
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71 East Beijing Road, 210008 Nanjing, China
| | - Tomaš Vaněk
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i., Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague 6 - Lysolaje, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhai Z, Gayomba SR, Jung HI, Vimalakumari NK, Piñeros M, Craft E, Rutzke MA, Danku J, Lahner B, Punshon T, Guerinot ML, Salt DE, Kochian LV, Vatamaniuk OK. OPT3 Is a Phloem-Specific Iron Transporter That Is Essential for Systemic Iron Signaling and Redistribution of Iron and Cadmium in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:2249-2264. [PMID: 24867923 PMCID: PMC4079381 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.123737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Iron is essential for both plant growth and human health and nutrition. Knowledge of the signaling mechanisms that communicate iron demand from shoots to roots to regulate iron uptake as well as the transport systems mediating iron partitioning into edible plant tissues is critical for the development of crop biofortification strategies. Here, we report that OPT3, previously classified as an oligopeptide transporter, is a plasma membrane transporter capable of transporting transition ions in vitro. Studies in Arabidopsis thaliana show that OPT3 loads iron into the phloem, facilitates iron recirculation from the xylem to the phloem, and regulates both shoot-to-root iron signaling and iron redistribution from mature to developing tissues. We also uncovered an aspect of crosstalk between iron homeostasis and cadmium partitioning that is mediated by OPT3. Together, these discoveries provide promising avenues for targeted strategies directed at increasing iron while decreasing cadmium density in the edible portions of crops and improving agricultural productivity in iron deficient soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Zhai
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Sheena R Gayomba
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Ha-Il Jung
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | | | - Miguel Piñeros
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Eric Craft
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Michael A Rutzke
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - John Danku
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, AS24 3UU Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Brett Lahner
- Center for Plant Environmental Stress Physiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Tracy Punshon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
| | - Mary Lou Guerinot
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
| | - David E Salt
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, AS24 3UU Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Leon V Kochian
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Olena K Vatamaniuk
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gigolashvili T, Kopriva S. Transporters in plant sulfur metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:442. [PMID: 25250037 PMCID: PMC4158793 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur is an essential nutrient, necessary for synthesis of many metabolites. The uptake of sulfate, primary and secondary assimilation, the biosynthesis, storage, and final utilization of sulfur (S) containing compounds requires a lot of movement between organs, cells, and organelles. Efficient transport systems of S-containing compounds across the internal barriers or the plasma membrane and organellar membranes are therefore required. Here, we review a current state of knowledge of the transport of a range of S-containing metabolites within and between the cells as well as of their long distance transport. An improved understanding of mechanisms and regulation of transport will facilitate successful engineering of the respective pathways, to improve the plant yield, biotic interaction and nutritional properties of crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Gigolashvili
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Botanical Institute and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Cologne Biocenter, University of CologneCologne Germany
- *Correspondence: Tamara Gigolashvili, Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Botanical Institute and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Street 47 B, 50674 Cologne, Germany e-mail:
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- Plant Biochemistry Department, Botanical Institute and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Cologne Biocenter, University of CologneCologne Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Xiang Q, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Wang H. An oligopeptide transporter gene family in Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Gene 2013; 522:133-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
21
|
Tnani H, López-Ribera I, García-Muniz N, Vicient CM. ZmPTR1, a maize peptide transporter expressed in the epithelial cells of the scutellum during germination. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 207:140-147. [PMID: 23602109 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In plants, peptide transporter/nitrate transporter 1 (PTR/NRT1) family proteins transport a variety of substrates such as nitrate, di- and tripepetides, auxin and carboxylates across membranes. We isolated and characterized ZmPTR1, a maize member of this family. ZmPTR1 protein sequence is highly homologous to the previously characterized di- and tripeptide Arabidopsis transporters AtPTR2, AtPTR4 and AtPTR6. ZmPTR1 gene is expressed in the cells of the scutellar epithelium during germination and, to a less extent, in the radicle and the hypocotyl. Arabidopsis thaliana lines overexpressing ZmPTR1 performed better than control plants when grown on a medium with Ala-Ala dipeptide as the unique N source. Our results suggest that ZmPTR1 plays a role in the transport into the embryo of the small peptides produced during enzymatic hydrolysis of the storage proteins in the endosperm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hedia Tnani
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Centre for Research in Agrigenomics CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra-Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Liu T, Zeng J, Xia K, Fan T, Li Y, Wang Y, Xu X, Zhang M. Evolutionary expansion and functional diversification of oligopeptide transporter gene family in rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2012; 5:12. [PMID: 27234238 PMCID: PMC5520842 DOI: 10.1186/1939-8433-5-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oligopeptide transporters (OPTs) play important roles in the mobilization of organic nitrogenous compounds and usually associate with tissues that show signs of rapid protein hydrolysis, such as germinating seeds and senescing leaves. This study is to investigate rice OPT genes. RESULTS A total of sixteen OsOPT genes (Os for Oryza sative L.) were identified in the rice genome, which were then classified into six sections that belong to two subfamilies (the PT and YSL subfamily). The major mechanisms for evolutionary expansion of the sixteen genes during the rice genome evolution include segmental and tandem duplication. Calculation of the duplication event dates indicated that the sixteen genes originated from nine original OsOPT genes, and the duplication events could be classified into three evolutionary stages. The first evolutionary stage occurred approximately 50 million years ago (Mya) and involved the evolution of four new genes. The second evolutionary stage was approximately 20 Mya and was marked by the appearance of two new genes, and the third evolutionary stage was approximately 9 Mya when two new genes evolved. Mining of the expression database and RT-PCR analysis indicated that the expression of most duplicated OsOPT genes showed high tissue specificities. Diverse expression patterns for the sixteen genes were evaluated using both semi-quantitative RT-PCR and the MPSS data. Expression levels of some OsOPT genes were regulated by abiotic and biotic stresses suggesting the potential involvement of these gene products in rice stress adaptation. Five OsOPT gene mutants showed abnormal development and growth, the primary analysis of five OsOPT gene mutants suggested that they may be necessary for rice development. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that rice-specific OsOPT genes might be potentially useful in improving rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Genetics and Breeding, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 People's Republic of China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiqing Zeng
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Genetics and Breeding, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 People's Republic of China
| | - Kuaifei Xia
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Genetics and Breeding, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Fan
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Genetics and Breeding, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 People's Republic of China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuge Li
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Genetics and Breeding, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqin Wang
- Guangdong Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlan Xu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Genetics and Breeding, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Genetics and Breeding, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pang S, Ran Z, Liu Z, Song X, Duan L, Li X, Wang C. Enantioselective induction of a glutathione-S-transferase, a glutathione transporter and an ABC transporter in maize by Metolachlor and its (S)-isomer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48085. [PMID: 23144728 PMCID: PMC3483294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolism of chiral herbicides in plants remains poorly understood. Glutathione conjugation reactions are one of the principal mechanisms that plants utilize to detoxify xenobiotics. The induction by rac- and S-metolachlor of the expression of three genes, ZmGST27, ZmGT1 and ZmMRP1, encoding respectively a glutathione-S-transferase, a glutathione transporter and an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter was studied in maize. The results demonstrate that the inducing effect of rac- and S-metolachlor on the expression of ZmGST27 and ZmGT1 is comparable. However, the inducing effect of rac-metolachlor on ZmMRP1 expression is more pronounced than that of S-metolachlor. Furthermore, vanadate, an ABC transporter inhibitor, could greatly reduce the difference in herbicidal activity between rac- and S-metolachlor. These results suggest that the ABC transporters may preferentially transport conjugates of rac-metolachlor, leading to a faster metabolism of the latter. Through comparing the expression of ZmGST27, ZmMRP1 and ZmGT1 after treatment by rac- and S-metolachlor, we provide novel insights into the metabolic processes of chiral herbicides in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sen Pang
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University & Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulators, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaojin Ran
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University & Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulators, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiqian Liu
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University & Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulators, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University & Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulators, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liusheng Duan
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University & Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulators, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Li
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University & Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulators, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengju Wang
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University & Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulators, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Meyer Y, Belin C, Delorme-Hinoux V, Reichheld JP, Riondet C. Thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems in plants: molecular mechanisms, crosstalks, and functional significance. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 17:1124-60. [PMID: 22531002 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxins (Trx) and glutaredoxins (Grx) constitute families of thiol oxidoreductases. Our knowledge of Trx and Grx in plants has dramatically increased during the last decade. The release of the Arabidopsis genome sequence revealed an unexpectedly high number of Trx and Grx genes. The availability of several genomes of vascular and nonvascular plants allowed the establishment of a clear classification of the genes and the chronology of their appearance during plant evolution. Proteomic approaches have been developed that identified the putative Trx and Grx target proteins which are implicated in all aspects of plant growth, including basal metabolism, iron/sulfur cluster formation, development, adaptation to the environment, and stress responses. Analyses of the biochemical characteristics of specific Trx and Grx point to a strong specificity toward some target enzymes, particularly within plastidial Trx and Grx. In apparent contradiction with this specificity, genetic approaches show an absence of phenotype for most available Trx and Grx mutants, suggesting that redundancies also exist between Trx and Grx members. Despite this, the isolation of mutants inactivated in multiple genes and several genetic screens allowed the demonstration of the involvement of Trx and Grx in pathogen response, phytohormone pathways, and at several control points of plant development. Cytosolic Trxs are reduced by NADPH-thioredoxin reductase (NTR), while the reduction of Grx depends on reduced glutathione (GSH). Interestingly, recent development integrating biochemical analysis, proteomic data, and genetics have revealed an extensive crosstalk between the cytosolic NTR/Trx and GSH/Grx systems. This crosstalk, which occurs at multiple levels, reveals the high plasticity of the redox systems in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yves Meyer
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université de Perpignan, Perpignan, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kohl S, Hollmann J, Blattner FR, Radchuk V, Andersch F, Steuernagel B, Schmutzer T, Scholz U, Krupinska K, Weber H, Weschke W. A putative role for amino acid permeases in sink-source communication of barley tissues uncovered by RNA-seq. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 12:154. [PMID: 22935196 PMCID: PMC3495740 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-12-154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of nitrogen accumulating in cereal grains originates from proteins remobilised from vegetative organs. However, interactions between grain filling and remobilisation are poorly understood. We used transcriptome large-scale pyrosequencing of flag leaves, glumes and developing grains to identify cysteine peptidase and N transporter genes playing a role in remobilisation and accumulation of nitrogen in barley. RESULTS Combination of already known and newly derived sequence information reduced redundancy, increased contig length and identified new members of cysteine peptidase and N transporter gene families. The dataset for N transporter genes was aligned with N transporter amino acid sequences of rice and Arabidopsis derived from Aramemnon database. 57 AAT, 45 NRT1/PTR and 22 OPT unigenes identified by this approach cluster to defined subgroups in the respective phylogenetic trees, among them 25 AAT, 8 NRT1/PTR and 5 OPT full-length sequences. Besides, 59 unigenes encoding cysteine peptidases were identified and subdivided into different families of the papain cysteine peptidase clade. Expression profiling of full-length AAT genes highlighted amino acid permeases as the group showing highest transcriptional activity. HvAAP2 and HvAAP6 are highly expressed in vegetative organs whereas HvAAP3 is grain-specific. Sequence similarities cluster HvAAP2 and the putative transporter HvAAP6 together with Arabidopsis transporters, which are involved in long-distance transfer of amino acids. HvAAP3 is closely related to AtAAP1 and AtAAP8 playing a role in supplying N to developing seeds. An important role in amino acid re-translocation can be considered for HvLHT1 and HvLHT2 which are specifically expressed in glumes and flag leaves, respectively. PCA and K-means clustering of AAT transcript data revealed coordinate developmental stages in flag leaves, glumes and grains. Phloem-specific metabolic compounds are proposed that might signal high grain demands for N to distantly located plant organs. CONCLUSIONS The approach identified cysteine peptidases and specific N transporters of the AAT family as obviously relevant for grain filling and thus, grain yield and quality in barley. Up to now, information is based only on transcript data. To make it relevant for application, the role of identified candidates in sink-source communication has to be analysed in more detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kohl
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK), Gatersleben, D-06466, Germany
| | - Julien Hollmann
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität (CAU), Kiel, D-24118, Germany
| | - Frank R Blattner
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK), Gatersleben, D-06466, Germany
| | - Volodymyr Radchuk
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK), Gatersleben, D-06466, Germany
| | - Franka Andersch
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK), Gatersleben, D-06466, Germany
| | - Burkhard Steuernagel
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK), Gatersleben, D-06466, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmutzer
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK), Gatersleben, D-06466, Germany
| | - Uwe Scholz
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK), Gatersleben, D-06466, Germany
| | - Karin Krupinska
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität (CAU), Kiel, D-24118, Germany
| | - Hans Weber
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK), Gatersleben, D-06466, Germany
| | - Winfriede Weschke
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK), Gatersleben, D-06466, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Co-induction of a glutathione-S-transferase, a glutathione transporter and an ABC transporter in maize by xenobiotics. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40712. [PMID: 22792398 PMCID: PMC3394700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione conjugation reactions are one of the principal mechanisms that plants utilize to detoxify xenobiotics. The induction by four herbicides (2,4-D, atrazine, metolachlor and primisulfuron) and a herbicide safener (dichlormid) on the expression of three genes, ZmGST27, ZmGT1 and ZmMRP1, encoding respectively a glutathione-S-transferase, a glutathione transporter and an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter was studied in maize. The results demonstrate that the inducing effect on gene expression varies with both chemicals and genes. The expression of ZmGST27 and ZmMRP1 was up-regulated by all five compounds, whereas that of ZmGT1 was increased by atrazine, metolachlor, primisulfuron and dichlormid, but not by 2,4-D. For all chemicals, the inducing effect was first detected on ZmGST27. The finding that ZmGT1 is activated alongside ZmGST27 and ZmMRP1 suggests that glutathione transporters are an important component in the xenobiotic detoxification system of plants.
Collapse
|
27
|
Noctor G, Mhamdi A, Chaouch S, Han Y, Neukermans J, Marquez-Garcia B, Queval G, Foyer CH. Glutathione in plants: an integrated overview. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2012; 35:454-84. [PMID: 21777251 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02400.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 791] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants cannot survive without glutathione (γ-glutamylcysteinylglycine) or γ-glutamylcysteine-containing homologues. The reasons why this small molecule is indispensable are not fully understood, but it can be inferred that glutathione has functions in plant development that cannot be performed by other thiols or antioxidants. The known functions of glutathione include roles in biosynthetic pathways, detoxification, antioxidant biochemistry and redox homeostasis. Glutathione can interact in multiple ways with proteins through thiol-disulphide exchange and related processes. Its strategic position between oxidants such as reactive oxygen species and cellular reductants makes the glutathione system perfectly configured for signalling functions. Recent years have witnessed considerable progress in understanding glutathione synthesis, degradation and transport, particularly in relation to cellular redox homeostasis and related signalling under optimal and stress conditions. Here we outline the key recent advances and discuss how alterations in glutathione status, such as those observed during stress, may participate in signal transduction cascades. The discussion highlights some of the issues surrounding the regulation of glutathione contents, the control of glutathione redox potential, and how the functions of glutathione and other thiols are integrated to fine-tune photorespiratory and respiratory metabolism and to modulate phytohormone signalling pathways through appropriate modification of sensitive protein cysteine residues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graham Noctor
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, UMR CNRS 8618, Université de Paris sud 11, Orsay cedex, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Herschbach C, Gessler A, Rennenberg H. Long-Distance Transport and Plant Internal Cycling of N- and S-Compounds. PROGRESS IN BOTANY 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-22746-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
|
29
|
Mulangi V, Phuntumart V, Aouida M, Ramotar D, Morris P. Functional analysis of OsPUT1, a rice polyamine uptake transporter. PLANTA 2012; 235:1-11. [PMID: 21796369 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-011-1486-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines are nitrogenous compounds found in all eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells and absolutely essential for cell viability. In plants, they regulate several growth and developmental processes and the levels of polyamines are also correlated with the plant responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses. In plant cells, polyamines are synthesized in plastids and cytosol. This biosynthetic compartmentation indicates that the specific transporters are essential to transport polyamines between the cellular compartments. In the present study, a phylogenetic analysis was used to identify candidate polyamine transporters in rice. A full-length cDNA rice clone AK068055 was heterologously expressed in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae spermidine uptake mutant, agp2∆. Radiological uptake and competitive inhibition studies with putrescine indicated that rice gene encodes a protein that functioned as a spermidine-preferential transporter. In competition experiments with several amino acids at 25-fold higher levels than spermidine, only methionine, asparagine, and glutamine were effective in reducing uptake of spermidine to 60% of control rates. Based on those observations, this rice gene was named polyamine uptake transporter 1 (OsPUT1). Tissue-specific expression of OsPUT1 by semiquantitative RT-PCR showed that the gene was expressed in all tissues except seeds and roots. Transient expression assays in onion epidermal cells and rice protoplasts failed to localize to a cellular compartment. The characterization of the first plant polyamine transporter sets the stage for a systems approach that can be used to build a model to fully define how the biosynthesis, degradation, and transport of polyamines in plants mediate developmental and biotic responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Mulangi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, 442, Life Sciences Building, Bowling Green, OH, 43403-09, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Cao J, Huang J, Yang Y, Hu X. Analyses of the oligopeptide transporter gene family in poplar and grape. BMC Genomics 2011; 12:465. [PMID: 21943393 PMCID: PMC3188535 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oligopeptide transporters (OPTs) are a group of membrane-localized proteins that have a broad range of substrate transport capabilities and that are thought to contribute to many biological processes. The OPT proteins belong to a small gene family in plants, which includes about 25 members in Arabidopsis and rice. However, no comprehensive study incorporating phylogeny, chromosomal location, gene structure, expression profiling, functional divergence and selective pressure analysis has been reported thus far for Populus and Vitis. Results In the present study, a comprehensive analysis of the OPT gene family in Populus (P. trichocarpa) and Vitis (V. vinifera) was performed. A total of 20 and 18 full-length OPT genes have been identified in Populus and Vitis, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that these OPT genes consist of two classes that can be further subdivided into 11 groups. Gene structures are considerably conserved among the groups. The distribution of OPT genes was found to be non-random across chromosomes. A high proportion of the genes are preferentially clustered, indicating that tandem duplications may have contributed significantly to the expansion of the OPT gene family. Expression patterns based on our analyses of microarray data suggest that many OPT genes may be important in stress response and functional development of plants. Further analyses of functional divergence and adaptive evolution show that, while purifying selection may have been the main force driving the evolution of the OPTs, some of critical sites responsible for the functional divergence may have been under positive selection. Conclusions Overall, the data obtained from our investigation contribute to a better understanding of the complexity of the Populus and Vitis OPT gene family and of the function and evolution of the OPT gene family in higher plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Institute of Tibet Plateau Research at Kunming, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Krauss GJ, Solé M, Krauss G, Schlosser D, Wesenberg D, Bärlocher F. Fungi in freshwaters: ecology, physiology and biochemical potential. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2011; 35:620-51. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2011.00266.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
|
32
|
Lubkowitz M. The oligopeptide transporters: a small gene family with a diverse group of substrates and functions? MOLECULAR PLANT 2011; 4:407-15. [PMID: 21310763 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssr004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Genes in the Oligopeptide Transport family encode integral membrane proteins that are believed to translocate their substrates from either the extracellular environment or an organelle into the cytosol. Phylogenetic analyses of plant transporters have revealed two distant clades: the Yellow Stripe-Like (YSL) proteins and the so-called Oligopeptide Transporters (OPTs), for which the family was named. Three categories of substrates have been identified for this family: small peptides, secondary amino acids bound to metals, and glutathione. Notably, the YSL transporters are involved in metal homeostasis through the translocation of metal-chelates, indicating a level of conservation both in biological function as well as substrates. In contrast, the functions of OPT proteins seem to be less defined and, in this review, I will examine the supporting and contradictory evidence for the proposed roles of OPTs in such diverse functions as long-distance sulfur distribution, nitrogen mobilization, metal homeostasis, and heavy metal sequestration through the transport of glutathione, metal-chelates, and peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Lubkowitz
- Department of Biology, Saint Michael's College, 1 Winooski Park, Colchester, VT 05439, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Noctor G, Queval G, Mhamdi A, Chaouch S, Foyer CH. Glutathione. THE ARABIDOPSIS BOOK 2011; 9:e0142. [PMID: 22303267 PMCID: PMC3267239 DOI: 10.1199/tab.0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione is a simple sulfur compound composed of three amino acids and the major non-protein thiol in many organisms, including plants. The functions of glutathione are manifold but notably include redox-homeostatic buffering. Glutathione status is modulated by oxidants as well as by nutritional and other factors, and can influence protein structure and activity through changes in thiol-disulfide balance. For these reasons, glutathione is a transducer that integrates environmental information into the cellular network. While the mechanistic details of this function remain to be fully elucidated, accumulating evidence points to important roles for glutathione and glutathione-dependent proteins in phytohormone signaling and in defense against biotic stress. Work in Arabidopsis is beginning to identify the processes that govern glutathione status and that link it to signaling pathways. As well as providing an overview of the components that regulate glutathione homeostasis (synthesis, degradation, transport, and redox turnover), the present discussion considers the roles of this metabolite in physiological processes such as light signaling, cell death, and defense against microbial pathogen and herbivores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graham Noctor
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, UMR CNRS 8618, Université de Paris sud 11, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Queval
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, UMR CNRS 8618, Université de Paris sud 11, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
- Present address: Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology and Department of Plant Biotechnologyand Genetics, Gent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Amna Mhamdi
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, UMR CNRS 8618, Université de Paris sud 11, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Sejir Chaouch
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, UMR CNRS 8618, Université de Paris sud 11, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Christine H. Foyer
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Noctor G, Queval G, Mhamdi A, Chaouch S, Foyer CH. Glutathione. THE ARABIDOPSIS BOOK 2011. [PMID: 22303267 DOI: 10.1199/tab0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione is a simple sulfur compound composed of three amino acids and the major non-protein thiol in many organisms, including plants. The functions of glutathione are manifold but notably include redox-homeostatic buffering. Glutathione status is modulated by oxidants as well as by nutritional and other factors, and can influence protein structure and activity through changes in thiol-disulfide balance. For these reasons, glutathione is a transducer that integrates environmental information into the cellular network. While the mechanistic details of this function remain to be fully elucidated, accumulating evidence points to important roles for glutathione and glutathione-dependent proteins in phytohormone signaling and in defense against biotic stress. Work in Arabidopsis is beginning to identify the processes that govern glutathione status and that link it to signaling pathways. As well as providing an overview of the components that regulate glutathione homeostasis (synthesis, degradation, transport, and redox turnover), the present discussion considers the roles of this metabolite in physiological processes such as light signaling, cell death, and defense against microbial pathogen and herbivores.
Collapse
|
35
|
|
36
|
ZmGT1 Transports Glutathione Conjugates and Its Expression Is Induced by Herbicide Atrazine. PROG BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2010. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1206.2010.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
37
|
Tan Q, Zhang L, Grant J, Cooper P, Tegeder M. Increased phloem transport of S-methylmethionine positively affects sulfur and nitrogen metabolism and seed development in pea plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 154:1886-96. [PMID: 20923886 PMCID: PMC2996030 DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.166389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Seeds of grain legumes are important energy and food sources for humans and animals. However, the yield and quality of legume seeds are limited by the amount of sulfur (S) partitioned to the seeds. The amino acid S-methylmethionine (SMM), a methionine derivative, has been proposed to be an important long-distance transport form of reduced S, and we analyzed whether SMM phloem loading and source-sink translocation are important for the metabolism and growth of pea (Pisum sativum) plants. Transgenic plants were produced in which the expression of a yeast SMM transporter, S-Methylmethionine Permease1 (MMP1, YLL061W), was targeted to the phloem and seeds. Phloem exudate analysis showed that concentrations of SMM are elevated in MMP1 plants, suggesting increased phloem loading. Furthermore, expression studies of genes involved in S transport and metabolism in source organs, as well as xylem sap analyses, support that S uptake and assimilation are positively affected in MMP1 roots. Concomitantly, nitrogen (N) assimilation in root and leaf and xylem amino acid profiles were changed, resulting in increased phloem loading of amino acids. When investigating the effects of increased S and N phloem transport on seed metabolism, we found that protein levels were improved in MMP1 seeds. In addition, changes in SMM phloem loading affected plant growth and seed number, leading to an overall increase in seed S, N, and protein content in MMP1 plants. Together, these results suggest that phloem loading and source-sink partitioning of SMM are important for plant S and N metabolism and transport as well as seed set.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mechthild Tegeder
- School of Biological Sciences, Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164 (Q.T., L.Z., M.T.); New Zealand Institute of Plant and Food Research, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand (J.G., P.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Tegeder M, Rentsch D. Uptake and partitioning of amino acids and peptides. MOLECULAR PLANT 2010; 3:997-1011. [PMID: 21081651 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssq047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth, productivity, and seed yield depend on the efficient uptake, metabolism, and allocation of nutrients. Nitrogen is an essential macronutrient needed in high amounts. Plants have evolved efficient and selective transport systems for nitrogen uptake and transport within the plant to sustain development, growth, and finally reproduction. This review summarizes current knowledge on membrane proteins involved in transport of amino acids and peptides. A special emphasis was put on their function in planta. We focus on uptake of the organic nitrogen by the root, source-sink partitioning, and import into floral tissues and seeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mechthild Tegeder
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
The role of transmembrane domain 9 in substrate recognition by the fungal high-affinity glutathione transporters. Biochem J 2010; 429:593-602. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20100240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hgt1p, a high-affinity glutathione transporter from Saccharomyces cerevisiae belongs to the recently described family of OPTs (oligopeptide transporters), the majority of whose members still have unknown substrate specificity. To obtain insights into substrate recognition and translocation, we have subjected all 21 residues of TMD9 (transmembrane domain 9) to alanine-scanning mutagenesis. Phe523 was found to be critical for glutathione recognition, since F523A mutants showed a 4-fold increase in Km without affecting expression or localization. Phe523 and the previously identified polar residue Gln526 were on the same face of the helix suggesting a joint participation in glutathione recognition, whereas two other polar residues, Ser519 and Asn522, of TMD9, although also orientated on the same face, did not appear to be involved. The size and hydrophobicity of Phe523 were both key features of its functionality, as seen from mutational analysis. Sequence alignments revealed that Phe523 and Gln526 were conserved in a cluster of OPT homologues from different fungi. A second cluster contained isoleucine and glutamate residues in place of phenylalanine and glutamine residues, residues that are best tolerated in Hgt1p for glutathione transporter activity, when introduced together. The critical nature of the residues at these positions in TMD9 for substrate recognition was exploited to assign substrate specificities of several putative fungal orthologues present in these and other clusters. The presence of either phenylalanine and glutamine or isoleucine and glutamate residues at these positions correlated with their function as high-affinity glutathione transporters based on genetic assays and the Km of these transporters towards glutathione.
Collapse
|
40
|
|
41
|
Pike S, Patel A, Stacey G, Gassmann W. Arabidopsis OPT6 is an oligopeptide transporter with exceptionally broad substrate specificity. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 50:1923-32. [PMID: 19808809 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcp136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Oligopeptide transporters (OPTs) are found in fungi, bacteria and plants. The nine Arabidopsis thaliana OPT genes are expressed mainly in the vasculature and are thought to transport tetra- and pentapeptides, and peptide-like substrates such as glutathione. Expression of AtOPT6 in Xenopus laevis oocytes demonstrated that AtOPT6 transports many tetra- and pentapeptides. In addition, AtOPT6 transported reduced glutathione (GSH), a tripeptide, but not oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Recent data showed that Candida albicans OPTs can transport peptides up to eight amino acids in length. AtOPT6 transported mammalian signaling peptides up to 10 amino acids in length and, in addition, known plant development- and nematode pathogenesis-associated peptides up to 13 amino acids long. AtOPT6 displayed high affinity for penta- and dodecapeptides, but low affinity for GSH. In comparison the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ScOPT1 was incapable of transporting any of the longer peptides tested. These data demonstrate the necessity of experimentally determining substrate specificity of individual OPTs, and lay a foundation for structure/function studies. Characterization of the AtOPT6 substrate range provides a basis for investigating the possible physiological function of AtOPT6 in peptide signaling and thiol transport in response to stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Pike
- Division of Plant Sciences and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211-7310, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Vadas TM, Ahner BA. Cysteine- and glutathione-mediated uptake of lead and cadmium into Zea mays and Brassica napus roots. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2009; 157:2558-2563. [PMID: 19344986 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2008] [Revised: 02/13/2009] [Accepted: 02/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study examines a new mechanism for the uptake of Pb and Cd into Brassica napus and Zea mays roots. During hydroponic experiments, the uptake of Pb and Cd was enhanced in the presence of cysteine and glutathione, whereas no or very low uptake was observed in EDTA and penicillamine controls. Uptake rates were also enhanced after pre-exposure to cysteine or glutathione and inhibited in the presence of vanadate, suggesting a biological mechanism of uptake. Increasing concentrations of glutathione in solution resulted in decreasing Pb uptake rates, indicating competition for transport between free-glutathione and Pb-glutathione species. Pb uptake in the presence of increasing cysteine concentrations resulted in decreased uptake initially but linearly increasing uptake at higher concentrations. Experimentation showed concentration dependent Pb uptake rates. We speculate that there are specific transporters for these thiol ligands and describe what barriers remain for application of this novel transport mechanism in chelator-assisted phytoremediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Vadas
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 320 Riley-Robb Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Thakur A, Kaur J, Bachhawat AK. Pgt1, a glutathione transporter from the fission yeastSchizosaccharomyces pombe. FEMS Yeast Res 2008; 8:916-29. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2008.00423.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
44
|
Pasternak M, Lim B, Wirtz M, Hell R, Cobbett CS, Meyer AJ. Restricting glutathione biosynthesis to the cytosol is sufficient for normal plant development. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2008; 53:999-1012. [PMID: 18088327 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2007.03389.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) homeostasis in plants is essential for cellular redox control and efficient responses to abiotic and biotic stress. Compartmentation of the GSH biosynthetic pathway is a unique feature of plants. The first enzyme, gamma-glutamate cysteine ligase (GSH1), responsible for synthesis of gamma-glutamylcysteine (gamma-EC), is, in Arabidopsis, exclusively located in the plastids, whereas the second enzyme, glutathione synthetase (GSH2), is located in both plastids and cytosol. In Arabidopsis, gsh2 insertion mutants have a seedling lethal phenotype in contrast to the embryo lethal phenotype of gsh1 null mutants. This difference in phenotype may be due to partial replacement of GSH functions by gamma-EC, which in gsh2 mutants hyperaccumulates to levels 5000-fold that in the wild type and 200-fold wild-type levels of GSH. In situ labelling of thiols with bimane and confocal imaging in combination with HPLC analysis showed high concentrations of gamma-EC in the cytosol. Feedback inhibition of Brassica juncea plastidic GSH1 by gamma-EC in vitro strongly suggests export of gamma-EC as functional explanation for hyperaccumulation. Complementation of gsh2 mutants with the cytosol-specific GSH2 gave rise to phenotypically wild-type transgenic plants. These results support the conclusion that cytosolic synthesis of GSH is sufficient for plant growth. The transgenic lines further show that, consistent with the exclusive plastidic localization of GSH1, gamma-EC is exported from the plastids to supply the cytosol with the immediate precursor for GSH biosynthesis, and that there can be efficient re-import of GSH into the plastids to allow effective control of GSH biosynthesis through feedback inhibition of GSH1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Pasternak
- Heidelberg Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 360, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Hawkesford MJ. Uptake, Distribution and Subcellular Transport of Sulfate. SULFUR METABOLISM IN PHOTOTROPHIC ORGANISMS 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-6863-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
46
|
Rouhier N, Lemaire SD, Jacquot JP. The role of glutathione in photosynthetic organisms: emerging functions for glutaredoxins and glutathionylation. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2008; 59:143-66. [PMID: 18444899 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione, a tripeptide with the sequence gamma-Glu-Cys-Gly, exists either in a reduced form with a free thiol group or in an oxidized form with a disulfide between two identical molecules. We describe here briefly the pathways involved in the synthesis, reduction, polymerization, and degradation of glutathione, as well as its distribution throughout the plant and its redox buffering capacities. The function of glutathione in xenobiotic and heavy metal detoxification, plant development, and plant-pathogen interactions is also briefly discussed. Several lines of evidence indicate that glutathione and glutaredoxins (GRXs) are implicated in the response to oxidative stress through the regeneration of enzymes involved in peroxide and methionine sulfoxide reduction. Finally, emerging functions for plant GRXs and glutathione concern the regulation of protein activity via glutathionylation and the capacity of some GRXs to bind iron sulfur centers and for some of them to transfer FeS clusters into apoproteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Rouhier
- Unité Mixte de Recherches, 1136 INRA-UHP Interaction Arbres-Microorganismes, IFR 110 GEEF, Nancy University, Faculté des Sciences, 54506 Vandoeuvre Cedex, France.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kertesz MA, Fellows E, Schmalenberger A. Rhizobacteria and plant sulfur supply. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2007; 62:235-68. [PMID: 17869607 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(07)62008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Kertesz
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Rausch T, Gromes R, Liedschulte V, Müller I, Bogs J, Galovic V, Wachter A. Novel insight into the regulation of GSH biosynthesis in higher plants. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2007; 9:565-72. [PMID: 17853356 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-965580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In higher plants, the redox-active tripeptide glutathione (GSH) fulfills a plethora of functions. These include its pivotal role for maintaining the cellular redox poise and its involvement in detoxification of heavy metals and xenobiotics. Intimately linked to these functions, GSH also acts as a cellular signal, mediating control of enzyme and/or regulatory protein activities, either directly or via glutaredoxins. The redox potential of the GSH/GSSG couple is not only affected by the GSH/GSSG ratio but also by changes in GSH synthesis and/or degradation. As this couple operates as redox buffer in several cellular compartments, the regulation of GSH biosynthesis and transport (both intra- and intercellularly) are fundamental to the maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis during plant development and, even more so, when plants are exposed to biotic or abiotic stress. This review highlights novel aspects of GSH biosynthesis and transport with a focus on the regulation of the GSH1 (= gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase) enzyme. Interestingly, GSH1 appears to be exclusively confined to the plastids, whereas the second biosynthetic enzyme, GSH2, is predominantly localized in the cytosol. GSH1 expression and enzyme activity are under multiple controls, extending from transcriptional regulation to post-translational redox control. Now that the plant GSH1 protein structure has been solved, the molecular basis of GSH1 function and redox regulation can be addressed. The review concludes with a discussion of the simultaneous changes observed for GSH synthesis, transport, and metabolism during Cd-induced phytochelatin accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Rausch
- Heidelberg Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 360, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Martin MN, Saladores PH, Lambert E, Hudson AO, Leustek T. Localization of members of the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase family identifies sites of glutathione and glutathione S-conjugate hydrolysis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2007; 144:1715-32. [PMID: 17545509 PMCID: PMC1949890 DOI: 10.1104/pp.106.094409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidases (GGTs) are essential for hydrolysis of the tripeptide glutathione (gamma-glutamate-cysteine-glycine) and glutathione S-conjugates since they are the only enzymes known to cleave the amide bond linking the gamma-carboxylate of glutamate to cysteine. In Arabidopsis thaliana, four GGT genes have been identified based on homology with animal GGTs. They are designated GGT1 (At4g39640), GGT2 (At4g39650), GGT3 (At1g69820), and GGT4 (At4g29210). By analyzing the expression of each GGT in plants containing GGT:beta-glucuronidase fusions, the temporal and spatial pattern of degradation of glutathione and its metabolites was established, revealing appreciable overlap among GGTs. GGT2 exhibited narrow temporal and spatial expression primarily in immature trichomes, developing seeds, and pollen. GGT1 and GGT3 were coexpressed in most organs/tissues. Their expression was highest at sites of rapid growth including the rosette apex, floral stem apex, and seeds and might pinpoint locations where glutathione is delivered to sink tissues to supplement high demand for cysteine. In mature tissues, they were expressed only in vascular tissue. Knockout mutants of GGT2 and GGT4 showed no phenotype. The rosettes of GGT1 knockouts showed premature senescence after flowering. Knockouts of GGT3 showed reduced number of siliques and reduced seed yield. Knockouts were used to localize and assign catalytic activity to each GGT. In the standard GGT assay with gamma-glutamyl p-nitroanilide as substrate, GGT1 accounted for 80% to 99% of the activity in all tissues except seeds where GGT2 was 50% of the activity. Protoplasting experiments indicated that both GGT1 and GGT2 are localized extracellularly but have different physical or chemical associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melinda N Martin
- Biotechnology Center for Agriculture and the Environment, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8520, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Tsay YF, Chiu CC, Tsai CB, Ho CH, Hsu PK. Nitrate transporters and peptide transporters. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:2290-300. [PMID: 17481610 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2007] [Revised: 04/17/2007] [Accepted: 04/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In higher plants, two types of nitrate transporters, NRT1 and NRT2, have been identified. In Arabidopsis, there are 53 NRT1 genes and 7 NRT2 genes. NRT2 are high-affinity nitrate transporters, while most members of the NRT1 family are low-affinity nitrate transporters. The exception is CHL1 (AtNRT1.1), which is a dual-affinity nitrate transporter, its mode of action being switched by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of threonine 101. Two of the NRT1 genes, CHL1 and AtNRT1.2, and two of the NRT2 genes, AtNRT2.1 and AtNRT2.2, are known to be involved in nitrate uptake. In addition, AtNRT1.4 is required for petiole nitrate storage. On the other hand, some members of the NRT1 family are dipeptide transporters, called PTRs, which transport a broad spectrum of di/tripeptides. In barley, HvPTR1, expressed in the plasma membrane of scutellar epithelial cells, is involved in mobilizing peptides, produced by hydrolysis of endosperm storage protein, to the developing embryo. In higher plants, there is another family of peptide transporters, called oligopeptide transporters (OPTs), which transport tetra/pentapeptides. In addition, some OPTs transport GSH, GSSH, GSH conjugates, phytochelatins, and metals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fang Tsay
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|