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Weraduwage SM, Whitten D, Kulke M, Sahu A, Vermaas JV, Sharkey TD. The isoprene-responsive phosphoproteome provides new insights into the putative signalling pathways and novel roles of isoprene. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:1099-1117. [PMID: 38038355 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Many plants, especially trees, emit isoprene in a highly light- and temperature-dependent manner. The advantages for plants that emit, if any, have been difficult to determine. Direct effects on membranes have been disproven. New insights have been obtained by RNA sequencing, proteomic and metabolomic studies. We determined the responses of the phosphoproteome to exposure of Arabidopsis leaves to isoprene in the gas phase for either 1 or 5 h. Isoprene effects that were not apparent from RNA sequencing and other methods but were apparent in the phosphoproteome include effects on chloroplast movement proteins and membrane remodelling proteins. Several receptor kinases were found to have altered phosphorylation levels. To test whether potential isoprene receptors could be identified, we used molecular dynamics simulations to test for proteins that might have strong binding to isoprene and, therefore might act as receptors. Although many Arabidopsis proteins were found to have slightly higher binding affinities than a reference set of Homo sapiens proteins, no specific receptor kinase was found to have a very high binding affinity. The changes in chloroplast movement, photosynthesis capacity and so forth, found in this work, are consistent with isoprene responses being especially useful in the upper canopy of trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarathi M Weraduwage
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, Bishop's University, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Douglas Whitten
- Research Technology Support Facility-Proteomics Core, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Martin Kulke
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Abira Sahu
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Josh V Vermaas
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Thomas D Sharkey
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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2
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Han Y, Xu T, Chen H, Tang M. Sugar metabolism and 14-3-3 protein genes expression induced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus addition to response drought stress in Populus cathayana. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 288:154075. [PMID: 37643547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Sugar, as a nutrient exchange substance between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and host plants, plays an important role in the abiotic stress response of mycorrhizal plants. This experiment aimed to study the effects of AM fungi and phosphorus (P) addition on the sugar metabolism and 14-3-3 gene expression of Populus cathayana under drought stress. The results showed that drought affects the process of sugar metabolism by increasing the activities of amylase and invertase, resulting in the decrease of starch content in leaves and roots and the accumulation of soluble sugars (including reducing sugar and sucrose) in roots. Under drought stress, the activity or content of sucrose synthetase, sucrose phosphate synthase, acid invertase, alkaline invertase, reducing sugar, soluble sugar, sucrose, and starch in the root showed the best mycorrhizal effect at the 100 mg P level. The expression levels of the 14-3-3 genes (PcGRF10 and PcGRF11) were significantly increased by mycorrhizal induction under drought stress. These levels were positively correlated with SS, SPS, sucrose, and starch phosphorylase in leaves, as well as with almost all sugar metabolism indicators in roots. However, they were negatively correlated with starch content in both leaves and roots. Sugar metabolism and 14-3-3 protein gene expression were induced by AM fungi and P addition in response to drought stress. The 14-3-3 genes induced by AM fungi may be involved in participating in osmotic regulation during drought stress. This study provides a new idea for the mechanism of sugar metabolism of mycorrhizal plants in arid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Han
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Tingying Xu
- Boone Pickens School of Geology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Ming Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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3
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Borysiuk K, Ostaszewska-Bugajska M, Kryzheuskaya K, Gardeström P, Szal B. Glyoxalase I activity affects Arabidopsis sensitivity to ammonium nutrition. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:2393-2413. [PMID: 36242617 PMCID: PMC9700585 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02931-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Elevated methylglyoxal levels contribute to ammonium-induced growth disorders in Arabidopsis thaliana. Methylglyoxal detoxification pathway limitation, mainly the glyoxalase I activity, leads to enhanced sensitivity of plants to ammonium nutrition. Ammonium applied to plants as the exclusive source of nitrogen often triggers multiple phenotypic effects, with severe growth inhibition being the most prominent symptom. Glycolytic flux increase, leading to overproduction of its toxic by-product methylglyoxal (MG), is one of the major metabolic consequences of long-term ammonium nutrition. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of MG metabolism on ammonium-dependent growth restriction in Arabidopsis thaliana plants. As the level of MG in plant cells is maintained by the glyoxalase (GLX) system, we analyzed MG-related metabolism in plants with a dysfunctional glyoxalase pathway. We report that MG detoxification, based on glutathione-dependent glyoxalases, is crucial for plants exposed to ammonium nutrition, and its essential role in ammonium sensitivity relays on glyoxalase I (GLXI) activity. Our results indicated that the accumulation of MG-derived advanced glycation end products significantly contributes to the incidence of ammonium toxicity symptoms. Using A. thaliana frostbite1 as a model plant that overcomes growth repression on ammonium, we have shown that its resistance to enhanced MG levels is based on increased GLXI activity and tolerance to elevated MG-derived advanced glycation end-product (MAGE) levels. Furthermore, our results show that glyoxalase pathway activity strongly affects cellular antioxidative systems. Under stress conditions, the disruption of the MG detoxification pathway limits the functioning of antioxidant defense. However, under optimal growth conditions, a defect in the MG detoxification route results in the activation of antioxidative systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Borysiuk
- Department of Plant Bioenergetics, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Ostaszewska-Bugajska
- Department of Plant Bioenergetics, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katsiaryna Kryzheuskaya
- Department of Plant Bioenergetics, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Per Gardeström
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bożena Szal
- Department of Plant Bioenergetics, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.
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4
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Peixoto B, Baena-González E. Management of plant central metabolism by SnRK1 protein kinases. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:7068-7082. [PMID: 35708960 PMCID: PMC9664233 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
SUCROSE NON-FERMENTING1 (SNF1)-RELATED KINASE 1 (SnRK1) is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase with key roles in plant stress responses. SnRK1 is activated when energy levels decline during stress, reconfiguring metabolism and gene expression to favour catabolism over anabolism, and ultimately to restore energy balance and homeostasis. The capacity to efficiently redistribute resources is crucial to cope with adverse environmental conditions and, accordingly, genetic manipulations that increase SnRK1 activity are generally associated with enhanced tolerance to stress. In addition to its well-established function in stress responses, an increasing number of studies implicate SnRK1 in the homeostatic control of metabolism during the regular day-night cycle and in different organs and developmental stages. Here, we review how the genetic manipulation of SnRK1 alters central metabolism in several plant species and tissue types. We complement this with studies that provide mechanistic insight into how SnRK1 modulates metabolism, identifying changes in transcripts of metabolic components, altered enzyme activities, or direct regulation of enzymes or transcription factors by SnRK1 via phosphorylation. We identify patterns of response that centre on the maintenance of sucrose levels, in an analogous manner to the role described for its mammalian orthologue in the control of blood glucose homeostasis. Finally, we highlight several knowledge gaps and technical limitations that will have to be addressed in future research aiming to fully understand how SnRK1 modulates metabolism at the cellular and whole-plant levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Peixoto
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal and GREEN-IT Bioresources for Sustainability, ITQB NOVA, Oeiras, Portugal
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Zhao X, Li F, Li K. The 14-3-3 proteins: regulators of plant metabolism and stress responses. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23:531-539. [PMID: 33811408 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The 14-3-3 proteins bind to and modulate the activity of phosphorylated proteins that regulate a variety of metabolic processes in plants. Over the past decade interest in the plant 14-3-3 field has increased dramatically, mainly due to the vast number of mechanisms by which 14-3-3 proteins regulate metabolism. As this field develops, it is essential to understand the role of these proteins in metabolic and stress responses. This review summarizes current knowledge about 14-3-3 proteins in plants, including their molecular structure and function, regulatory mechanism and roles in carbon and nitrogen metabolism and stress responses. We begin with a molecular structural analysis of 14-3-3 proteins, which describes the basic principles of 14-3-3 function, and then discuss the regulatory mechanisms and roles in carbon and nitrogen metabolism of 14-3-3 proteins. We conclude with a summary of the 14-3-3 response to biotic stress and abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - F Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - K Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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The Importance of Protein Phosphorylation for Signaling and Metabolism in Response to Diel Light Cycling and Nutrient Availability in a Marine Diatom. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9070155. [PMID: 32640597 PMCID: PMC7408324 DOI: 10.3390/biology9070155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms are major contributors to global primary production and their populations in the modern oceans are affected by availability of iron, nitrogen, phosphate, silica, and other trace metals, vitamins, and infochemicals. However, little is known about the role of phosphorylation in diatoms and its role in regulation and signaling. We report a total of 2759 phosphorylation sites on 1502 proteins detected in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Conditionally phosphorylated peptides were detected at low iron (n = 108), during the diel cycle (n = 149), and due to nitrogen availability (n = 137). Through a multi-omic comparison of transcript, protein, phosphorylation, and protein homology, we identify numerous proteins and key cellular processes that are likely under control of phospho-regulation. We show that phosphorylation regulates: (1) carbon retrenchment and reallocation during growth under low iron, (2) carbon flux towards lipid biosynthesis after the lights turn on, (3) coordination of transcription and translation over the diel cycle and (4) in response to nitrogen depletion. We also uncover phosphorylation sites for proteins that play major roles in diatom Fe sensing and utilization, including flavodoxin and phytotransferrin (ISIP2A), as well as identify phospho-regulated stress proteins and kinases. These findings provide much needed insight into the roles of protein phosphorylation in diel cycling and nutrient sensing in diatoms.
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7
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Chang L, Tong Z, Peng C, Wang D, Kong H, Yang Q, Luo M, Guo A, Xu B. Genome-wide analysis and phosphorylation sites identification of the 14-3-3 gene family and functional characterization of MeGRF3 in cassava. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 169:244-257. [PMID: 32020618 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The biological functionality of many members of the 14-3-3 gene family is regulated via phosphorylation at multiple amino acid residues. The specific phosphorylation-mediated regulation of these proteins during cassava root tuberization, however, is not well understood. In this study, 15 different 14-3-3 genes (designated MeGRF1 - 15) were identified within the cassava genome. Based upon evolutionary conservation and structural analyses, these cassava 14-3-3 proteins were grouped into ε and non-ε clusters. We found these 15 MeGRF genes to be unevenly distributed across the eight cassava chromosomes. When comparing the expression of these genes during different developmental stages, we found that three of these genes (MeGRF9, 12 and 15) were overexpressed at all developmental stages at 75, 104, 135, 182 and 267 days post-planting relative to the fibrous root stage, whereas two (MeGRF5 and 7) were downregulated during these same points. In addition, the expression of most MeGRF genes changed significantly in the early and middle stages of root tuberization. This suggests that these different MeGRF genes likely play distinct regulatory roles during cassava root tuberization. Subsequently, 18 phosphorylated amino acid residues were detected on nine of these MeGRF proteins. A phosphomimetic mutation at serine-65 in MeGRF3 in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) slightly influenced starch metabolism in these plants, and significantly affected the role of MeGRF3 in salt stress responses. Together these results indicate that 14-3-3 genes play key roles in responses to abiotic stress and the regulation of starch metabolism, offering valuable insights into the functions of these genes in cassava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Chang
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
- Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Zheng Tong
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
- Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Cunzhi Peng
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
- Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
- Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Hua Kong
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
- Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
- Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Minghua Luo
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
- Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Anping Guo
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
- Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Bingqiang Xu
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
- Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
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8
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e Silva KSF, Lima RM, Baeza LC, Lima PDS, Cordeiro TDM, Charneau S, da Silva RA, Soares CMDA, Pereira M. Interactome of Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Points to the Existence of Metabolons in Paracoccidioides lutzii. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1537. [PMID: 31338083 PMCID: PMC6629890 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracoccidioides is a dimorphic fungus, the causative agent of paracoccidioidomycosis. The disease is endemic within Latin America and prevalent in Brazil. The treatment is based on azoles, sulfonamides and amphotericin B. The seeking for new treatment approaches is a real necessity for neglected infections. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is an essential glycolytic enzyme, well known for its multitude of functions within cells, therefore categorized as a moonlight protein. To our knowledge, this is the first approach performed on the Paracoccidioides genus regarding the description of PPIs having GAPDH as a target. Here, we show an overview of experimental GAPDH interactome in different phases of Paracoccidioides lutzii and an in silico analysis of 18 proteins partners. GAPDH interacted with 207 proteins in P. lutzii. Several proteins bound to GAPDH in mycelium, transition and yeast phases are common to important pathways such as glycolysis and TCA. We performed a co-immunoprecipitation assay to validate the complex formed by GAPDH with triose phosphate isomerase, enolase, isocitrate lyase and 2-methylcitrate synthase. We found GAPDH participating in complexes with proteins of specific pathways, indicating the existence of a glycolytic and a TCA metabolon in P. lutzii. GAPDH interacted with several proteins that undergoes regulation by nitrosylation. In addition, we modeled the GAPDH 3-D structure, performed molecular dynamics and molecular docking in order to identify the interacting interface between GAPDH and the interacting proteins. Despite the large number of interacting proteins, GAPDH has only four main regions of contact with interacting proteins, reflecting its ancestrality and conservation over evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raisa Melo Lima
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Lilian Cristiane Baeza
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Patrícia de Sousa Lima
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Thuany de Moura Cordeiro
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Química de Proteínas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Sébastien Charneau
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Química de Proteínas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Roosevelt Alves da Silva
- Núcleo Colaborativo de Biossistemas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Jataí, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Maristela Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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Zhang Z, Zhao H, Huang F, Long J, Song G, Lin W. The 14-3-3 protein GF14f negatively affects grain filling of inferior spikelets of rice (Oryza sativa L.). THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:344-358. [PMID: 30912217 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In rice (Oryza sativa L.), later flowering inferior spikelets (IS), which are located on proximal secondary branches, fill slowly and produce smaller and lighter grains than earlier flowering superior spikelets (SS). Many genes have been reported to be involved in poor grain filling of IS, however the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The present study determined that GF14f, a member of the 14-3-3 protein family, showed temporal and spatial differences in expression patterns between SS and IS. Using GF14f-RNAi plants, we observed that a reduction in GF14f expression in the endosperm resulted in a significant increase in both grain length and weight, which in turn improved grain yield. Furthermore, pull-down assays indicated that GF14f interacts with enzymes that are involved in sucrose breakdown, starch synthesis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and glycolysis. At the same time, an increase in the activity of sucrose synthase (SuSase), adenosine diphosphate-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), and starch synthase (StSase) was observed in the GF14f-RNAi grains. Comprehensive analysis of the proteome and metabolite profiling revealed that the abundance of proteins related to the TCA cycle, and glycolysis increased in the GF14f-RNAi grains together with several carbohydrate intermediates. These results suggested that GF14f negatively affected grain development and filling, and the observed higher abundance of the GF14f protein in IS compared with SS may be responsible for poor IS grain filling. The study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying poor grain filling of IS and suggests that GF14f could serve as a potential tool for improving rice grain filling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixing Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agricultural& Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing & Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agricultural& Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing & Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Fengliang Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agricultural& Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing & Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jifang Long
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agricultural& Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing & Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Guo Song
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agricultural& Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing & Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Wenxiong Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agricultural& Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing & Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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Corregido MC, Asención Diez MD, Iglesias AÁ, Piattoni CV. New pieces to the carbon metabolism puzzle of Nitrosomonas europaea: Kinetic characterization of glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate and succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenases. Biochimie 2019; 158:238-245. [PMID: 30690134 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Nitrosomonas europaea is a chemolithotroph that obtains energy through the oxidation of ammonia to hydroxylamine while assimilates atmospheric CO2 to cover the cell carbon demands for growth. This microorganism plays a relevant role in the nitrogen biogeochemical cycle on Earth but its carbon metabolism remains poorly characterized. Based on sequence homology, we identified two genes (cbbG and gabD) coding for redox enzymes in N. europaea. Cloning and expression of the genes in Escherichia coli, allowed the production of recombinant enzymes purified to determine their biochemical properties. The protein CbbG is a glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (Ga3P) dehydrogenase (Ga3PDHase) catalyzing the reversible oxidation of Ga3P to 1,3-bis-phospho-glycerate (1,3bisPGA), using specifically NAD+/NADH as cofactor. CbbG showed ∼6-fold higher Km value for 1,3bisPGA but ∼5-fold higher kcat for the oxidation of Ga3P. The protein GabD irreversibly oxidizes Ga3P to 3Pglycerate using NAD+ or NADP+, thus resembling a non-phosphorylating Ga3PDHase. However, the enzyme showed ∼6-fold higher Km value and three orders of magnitude higher catalytic efficiency with succinate semialdehyde (SSA) and NADP+. Indeed, the GabD protein identity corresponds to an SSA dehydrogenase (SSADHase). CbbG seems to be the only Ga3PDHase present in N. europaea; which would be involved in reducing triose-P during autotrophic carbon fixation. Otherwise, in cells grown under conditions deprived of ammonia and oxygen, the enzyme could catalyze the glycolytic step of Ga3P oxidation producing NADH. As an SSADHase, GabD would physiologically act producing succinate and preferentially NADPH over NADH; thus being part of an alternative pathway of the tricarboxylic acid cycle converting α-ketoglutarate to succinate. The properties determined for these enzymes contribute to better identify metabolic steps in CO2 assimilation, glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle in N. europaea. Results are discussed in the framework of metabolic pathways that launch biosynthetic intermediates relevant in the microorganism to develop and fulfill its role in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Cecilia Corregido
- Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (IAL, CONICET-UNL) & FBCB, Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET Santa Fe, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Matías Damián Asención Diez
- Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (IAL, CONICET-UNL) & FBCB, Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET Santa Fe, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Alberto Álvaro Iglesias
- Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (IAL, CONICET-UNL) & FBCB, Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET Santa Fe, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Claudia Vanesa Piattoni
- Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (IAL, CONICET-UNL) & FBCB, Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET Santa Fe, Santa Fe, Argentina; Instituto Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Diallo K, Oppong AK, Lim GE. Can 14-3-3 proteins serve as therapeutic targets for the treatment of metabolic diseases? Pharmacol Res 2019; 139:199-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Huang N, Ling H, Su Y, Liu F, Xu L, Su W, Wu Q, Guo J, Gao S, Que Y. Transcriptional analysis identifies major pathways as response components to Sporisorium scitamineum stress in sugarcane. Gene 2018; 678:207-218. [PMID: 30099025 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugarcane smut, which is caused by Sporisorium scitamineum, is a severe fungal disease affecting sugarcane. However, the major pathways involved in the interaction between sugarcane and S. scitamineum remains unclear. RESULTS In the present study, suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) library construction, together with reverse northern blotting, was conducted on the most prevalent sugarcane genotype ROC22 challenged with S. scitamineum. After alignment and homologous expressed sequence tag (EST) assembly, a total of 155 differentially expressed unigenes were identified from SSH libraries. Totally, 26 of 155 differentially expressed unigenes were analyzed by qRT-PCR in sugarcane smut-resistant genotype YC05-179 and susceptible genotype ROC22. Genes encoded two unknown protein (Q1 and Q11), serine/threonine kinase (Q2), fiber protein (Q3), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (Q23), and Sc14-3-3-like protein (Q24) were induced in sugarcane smut-resistant genotype YC05-179 but inhibited in susceptible genotype ROC22. Based on the differential expression data achieved from SSH libraries and qRT-PCR, we found that, serine/threonine kinases, Ca2+ sensors, mitogen-activated protein genes and some NBS-LRR genes may involve in the signal recognition and transduction of smut fungus infection in sugarcane. While in the plant hormone signaling pathways, the genes related to auxin, abscisic acid, salicylic acid and ethylene were more apparently in response to smut fungus invasion. The hypersensitive response, protein metabolism, polyamine synthesis, and cell wall formation may play an important role in sugarcane defense against smut fungus colonization. Additionally, the Sc14-3-3 might serve as a molecular modulator in sugarcane being immune to smut disease by interacting with proteins like ScGAPN (Q10), which have been further verified by BiFC assay. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study could provide a general view about gene pathways involving in sugarcane defense against smut disease and facilitate a better understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying sugarcane-S. scitamineum interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Huang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Hui Ling
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Yachun Su
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Liping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Weihua Su
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Qibin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Jinlong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Shiwu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Youxiong Que
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China.
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Borysiuk K, Ostaszewska-Bugajska M, Vaultier MN, Hasenfratz-Sauder MP, Szal B. Enhanced Formation of Methylglyoxal-Derived Advanced Glycation End Products in Arabidopsis Under Ammonium Nutrition. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:667. [PMID: 29881392 PMCID: PMC5976750 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+) are prevalent nitrogen (N) sources for plants. Although NH4+ should be the preferred form of N from the energetic point of view, ammonium nutrition often exhibits adverse effects on plant physiological functions and induces an important growth-limiting stress referred as ammonium syndrome. The effective incorporation of NH4+ into amino acid structures requires high activity of the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle and the glycolytic pathway. An unavoidable consequence of glycolytic metabolism is the production of methylglyoxal (MG), which is very toxic and inhibits cell growth in all types of organisms. Here, we aimed to investigate MG metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana plants grown on NH4+ as a sole N source. We found that changes in activities of glycolytic enzymes enhanced MG production and that markedly elevated MG levels superseded the detoxification capability of the glyoxalase pathway. Consequently, the excessive accumulation of MG was directly involved in the induction of dicarbonyl stress by introducing MG-derived advanced glycation end products (MAGEs) to proteins. The severe damage to proteins was not within the repair capacity of proteolytic enzymes. Collectively, our results suggest the impact of MG (mediated by MAGEs formation in proteins) in the contribution to NH4+ toxicity symptoms in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Borysiuk
- Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Ostaszewska-Bugajska
- Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Monika Ostaszewska-Bugajska, Bożena Szal,
| | - Marie-Noëlle Vaultier
- UMR 1137, INRA, Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | | | - Bożena Szal
- Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Monika Ostaszewska-Bugajska, Bożena Szal,
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O’Leary BM, Plaxton WC. Mechanisms and Functions of Post-translational Enzyme Modifications in the Organization and Control of Plant Respiratory Metabolism. ADVANCES IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-68703-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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15
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Piattoni CV, Ferrero DML, Dellaferrera I, Vegetti A, Iglesias AÁ. Cytosolic Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Is Phosphorylated during Seed Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:522. [PMID: 28443115 PMCID: PMC5387080 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD-GAPDH) is involved in a critical energetic step of glycolysis and also has many important functions besides its enzymatic activity. The recombinant wheat NAD-GAPDH was phosphorylated in vitro at Ser205 by a SNF1-Related protein kinase 1 (SnRK1) from wheat heterotrophic (but not from photosynthetic) tissues. The S205D mutant enzyme (mimicking the phosphorylated form) exhibited a significant decrease in activity but similar affinity toward substrates. Immunodetection and activity assays showed that NAD-GAPDH is phosphorylated in vivo, the enzyme depicting different activity, abundance and phosphorylation profiles during development of seeds that mainly accumulate starch (wheat) or lipids (castor oil seed). NAD-GAPDH activity gradually increases along wheat seed development, but protein levels and phosphorylation status exhibited slight changes. Conversely, in castor oil seed, the activity slightly increased and total protein levels do not significantly change in the first half of seed development but both abruptly decreased in the second part of development, when triacylglycerol synthesis and storage begin. Interestingly, phospho-NAD-GAPDH levels reached a maximum when the seed switch their metabolism to mainly support synthesis and accumulation of carbon reserves. After this point the castor oil seed NAD-GAPDH protein levels and activity highly decreased, and the protein stability assays showed that the protein would be degraded by the proteasome. The results presented herein suggest that phosphorylation of NAD-GAPDH during seed development would have impact on the partitioning of triose-phosphate between different metabolic pathways and cell compartments to support the specific carbon, energy and reducing equivalent demands during synthesis of storage products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia V. Piattoni
- Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas – Universidad Nacional del Litoral) and Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (Universidad Nacional del Litoral), Centro Científico Tecnológico, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Santa FeSanta Fe, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Alberto Á. Iglesias, Claudia V. Piattoni,
| | - Danisa M. L. Ferrero
- Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas – Universidad Nacional del Litoral) and Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (Universidad Nacional del Litoral), Centro Científico Tecnológico, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Santa FeSanta Fe, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Dellaferrera
- Cultivos Extensivos, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, EsperanzaArgentina
| | - Abelardo Vegetti
- Morfología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, EsperanzaArgentina
| | - Alberto Á. Iglesias
- Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas – Universidad Nacional del Litoral) and Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (Universidad Nacional del Litoral), Centro Científico Tecnológico, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Santa FeSanta Fe, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Alberto Á. Iglesias, Claudia V. Piattoni,
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Plant SnRK1 Kinases: Structure, Regulation, and Function. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM 2016; 107:403-438. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-43589-3_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Affinity chromatography revealed insights into unique functionality of two 14-3-3 protein species in developing maize kernels. J Proteomics 2015; 114:274-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Dghim AA, Dumont J, Hasenfratz-Sauder MP, Dizengremel P, Le Thiec D, Jolivet Y. Capacity for NADPH regeneration in the leaves of two poplar genotypes differing in ozone sensitivity. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2013; 148:36-50. [PMID: 22978704 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2012.01686.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cell capacity for cytosolic NADPH regeneration by NADP-dehydrogenases was investigated in the leaves of two hybrid poplar (Populus deltoides × Populus nigra) genotypes in response to ozone (O3 ) treatment (120 ppb for 17 days). Two genotypes with differential O3 sensitivity were selected, based on visual symptoms and fallen leaves: Robusta (sensitive) and Carpaccio (tolerant). The estimated O3 flux (POD0 ), that entered the leaves, was similar for the two genotypes throughout the treatment. In response to that foliar O3 flux, CO2 assimilation was inhibited to the same extent for the two genotypes, which could be explained by a decrease in Rubisco (EC 4.1.1.39) activity. Conversely, an increase in PEPC (EC 4.1.1.31) activity was observed, together with the activation of certain cytosolic NADP-dehydrogenases above their constitutive level, i.e. NADP-G6PDH (EC 1.1.1.49), NADP-ME (malic enzyme) (EC 1.1.1.40) and NADP-ICDH (NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase) (EC1.1.1.42). However, the activity of non-phosphorylating NADP-GAPDH (EC 1.2.1.9) remained unchanged. From the 11th fumigation day, NADP-G6PDH and NADP-ME profiles made it possible to differentiate between the two genotypes, with a higher activity in Carpaccio than in Robusta. At the same time, Carpaccio was able to maintain high levels of NADPH in the cells, while NADPH levels decreased in Robusta O3 -treated leaves. All these results support the hypothesis that the capacity for cells to regenerate the reducing power, especially the cytosolic NADPH pool, contributes to improve tolerance to high ozone exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ata Allah Dghim
- UMR1137 EEF, Université de Lorraine, F-54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, Cedex, France
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19
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Piattoni CV, Guerrero SA, Iglesias AA. A differential redox regulation of the pathways metabolizing glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate tunes the production of reducing power in the cytosol of plant cells. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:8073-92. [PMID: 23584025 PMCID: PMC3645732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14048073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation to aerobic life leads organisms to sense reactive oxygen species and use the signal for coordination of the entire metabolism. Glycolysis in plants is a particular network where specific steps, like oxidation of glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate (Ga3P), are critical in order for it to function. The triose-phosphate can be converted into 3-phosphoglycerate through the phosphorylating Ga3P dehydrogenase (Ga3PDHase, EC 1.2.1.12) producing ATP and NADH, or via the non-phosphorylating enzyme (np-Ga3PDHase; EC 1.2.1.9) generating NADPH. In this work we found redox regulation to be a posttranslational mechanism allowing the fine-tuning of the triose-phosphate fate. Both enzymes were inactivated after oxidation by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Kinetic studies determined that Ga3PDHase is marked (63-fold) more sensitive to oxidants than np-Ga3PDHase. Thioredoxin-h reverted the oxidation of both enzymes (although with differences between them), suggesting a physiological redox regulation. The results support a metabolic scenario where the cytosolic triose-phosphate dehydrogenases are regulated under changeable redox conditions. This would allow coordinate production of NADPH or ATP through glycolysis, with oxidative signals triggering reducing power synthesis in the cytosol. The NADPH increment would favor antioxidant responses to cope with the oxidative situation, while the thioredoxin system would positively feedback NADPH production by maintaining np-Ga3PDHase at its reduced active state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia V Piattoni
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (IAL, CONICET-UNL), FBCB, Paraje "El Pozo", CC 242, Santa Fe S3000ZAA, Argentina.
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20
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Fíla J, Matros A, Radau S, Zahedi RP, Capková V, Mock HP, Honys D. Revealing phosphoproteins playing role in tobacco pollen activated in vitro. Proteomics 2012; 12:3229-50. [PMID: 22976843 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The transition between the quiescent mature and the metabolically active germinating pollen grain most probably involves changes in protein phosphorylation status, since phosphorylation has been implicated in the regulation of many cellular processes. Given that, only a minor proportion of cellular proteins are phosphorylated at any one time, and that phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated forms of many proteins can co-exist within a cell, the identification of phosphoproteins requires some prior enrichment from a crude protein extract. Here, we have used metal oxide/hydroxide affinity chromatography (MOAC) based on an aluminum hydroxide matrix for this purpose, and have generated a population of phosphoprotein candidates from both mature and in vitro activated tobacco pollen grains. Both electrophoretic and nonelectrophoretic methods, allied to MS, were applied to these extracts to identify a set of 139 phosphoprotein candidates. In vitro phosphorylation was also used to validate the spectrum of phosphoprotein candidates obtained by the MOAC phosphoprotein enrichment. Since only one phosphorylation site was detected by the above approach, titanium dioxide phosphopeptide enrichment of trypsinized mature pollen crude extract was performed as well. It resulted in a detection of additional 51 phosphorylation sites giving a total of 52 identified phosphosites in this set of 139 phosphoprotein candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Fíla
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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21
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Diaz C, Kusano M, Sulpice R, Araki M, Redestig H, Saito K, Stitt M, Shin R. Determining novel functions of Arabidopsis 14-3-3 proteins in central metabolic processes. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2011; 5:192. [PMID: 22104211 PMCID: PMC3253775 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background 14-3-3 proteins are considered master regulators of many signal transduction cascades in eukaryotes. In plants, 14-3-3 proteins have major roles as regulators of nitrogen and carbon metabolism, conclusions based on the studies of a few specific 14-3-3 targets. Results In this study, extensive novel roles of 14-3-3 proteins in plant metabolism were determined through combining the parallel analyses of metabolites and enzyme activities in 14-3-3 overexpression and knockout plants with studies of protein-protein interactions. Decreases in the levels of sugars and nitrogen-containing-compounds and in the activities of known 14-3-3-interacting-enzymes were observed in 14-3-3 overexpression plants. Plants overexpressing 14-3-3 proteins also contained decreased levels of malate and citrate, which are intermediate compounds of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. These modifications were related to the reduced activities of isocitrate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase, which are key enzymes of TCA cycle. In addition, we demonstrated that 14-3-3 proteins interacted with one isocitrate dehydrogenase and two malate dehydrogenases. There were also changes in the levels of aromatic compounds and the activities of shikimate dehydrogenase, which participates in the biosynthesis of aromatic compounds. Conclusion Taken together, our findings indicate that 14-3-3 proteins play roles as crucial tuners of multiple primary metabolic processes including TCA cycle and the shikimate pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Diaz
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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22
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Piattoni CV, Bustos DM, Guerrero SA, Iglesias AÁ. Nonphosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is phosphorylated in wheat endosperm at serine-404 by an SNF1-related protein kinase allosterically inhibited by ribose-5-phosphate. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 156:1337-50. [PMID: 21546456 PMCID: PMC3135918 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.177261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Nonphosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (np-Ga3PDHase) is a cytosolic unconventional glycolytic enzyme of plant cells regulated by phosphorylation in heterotrophic tissues. After interaction with 14-3-3 proteins, the phosphorylated enzyme becomes less active and more sensitive to regulation by adenylates and inorganic pyrophosphate. Here, we acknowledge that in wheat (Triticum aestivum), np-Ga3PDHase is specifically phosphorylated by the SnRK (SNF1-related) protein kinase family. Interestingly, only the kinase present in heterotrophic tissues (endosperm and shoots, but not in leaves) was found active. The specific SnRK partially purified from endosperm exhibited a requirement for Mg(2+) or Mn(2+) (being Ca(2+) independent), having a molecular mass of approximately 200 kD. The kinase also phosphorylated standard peptides SAMS, AMARA, and SP46, as well as endogenous sucrose synthase, results suggesting that it could be a member of the SnRK1 subfamily. Concurrently, the partially purified wheat SnRK was recognized by antibodies raised against a peptide conserved between SnRK1s from sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and maize (Zea mays) developing seeds. The wheat kinase was allosterically inhibited by ribose-5-phosphate and, to a lesser extent, by fructose-1,6-bisphosphate and 3-phosphoglycerate, while glucose-6-phosphate (the main effector of spinach [Spinacia oleracea] leaves, SnRK1) and trehalose-6-phosphate produced little or no effect. Results support a distinctive allosteric regulation of SnRK1 present in photosynthetic or heterotrophic plant tissues. After in silico analysis, we constructed two np-Ga3PDHase mutants, S404A and S447A, identifying serine-404 as the target of phosphorylation. Results suggest that both np-Ga3PDHase and the specific kinase could be under control, critically affecting the metabolic scenario involving carbohydrates and reducing power partition and storage in heterotrophic plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alberto Álvaro Iglesias
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional del Litoral), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Paraje “El Pozo,” S3000ZAA Santa Fe, Argentina (C.V.P., S.A.G., A.A.I.); Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), 7130 Chascomus, Argentina (D.M.B.)
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Laino P, Shelton D, Finnie C, De Leonardis AM, Mastrangelo AM, Svensson B, Lafiandra D, Masci S. Comparative proteome analysis of metabolic proteins from seeds of durum wheat (cv. Svevo) subjected to heat stress. Proteomics 2010; 10:2359-68. [PMID: 20394079 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In Central and Southern Italy, where durum wheat represents one of the most widely cultivated crops, grain filling occurs during Spring, a period characterized by sudden increases in temperature. Wheat grain proteins are classified into albumins, globulins, and prolamins. The nonprolamin fractions include proteins with metabolic activity or structural function. In order to investigate the consequences of heat stress on the accumulation of nonprolamin proteins in mature durum wheat kernels, the Italian cultivar Svevo was subjected to two thermal regimes (heat stress versus control). The 2-D patterns of nonprolamin proteins were monitored to identify polypeptides affected by heat stress during grain fill. This study shows that heat stress alters significantly the durum wheat seed proteome, although the changes range is only between 1.2- and 2.2-fold. This analysis revealed 132 differentially expressed polypeptides, 47 of which were identified by MALDI-TOF and MALDI-TOF-TOF MS and included HSPs, proteins involved in the glycolysis and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as stress-related proteins. Many of the heat-induced polypeptides are considered to be allergenic for sensitive individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Laino
- Department of Agrobiology and Agrochemistry, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
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Piattoni CV, Rius SP, Gomez-Casati DF, Guerrero SA, Iglesias AA. Heterologous expression of non-phosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Triticum aestivum and Arabidopsis thaliana. Biochimie 2010; 92:909-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2010.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Chang IF, Curran A, Woolsey R, Quilici D, Cushman JC, Mittler R, Harmon A, Harper JF. Proteomic profiling of tandem affinity purified 14-3-3 protein complexes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proteomics 2009; 9:2967-85. [PMID: 19452453 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200800445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, 14-3-3 dimers regulate hundreds of functionally diverse proteins (clients), typically in phosphorylation-dependent interactions. To uncover new clients, 14-3-3 omega (At1g78300) from Arabidopsis was engineered with a "tandem affinity purification" tag and expressed in transgenic plants. Purified complexes were analyzed by tandem MS. Results indicate that 14-3-3 omega can dimerize with at least 10 of the 12 14-3-3 isoforms expressed in Arabidopsis. The identification here of 121 putative clients provides support for in vivo 14-3-3 interactions with a diverse array of proteins, including those involved in: (i) Ion transport, such as a K(+) channel (GORK), a Cl(-) channel (CLCg), Ca(2+) channels belonging to the glutamate receptor family (1.2, 2.1, 2.9, 3.4, 3.7); (ii) hormone signaling, such as ACC synthase (isoforms ACS-6, -7 and -8 involved in ethylene synthesis) and the brassinolide receptors BRI1 and BAK1; (iii) transcription, such as 7 WRKY family transcription factors; (iv) metabolism, such as phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase; and (v) lipid signaling, such as phospholipase D (beta and gamma). More than 80% (101) of these putative clients represent previously unidentified 14-3-3 interactors. These results raise the number of putative 14-3-3 clients identified in plants to over 300.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ing-Feng Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
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Scharte J, Schön H, Tjaden Z, Weis E, von Schaewen A. Isoenzyme replacement of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the cytosol improves stress tolerance in plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:8061-6. [PMID: 19416911 PMCID: PMC2683143 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0812902106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In source leaves of resistant tobacco, oxidative burst and subsequent formation of hypersensitive lesions after infection with Phytophthora nicotianae was prevented by inhibition of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) or NADPH oxidases. This observation indicated that plant defense could benefit from improved NADPH availability due to increased G6PDH activity in the cytosol. A plastidic isoform of the G6PDH-encoding gene, G6PD, displaying high NADPH tolerance was engineered for cytosolic expression (cP2), and introduced into a susceptible cultivar. After infection, transgenic (previously susceptible) lines overexpressing cP2 showed early oxidative bursts, callose deposition, and changes in metabolic parameters. These responses resulted in timely formation of hypersensitive lesions similar to resistant plants, although their extent varied considerably between different transgenic lines. Additional RNAi suppression of endogenous cytosolic G6PD isoforms resulted in highly uniform defense responses and also enhanced drought tolerance and flowering. Cytosolic G6PDH seems to be a crucial factor for the outcome of plant defense responses; thus, representing an important target for modulation of stress resistance. Because isoenzyme replacement of G6PDH in the cytosol was beneficial under various kinds of cues, we propose this strategy as a tool to enhance stress tolerance in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Scharte
- Institut für Botanik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossgarten 3, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hardy Schön
- Institut für Botanik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossgarten 3, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Zeina Tjaden
- Institut für Botanik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossgarten 3, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Engelbert Weis
- Institut für Botanik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossgarten 3, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Antje von Schaewen
- Institut für Botanik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossgarten 3, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Rius SP, Casati P, Iglesias AA, Gomez-Casati DF. Characterization of Arabidopsis lines deficient in GAPC-1, a cytosolic NAD-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2008; 148:1655-67. [PMID: 18820081 PMCID: PMC2577239 DOI: 10.1104/pp.108.128769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2008] [Accepted: 09/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase (GAPC-1) is a highly conserved cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of glyceraldehyde-3-P to 1,3-bis-phosphoglycerate; besides its participation in glycolysis, it is thought to be involved in additional cellular functions. To reach an integrative view on the many roles played by this enzyme, we characterized a homozygous gapc-1 null mutant and an as-GAPC1 line of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Both mutant plant lines show a delay in growth, morphological alterations in siliques, and low seed number. Embryo development was altered, showing abortions and empty embryonic sacs in basal and apical siliques, respectively. The gapc-1 line shows a decrease in ATP levels and reduced respiratory rate. Furthermore, both lines exhibit a decrease in the expression and activity of aconitase and succinate dehydrogenase and reduced levels of pyruvate and several Krebs cycle intermediates, as well as increased reactive oxygen species levels. Transcriptome analysis of the gapc-1 mutants unveils a differential accumulation of transcripts encoding for enzymes involved in carbon partitioning. According to these studies, some enzymes involved in carbon flux decreased (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, NAD-malic enzyme, glucose-6-P dehydrogenase) or increased (NAD-malate dehydrogenase) their activities compared to the wild-type line. Taken together, our data indicate that a deficiency in the cytosolic GAPC activity results in modifications of carbon flux and mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to an alteration of plant and embryo development with decreased number of seeds, indicating that GAPC-1 is essential for normal fertility in Arabidopsis plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián P Rius
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, CONICET/UNSAM, 7130, Chascomús, Argentina
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Bustos DM, Bustamante CA, Iglesias AA. Involvement of non-phosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in response to oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2008; 165:456-61. [PMID: 17913294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2007.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2007] [Revised: 06/19/2007] [Accepted: 06/21/2007] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases catalyze key steps in energy and reducing power partitioning in cells of higher plants. Because non-phosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NP-Ga3PDHase) is involved in the production of reductive power (NADPH) in the cytosol, its behavior under oxidative stress conditions was analyzed. The specific activity of the enzyme was found to increase up to 2-fold after oxidative conditions imposed by methylviologen in wheat and maize seedlings. Under moderate oxidant concentration, lack of mRNA induction was observed. The increase in specific activity would thus be a consequence of a significant stability of NP-Ga3PDHase. Our results suggest that the enzyme could be modified by oxidation of cysteine residues, but formation of disulfide bridges is dependent on levels of divalent cations and 14-3-3 proteins. The latter differential effect could be critical to relatively maintain energy and reductant levels in the cytoplasm of plant cells under oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego M Bustos
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomùs (IIB-INTECH), Chascomùs, Argentina
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Proteomic screen in the simple metazoan Hydra identifies 14-3-3 binding proteins implicated in cellular metabolism, cytoskeletal organisation and Ca2+ signalling. BMC Cell Biol 2007; 8:31. [PMID: 17651497 PMCID: PMC1964759 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-8-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2006] [Accepted: 07/25/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 14-3-3 proteins have been implicated in many signalling mechanisms due to their interaction with Ser/Thr phosphorylated target proteins. They are evolutionarily well conserved in eukaryotic organisms from single celled protozoans and unicellular algae to plants and humans. A diverse array of target proteins has been found in higher plants and in human cell lines including proteins involved in cellular metabolism, apoptosis, cytoskeletal organisation, secretion and Ca2+ signalling. Results We found that the simple metazoan Hydra has four 14-3-3 isoforms. In order to investigate whether the diversity of 14-3-3 target proteins is also conserved over the whole animal kingdom we isolated 14-3-3 binding proteins from Hydra vulgaris using a 14-3-3-affinity column. We identified 23 proteins that covered most of the above-mentioned groups. We also isolated several novel 14-3-3 binding proteins and the Hydra specific secreted fascin-domain-containing protein PPOD. In addition, we demonstrated that one of the 14-3-3 isoforms, 14-3-3 HyA, interacts with one Hydra-Bcl-2 like protein in vitro. Conclusion Our results indicate that 14-3-3 proteins have been ubiquitous signalling components since the start of metazoan evolution. We also discuss the possibility that they are involved in the regulation of cell numbers in response to food supply in Hydra.
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Chernik IS, Seit-Nebi AS, Marston SB, Gusev NB. Small heat shock protein Hsp20 (HspB6) as a partner of 14-3-3gamma. Mol Cell Biochem 2006; 295:9-17. [PMID: 17109079 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-006-9266-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2006] [Accepted: 06/26/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Interaction of human 14-3-3gamma with the small heat shock protein Hsp20 was analyzed by means of size-exclusion chromatography and chemical crosslinking. Unphosphorylated Hsp20 and its mutant S16D mimicking phosphorylation by cAMP-dependent protein kinase did not interact with 14-3-3. Phosphorylated Hsp20 formed a tight complex with 14-3-3 in which dimer of 14-3-3 was bound to dimer of Hsp20. 14-3-3 did not affect the chaperone activity of unphosphorylated Hsp20 but increased the chaperone activity of phosphorylated Hsp20 if insulin was used as a model substrate. Estimation of the effect of 14-3-3 on the chaperone activity of Hsp20 with other model substrates was complicated by the fact that under in vitro conditions isolated 14-3-3 possessed its own high chaperone activity. Taken into account high content of Hsp20 in different muscles it is supposed that upon phosphorylation Hsp20 might effectively compete with multiple protein targets of 14-3-3 and by this means indirectly affect many intracellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan S Chernik
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
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Rius SP, Casati P, Iglesias AA, Gomez-Casati DF. Characterization of an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant lacking a cytosolic non-phosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 61:945-57. [PMID: 16927206 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-006-0060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2006] [Accepted: 03/29/2006] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Non-phosphorylating glyceraldehyde- 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NP-GAPDH) is a conserved cytosolic protein found in higher plants. In photosynthetic cells, the enzyme is involved in a shuttle transfer mechanism to export NADPH from the chloroplast to the cytosol. To investigate the role of this enzyme in plant tissues, we characterized a mutant from Arabidopsis thaliana having an insertion at the NP-GAPDH gene locus. The homozygous mutant was determined to be null respect to NP-GAPDH, as it exhibited undetectable levels of both transcription of NP-GAPDH mRNA, protein expression and enzyme activity. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that the insertion mutant plant shows altered expression of several enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism. Significantly, cytosolic phosphorylating (NAD-dependent) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA levels are induced in the mutant, which correlates with an increase in enzyme activity. mRNA levels and enzymatic activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were also elevated, correlating with an increase in NADPH concentration. Moreover, increased ROS levels were measured in the mutant plants. Down-regulation of several glycolytic and photosynthetic genes suggests that NP-GAPDH is important for the efficiency of both metabolic processes. The results presented demonstrate that NP-GAPDH has a relevant role in plant growth and development.
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Alexander RD, Morris PC. A proteomic analysis of 14-3-3 binding proteins from developing barley grains. Proteomics 2006; 6:1886-96. [PMID: 16470656 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200500548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins are important eukaryotic regulatory proteins. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) 14-3-3A was over-expressed, immobilised and used to affinity purify 14-3-3 binding proteins from developing barley grains. Binding was shown to be phosphorylation-dependent. These proteins were fractionated by PAGE and identified by MALDI-TOF MS. In total, 54 14-3-3 binding proteins were identified, 49 of these interactions are novel to plants. These proteins fell into a number of functional categories. The largest category was for carbohydrate metabolism, including plastidic enzymes for starch synthesis and modification. 14-3-3 was shown to be present in isolated plastids. Four of five enzymes involved in sucrose biosynthesis from triose phosphates were identified, suggesting co-ordinated regulation of this pathway. Invertase and sucrose synthase, which break down sucrose to hexoses, were found. Sucrose synthase activity was shown to be inhibited by exogenous 14-3-3 in a dosage-dependent manner. The second-largest functional group was for proteins involved in stress and defence responses; for example, RGH2A, closely related to the MLA powdery mildew resistance protein, was found. This work illustrates the broad range of processes in which 14-3-3 may be involved, and augments previous data demonstrating key roles in carbohydrate metabolism and plant defence.
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Bustos DM, Iglesias AA. A model for the interaction between plant GAPN and 14-3-3ζ using protein–protein docking calculations, electrostatic potentials and kinetics. J Mol Graph Model 2005; 23:490-502. [PMID: 15896993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2005.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2004] [Revised: 03/25/2005] [Accepted: 03/29/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylated non-phosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.9; GAPN) found in heterotrophic cells of wheat is activated by MgCl(2). The divalent cation disrupts the interaction between GAPN and a 14-3-3 regulatory protein. This effect is quite remarkable, since it has previously been shown that 14-3-3 binding to a target protein requires divalent cations as Mg(2+) or Ca(2+). Binding of the divalent cation to 14-3-3 causes an increase in surface hydrophobicity. Crystal structure of a 14-3-3-target protein complex has been only determined for serotinin N-acetyltransferase. We utilized a model of a subunit of plant GAPN and the crystallographic structure of human 14-3-3zeta to shape the complex between theses two proteins. Initial dockings were performed with the BiGGER program, which allows an exhaustive search of translational and rotational space. A filtering procedure was then applied to reduce the number of complexes to a manageable number. We predict the structural characteristics of GAPN-14-3-3zeta binding process, proposing that the main attractive force in this complex derives from electrostatic interactions. The predicted model was corroborated by analysis of kinetic behavior of GAPN and its relationship with pH and ionic strength conditions. This study provides a variant on the interaction of 14-3-3 with target proteins, thus affording a wider scenario to establish possible structural models for this remarkable family of regulatory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego M Bustos
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH), Camino Circunv, Laguna km 6, CC 164, B7130IWA Chascomús, Argentina
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Khan MMK, Jan A, Karibe H, Komatsu S. Identification of phosphoproteins regulated by gibberellin in rice leaf sheath. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2005; 58:27-40. [PMID: 16028114 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-005-4013-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2005] [Accepted: 03/17/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
To identify the gibberellin (GA) signaling components involved in rice leaf sheath elongation process, protein phosphorylation changed by GA3 was analyzed. The protein kinase activities in rice leaf sheath were assessed in an in-gel kinase assay using SDS-polyacrylamide gel containing histone III-S as a substrate. The activity of a putative 54-kDa calcium dependent protein kinase (CDPK) in cytosolic fraction in rice leaf sheath increased significantly by GA3. Further, phosphorylation status of the proteins changed by GA3 in rice leaf sheath were detected by in vitro protein phosphorylation followed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the phosphoproteins were identified by mass spectrometry. Sixty phosphoproteins was detected after in vitro protein phosphorylation and the phosphorylation of 7 proteins was enhanced by GA3 treatment. The addition of GA3 treated cytosolic fraction of leaf sheath further increased the phosphorylation of 4 proteins, glyoxalase-I, cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase, glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and another unknown protein. The protein kinase inhibitor, staurosporine inhibited the phosphorylation of these proteins in vitro. Other hormones, particularly, indole acetic acid, 6-benzylaminopurine and abscisic acid did not change the phosphorylation status of these proteins. The identified proteins did not show any change by GA3 treatment at transcription level. The abundance of glyoxalase-I and cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase remained unchanged by GA3 treatment as detected on 2D-gel by silver staining, unlike for glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Results suggest that the phosphoproteins, glyoxalase-I and cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase in rice leaf sheath could be important signaling components of GA3, downstream to 54-kDa CDPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Monowar Karim Khan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, 305-8602, Tsukuba, Japan
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