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Shi W, Liu Y, Zhao N, Yao L, Li J, Fan M, Zhong B, Bai MY, Han C. Hydrogen peroxide is required for light-induced stomatal opening across different plant species. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5081. [PMID: 38876991 PMCID: PMC11178795 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49377-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Stomatal movement is vital for plants to exchange gases and adaption to terrestrial habitats, which is regulated by environmental and phytohormonal signals. Here, we demonstrate that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is required for light-induced stomatal opening. H2O2 accumulates specifically in guard cells even when plants are under unstressed conditions. Reducing H2O2 content through chemical treatments or genetic manipulations results in impaired stomatal opening in response to light. This phenomenon is observed across different plant species, including lycopodium, fern, and monocotyledonous wheat. Additionally, we show that H2O2 induces the nuclear localization of KIN10 protein, the catalytic subunit of plant energy sensor SnRK1. The nuclear-localized KIN10 interacts with and phosphorylates the bZIP transcription factor bZIP30, leading to the formation of a heterodimer between bZIP30 and BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT1 (BZR1), the master regulator of brassinosteroid signaling. This heterodimer complex activates the expression of amylase, which enables guard cell starch degradation and promotes stomatal opening. Overall, these findings suggest that H2O2 plays a critical role in light-induced stomatal opening across different plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yue Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Na Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Lianmei Yao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jinge Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, Shandong, China
| | - Min Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Bojian Zhong
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ming-Yi Bai
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Chao Han
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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Lim SL, Flütsch S, Liu J, Distefano L, Santelia D, Lim BL. Arabidopsis guard cell chloroplasts import cytosolic ATP for starch turnover and stomatal opening. Nat Commun 2022; 13:652. [PMID: 35115512 PMCID: PMC8814037 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28263-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Stomatal opening requires the provision of energy in the form of ATP for proton pumping across the guard cell (GC) plasma membrane and for associated metabolic rearrangements. The source of ATP for GCs is a matter of ongoing debate that is mainly fuelled by controversies around the ability of GC chloroplasts (GCCs) to perform photosynthesis. By imaging compartment-specific fluorescent ATP and NADPH sensor proteins in Arabidopsis, we show that GC photosynthesis is limited and mitochondria are the main source of ATP. Unlike mature mesophyll cell (MC) chloroplasts, which are impermeable to cytosolic ATP, GCCs import cytosolic ATP through NUCLEOTIDE TRANSPORTER (NTT) proteins. GCs from ntt mutants exhibit impaired abilities for starch biosynthesis and stomatal opening. Our work shows that GCs obtain ATP and carbohydrates via different routes from MCs, likely to compensate for the lower chlorophyll contents and limited photosynthesis of GCCs. Stomatal guard cells require ATP in order to fuel stomatal movements. Here the authors show that guard cell photosynthesis is limited, mitochondria are the main source of ATP and that guard cell chloroplasts import ATP via nucleotide transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shey-Li Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sabrina Flütsch
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jinhong Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Luca Distefano
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Diana Santelia
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Boon Leong Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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3
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Medeiros DB, Perez Souza L, Antunes WC, Araújo WL, Daloso DM, Fernie AR. Sucrose breakdown within guard cells provides substrates for glycolysis and glutamine biosynthesis during light-induced stomatal opening. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018. [PMID: 29543357 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose has long been thought to play an osmolytic role in stomatal opening. However, recent evidence supports the idea that the role of sucrose in this process is primarily energetic. Here we used a combination of stomatal aperture assays and kinetic [U-13 C]-sucrose isotope labelling experiments to confirm that sucrose is degraded during light-induced stomatal opening and to define the fate of the C released from sucrose breakdown. We additionally show that addition of sucrose to the medium did not enhance light-induced stomatal opening. The isotope experiment showed a consistent 13 C enrichment in fructose and glucose, indicating that during light-induced stomatal opening sucrose is indeed degraded. We also observed a clear 13 C enrichment in glutamate and glutamine (Gln), suggesting a concerted activation of sucrose degradation, glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. This is in contrast to the situation for Gln biosynthesis in leaves under light, which has been demonstrated to rely on previously stored C. Our results thus collectively allow us to redraw current models concerning the influence of sucrose during light-induced stomatal opening, in which, instead of being accumulated, sucrose is degraded providing C skeletons for Gln biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Medeiros
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
- Max-Planck Partner Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Perez Souza
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Werner C Antunes
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Max-Planck Partner Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Danilo M Daloso
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60440-970, Brazil
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
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4
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Daloso DM, Medeiros DB, Dos Anjos L, Yoshida T, Araújo WL, Fernie AR. Metabolism within the specialized guard cells of plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 216:1018-1033. [PMID: 28984366 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Contents 1018 I. 1018 II. 1019 III. 1022 IV. 1025 V. 1026 VI. 1029 1030 References 1030 SUMMARY: Stomata are leaf epidermal structures consisting of two guard cells surrounding a pore. Changes in the aperture of this pore regulate plant water-use efficiency, defined as gain of C by photosynthesis per leaf water transpired. Stomatal aperture is actively regulated by reversible changes in guard cell osmolyte content. Despite the fact that guard cells can photosynthesize on their own, the accumulation of mesophyll-derived metabolites can seemingly act as signals which contribute to the regulation of stomatal movement. It has been shown that malate can act as a signalling molecule and a counter-ion of potassium, a well-established osmolyte that accumulates in the vacuole of guard cells during stomatal opening. By contrast, their efflux from guard cells is an important mechanism during stomatal closure. It has been hypothesized that the breakdown of starch, sucrose and lipids is an important mechanism during stomatal opening, which may be related to ATP production through glycolysis and mitochondrial metabolism, and/or accumulation of osmolytes such as sugars and malate. However, experimental evidence supporting this theory is lacking. Here we highlight the particularities of guard cell metabolism and discuss this in the context of the guard cells themselves and their interaction with the mesophyll cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo M Daloso
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60451-970, Brasil
| | - David B Medeiros
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
- Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brasil
| | - Letícia Dos Anjos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60451-970, Brasil
| | - Takuya Yoshida
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brasil
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
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5
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Sunil B, Raghavendra AS. Measurement of Mitochondrial Respiration in Isolated Protoplasts: Cytochrome and Alternative Pathways. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1670:253-265. [PMID: 28871550 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7292-0_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
The electron partitioning between COX and AOX pathways of mitochondria and their coordination is necessary to meet the energy demands as well as to maintain optimized redox status in plants under varying environmental conditions. The relative contribution of these two pathways to total respiration is an important measure during a given stress condition. We describe in detail the procedure that allows the measurement of the parameters of COX and AOX pathway of respiration in mesophyll protoplasts using Clark-type O2 electrode. This chapter also lists the steps for rapid isolation procedure for mesophyll protoplasts from pea leaves. The advantages and limitations of the use of metabolic inhibitors and the protoplasts for measuring the respiration are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobba Sunil
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Agepati S Raghavendra
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
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6
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Gago J, Daloso DDM, Figueroa CM, Flexas J, Fernie AR, Nikoloski Z. Relationships of Leaf Net Photosynthesis, Stomatal Conductance, and Mesophyll Conductance to Primary Metabolism: A Multispecies Meta-Analysis Approach. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 171:265-79. [PMID: 26977088 PMCID: PMC4854675 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant metabolism drives plant development and plant-environment responses, and data readouts from this cellular level could provide insights in the underlying molecular processes. Existing studies have already related key in vivo leaf gas-exchange parameters with structural traits and nutrient components across multiple species. However, insights in the relationships of leaf gas-exchange with leaf primary metabolism are still limited. We investigated these relationships through a multispecies meta-analysis approach based on data sets from 17 published studies describing net photosynthesis (A) and stomatal (gs) and mesophyll (gm) conductances, alongside the 53 data profiles from primary metabolism of 14 species grown in different experiments. Modeling results highlighted the conserved patterns between the different species. Consideration of species-specific effects increased the explanatory power of the models for some metabolites, including Glc-6-P, Fru-6-P, malate, fumarate, Xyl, and ribose. Significant relationships of A with sugars and phosphorylated intermediates were observed. While gs was related to sugars, organic acids, myo-inositol, and shikimate, gm showed a more complex pattern in comparison to the two other traits. Some metabolites, such as malate and Man, appeared in the models for both conductances, suggesting a metabolic coregulation between gs and gm The resulting statistical models provide the first hints for coregulation patterns involving primary metabolism plus leaf water and carbon balances that are conserved across plant species, as well as species-specific trends that can be used to determine new biotechnological targets for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Gago
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain (J.G., J.F.); Central Metabolism Group, Molecular Physiology Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany (J.G., D.d.M.D., A.R.F.); System Regulation Group, Metabolic Networks Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany (C.M.F.); andSystems Biology and Mathematical Modeling Group, Molecular Physiology Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany (Z.N.)
| | - Danilo de Menezes Daloso
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain (J.G., J.F.); Central Metabolism Group, Molecular Physiology Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany (J.G., D.d.M.D., A.R.F.); System Regulation Group, Metabolic Networks Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany (C.M.F.); andSystems Biology and Mathematical Modeling Group, Molecular Physiology Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany (Z.N.)
| | - Carlos María Figueroa
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain (J.G., J.F.); Central Metabolism Group, Molecular Physiology Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany (J.G., D.d.M.D., A.R.F.); System Regulation Group, Metabolic Networks Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany (C.M.F.); andSystems Biology and Mathematical Modeling Group, Molecular Physiology Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany (Z.N.)
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain (J.G., J.F.); Central Metabolism Group, Molecular Physiology Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany (J.G., D.d.M.D., A.R.F.); System Regulation Group, Metabolic Networks Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany (C.M.F.); andSystems Biology and Mathematical Modeling Group, Molecular Physiology Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany (Z.N.)
| | - Alisdair Robert Fernie
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain (J.G., J.F.); Central Metabolism Group, Molecular Physiology Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany (J.G., D.d.M.D., A.R.F.); System Regulation Group, Metabolic Networks Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany (C.M.F.); andSystems Biology and Mathematical Modeling Group, Molecular Physiology Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany (Z.N.)
| | - Zoran Nikoloski
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain (J.G., J.F.); Central Metabolism Group, Molecular Physiology Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany (J.G., D.d.M.D., A.R.F.); System Regulation Group, Metabolic Networks Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany (C.M.F.); andSystems Biology and Mathematical Modeling Group, Molecular Physiology Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany (Z.N.)
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7
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Daloso DM, Williams TCR, Antunes WC, Pinheiro DP, Müller C, Loureiro ME, Fernie AR. Guard cell-specific upregulation of sucrose synthase 3 reveals that the role of sucrose in stomatal function is primarily energetic. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 209:1470-83. [PMID: 26467445 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Isoform 3 of sucrose synthase (SUS3) is highly expressed in guard cells; however, the precise function of SUS3 in this cell type remains to be elucidated. Here, we characterized transgenic Nicotiana tabacum plants overexpressing SUS3 under the control of the stomatal-specific KST1 promoter, and investigated the changes in guard cell metabolism during the dark to light transition. Guard cell-specific SUS3 overexpression led to increased SUS activity, stomatal aperture, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, net photosynthetic rate and growth. Although only minor changes were observed in the metabolite profile in whole leaves, an increased fructose level and decreased organic acid levels and sucrose to fructose ratio were observed in guard cells of transgenic lines. Furthermore, guard cell sucrose content was lower during light-induced stomatal opening. In a complementary approach, we incubated guard cell-enriched epidermal fragments in (13) C-NaHCO3 and followed the redistribution of label during dark to light transitions; this revealed increased labeling in metabolites of, or associated with, the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The results suggest that sucrose breakdown is a mechanism to provide substrate for the provision of organic acids for respiration, and imply that manipulation of guard cell metabolism may represent an effective strategy for plant growth improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo M Daloso
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-000, Brazil
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Thomas C R Williams
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-000, Brazil
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade de Brasilia, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Werner C Antunes
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-000, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Daniela P Pinheiro
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Caroline Müller
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Marcelo E Loureiro
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
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8
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Daloso DM, Antunes WC, Pinheiro DP, Waquim JP, Araújo WL, Loureiro ME, Fernie AR, Williams TCR. Tobacco guard cells fix CO2 by both Rubisco and PEPcase while sucrose acts as a substrate during light-induced stomatal opening. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:2353-71. [PMID: 25871738 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptomic and proteomic studies have improved our knowledge of guard cell function; however, metabolic changes in guard cells remain relatively poorly understood. Here we analysed metabolic changes in guard cell-enriched epidermal fragments from tobacco during light-induced stomatal opening. Increases in sucrose, glucose and fructose were observed during light-induced stomatal opening in the presence of sucrose in the medium while no changes in starch were observed, suggesting that the elevated fructose and glucose levels were a consequence of sucrose rather than starch breakdown. Conversely, reduction in sucrose was observed during light- plus potassium-induced stomatal opening. Concomitant with the decrease in sucrose, we observed an increase in the level as well as in the (13) C enrichment in metabolites of, or associated with, the tricarboxylic acid cycle following incubation of the guard cell-enriched preparations in (13) C-labelled bicarbonate. Collectively, the results obtained support the hypothesis that sucrose is catabolized within guard cells in order to provide carbon skeletons for organic acid production. Furthermore, they provide a qualitative demonstration that CO2 fixation occurs both via ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPcase). The combined data are discussed with respect to current models of guard cell metabolism and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo M Daloso
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Werner C Antunes
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Daniela P Pinheiro
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jardel P Waquim
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcelo E Loureiro
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Thomas C R Williams
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade de Brasilia, Brasilia, Distrito Federal, 70910-900, Brazil
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9
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Long BM, Bahar NHA, Atkin OK. Contributions of photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic cell types to leaf respiration in Vicia faba L. and their responses to growth temperature. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:2263-2276. [PMID: 25828647 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In intact leaves, mitochondrial populations are highly heterogeneous among contrasting cell types; how such contrasting populations respond to sustained changes in the environment remains, however, unclear. Here, we examined respiratory rates, mitochondrial protein composition and response to growth temperature in photosynthetic (mesophyll) and non-photosynthetic (epidermal) cells from fully expanded leaves of warm-developed (WD) and cold-developed (CD) broad bean (Vicia faba L.). Rates of respiration were significantly higher in mesophyll cell protoplasts (MCPs) than epidermal cell protoplasts (ECPs), with both protoplast types exhibiting capacity for cytochrome and alternative oxidase activity. Compared with ECPs, MCPs contained greater relative quantities of porin, suggesting higher mitochondrial surface area in mesophyll cells. Nevertheless, the relative quantities of respiratory proteins (normalized to porin) were similar in MCPs and ECPs, suggesting that ECPs have lower numbers of mitochondria yet similar protein complement to MCP mitochondria (albeit with lower abundance serine hydroxymethyltransferase). Several mitochondrial proteins (both non-photorespiratory and photorespiratory) exhibited an increased abundance in response to cold in both protoplast types. Based on estimates of individual protoplast respiration rates, combined with leaf cell abundance data, epidermal cells make a small but significant (2%) contribution to overall leaf respiration which increases twofold in the cold. Taken together, our data highlight the heterogeneous nature of mitochondrial populations in leaves, both among contrasting cell types and in how those populations respond to growth temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict M Long
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
| | - Nur H A Bahar
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
| | - Owen K Atkin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
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10
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Cvetkovska M, Dahal K, Alber NA, Jin C, Cheung M, Vanlerberghe GC. Knockdown of mitochondrial alternative oxidase induces the 'stress state' of signaling molecule pools in Nicotiana tabacum, with implications for stomatal function. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 203:449-461. [PMID: 24635054 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) includes an alternative oxidase (AOX) that may control the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). ROS and RNS act as signaling intermediates in numerous plant processes, including stomatal movement. The role of AOX in controlling ROS and RNS concentrations under both steady-state and different stress conditions was evaluated using Nicotiana tabacum plants lacking AOX as a result of RNA interference. A potential functional implication of changes in ROS and RNS homeostasis was also evaluated by examining stomatal function. The leaves of nonstressed AOX knockdowns maintained concentrations of H2O2 and nitric oxide (NO) normally seen in wildtype plants only under stress conditions. Further, guard cell NO amounts were much higher in knockdowns. These guard cells were altered in size and were less responsive to NO as a signal for stomatal closure. This, in turn, compromised the stomatal response to changing irradiance. The results reveal a role for AOX in stomata. A working model is that guard cell AOX respiration maintains NO homeostasis by preventing over-reduction of the ETC, particularly during periods when high concentrations of NO acting as a signal for stomatal closure may also be inhibiting cyt oxidase respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Cvetkovska
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Keshav Dahal
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Nicole A Alber
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Cathy Jin
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Melissa Cheung
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Greg C Vanlerberghe
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
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11
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Araújo WL, Nunes-Nesi A, Osorio S, Usadel B, Fuentes D, Nagy R, Balbo I, Lehmann M, Studart-Witkowski C, Tohge T, Martinoia E, Jordana X, DaMatta FM, Fernie AR. Antisense inhibition of the iron-sulphur subunit of succinate dehydrogenase enhances photosynthesis and growth in tomato via an organic acid-mediated effect on stomatal aperture. THE PLANT CELL 2011; 23:600-27. [PMID: 21307286 PMCID: PMC3077794 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.110.081224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants expressing a fragment of the Sl SDH2-2 gene encoding the iron sulfur subunit of the succinate dehydrogenase protein complex in the antisense orientation under the control of the 35S promoter exhibit an enhanced rate of photosynthesis. The rate of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle was reduced in these transformants, and there were changes in the levels of metabolites associated with the TCA cycle. Furthermore, in comparison to wild-type plants, carbon dioxide assimilation was enhanced by up to 25% in the transgenic plants under ambient conditions, and mature plants were characterized by an increased biomass. Analysis of additional photosynthetic parameters revealed that the rate of transpiration and stomatal conductance were markedly elevated in the transgenic plants. The transformants displayed a strongly enhanced assimilation rate under both ambient and suboptimal environmental conditions, as well as an elevated maximal stomatal aperture. By contrast, when the Sl SDH2-2 gene was repressed by antisense RNA in a guard cell-specific manner, changes in neither stomatal aperture nor photosynthesis were observed. The data obtained are discussed in the context of the role of TCA cycle intermediates both generally with respect to photosynthetic metabolism and specifically with respect to their role in the regulation of stomatal aperture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagner L. Araújo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany
| | - Sonia Osorio
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany
| | - Björn Usadel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany
| | - Daniela Fuentes
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile
| | - Réka Nagy
- University of Zurich, Institute of Plant Biology, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ilse Balbo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany
| | - Martin Lehmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany
| | | | - Takayuki Tohge
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany
| | - Enrico Martinoia
- University of Zurich, Institute of Plant Biology, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Jordana
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fábio M. DaMatta
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany
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12
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Omasa K, Konishi A, Tamura H, Hosoi F. 3D Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy for the Analysis of Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters of Chloroplasts in Intact Leaf Tissues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 50:90-105. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcn174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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13
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Atreya A, Bhargava S. Salt-induced respiration in Bruguiera cylindrica - role in salt transport and protection against oxidative damage. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2008; 14:217-26. [PMID: 23572889 PMCID: PMC3550618 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-008-0021-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Leaves of Bruguiera cylindrica plants grown in the greenhouse and irrigated with fresh water (FW plants) and those from salt-adapted plants from the seacoast (SW plants) showed about 5-fold and 3-fold increase in respiration, respectively, when immersed in 4M NaCl solution. The increase in respiration was not due to dehydration effect of high salt concentration, since PEG-imposed dehydration stress to the leaves led to an inhibition of respiration rates in both FW and SW plants. The salt-induced increase in respiration rate was specific to monovalent cations, especially Na(+) and K(+), but not divalent or trivalent cations, and to Cl(-), but not other anions. Pretreatment of leaves of FW plants with 1mM amiloride, an inhibitor of the Na(+) / H(+) antiporter, reduced the NaCl-induced respiration surge. At least some part of the observed respiratory increase could therefore be for providing energy for ion transport, since the Na(+) / H(+) antiport activity is driven by activities of the tonoplast and plasma membrane H(+)-ATPases and H(+)-PPases. Respiration of the leaves from both FW and SW plants was accounted for by the COX pathway and was inhibited by KCN. But 4M NaCl-induced increase in FW, but not SW plants, was inhibited by the AOX inhibitor, SHAM. Also, generation of ROS was reduced by treatment with KCN, but increased with SHAM. This pointed to a protective role of AOX in reducing ROS generation during salt-induced respiration. Our results indicated that NaCl-induced increase in leaf respiration of B. cylindrica plants irrigated with fresh water was required for (a) salt transport and (b) reducing the harmful effects of ROS that are known to accompany increased respiratory activity.
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14
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Shimazaki KI, Doi M, Assmann SM, Kinoshita T. Light regulation of stomatal movement. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2007; 58:219-47. [PMID: 17209798 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.57.032905.105434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 462] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal pores, each surrounded by a pair of guard cells, regulate CO2 uptake and water loss from leaves. Stomatal opening is driven by the accumulation of K+ salts and sugars in guard cells, which is mediated by electrogenic proton pumps in the plasma membrane and/or metabolic activity. Opening responses are achieved by coordination of light signaling, light-energy conversion, membrane ion transport, and metabolic activity in guard cells. In this review, we focus on recent progress in blue- and red-light-dependent stomatal opening. Because the blue-light response of stomata appears to be strongly affected by red light, we discuss underlying mechanisms in the interaction between blue-light signaling and guard cell chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichiro Shimazaki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Ropponmatsu, Fukuoka 810-8560, Japan.
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15
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Abstract
In this review we concentrate on guard cell metabolism and CO2 sensing. Although a matter of some controversy, it is generally accepted that the Calvin cycle plays a minor role in stomatal movements. Recent data emphasise the importance of guard cell starch degradation and of carbon import from the guard cell apoplast in promoting and maintaining stomatal opening. Chloroplast maltose and glucose transporters appear to be crucial to the export of carbon from both guard and mesophyll cells. The way guard cells sense CO2 remains an unresolved question. However, a better understanding of the cellular events downstream from CO2 sensing is emerging. We now recognise that there are common as well as unique steps in abscisic acid (ABA) and CO2 signalling pathways. For example, while ABA and CO2 both trigger increases in cytoplasmic free calcium, unlike ABA, CO2 does not promote a cytoplasmic pH change. Future advances in this area are likely to result from the increased use of techniques and resources, such as, reverse genetics, novel mutants, confocal imaging, and microarray analyses of the guard cell transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Vavasseur
- CEA/Cadarache-DSV-DEVM, Laboratoire des Echanges Membranaires et Signalisation, UMR 6191 CNRS-CEA-Aix-Marseille II. 13108 St Paul Lez-Durance Cedex, France.
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16
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Protoplasts of Grain and Forage Legumes: Their Exploitation in Genetic Manipulation, Physiological Investigations and Plant-Pathogen Interactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-0109-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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17
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Nast G, Müller-Röber B. Molecular characterization of potato fumarate hydratase and functional expression in Escherichia coli. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1996; 112:1219-1227. [PMID: 8938419 PMCID: PMC158049 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.3.1219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme fumarase (fumarate hydratase; EC 4.2.1.2) catalyzes the reversible hydration of fumarate to L-malate. We report the molecular cloning of a cDNA (StFum-1) that encodes fumarase from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). RNA blot analysis demonstrated that StFum-1 is most strongly expressed in flowers, immature leaves, and tubers. The deduced protein contains a typical mitochondrial targeting peptide and has a calculated molecular mass of 50.1 kD (processed form). Potato fumarase complemented a fumarase-deficient Escherichia coli mutation for growth on minimal medium that contains acetate or fumarate as the sole carbon source, indicating that functional plant protein was produced in the bacterium. Antiserum raised against the recombinant plant enzyme recognized a 50-kD protein in wild-type but not in StFum-1 antisense plants, indicating specificity of the immunoreaction. A protein of identical size was also detected in isolated potato tuber mitochondria. Although elevated activity of fumarase was previously reported for guard cells (as compared with mesophyll cells), additional screening and genomic hybridization data reported here do not support the hypothesis that a second fumarase gene is expressed in potato guard cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Nast
- Institut für Genbiologische Forschung Berlin GmbH, Germany
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