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Qu D, Yan F, Zhang Y, Huang L. A 4D Proteome Investigation of the Potential Mechanisms of SA in Triggering Resistance in Kiwifruit to Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17448. [PMID: 38139278 PMCID: PMC10744097 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Kiwifruit bacterial cankers caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) are a serious threat to the kiwifruit industry. Salicylic acid (SA) regulates plant defense responses and was previously found to enhance kiwifruit's resistance to Psa. However, the underlying mechanisms of this process remain unclear. In this study, we used 4D proteomics to investigate how SA enhances kiwifruit's resistance to Psa and found that both SA treatment and Psa infection induced dramatic changes in the proteomic pattern of kiwifruit. Psa infection triggered the activation of numerous resistance events, including the MAPK cascade, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and hormone signaling transduction. In most cases, the differential expression of a number of genes involved in the SA signaling pathway played a significant role in kiwifruit's responses to Psa. Moreover, SA treatment upregulated numerous resistance-related proteins, which functioned in defense responses to Psa, including phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, the MAPK cascade, and the upregulation of pathogenesis-related proteins. We also found that SA treatment could facilitate timely defense responses to Psa infection and enhance the activation of defense responses that were downregulated in kiwifruit during infection with Psa. Thus, our research deciphered the potential mechanisms of SA in promoting Psa resistance in kiwifruit and can provide a basis for the use of SA to enhance kiwifruit resistance and effectively control the occurrence of kiwifruit bacterial cankers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Qu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China;
- Shaanxi Provincial Bioresource Key Laboratory, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China; (F.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Fei Yan
- Shaanxi Provincial Bioresource Key Laboratory, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China; (F.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yu Zhang
- Shaanxi Provincial Bioresource Key Laboratory, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China; (F.Y.); (Y.Z.)
- Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Lili Huang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China;
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2
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Zeng H, Zhu Q, Yuan P, Yan Y, Yi K, Du L. Calmodulin and calmodulin-like protein-mediated plant responses to biotic stresses. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:3680-3703. [PMID: 37575022 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved a set of finely regulated mechanisms to respond to various biotic stresses. Transient changes in intracellular calcium (Ca2+ ) concentration have been well documented to act as cellular signals in coupling environmental stimuli to appropriate physiological responses with astonishing accuracy and specificity in plants. Calmodulins (CaMs) and calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs) are extensively characterized as important classes of Ca2+ sensors. The spatial-temporal coordination between Ca2+ transients, CaMs/CMLs and their target proteins is critical for plant responses to environmental stresses. Ca2+ -loaded CaMs/CMLs interact with and regulate a broad spectrum of target proteins, such as ion transporters (including channels, pumps, and antiporters), transcription factors, protein kinases, protein phosphatases, metabolic enzymes and proteins with unknown biological functions. This review focuses on mechanisms underlying how CaMs/CMLs are involved in the regulation of plant responses to diverse biotic stresses including pathogen infections and herbivore attacks. Recent discoveries of crucial functions of CaMs/CMLs and their target proteins in biotic stress resistance revealed through physiological, molecular, biochemical, and genetic analyses have been described, and intriguing insights into the CaM/CML-mediated regulatory network are proposed. Perspectives for future directions in understanding CaM/CML-mediated signalling pathways in plant responses to biotic stresses are discussed. The application of accumulated knowledge of CaM/CML-mediated signalling in biotic stress responses into crop cultivation would improve crop resistance to various biotic stresses and safeguard our food production in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houqing Zeng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiuqing Zhu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peiguo Yuan
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Keke Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liqun Du
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Saha B, Nayak J, Srivastava R, Samal S, Kumar D, Chanwala J, Dey N, Giri MK. Unraveling the involvement of WRKY TFs in regulating plant disease defense signaling. PLANTA 2023; 259:7. [PMID: 38012461 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04269-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION This review article explores the intricate role, regulation, and signaling mechanisms of WRKY TFs in response to biotic stress, particularly emphasizing their pivotal role in the trophism of plant-pathogen interactions. Transcription factors (TFs) play a vital role in governing both plant defense and development by controlling the expression of various downstream target genes. Early studies have shown the differential expression of certain WRKY transcription factors by microbial infections. Several transcriptome-wide studies later demonstrated that diverse sets of WRKYs are significantly activated in the early stages of viral, bacterial, and fungal infections. Furthermore, functional investigations indicated that overexpression or silencing of certain WRKY genes in plants can drastically alter disease symptoms as well as pathogen multiplication rates. Hence the new aspects of pathogen-triggered WRKY TFs mediated regulation of plant defense can be explored. The already recognized roles of WRKYs include transcriptional regulation of defense-related genes, modulation of hormonal signaling, and participation in signal transduction pathways. Some WRKYs have been shown to directly bind to pathogen effectors, acting as decoys or resistance proteins. Notably, the signaling molecules like salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene which are associated with plant defense significantly increase the expression of several WRKYs. Moreover, induction of WRKY genes or heightened WRKY activities is also observed during ISR triggered by the beneficial microbes which protect the plants from subsequent pathogen infection. To understand the contribution of WRKY TFs towards disease resistance and their exact metabolic functions in infected plants, further studies are required. This review article explores the intrinsic transcriptional regulation, signaling mechanisms, and hormonal crosstalk governed by WRKY TFs in plant disease defense response, particularly emphasizing their specific role against different biotrophic, hemibiotrophic, and necrotrophic pathogen infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baisista Saha
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Jagatjeet Nayak
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Richa Srivastava
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
| | - Swarnmala Samal
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
| | - Jeky Chanwala
- Institute of Life Sciences, NALCO Nagar Road, NALCO Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
| | - Nrisingha Dey
- Institute of Life Sciences, NALCO Nagar Road, NALCO Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
| | - Mrunmay Kumar Giri
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.
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4
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Kumar A, Sichov N, Bucki P, Miyara SB. SlWRKY16 and SlWRKY31 of tomato, negative regulators of plant defense, involved in susceptibility activation following root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica infection. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14592. [PMID: 37669955 PMCID: PMC10480479 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40557-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The involvement of WRKY transcription factors in plant-nematode interactions, and in particular, how these WRKYs participate in regulating the complex morphological and physiological changes occurring after nematode infection, are the topic of active research. We characterized the functional role of the unstudied tomato WRKY genes SlWRKY16 and SlWRKY31 in regulating tomato roots' response to infection by the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica. Using promoter-GUS reporter gene fusions and qRT-PCR, we show that both SlWRKYs are predominantly expressed during the first half of the parasitic life stages, when feeding-site induction and construction occur. Expression of SlWRKY16 increased sharply 15 days after inoculation, whereas SlWRKY31 was already induced earlier, but reached its maximum expression at this time. Both genes were downregulated at the mature female stage. To determine biological function, we produced transgenic lines overexpressing SlWRKY16 and SlWRKY31 in tomato hairy roots. Overexpression of both genes resulted in enhanced M. javanica infection, reflected by increased galling occurrence and reproduction. Expression profiling of marker genes responsive to defense-associated phytohormones indicated reductions in salicylic acid defense-related PR-1 and jasmonic acid defense-related PI in inoculated roots overexpressing SlWRK16 and SlWRKY31, respectively. Our results suggest that SlWRKY16 and SlWRKY31 function as negative regulators of plant immunity induced upon nematode infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- Department of Entomology, Nematology and Chemistry Units, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Natalia Sichov
- Department of Entomology, Nematology and Chemistry Units, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Patricia Bucki
- Department of Entomology, Nematology and Chemistry Units, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Sigal Brown Miyara
- Department of Entomology, Nematology and Chemistry Units, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel.
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Wang W, Li T, Chen Q, Yao S, Zeng K. Transcriptional regulatory mechanism of a variant transcription factor CsWRKY23 in citrus fruit resistance to Penicillium digitatum. Food Chem 2023; 413:135573. [PMID: 36758387 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
As the most productive fruit in the world, there is a lack of research on disease resistance mechanisms in citrus. WRKY transcription factors are mediators of disease resistance in plants. In this research, CsWRKY23, which could respond to exogenous salicylic acid (SA) was identified. As a variant WRKY, the transient overexpression of CsWRKY23 in citrus peel enhanced the resistance to Penicillium digitatum. The potential targets of CsWRKY23 were identified by using DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-seq). In combination with RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data, 48 direct target genes of CsWRKY23 were identified. In addition, five genes for EMSA and dual-luciferase report system analysis were selected and the results showed that CsWRKY23 activate CsAAE12, CsRbohD, CsSARD1, CsWRKY22 and CsIQM6 expressions. Further analysis revealed that CsWRKY23 contributed to SA synthesis pathway, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and cell wall strengthening. This study presented a possible regulatory network for disease resistance involving the CsWRKY23.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Ting Li
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Qi Chen
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Shixiang Yao
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Research Center of Food Storage & Logistics, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Kaifang Zeng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China; National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, PR China; Research Center of Food Storage & Logistics, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
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6
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Xi D, Yin T, Han P, Yang X, Zhang M, Du C, Zhang H, Liu X. Genome-Wide Identification of Sweet Orange WRKY Transcription Factors and Analysis of Their Expression in Response to Infection by Penicillium digitatum. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:1250-1271. [PMID: 36826027 PMCID: PMC9954951 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45020082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors (TFs) play a vital role in plant stress signal transduction and regulate the expression of various stress resistance genes. Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) accounts for a large proportion of the world's citrus industry, which has high economic value, while Penicillium digitatum is a prime pathogenic causing postharvest rot of oranges. There are few reports on how CsWRKY TFs play their regulatory roles after P. digitatum infects the fruit. In this study, we performed genome-wide identification, classification, phylogenetic and conserved domain analysis of CsWRKY TFs, visualized the structure and chromosomal localization of the encoded genes, explored the expression pattern of each CsWRKY gene under P. digitatum stress by transcriptome data, and made the functional prediction of the related genes. This study provided insight into the characteristics of 47 CsWRKY TFs, which were divided into three subfamilies and eight subgroups. TFs coding genes were unevenly distributed on nine chromosomes. The visualized results of the intron-exon structure and domain are closely related to phylogeny, and widely distributed cis-regulatory elements on each gene played a global regulatory role in gene expression. The expansion of the CSWRKY TFs family was probably facilitated by twenty-one pairs of duplicated genes, and the results of Ka/Ks calculations indicated that this gene family was primarily subjected to purifying selection during evolution. Our transcriptome data showed that 95.7% of WRKY genes were involved in the transcriptional regulation of sweet orange in response to P. digitatum infection. We obtained 15 differentially expressed genes and used the reported function of AtWRKY genes as references. They may be involved in defense against P. digitatum and other pathogens, closely related to the stress responses during plant growth and development. Two interesting genes, CsWRKY2 and CsWRKY14, were expressed more than 60 times and could be used as excellent candidate genes in sweet orange genetic improvement. This study offers a theoretical basis for the response of CSWRKY TFs to P. digitatum infection and provides a vital reference for molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengxian Xi
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Tuo Yin
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Peichen Han
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Xiuyao Yang
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, National Forest and Grassland Administration, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Chaojin Du
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, National Forest and Grassland Administration, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Hanyao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaozhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, National Forest and Grassland Administration, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (X.L.)
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Jose J, Éva C, Bozsó Z, Hamow KÁ, Fekete Z, Fábián A, Bánfalvi Z, Sági L. Global transcriptome and targeted metabolite analyses of roots reveal different defence mechanisms against Ralstonia solanacearum infection in two resistant potato cultivars. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1065419. [PMID: 36733596 PMCID: PMC9889091 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1065419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs), the causal agent of bacterial wilt disease in an unusually wide range of host plants, including potato (Solanum tuberosum), is one of the most destructive phytopathogens that seriously reduces crop yields worldwide. Identification of defence mechanisms underlying bacterial wilt resistance is a prerequisite for biotechnological approaches to resistance breeding. Resistance to Rs has been reported only in a few potato landraces and cultivars. Our in vitro inoculation bioassays confirmed that the cultivars 'Calalo Gaspar' (CG) and 'Cruza 148' (CR) are resistant to Rs infection. Comparative transcriptome analyses of CG and CR roots, as well as of the roots of an Rs-susceptible cultivar, 'Désirée' (DES), were carried out two days after Rs infection, in parallel with their respective noninfected controls. In CR and DES, the upregulation of chitin interactions and cell wall-related genes was detected. The phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and glutathione metabolism pathways were induced only in CR, as confirmed by high levels of lignification over the whole stele in CR roots six days after Rs infection. At the same time, Rs infection greatly increased the concentrations of chlorogenic acid and quercetin derivatives in CG roots as it was detected using ultra-performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry. Characteristic increases in the expression of MAP kinase signalling pathway genes and in the concentrations of jasmonic, salicylic, abscisic and indoleacetic acid were measured in DES roots. These results indicate different Rs defence mechanisms in the two resistant potato cultivars and a different response to Rs infection in the susceptible cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeny Jose
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Plant Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Csaba Éva
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Bozsó
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kamirán Áron Hamow
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Plant Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Fekete
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Attila Fábián
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Bánfalvi
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - László Sági
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
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Huang Z, Liu L, Jian L, Xu W, Wang J, Li Y, Jiang CZ. Heterologous Expression of MfWRKY7 of Resurrection Plant Myrothamnus flabellifolia Enhances Salt and Drought Tolerance in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147890. [PMID: 35887237 PMCID: PMC9324418 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought and salinity have become major environmental problems that affect the production of agriculture, forestry and horticulture. The identification of stress-tolerant genes from plants adaptive to harsh environments might be a feasible strategy for plant genetic improvement to address the challenges brought by global climate changes. In this study, a dehydration-upregulated gene MfWRKY7 of resurrection Plant Myrothamnusflabellifolia, encoding a group IId WRKY transcription factor, was cloned and characterized. The overexpression of MfWRKY7 in Arabidopsis increased root length and tolerance to drought and NaCl at both seedling and adult stages. Further investigation indicated that MfWRKY7 transgenic plants had higher contents of chlorophyll, proline, soluble protein, and soluble sugar but a lower water loss rate and malondialdehyde content compared with wild-type plants under both drought and salinity stresses. Moreover, the higher activities of antioxidant enzymes and lower accumulation of O2− and H2O2 in MfWRKY7 transgenic plants were also found, indicating enhanced antioxidation capacity by MfWRKY7. These findings showed that MfWRKY7 may function in positive regulation of responses to drought and salinity stresses, and therefore, it has potential application value in genetic improvement of plant tolerance to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Huang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.L.); (L.J.); (W.X.); (J.W.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-134-3893-4187
| | - Ling Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.L.); (L.J.); (W.X.); (J.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Linli Jian
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.L.); (L.J.); (W.X.); (J.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Wenxin Xu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.L.); (L.J.); (W.X.); (J.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jiatong Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.L.); (L.J.); (W.X.); (J.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yaxuan Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.L.); (L.J.); (W.X.); (J.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Cai-Zhong Jiang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
- Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Fu Y, Li J, Wu H, Jiang S, Zhu Y, Liu C, Xu W, Li Q, Yang L. Analyses of Botrytis cinerea-responsive LrWRKY genes from Lilium regale reveal distinct roles of two LrWRKY transcription factors in mediating responses to B. cinerea. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:995-1012. [PMID: 35195770 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02833-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea induced expression of 15 LrWRKY genes; overexpression of LrWRKY39 and LrWRKY41a increased resistance and susceptibility, respectively, to B. cinerea in a manner related to SA and JA signaling. WRKY transcription factors (TFs), a large family, play important roles in coping with biotic stresses. Lilium regale Wilson is a lily species with strong resistance to fungi and viruses; however, functional characterization of LrWRKY TFs remains very limited. Here, a total of 25 LrWRKY members were identified from the L. regale transcriptome, and 15 LrWRKY genes were significantly induced by Botrytis cinerea. Based on their structural features, B. cinerea-responsive LrWRKY genes could be classified into six subgroups (Groups I, IIa-d, and III), and sequence alignment showed that 12 LrWRKY proteins have a well-conserved WRKYGQK domain, while 3 LrWRKYs have a variant sequence (WRKYGKK or WRMYEQK). Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed tissue-specific expression of B. cinerea-responsive LrWRKY genes and their expression profiles in response to defense-related hormones salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and hydrogen peroxide. LrWRKY39 and LrWRKY41a, which encode two LrWRKY TFs with different three-dimensional (3D) models of the WRKY domain, were cloned, and both proteins were targeted to the nucleus. Overexpression of LrWRKY39 and LrWRKY41a in Arabidopsis thaliana increased the resistance and susceptibility to B. cinerea, respectively, compared to the wild type. Similar results were also observed in tobacco and lily (L. longiflorum 'Snow Queen') by transient transformation analyses. Their distinct roles may be related to changes in the transcript levels of SA-/JA-responsive genes. Our results provide new insights into B. cinerea-responsive LrWRKY members and the biological functions of two different 3D models of LrWRKY TFs in defense responses to B. cinerea infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyao Fu
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, 408100, China
| | - Juan Li
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, 408100, China
| | - Han Wu
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, 408100, China
| | - Sijia Jiang
- Heilongjiang Forest Botanical Garden, Harbin, 150046, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yiyong Zhu
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, 408100, China
| | - Chunyu Liu
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, 408100, China
| | - WenJi Xu
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, 408100, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 400712, China.
| | - Liping Yang
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, 408100, China.
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10
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Wen F, Wu X, Li T, Jia M, Liao L. Characterization of the WRKY gene family in Akebia trifoliata and their response to Colletotrichum acutatum. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:115. [PMID: 35287589 PMCID: PMC8919620 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03511-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Akebia trifoliata, belonging to the Lardizabalaceae family, is a well-known Chinese traditional medicinal plant, susceptible to many diseases, such as anthracnose and powdery mildew. WRKY is one of the largest plant-specific transcription factor families and plays important roles in plant growth, development and stress response, especially in disease resistance. However, little was known about the numbers, characters, evolutionary relationship and expression of WRKY genes in A. trifoliata in response to plant disease due to lacking of A. trifoliata genome. RESULTS A total of 42 putative AktWRKY genes were identified based on the full-length transcriptome-sequencing data of A. trifoliata. Then 42 AktWRKY genes were divided into three major groups (Group I-III) based on the WRKY domains. Motif analysis showed members within same group shared a similar motif composition, implying a functional conservation. Tissue-specific expression analysis showed that AktWRKY genes could be detected in all tissues, while few AktWRKY genes were tissue specific. We further evaluated the expression of AktWRKY genes in three varieties in response to Colletotrichum acutatum by qRT-PCR. The expression patterns of AktWRKY genes were similar between C01 and susceptible variety I02, but distinctly different in resistant variety H05. In addition, it showed that more than 64 percentages of AktWRKY genes were differentially expressed during fungal infection in I02 and H05. Furthermore, Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that AktWRKY genes were categorized into 26 functional groups under cellular components, molecular functions and biological processes, and a predicted protein interaction network was also constructed. CONCLUSIONS Results of bioinformation analysis and expression patterns implied that AktWRKYs might play multiple function in response to biotic stresses. Our study could facilitate to further investigate the function and regulatory mechanism of the WRKY in A. trifoliata during pathogen response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wen
- School of Pharmacy and Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China.
| | - Xiaozhu Wu
- School of Pharmacy and Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tongjian Li
- School of Pharmacy and Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Mingliang Jia
- School of Pharmacy and Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Liang Liao
- School of Pharmacy and Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
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11
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Wang W, Li T, Chen Q, Yao S, Deng L, Zeng K. CsWRKY25 Improves Resistance of Citrus Fruit to Penicillium digitatum via Modulating Reactive Oxygen Species Production. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:818198. [PMID: 35082819 PMCID: PMC8784754 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.818198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors (TFs) play crucial roles in the regulation of biotic stress. Citrus is the most productive fruit in the world. It is of great value to investigate the regulatory molecular mechanism of WRKYs in improving disease resistance. In this research, the transcription level of CsWRKY25 was upregulated in P. digitatum infected citrus peel, and CsWRKY25 activated the expression of three target genes (RbohB, RbohD, and PR10). Besides, the Agrobacterium-mediated transient overexpression of CsWRKY25 has also been shown to enhance resistance to P. digitatum in citrus, and caused the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and lignin. The accumulation of ROS also activated the antioxidant system, the catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) genes were significant upregulated, leading to activation of antioxidant enzymes. In addition, the up-regulated expression of MPK5 and MPK6 genes suggested that the regulatory role of CsWRKY25 might be related to the phosphorylation process. In conclusion, CsWRKY25 could enhance the resistance to P. digitatum via modulating ROS production and PR genes in citrus peel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Li
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Chen
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shixiang Yao
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center of Food Storage & Logistics, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lili Deng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center of Food Storage & Logistics, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kaifang Zeng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center of Food Storage & Logistics, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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12
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The THO/TREX Complex Active in Alternative Splicing Mediates Plant Responses to Salicylic Acid and Jasmonic Acid. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212197. [PMID: 34830079 PMCID: PMC8619553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) are essential plant immune hormones, which could induce plant resistance to multiple pathogens. However, whether common components are employed by both SA and JA to induce defense is largely unknown. In this study, we found that the enhanced disease susceptibility 8 (EDS8) mutant was compromised in plant defenses to hemibiotrophic pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326 and necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea, and was deficient in plant responses to both SA and JA. The EDS8 was identified to be THO1, which encodes a subunit of the THO/TREX complex, by using mapping-by-sequencing. To check whether the EDS8 itself or the THO/TREX complex mediates SA and JA signaling, the mutant of another subunit of the THO/TREX complex, THO3, was tested. THO3 mutation reduced both SA and JA induced defenses, indicating that the THO/TREX complex is critical for plant responses to these two hormones. We further proved that the THO/TREX interacting protein SERRATE, a factor regulating alternative splicing (AS), was involved in plant responses to SA and JA. Thus, the AS events in the eds8 mutant after SA or JA treatment were determined, and we found that the SA and JA induced different alternative splicing events were majorly modulated by EDS8. In summary, our study proves that the THO/TREX complex active in AS is involved in both SA and JA induced plant defenses.
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13
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Negi N, Khurana P. A salicylic acid inducible mulberry WRKY transcription factor, MiWRKY53 is involved in plant defence response. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:2151-2171. [PMID: 33997916 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02710-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
MiWRKY53 is expressed in response to various stresses and hormones. Although it is localized in the nucleus, it shows no transcriptional activation. Role of SA-mediated plant defence response is demonstrated. WRKY transcription factors are one the largest gene families in plants involved in almost every process in plants including development, physiological processes, and stress response. Salicylic acid (SA) is key regulator of biotic stress against various pathogens in plants acting via its multiple mechanisms to induce defence response. Herein, we have identified and functionally validated WRKY53 from mulberry (Morus indica var. K2). MiWRKY53 expressed differentially in response to different stress and hormonal treatments. MiWRKY53 belongs to group III of WKRY gene family, localized in nucleus, and lacks transcriptional activation activity in yeast. Hormone responsive behaviour of MiWRKY53 Arabidopsis overexpression (OE) transgenics preferentially was noted in root growth assay in response to Salicylic acid (SA). Arabidopsis overexpression plants also displayed alteration in leaf phenotype having wider leaves than the wild-type plants. PR-1 transcripts were higher in MiWRKY53 Arabidopsis OE plants and they displayed resistance towards biotrophic pathogen Pseudomonas syringae PstDC3000. MiWRKY53 Mulberry OE transgenics also depicted SA-responsive behaviour. Several hormones and stress-related cis-acting elements were also identified in the 1.2-Kb upstream regulatory region (URR) of MiWRKY53. Functional characterization of full-length promoter region revealed that it is induced by SA and further analysis of deletion constructs helped in the identification of minimal promoter responsible for its inducibility by SA. Altogether, the findings from this study point towards the SA preferential behaviour of MiWRKY53 and its function as regulator of plant defence response through SA-mediated mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Negi
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Paramjit Khurana
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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14
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Martin IR, Vigne E, Velt A, Hily JM, Garcia S, Baltenweck R, Komar V, Rustenholz C, Hugueney P, Lemaire O, Schmitt-Keichinger C. Severe Stunting Symptoms upon Nepovirus Infection Are Reminiscent of a Chronic Hypersensitive-like Response in a Perennial Woody Fruit Crop. Viruses 2021; 13:2138. [PMID: 34834945 PMCID: PMC8625034 DOI: 10.3390/v13112138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus infection of plants can result in various degrees of detrimental impacts and disparate symptom types and severities. Although great strides have been made in our understanding of the virus-host interactions in herbaceous model plants, the mechanisms underlying symptom development are poorly understood in perennial fruit crops. Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) causes variable symptoms in most vineyards worldwide. To better understand GFLV-grapevine interactions in relation to symptom development, field and greenhouse trials were conducted with a grapevine genotype that exhibits distinct symptoms in response to a severe and a mild strain of GFLV. After validation of the infection status of the experimental vines by high-throughput sequencing, the transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles in plants infected with the two viral strains were tested and compared by RNA-Seq and LC-MS, respectively, in the differentiating grapevine genotype. In vines infected with the severe GFLV strain, 1023 genes, among which some are implicated in the regulation of the hypersensitive-type response, were specifically deregulated, and a higher accumulation of resveratrol and phytohormones was observed. Interestingly, some experimental vines restricted the virus to the rootstock and remained symptomless. Our results suggest that GFLV induces a strain- and cultivar-specific defense reaction similar to a hypersensitive reaction. This type of defense leads to a severe stunting phenotype in some grapevines, whereas others are resistant. This work is the first evidence of a hypersensitive-like reaction in grapevine during virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Corinne Schmitt-Keichinger
- Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, 68000 Colmar, France; (E.V.); (A.V.); (J.-M.H.); (S.G.); (R.B.); (V.K.); (C.R.); (P.H.); (O.L.)
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15
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Wang K, Li C, Lei C, Zou Y, Li Y, Zheng Y, Fang Y. Dual function of VvWRKY18 transcription factor in the β-aminobutyric acid-activated priming defense in grapes. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:1477-1492. [PMID: 33483982 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Induction of phytoalexin production after invading pathogens is recognized as an essential aspect of the plant-induced resistance. The WRKY family includes plant-specific transcriptional factors associated with plant defense responses, but the comprehensive mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we attempted to elaborate the regulatory function of VvWRKY18 from the group IIa of WRKY transcription factor (TF) from Vitis vinifera, in the regulation of β-aminobutyric acid (BABA)-activated stilbene phytoalexins biosynthesis and PATHOGENESIS-RELATED (PR) genes expressions in grapes. BABA at 10 mmol L-1 triggered a priming protection in grapes and conferred a potentiation of the expression levels of VvWRKY18, VvNPR1, and several salicylic acid (SA)-responsive genes, which was accompanied by enhanced stilbene production upon Botrytis cinerea infection. In addition, a physical interaction between VvWRKY18 and the regulatory protein VvNPR1 was detected in vivo and in vitro by yeast-2-hybrid (Y2H), pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation assay (Co-IP) assays. Furthermore, yeast-1-hybrid (Y1H) and dual-luciferase reporter (DLR) assays indicated that VvWRKY18 activated the transcription of STILBENE SYNTHASE (STS) genes, including VvSTS1 and VvSTS2, by directly binding the W-box elements within the specific promoters and resultantly enhancing stilbene phytoalexins biosynthesis. Further investigation demonstrated that heterologous expression of VvWRKY18 elevated the transcriptions of STS and PR genes, thus contributing to potentiating the defense of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants and resultantly inhibiting B. cinerea invasion. Hence, VvWRKY18 serves as a singular effector involved in the synthesis of stilbene phytoalexins in grapes and its interaction with VvNPR1 provided DNA binding ability required for VvNPR1 to initiate systemic acquired resistance (SAR) defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaituo Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Three Gorges Research, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, China
| | - Chunhong Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Three Gorges Research, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, China
| | - Changyi Lei
- Institute of Three Gorges Research, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, China
| | - Yanyu Zou
- Institute of Three Gorges Research, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanjie Li
- Institute of Three Gorges Research, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, China
| | - Yonghua Zheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China
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16
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Wang W, Li T, Chen Q, Deng B, Deng L, Zeng K. Transcription Factor CsWRKY65 Participates in the Establishment of Disease Resistance of Citrus Fruits to Penicillium digitatum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:5671-5682. [PMID: 33988021 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Penicillium digitatum is the primary pathogen that causes serious yield losses worldwide. In our previous study, CsWRKY transcription factors (TFs) and some genes associated with immunity were identified in citrus fruits after P. digitatum infection, but little information is available in the literature on the mechanisms of TFs in citrus disease resistance. In this study, the possible mechanisms of CsWRKY65 participating in the establishment of disease resistance were investigated. Results show that CsWRKY65 was a transcriptional activator in the nucleus. The dual-luciferase transient assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that CsWRKY65 bound with CsRbohB, CsRbohD, CsCDPK33, and CsPR10 promoters to activate gene transcription. Besides, the transient overexpression of CsWRKY65 induced reactive oxygen species accumulation and increased PR gene expression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. The transient overexpression of CsWRKY65 in the citrus peel enhanced the disease resistance against P. digitatum. In conclusion, CsWRKY65 is likely to be involved in regulating the disease resistance to P. digitatum of citrus fruits by directly activating the expressions of CsRbohB, CsRbohD, CsCDPK33, and CsPR10. This study provides new information for the mechanism of citrus WRKY TFs participating in the establishment of disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Ting Li
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Qi Chen
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Bing Deng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Lili Deng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
- Research Center of Food Storage & Logistics, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Kaifang Zeng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
- Research Center of Food Storage & Logistics, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
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17
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Yuan H, Guo W, Zhao L, Yu Y, Chen S, Tao L, Cheng L, Kang Q, Song X, Wu J, Yao Y, Huang W, Wu Y, Liu Y, Yang X, Wu G. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the WRKY transcription factor family in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). BMC Genomics 2021; 22:375. [PMID: 34022792 PMCID: PMC8141250 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07697-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Members of the WRKY protein family, one of the largest transcription factor families in plants, are involved in plant growth and development, signal transduction, senescence, and stress resistance. However, little information is available about WRKY transcription factors in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). RESULTS In this study, comprehensive genome-wide characterization of the flax WRKY gene family was conducted that led to prediction of 102 LuWRKY genes. Based on bioinformatics-based predictions of structural and phylogenetic features of encoded LuWRKY proteins, 95 LuWRKYs were classified into three main groups (Group I, II, and III); Group II LuWRKYs were further assigned to five subgroups (IIa-e), while seven unique LuWRKYs (LuWRKYs 96-102) could not be assigned to any group. Most LuWRKY proteins within a given subgroup shared similar motif compositions, while a high degree of motif composition variability was apparent between subgroups. Using RNA-seq data, expression patterns of the 102 predicted LuWRKY genes were also investigated. Expression profiling data demonstrated that most genes associated with cellulose, hemicellulose, or lignin content were predominantly expressed in stems, roots, and less in leaves. However, most genes associated with stress responses were predominantly expressed in leaves and exhibited distinctly higher expression levels in developmental stages 1 and 8 than during other stages. CONCLUSIONS Ultimately, the present study provides a comprehensive analysis of predicted flax WRKY family genes to guide future investigations to reveal functions of LuWRKY proteins during plant growth, development, and stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Yuan
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China.
| | - Wendong Guo
- Institute of Natural Resources and Ecology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Ying Yu
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Si Chen
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Lei Tao
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Lili Cheng
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Qinghua Kang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Xixia Song
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Jianzhong Wu
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Yubo Yao
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Wengong Huang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Ying Wu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Guangwen Wu
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
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18
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Lee IH, Kim HS, Nam KJ, Lee KL, Yang JW, Kwak SS, Lee JJ, Shim D, Kim YH. The Defense Response Involved in Sweetpotato Resistance to Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita: Comparison of Root Transcriptomes of Resistant and Susceptible Sweetpotato Cultivars With Respect to Induced and Constitutive Defense Responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:671677. [PMID: 34025707 PMCID: PMC8131533 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.671677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam) is an economically important, nutrient- and pigment-rich root vegetable used as both food and feed. Root-knot nematode (RKN), Meloidogyne incognita, causes major yield losses in sweetpotato and other crops worldwide. The identification of genes and mechanisms responsible for resistance to RKN will facilitate the development of RKN resistant cultivars not only in sweetpotato but also in other crops. In this study, we performed RNA-seq analysis of RKN resistant cultivars (RCs; Danjami, Pungwonmi and Juhwangmi) and susceptible cultivars (SCs; Dahomi, Shinhwangmi and Yulmi) of sweetpotato infected with M. incognita to examine the induced and constitutive defense response-related transcriptional changes. During induced defense, genes related to defense and secondary metabolites were induced in SCs, whereas those related to receptor protein kinase signaling and protein phosphorylation were induced in RCs. In the uninfected control, genes involved in proteolysis and biotic stimuli showed differential expression levels between RCs and SCs during constitutive defense. Additionally, genes related to redox regulation, lipid and cell wall metabolism, protease inhibitor and proteases were putatively identified as RKN defense-related genes. The root transcriptome of SCs was also analyzed under uninfected conditions, and several potential candidate genes were identified. Overall, our data provide key insights into the transcriptional changes in sweetpotato genes that occur during induced and constitutive defense responses against RKN infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Hwan Lee
- Department of Forest Bio-Resources, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Ho Soo Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ki Jung Nam
- Department of Biology Education, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Kang-Lok Lee
- Department of Biology Education, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Jung-Wook Yang
- Department of Crop Cultivation & Environment, Research National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sang-Soo Kwak
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jeung Joo Lee
- Department of Plant Medicine, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Donghwan Shim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Kim
- Department of Biology Education, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
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19
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Overexpression of ZmWRKY65 transcription factor from maize confers stress resistances in transgenic Arabidopsis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4024. [PMID: 33597656 PMCID: PMC7889854 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83440-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-specific WRKY transcription factors play important roles in regulating the expression of defense-responsive genes against pathogen attack. A multiple stress-responsive WRKY gene, ZmWRKY65, was identified in maize by screening salicylic acid (SA)-induced de novo transcriptomic sequences. The ZmWRKY65 protein was localized in the nucleus of mesophyll protoplasts. The analysis of the ZmWRKY65 promoter sequence indicated that it contains several stress-related transcriptional regulatory elements. Many environmental factors affecting the transcription of ZmWRKY65 gene, such as drought, salinity, high temperature and low temperature stress. Moreover, the transcription of ZmWRKY65 gene was also affected by the induction of defense related plant hormones such as SA and exogenous ABA. The results of seed germination and stomatal aperture assays indicated that transgenic Arabidopsis plants exhibit enhanced sensitivity to ABA and high concentrations of SA. Overexpression of ZmWRKY65 improved tolerance to both pathogen attack and abiotic stress in transgenic Arabidopsis plants and activated several stress-related genes such as RD29A, ERD10, and STZ as well as pathogenesis-related (PR) genes such as PR1, PR2 and PR5; these genes are involved in resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses in Arabidopsis. Together, this evidence implies that the ZmWRKY65 gene is involved in multiple stress signal transduction pathways.
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20
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Ding L, Wu Z, Teng R, Xu S, Cao X, Yuan G, Zhang D, Teng N. LlWRKY39 is involved in thermotolerance by activating LlMBF1c and interacting with LlCaM3 in lily (Lilium longiflorum). HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:36. [PMID: 33542226 PMCID: PMC7862462 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00473-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors (TFs) are of great importance in plant responses to different abiotic stresses. However, research on their roles in the regulation of thermotolerance remains limited. Here, we investigated the function of LlWRKY39 in the thermotolerance of lily (Lilium longiflorum 'white heaven'). According to multiple alignment analyses, LlWRKY39 is in the WRKY IId subclass and contains a potential calmodulin (CaM)-binding domain. Further analysis has shown that LlCaM3 interacts with LlWRKY39 by binding to its CaM-binding domain, and this interaction depends on Ca2+. LlWRKY39 was induced by heat stress (HS), and the LlWRKY39-GFP fusion protein was detected in the nucleus. The thermotolerance of lily and Arabidopsis was increased with the ectopic overexpression of LlWRKY39. The expression of heat-related genes AtHSFA1, AtHSFA2, AtMBF1c, AtGolS1, AtDREB2A, AtWRKY39, and AtHSP101 was significantly elevated in transgenic Arabidopsis lines, which might have promoted an increase in thermotolerance. Then, the promoter of LlMBF1c was isolated from lily, and LlWRKY39 was found to bind to the conserved W-box element in its promoter to activate its activity, suggesting that LlWRKY39 is an upstream regulator of LlMBF1c. In addition, a dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that via protein interaction, LlCaM3 negatively affected LlWRKY39 in the transcriptional activation of LlMBF1c, which might be an important feedback regulation pathway to balance the LlWRKY39-mediated heat stress response (HSR). Collectively, these results imply that LlWRKY39 might participate in the HSR as an important regulator through Ca2+-CaM and multiprotein bridging factor pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Ding
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Baguazhou Science and Technology Innovation Center of Modern Horticulture Industry, Nanjing, 210043, China
| | - Ze Wu
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Baguazhou Science and Technology Innovation Center of Modern Horticulture Industry, Nanjing, 210043, China
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Renda Teng
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Baguazhou Science and Technology Innovation Center of Modern Horticulture Industry, Nanjing, 210043, China
| | - Sujuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Baguazhou Science and Technology Innovation Center of Modern Horticulture Industry, Nanjing, 210043, China
| | - Xing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- College of Life Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, 277160, China
| | - Guozhen Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Baguazhou Science and Technology Innovation Center of Modern Horticulture Industry, Nanjing, 210043, China
| | - Dehua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Baguazhou Science and Technology Innovation Center of Modern Horticulture Industry, Nanjing, 210043, China
| | - Nianjun Teng
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Baguazhou Science and Technology Innovation Center of Modern Horticulture Industry, Nanjing, 210043, China.
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21
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Williamson-Benavides BA, Sharpe RM, Nelson G, Bodah ET, Porter LD, Dhingra A. Identification of Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi ( Fsp) Responsive Genes in Pisum sativum. Front Genet 2020; 11:950. [PMID: 33014017 PMCID: PMC7461991 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pisum sativum (pea) is rapidly emerging as an inexpensive and significant contributor to the plant-derived protein market. Due to its nitrogen-fixation capability, short life cycle, and low water usage, pea is a useful cover-and-break crop that requires minimal external inputs. It is critical for sustainable agriculture and indispensable for future food security. Root rot in pea, caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi (Fsp), can result in a 15-60% reduction in yield. It is urgent to understand the molecular basis of Fsp interaction in pea to develop root rot tolerant cultivars. A complementary genetics and gene expression approach was undertaken in this study to identify Fsp-responsive genes in four tolerant and four susceptible pea genotypes. Time course RNAseq was performed on both sets of genotypes after the Fsp challenge. Analysis of the transcriptome data resulted in the identification of 42,905 differentially expressed contigs (DECs). Interestingly, the vast majority of DECs were overexpressed in the susceptible genotypes at all sampling time points, rather than in the tolerant genotypes. Gene expression and GO enrichment analyses revealed genes coding for receptor-mediated endocytosis, sugar transporters, salicylic acid synthesis, and signaling, and cell death were overexpressed in the susceptible genotypes. In the tolerant genotypes, genes involved in exocytosis, and secretion by cell, the anthocyanin synthesis pathway, as well as the DRR230 gene, a pathogenesis-related (PR) gene, were overexpressed. The complementary genetic and RNAseq approach has yielded a set of potential genes that could be targeted for improved tolerance against root rot in P. sativum. Fsp challenge produced a futile transcriptomic response in the susceptible genotypes. This type of response is hypothesized to be related to the speed at which the pathogen infestation advances in the susceptible genotypes and the preexisting level of disease-preparedness in the tolerant genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard M Sharpe
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Grant Nelson
- Molecular Plant Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Eliane T Bodah
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Lyndon D Porter
- USDA-ARS, Grain Legume Genetics and Physiology Research Unit, Prosser, WA, United States
| | - Amit Dhingra
- Molecular Plant Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
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22
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Wang Y, Cui X, Yang B, Xu S, Wei X, Zhao P, Niu F, Sun M, Wang C, Cheng H, Jiang YQ. WRKY55 transcription factor positively regulates leaf senescence and the defense response by modulating the transcription of genes implicated in the biosynthesis of reactive oxygen species and salicylic acid in Arabidopsis. Development 2020; 147:dev.189647. [PMID: 32680933 DOI: 10.1242/dev.189647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and salicylic acid (SA) are two factors regulating leaf senescence and defense against pathogens. However, how a single gene integrates both ROS and SA pathways remains poorly understood. Here, we show that Arabidopsis WRKY55 transcription factor positively regulates ROS and SA accumulation, and thus leaf senescence and resistance against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae WRKY55 is predominantly expressed in senescent leaves and encodes a transcriptional activator localized to nuclei. Both inducible and constitutive overexpression of WRKY55 accelerates leaf senescence, whereas mutants delay it. Transcriptomic sequencing identified 1448 differentially expressed genes, of which 1157 genes are upregulated by WRKY55 expression. Accordingly, the ROS and SA contents in WRKY55-overexpressing plants are higher than those in control plants, whereas the opposite occurs in mutants. Moreover, WRKY55 positively regulates defense against P. syringae Finally, we show that WRKY55 activates the expression of RbohD, ICS1, PBS3 and SAG13 by binding directly to the W-box-containing fragments. Taken together, our work has identified a new WRKY transcription factor that integrates both ROS and SA pathways to regulate leaf senescence and pathogen resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shutao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiangyan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Peiyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fangfang Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Mengting Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yuan-Qing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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23
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Maurya R, Srivastava D, Singh M, Sawant SV. Envisioning the immune interactome in Arabidopsis. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2020; 47:486-507. [PMID: 32345431 DOI: 10.1071/fp19188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
During plant-pathogen interaction, immune targets were regulated by protein-protein interaction events such as ligand-receptor/co-receptor, kinase-substrate, protein sequestration, activation or repression via post-translational modification and homo/oligo/hetro-dimerisation of proteins. A judicious use of molecular machinery requires coordinated protein interaction among defence components. Immune signalling in Arabidopsis can be broadly represented in successive or simultaneous steps; pathogen recognition at cell surface, Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species signalling, MAPK signalling, post-translational modification, transcriptional regulation and phyto-hormone signalling. Proteome wide interaction studies have shown the existence of interaction hubs associated with physiological function. So far, a number of protein interaction events regulating immune targets have been identified, but their understanding in an interactome view is lacking. We focussed specifically on the integration of protein interaction signalling in context to plant-pathogenesis and identified the key targets. The present review focuses towards a comprehensive view of the plant immune interactome including signal perception, progression, integration and physiological response during plant pathogen interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Maurya
- Plant Molecular Biology Lab, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow. 226001; and Department of Botany, Lucknow University, Lucknow. 226007
| | - Deepti Srivastava
- Integral Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology (IIAST) Integral University, Kursi Road, Dashauli, Uttar Pradesh. 226026
| | - Munna Singh
- Department of Botany, Lucknow University, Lucknow. 226007
| | - Samir V Sawant
- Plant Molecular Biology Lab, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow. 226001; and Corresponding author.
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24
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Wang X, Li J, Guo J, Qiao Q, Guo X, Ma Y. The WRKY transcription factor PlWRKY65 enhances the resistance of Paeonia lactiflora (herbaceous peony) to Alternaria tenuissima. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 7:57. [PMID: 32284869 PMCID: PMC7113260 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-0267-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the disease resistance gene PlWRKY65 was isolated from the leaves of Paeonia lactiflora and analyzed by bioinformatics methods, and the localization of the encoded protein was explored. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was also used to explore the response of this gene to Alternaria tenuissima. The results showed that the gene sequence contained multiple cis-acting elements involved in the response to hormone signaling molecules belonging to the IIe subgroup of the WRKY family, and the encoded proteins were located in the nucleus. The PlWRKY65 gene has a positive regulatory effect on A. tenuissima infection. After silencing the PlWRKY65 gene via virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), it was found that the gene-silenced plants were more sensitive to A. tenuissima infection than the wild plants, exhibiting more severe infection symptoms and different degrees of changes in the expression of the pathogenesis-related (PR) genes. In addition, we showed that the endogenous jasmonic acid (JA) content of P. lactiflora was increased in response to A. tenuissima infection, whereas the salicylic acid (SA) content decreased. After PlWRKY65 gene silencing, the levels of the two hormones changed accordingly, indicating that PlWRKY65, acting as a disease resistance-related transcriptional activator, exerts a regulatory effect on JA and SA signals. This study lays the foundation for functional research on WRKY genes in P. lactiflora and for the discovery of candidate disease resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Road, 271018 Tai’an, Shandong China
| | - Junjie Li
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Road, 271018 Tai’an, Shandong China
| | - Jing Guo
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Road, 271018 Tai’an, Shandong China
- Shandong Provincial Research Center of Demonstration Engineering Technology for Urban and Rural Landscapes, 271018 Tai’an, Shandong China
| | - Qian Qiao
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, 271000 Tai’an, Shandong China
| | - Xianfeng Guo
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Road, 271018 Tai’an, Shandong China
- Shandong Provincial Research Center of Demonstration Engineering Technology for Urban and Rural Landscapes, 271018 Tai’an, Shandong China
| | - Yan Ma
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Road, 271018 Tai’an, Shandong China
- Shandong Provincial Research Center of Demonstration Engineering Technology for Urban and Rural Landscapes, 271018 Tai’an, Shandong China
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25
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Islam MT, Sherif SM. RNAi-Based Biofungicides as a Promising Next-Generation Strategy for Controlling Devastating Gray Mold Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062072. [PMID: 32197315 PMCID: PMC7139463 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is one of the most critical agro-economic phytopathogens and has been reported to cause gray mold disease in more than 1000 plant species. Meanwhile, small interfering RNA (siRNA), which induce RNA interference (RNAi), are involved in both host immunity and pathogen virulence. B. cinerea has been reported to use both siRNA effectors and host RNAi machinery to facilitate the progression of gray mold in host species. Accordingly, RNAi-based biofungicides that use double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to target essential fungal genes are considered an emerging approach for controlling devastating gray mold diseases. Furthermore, spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS), in which the foliar application of dsRNA is used to silence the pathogen virulence genes, holds great potential as an alternative to host-induced gene silencing (HIGS). Recently, SIGS approaches have attracted research interest, owing to their ability to mitigate both pre- and post-harvest B. cinerea infections. The RNAi-mediated regulation of host immunity and susceptibility in B. cinerea–host interactions are summarized in this review, along with the limitations of the current knowledge of RNAi-based biofungicides, especially regarding SIGS approaches for controlling gray mold diseases under field conditions.
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26
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Vercruysse J, Van Bel M, Osuna‐Cruz CM, Kulkarni SR, Storme V, Nelissen H, Gonzalez N, Inzé D, Vandepoele K. Comparative transcriptomics enables the identification of functional orthologous genes involved in early leaf growth. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:553-567. [PMID: 31361386 PMCID: PMC6953196 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Leaf growth is a complex trait for which many similarities exist in different plant species, suggesting functional conservation of the underlying pathways. However, a global view of orthologous genes involved in leaf growth showing conserved expression in dicots and monocots is currently missing. Here, we present a genome-wide comparative transcriptome analysis between Arabidopsis and maize, identifying conserved biological processes and gene functions active during leaf growth. Despite the orthology complexity between these distantly related plants, 926 orthologous gene groups including 2829 Arabidopsis and 2974 maize genes with similar expression during leaf growth were found, indicating conservation of the underlying molecular networks. We found 65% of these genes to be involved in one-to-one orthology, whereas only 28.7% of the groups with divergent expression had one-to-one orthology. Within the pool of genes with conserved expression, 19 transcription factor families were identified, demonstrating expression conservation of regulators active during leaf growth. Additionally, 25 Arabidopsis and 25 maize putative targets of the TCP transcription factors with conserved expression were determined based on the presence of enriched transcription factor binding sites. Based on large-scale phenotypic data, we observed that genes with conserved expression have a higher probability to be involved in leaf growth and that leaf-related phenotypes are more frequently present for genes having orthologues between dicots and monocots than clade-specific genes. This study shows the power of integrating transcriptomic with orthology data to identify or select candidates for functional studies during leaf development in flowering plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmien Vercruysse
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Center for Plant Systems BiologyVIBGentBelgium
| | - Michiel Van Bel
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Center for Plant Systems BiologyVIBGentBelgium
| | - Cristina M. Osuna‐Cruz
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Center for Plant Systems BiologyVIBGentBelgium
| | - Shubhada R. Kulkarni
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Center for Plant Systems BiologyVIBGentBelgium
| | - Véronique Storme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Center for Plant Systems BiologyVIBGentBelgium
| | - Hilde Nelissen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Center for Plant Systems BiologyVIBGentBelgium
| | - Nathalie Gonzalez
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Center for Plant Systems BiologyVIBGentBelgium
- INRAUMR1332 Biologie du fruit et PathologieINRA Bordeaux AquitaineVillenave d'Ornon CedexFrance
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Center for Plant Systems BiologyVIBGentBelgium
| | - Klaas Vandepoele
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Center for Plant Systems BiologyVIBGentBelgium
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27
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Gao YF, Liu JK, Yang FM, Zhang GY, Wang D, Zhang L, Ou YB, Yao YA. The WRKY transcription factor WRKY8 promotes resistance to pathogen infection and mediates drought and salt stress tolerance in Solanum lycopersicum. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 168:98-117. [PMID: 31017672 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors play a key role in the tolerance of biotic and abiotic stresses across various crop species, but the function of some WRKY genes, particularly in tomato, remains unexplored. Here, we characterize the roles of a previously unstudied WRKY gene, SlWRKY8, in the resistance to pathogen infection and the tolerance to drought and salt stresses. Expression of SlWRKY8 was up-regulated upon Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst. DC3000), abiotic stresses such as drought, salt and cold, as well as ABA and SA treatments. The SlWRKY8 protein was localized to the nucleus with no transcription activation in yeast, but it could activate W-box-dependent transcription in plants. The overexpression of SlWRKY8 in tomato conferred a greater resistance to the pathogen Pst. DC3000 and resulted in the increased transcription levels of two pathogen-related genes SlPR1a1 and SlPR7. Moreover, transgenic plants displayed the alleviated wilting or chlorosis phenotype under drought and salt stresses, with higher levels of stress-induced osmotic substances like proline and higher transcript levels of the stress-responsive genes SlAREB, SlDREB2A and SlRD29. Stomatal aperature was smaller under drought stress in transgenic plants, maintaining higher water content in leaves compared with wild-type plants. The oxidative pressure, indicated by the concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) and malondialdehyde (MDA), was also reduced in transgenic plants, where we also observed higher levels of antioxidant enzyme activities under stress. Overall, our results suggest that SlWRKY8 functions as a positive regulator in plant immunity against pathogen infection as well as in plant responses to drought and salt stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Feng Gao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Kai Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Ming Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Yan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Bin Ou
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin-An Yao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
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28
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Complex relationship between DNA methylation and gene expression due to Lr28 in wheat-leaf rust pathosystem. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:1339-1360. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05236-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Liu X, Li D, Zhang S, Xu Y, Zhang Z. Genome-wide characterization of the rose (Rosa chinensis) WRKY family and role of RcWRKY41 in gray mold resistance. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:522. [PMID: 31775626 PMCID: PMC6882016 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2139-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The WRKYs are a major family of plant transcription factors that play roles in the responses to biotic and abiotic stresses; however, a comprehensive study of the WRKY family in roses (Rosa sp.) has not previously been performed. RESULTS In the present study, we performed a genome-wide analysis of the WRKY genes in the rose (Rosa chinensis), including their phylogenetic relationships, gene structure, chromosomal locations, and collinearity. Using a phylogenetic analysis, we divided the 56 RcWRKY genes into three subgroups. The RcWRKYs were unevenly distributed across all seven rose chromosomes, and a study of their collinearity suggested that genome duplication may have played a major role in RcWRKY gene duplication. A Ka/Ks analysis indicated that they mainly underwent purifying selection. Botrytis cinerea infection induced the expression of 19 RcWRKYs, most of which had undergone gene duplication during evolution. These RcWRKYs may regulate rose resistance against B. cinerea. Based on our phylogenetic and expression analyses, RcWRKY41 was identified as a candidate regulatory gene in the response to B. cinerea infection, which was confirmed using virus-induced gene silencing. CONCLUSIONS This study provides useful information to facilitate the further study of the function of the rose WRKY gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xilu 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xilu 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shiya Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xilu 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yaling Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xilu 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xilu 2, Beijing, 100193, China.
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30
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Li Y, Nan Z, Duan T. Rhizophagus intraradices promotes alfalfa (Medicago sativa) defense against pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) revealed by RNA-Seq analysis. MYCORRHIZA 2019; 29:623-635. [PMID: 31588522 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-019-00915-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) are one of the most important insect pests of alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are important microorganisms of the agroecosystem that promote plant growth and improve plant resistance to abiotic and biotic stress. Little information is available on AM fungi-regulated defense responses of alfalfa to pea aphids. To better understand how alfalfa responds and to evaluate the impact of an AM fungus on aphid infestation, transcriptome sequencing was done and physiological parameters were analyzed. Our experiments showed that Rhizophagus intraradices can regulate plant response to aphids by promoting growth and increasing plant peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities and salicylic acid (SA) concentration after aphid infestation. Transcriptome analysis showed that R. intraradices increased the expression of resistance-related genes, such as "WRKY transcription factor" and "Kunitz trypsin inhibitor." Additionally, GO terms "chitinase activity," "peroxidase activity," "defense response," and "response to biotic stimulus," and KEGG pathways "phenylpropanoid biosynthesis" and "phenylalanine metabolism" were significantly enriched in mycorrhizal fungus-inoculated plants and aphid-infested plants. These findings will improve our understanding about the impact of this AM fungus on alfalfa response to aphid feeding and will provide the basis for further research on plant defense against aphids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingde Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems Lanzhou Unviersity, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 768 Jiayuguan West Road, Lanzhou, 730020, NO, China
| | - Zhibiao Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems Lanzhou Unviersity, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 768 Jiayuguan West Road, Lanzhou, 730020, NO, China
| | - Tingyu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems Lanzhou Unviersity, Lanzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China.
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 768 Jiayuguan West Road, Lanzhou, 730020, NO, China.
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31
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Deng J, Fang L, Zhu X, Zhou B, Zhang T. A CC-NBS-LRR gene induces hybrid lethality in cotton. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:5145-5156. [PMID: 31270546 PMCID: PMC6793457 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid lethality forms a reproductive barrier that has been found in many eukaryotes. Most cases follow the Bateson-Dobzhansky-Muller genetic incompatibility model and involve two or more loci. In this study, we demonstrate that a coiled-coil nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat (CC-NBS-LRR) gene is the causal gene underlying the Le4 locus for interspecific hybrid lethality between Gossypium barbadense and G. hirsutum (cotton). Silencing this CC-NBS-LRR gene can restore F1 plants from a lethal to a normal phenotype. A total of 11 099 genes were differentially expressed between the leaves of normal and lethal F1 plants, of which genes related to autoimmune responses were highly enriched. Genes related to ATP-binding and ATPase were up-regulated before the lethal syndrome appeared; this may result in the conversion of Le4 into an active state and hence trigger immune signals in the absence of biotic/abiotic stress. We discuss our results in relation to the evolution and domestication of Sea Island cottons and the molecular mechanisms of hybrid lethality associated with autoimmune responses. Our findings provide new insights into reproductive isolation and may benefit cotton breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieqiong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiefei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baoliang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Correspondence: or
| | - Tianzhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
- Correspondence: or
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Hussain A, Noman A, Khan MI, Zaynab M, Aqeel M, Anwar M, Ashraf MF, Liu Z, Raza A, Mahpara S, Bakhsh A, He S. Molecular regulation of pepper innate immunity and stress tolerance: An overview of WRKY TFs. Microb Pathog 2019; 135:103610. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Zhao XY, Qi CH, Jiang H, Zhong MS, Zhao Q, You CX, Li YY, Hao YJ. MdWRKY46-Enhanced Apple Resistance to Botryosphaeria dothidea by Activating the Expression of MdPBS3.1 in the Salicylic Acid Signaling Pathway. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2019; 32:1391-1401. [PMID: 31408392 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-03-19-0089-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is closely related to disease resistance of plants. WRKY transcription factors have been linked to the growth and development of plants, especially under stress conditions. However, the regulatory mechanism of WRKY proteins involved in SA production and disease resistance in apple is not clear. In this study, MdPBS3.1 responded to Botryosphaeria dothidea and enhanced resistance to B. dothidea. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays, yeast one-hybrid assays, and chromatin immunoprecipitation and quantitative PCR demonstrated that MdWRKY46 can directly bind to a W-box motif in the promoter of MdPBS3.1. Glucuronidase transactivation and luciferase analysis further showed that MdWRKY46 can activate the expression of MdPBS3.1. Finally, B. dothidea inoculation in transgenic apple calli and fruits revealed that MdWRKY46 improved resistance to B. dothidea by the transcriptional activation of MdPBS3.1. Viral vector-based transformation assays indicated that MdWRKY46 elevates SA content and transcription of SA-related genes, including MdPR1, MdPR5, and MdNPR1 in an MdPBS3.1-dependent way. These findings provide new insights into how MdWRKY46 regulates plant resistance to B. dothidea through the SA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chen-Hui Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Han Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ming-Shuang Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yu-Jin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An 271018, Shandong, China
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Zou L, Yang F, Ma Y, Wu Q, Yi K, Zhang D. Transcription factor WRKY30 mediates resistance to Cucumber mosaic virus in Arabidopsis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 517:118-124. [PMID: 31311650 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors are key regulators in regulating abiotic or biotic stress response in Arabidopsis. Previous studies showed that WRKY30 expression was induced by oxidative stress treatment, fungal elicitor, SA and ABA. However, functions of WRKY30 on viral defense are not well studied. Here, we found that Arabidopsis WRKY DNA binding protein 30 (WRKY30) plays essential roles in regulating Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) resistance. The expression of WRKY30 was induced by CMV infection and wrky30 mutant displayed more susceptibility (including higher oxidative damages, induced reactive oxygen species synthesis and more PSII photochemistry compromise), while WRKY30 overexpression plants (WRKY30OX) exhibited more resistance to CMV infection. Moreover BRs-induced CMV tolerance is partly dependent on WRKY30. And WRKY30 expression increased after BL treatment. All these demonstrated that WRKY30 works as a positive regulator in plant CMV resistance process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zou
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637009, China; Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Life Science and Technology College, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621000, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China; Rice and Sorghum Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Deyang, 618000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yonghong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637009, China
| | - Qinggui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637009, China; Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Life Science and Technology College, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621000, China
| | - Kexian Yi
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637009, China; Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China.
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637009, China; Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China.
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Chen W, Hao WJ, Xu YX, Zheng C, Ni DJ, Yao MZ, Chen L. Isolation and Characterization of CsWRKY7, a Subgroup IId WRKY Transcription Factor from Camellia sinensis, Linked to Development in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112815. [PMID: 31181825 PMCID: PMC6600228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors (TFs) containing one or two WRKY domains are a class of plant TFs that respond to diverse abiotic stresses and are associated with developmental processes. However, little has been known about the function of WRKY gene in tea plant. In this study, a subgroup IId WRKY gene CsWRKY7 was isolated from Camellia sinensis, which displayed amino acid sequence homology with Arabidopsis AtWRKY7 and AtWRKY15. Subcellular localization prediction indicated that CsWRKY7 localized to nucleus. Cis-acting elements detected in the promotor region of CsWRKY7 are mainly involved in plant response to environmental stress and growth. Consistently, expression analysis showed that CsWRKY7 transcripts responded to NaCl, mannitol, PEG, and diverse hormones treatments. Additionally, CsWRKY7 exhibited a higher accumulation both in old leaves and roots compared to bud. Seed germination and root growth assay indicated that overexpressed CsWRKY7 in transgenic Arabidopsis was not sensitive to NaCl, mannitol, PEG, and low concentration of ABA treatments. CsWRKY7 overexpressing Arabidopsis showed a late-flowering phenotype under normal conditions compared to wild type. Furthermore, gene expression analysis showed that the transcription levels of the flowering time integrator gene FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and the floral meristem identity genes APETALA1 (AP1) and LEAFY (LFY) were lower in WRKY7-OE than in the WT. Taken together, these findings indicate that CsWRKY7 TF may participate in plant growth. This study provides a potential strategy to breed late-blooming tea cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, Zhejiang, China.
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Wan-Jun Hao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yan-Xia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, Zhejiang, China.
| | - De-Jiang Ni
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Ming-Zhe Yao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, Zhejiang, China.
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Jiao Z, Sun J, Wang C, Dong Y, Xiao S, Gao X, Cao Q, Li L, Li W, Gao C. Genome-wide characterization, evolutionary analysis of WRKY genes in Cucurbitaceae species and assessment of its roles in resisting to powdery mildew disease. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199851. [PMID: 30589839 PMCID: PMC6307730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The WRKY proteins constitute a large family of transcription factors that have been known to play a wide range of regulatory roles in multiple biological processes. Over the past few years, many reports have focused on analysis of evolution and biological function of WRKY genes at the whole genome level in different plant species. However, little information is known about WRKY genes in melon (Cucumis melo L.). In the present study, a total of 56 putative WRKY genes were identified in melon, which were randomly distributed on their respective chromosomes. A multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis using melon, cucumber and watermelon predicted WRKY domains indicated that melon WRKY proteins could be classified into three main groups (I-III). Our analysis indicated that no recent duplication events of WRKY genes were detected in melon, and strong purifying selection was observed among the 85 orthologous pairs of Cucurbitaceae species. Expression profiles of CmWRKY derived from RNA-seq data and quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses showed distinct expression patterns in various tissues, and the expression of 16 CmWRKY were altered following powdery mildew infection in melon. Besides, we also found that a total of 24 WRKY genes were co-expressed with 11 VQ family genes in melon. Our comparative genomic analysis provides a foundation for future functional dissection and understanding the evolution of WRKY genes in cucurbitaceae species, and will promote powdery mildew resistance study in melon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zigao Jiao
- Experimental Station of Vegetable Scientific Observation in Huang-Huai Area of Ministry of Agriculture, Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jianlei Sun
- Experimental Station of Vegetable Scientific Observation in Huang-Huai Area of Ministry of Agriculture, Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Chongqi Wang
- Experimental Station of Vegetable Scientific Observation in Huang-Huai Area of Ministry of Agriculture, Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yumei Dong
- Experimental Station of Vegetable Scientific Observation in Huang-Huai Area of Ministry of Agriculture, Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shouhua Xiao
- Experimental Station of Vegetable Scientific Observation in Huang-Huai Area of Ministry of Agriculture, Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xuli Gao
- Experimental Station of Vegetable Scientific Observation in Huang-Huai Area of Ministry of Agriculture, Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Qiwei Cao
- Experimental Station of Vegetable Scientific Observation in Huang-Huai Area of Ministry of Agriculture, Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Libin Li
- Experimental Station of Vegetable Scientific Observation in Huang-Huai Area of Ministry of Agriculture, Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wendong Li
- Experimental Station of Vegetable Scientific Observation in Huang-Huai Area of Ministry of Agriculture, Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Experimental Station of Vegetable Scientific Observation in Huang-Huai Area of Ministry of Agriculture, Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- * E-mail:
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Arraño-Salinas P, Domínguez-Figueroa J, Herrera-Vásquez A, Zavala D, Medina J, Vicente-Carbajosa J, Meneses C, Canessa P, Moreno AA, Blanco-Herrera F. WRKY7, -11 and -17 transcription factors are modulators of the bZIP28 branch of the unfolded protein response during PAMP-triggered immunity in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 277:242-250. [PMID: 30466590 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plants must defend themselves against pathogens. The defense response requires greater protein synthesis, which generates endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, yet failure to attenuate this stress has detrimental effects. WRKY7/11/17 transcription factors (TFs) are negative regulators of immunity since mutants are more resistant to Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (Pst) infection. Here, we reveal a connection between ER-stress and the molecular mechanisms underlying the wrky mutant phenotype. The bZIP28 TF upregulates ER-chaperone expression (BiP1/2, ERdj3B, and SDF2) upon exposure of Arabidopsis to a bacterial defense elicitor, flagellin 22 (Flg22). Also, the activation of ER-chaperones is more sustained in double and triple wrky mutants treated with Flg22, suggesting that WRKY7/11/17 TFs downregulate these genes. Moreover, wrky mutants accumulate more bZIP28 transcripts in response to Flg22, indicating that WRKY7/11/17 transcriptionally repress this TF. Using Arabidopsis protoplasts, we also demonstrate that WRKYs bind to the bZIP28 promoter via W-box elements. Additionally, triple wrky mutants are more resistant, whilst bzip28 mutants are more susceptible, to Pst infection. Finally, we postulate a model of PAMP-Triggered Immunity regulation, where Flg22 activates bZIP28-signaling inducing the expression of ER-stress genes, as well as WRKY7/11/17 expression, which in turn inhibits PTI by downregulating bZIP28, controlling physiological responses in the Arabidopsis-Pst interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Arraño-Salinas
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, RM 837-0146, Chile
| | - José Domínguez-Figueroa
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Autopista M40 (km 38), 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ariel Herrera-Vásquez
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, RM 837-0146, Chile; Millennium Institute for Integrative Systems and Synthetic Biology (MIISSB), Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Zavala
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, RM 837-0146, Chile
| | - Joaquin Medina
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Autopista M40 (km 38), 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Vicente-Carbajosa
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Autopista M40 (km 38), 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudio Meneses
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, RM 837-0146, Chile; FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Avenida República 217, Santiago, RM 837-0146, Chile
| | - Paulo Canessa
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, RM 837-0146, Chile; Millennium Institute for Integrative Systems and Synthetic Biology (MIISSB), Santiago, Chile
| | - Adrián A Moreno
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, RM 837-0146, Chile.
| | - Francisca Blanco-Herrera
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, RM 837-0146, Chile; Millennium Institute for Integrative Systems and Synthetic Biology (MIISSB), Santiago, Chile.
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Chakraborty J, Ghosh P, Sen S, Das S. Epigenetic and transcriptional control of chickpea WRKY40 promoter activity under Fusarium stress and its heterologous expression in Arabidopsis leads to enhanced resistance against bacterial pathogen. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 276:250-267. [PMID: 30348325 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Promoters of many defense related genes are enriched with W-box elements serving as binding sites for plant specific WRKY transcription factors. In this study, expression of WRKY40 transcription factor was analyzed in two contrasting susceptible (JG62) and resistant (WR315) genotypes of chickpea infected with Foc1. The resistant plants showed up-regulation of WRKY40 under Fusarium stress, whereas in susceptible plants WRKY40 expression was absent. Additionally, global changes in the histone modification patterns were studied in above two chickpea genotypes by immunoblotting and real-time PCR analyses under control and Fusarium infected conditions. Notably, region specific Histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation, a positive marker of transcription gets enriched at WRKY40 promoter during resistant interaction with Foc1. H3K9 Ac is less enriched at WRKY40 promoter in Foc1 infected susceptible plants. WRKY40 promoter activity was induced by jasmonic acid and pathogen treatment, while salicylic acid failed to stimulate such activity. Moreover, WRKY40 was found to bind to its own promoter and auto-regulates its activity. The present study also showed that heterologous over-expression of chickpea WRKY40 triggers defense response in Arabidopsis against Pseudomonas syringae. Overall, we present epigenetic and transcriptional control of WRKY40 in chickpea under Fusarium stress and its immunomodulatory role is tested in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydeep Chakraborty
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Centenary Campus, P-1/12, CIT Scheme-VIIM, Kankurgachi, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India.
| | - Prithwi Ghosh
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Centenary Campus, P-1/12, CIT Scheme-VIIM, Kankurgachi, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India.
| | - Senjuti Sen
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Centenary Campus, P-1/12, CIT Scheme-VIIM, Kankurgachi, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India.
| | - Sampa Das
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Centenary Campus, P-1/12, CIT Scheme-VIIM, Kankurgachi, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India.
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Liu Q, Li X, Yan S, Yu T, Yang J, Dong J, Zhang S, Zhao J, Yang T, Mao X, Zhu X, Liu B. OsWRKY67 positively regulates blast and bacteria blight resistance by direct activation of PR genes in rice. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:257. [PMID: 30367631 PMCID: PMC6204034 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1479-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND WRKY proteins are one of the largest gene families and are well-known for their regulatory roles in many aspects of plant development, including plant response to both biotic and abiotic stresses. Although the roles of WRKY proteins in leaf blast resistance have been well-documented in rice, their functions in panicle blast, the most destructive type of blast disease, are still largely unknown. RESULTS Here, we identified that the transcription of OsWRKY67 was strongly activated by leaf and panicle blast infection. OsWRKY67 is ubiquitously expressed and sub-localized in the nucleus. Rice plants overexpressing OsWRKY67 showed quantitatively enhanced resistance to leaf blast, panicle blast and bacterial blight. In contrast, silencing of OsWRKY67 increased the susceptibility to blast and bacterial blight diseases. RNA-seq analysis indicated that OsWRKY67 induces the transcription of a set of defense-related genes including the ones involved in the salicylic acid (SA)-dependent pathway. Consistent with this, the OsWRKY67-overexpressing plants accumulated higher amounts of endogenous SA, whereas lower endogenous SA levels were observed in OsWRKY67-silenced plants relative to wild-type Nipponbare plants before and after pathogen attack. Moreover, we also observed that OsWRKY67 directly binds to the promoters of PR1a and PR10 to activate their expression. CONCLUSIONS These results together suggest the positive role of OsWRKY67 in regulating rice responses to leaf blast, panicle blast and bacterial blight disease. Furthermore, conferring resistance to two major diseases makes it a good target of molecular breeding for crop improvement in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Xia Li
- School of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Shijuan Yan
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Ting Yu
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Jianyuan Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Jingfang Dong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Shaohong Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Junliang Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Tifeng Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Xingxue Mao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Bin Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China
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Sharma C, Saripalli G, Kumar S, Gautam T, Kumar A, Rani S, Jain N, Prasad P, Raghuvanshi S, Jain M, Sharma JB, Prabhu KV, Sharma PK, Balyan HS, Gupta PK. A study of transcriptome in leaf rust infected bread wheat involving seedling resistance gene Lr28. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2018; 45:1046-1064. [PMID: 32291004 DOI: 10.1071/fp17326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Leaf rust disease causes severe yield losses in wheat throughout the world. During the present study, high-throughput RNA-Seq analysis was used to gain insights into the role of Lr28 gene in imparting seedling leaf rust resistance in wheat. Differential expression analysis was conducted using a pair of near-isogenic lines (NILs) (HD 2329 and HD 2329+Lr28) at early (0h before inoculation (hbi), 24 and 48h after inoculation (hai)) and late stages (72, 96 and 168 hai) after inoculation with a virulent pathotype of pathogen Puccinia triticina. Expression of a large number of genes was found to be affected due to the presence/absence of Lr28. Gene ontology analysis of the differentially expressed transcripts suggested enrichment of transcripts involved in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, oxidative stress and hormone metabolism, in resistant and/or susceptible NILs. Genes encoding receptor like kinases (RLKs) (including ATP binding; serine threonine kinases) and other kinases were the most abundant class of genes, whose expression was affected. Genes involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis and several genes encoding transcription factors (TFs) (most abundant being WRKY TFs) were also identified along with some ncRNAs and histone variants. Quantitative real-time PCR was also used for validation of 39 representative selected genes. In the long term, the present study should prove useful in developing leaf rust resistant wheat cultivars through molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanchal Sharma
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch.Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India
| | - Gautam Saripalli
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch.Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Tinku Gautam
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch.Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India
| | - Avneesh Kumar
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch.Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India
| | - Sushma Rani
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), Pusa, New Delhi, 110022, India
| | - Neelu Jain
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), Pusa, New Delhi, 110022, India
| | - Pramod Prasad
- Regional Station, Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Flowerdale, Shimla, 171002, India
| | - Saurabh Raghuvanshi
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Mukesh Jain
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - J B Sharma
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), Pusa, New Delhi, 110022, India
| | - K V Prabhu
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), Pusa, New Delhi, 110022, India
| | - P K Sharma
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch.Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India
| | - H S Balyan
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch.Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India
| | - P K Gupta
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch.Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India
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Shinde BA, Dholakia BB, Hussain K, Aharoni A, Giri AP, Kamble AC. WRKY1 acts as a key component improving resistance against Alternaria solani in wild tomato, Solanum arcanum Peralta. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:1502-1513. [PMID: 29377467 PMCID: PMC6041441 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Early blight (EB), caused by Alternaria solani, is a major threat to global tomato production. In comparison with cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), a wild relative, S. arcanum exhibits strong resistance against EB. However, molecular cascades operating during EB resistance in wild or cultivated tomato plants are largely obscure. Here, we provide novel insight into spatio-temporal molecular events in S. arcanum against A. solani. Transcriptome and co-expression analysis presented 33-WRKYs as promising candidates of which 12 SaWRKYs displayed differential expression patterns in resistant and susceptible accessions during EB disease progression. Among these, SaWRKY1 exhibited induced expression with significant modulation in xyloglucan endotrans hydrolase 5 (XTH5) and MYB2 expressions that correlated with the disease phenotypes. Electro-mobility shift assay confirmed physical interaction of recombinant SaWRKY1 to SaXTH5 and SaMYB2 promoters. Comparative WRKY1 promoter analysis between resistant and susceptible plants revealed the presence of crucial motifs for defence mechanism exclusively in resistant accession. Additionally, many defence-related genes displayed significant expression variations in both the accessions. Further, WRKY1 overexpressing transgenic plants exhibited higher levels of EB resistance while RNAi silencing lines had increased susceptibility to A. solani with altered expression of XTH5 and MYB2. Overall, these findings demonstrate the positive influence of WRKY1 in improving EB resistance in wild tomato and this could be further utilized as a potential target through genetic engineering to augment protection against A. solani in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balkrishna A. Shinde
- Department of BotanySavitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune)PuneIndia
- Division of Biochemical SciencesPlant Molecular Biology UnitCSIR‐National Chemical LaboratoryPuneIndia
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Bhushan B. Dholakia
- Division of Biochemical SciencesPlant Molecular Biology UnitCSIR‐National Chemical LaboratoryPuneIndia
| | - Khalid Hussain
- Department of BotanySavitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune)PuneIndia
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Ashok P. Giri
- Division of Biochemical SciencesPlant Molecular Biology UnitCSIR‐National Chemical LaboratoryPuneIndia
| | - Avinash C. Kamble
- Department of BotanySavitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune)PuneIndia
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Liu F, Li X, Wang M, Wen J, Yi B, Shen J, Ma C, Fu T, Tu J. Interactions of WRKY15 and WRKY33 transcription factors and their roles in the resistance of oilseed rape to Sclerotinia infection. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:911-925. [PMID: 28929638 PMCID: PMC5867032 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors are known to participate in the defence responses of higher plants. However, little is known about the roles of such proteins, especially regarding their functions in the resistance of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, a necrotrophic fungal pathogen that causes stem rot. In this study, we identified BnWRKY33 as a S. sclerotiorum-responsive gene that positively regulates resistance to this pathogen by enhancing the expression of genes involved in camalexin synthesis and genes regulated by salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA). We also identified a S. sclerotiorum-responsive region in the promoter of BnWRKY33, which we revealed to be a relatively conserved W-box region in the promoters of homologous genes in different species. Using this S. sclerotiorum-responsive region as bait in a yeast one-hybrid assay, we identified another WRKY transcription factor, BnWRKY15, and observed that both BnWRKY15 and BnWRKY33 could bind to this region. In addition, BnWRKY15 overexpression simultaneously increased the susceptibility of B. napus to S. sclerotiorum and down-regulated BnWRKY33 after different durations of infection. Furthermore, BnWRKY15, which contains a transcriptional repression domain, exhibited reduced transactivation ability and could reduce the transactivation ability of BnWRKY33 in Arabidopsis protoplast assays. Therefore, we suggest that the increased susceptibility of BnWRKY15-overexpressing plants results from reduced BnWRKY33 expression, which is due to the inhibition of BnWRKY33 transcriptional activation by BnWRKY15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in WuhanCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
- Present address:
Department of Plant ScienceUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in WuhanCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Meirong Wang
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in WuhanCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Jing Wen
- National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in WuhanCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Bin Yi
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in WuhanCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Jinxiong Shen
- National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in WuhanCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Chaozhi Ma
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in WuhanCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Tingdong Fu
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in WuhanCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Jinxing Tu
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in WuhanCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
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Hussain RMF, Kim HK, Khurshid M, Akhtar MT, Linthorst HJM. Overexpression of AtWRKY50 is correlated with enhanced production of sinapic derivatives in Arabidopsis. Metabolomics 2018; 14:25. [PMID: 30830336 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1317-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION WRKY proteins belong to a plant-specific class of transcription factors. Seventy-four WKRY genes have been identified in Arabidopsis and many WRKY proteins are known to be involved in responses to stress, especially to biotic stress. They may act either as transcriptional activators or as repressors of genes that play roles in the stress response. A number of studies have proposed the connection of Arabidopsis WRKY transcription factors in induced pathogenesis-related (PR) gene expression, although no direct evidence has been presented for specific WRKY-PR promoter interactions. OBJECTIVE We previously identified AtWRKY50 as a transcriptional activator of SAR gene PR1. Although PR1 accumulates to high levels in plants after attack by pathogens, its function is still elusive. Here we investigated the effects of overexpression of several WRKY proteins, including AtWRKY50, on the metabolome of Arabidopsis thaliana. METHODS The influence of overexpression of WRKY proteins on the metabolites of Arabidopsis was investigated by using an NMR spectroscopy-based metabolomic approach. The 1H NMR data was analysed using the multivariate data analysis methods, such as principal component analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis and partial least square-discriminant analysis. RESULTS The results showed that the metabolome of transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings overexpressing AtWRKY50 was different from wild type Arabidopsis and transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing other WRKY genes. Amongst other metabolites, sinapic acid and 1-O-sinapoyl-β-D-glucose especially appeared to be the most prominent discriminating metabolites, accumulating to levels 2 to 3 times higher in the AtWRKY50 overexpressor lines. CONCLUSION Our results indicate a possible involvement of AtWRKY50 in secondary metabolite production in Arabidopsis, in particular of hydroxycinnamates such as sinapic acid and 1-O-sinapoyl-β-D-glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana M F Hussain
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9505, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hye K Kim
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9505, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Muhammad Khurshid
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9505, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam campus, P.O Box 54590, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad T Akhtar
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9505, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Huub J M Linthorst
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9505, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Yin X, Huang L, Zhang X, Guo C, Wang H, Li Z, Wang X. Expression patterns and promoter characteristics of the Vitis quinquangularis VqSTS36 gene involved in abiotic and biotic stress response. PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:2247-2261. [PMID: 28470373 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-017-1116-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol is a stilbene compound that is synthesized by plants in response to biotic stress and has been linked to health benefits associated with the consumption of certain foods and food products, such as grapes and wine. The final step in the biosynthesis of resveratrol is catalyzed by the enzyme stilbene synthase (STS). Here, we assessed the expression of two STS genes (VqSTS36 and VpSTS36) from the wild grape species Vitis quinquangularis (accession 'Shang-24'; powdery mildew (PM) resistant) and Vitis pseudoreticulata (accession 'Hunan-1'; PM susceptible) following infection by Uncinula necator (Schw.) Burr, the causal agent of PM disease. Some correlation was observed between the relative levels of STS36 transcript and disease resistance. We also cloned the 5' upstream sequence of both VpSTS36 and VqSTS36 and generated a series of 5' VqSTS36 promoter deletions fused to the GUS reporter gene in order to analyze expression in response to wounding, the application of exogenous stress-associated hormones, and biotic stress in tobacco leaves. The promoter was shown to be induced by the hormone salicylic acid (SA), inoculation with the fungal pathogen Erysiphe cichoracearum, and by wounding. These results suggest that VqSTS36 is regulated by biotic stresses and that it plays an important role in mediating disease resistance in grape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjing Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Li Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiuming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chunlei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Shinde BA, Dholakia BB, Hussain K, Panda S, Meir S, Rogachev I, Aharoni A, Giri AP, Kamble AC. Dynamic metabolic reprogramming of steroidal glycol-alkaloid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis may impart early blight resistance in wild tomato (Solanum arcanum Peralta). PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 95:411-423. [PMID: 28980117 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-017-0660-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Exploration with high throughput leaf metabolomics along with functional genomics in wild tomato unreveal potential role of steroidal glyco-alkaloids and phenylpropanoids during early blight resistance. Alternaria solani severely affects tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) yield causing early blight (EB) disease in tropical environment. Wild relative, Solanum arcanum Peralta could be a potential source of EB resistance; however, its underlying molecular mechanism largely remains unexplored. Hence, non-targeted metabolomics was applied on resistant and susceptible S. arcanum accessions upon A. solani inoculation to unravel metabolic dynamics during different stages of disease progression. Total 2047 potential metabolite peaks (mass signals) were detected of which 681 and 684 metabolites revealed significant modulation and clear differentiation in resistant and susceptible accessions, respectively. Majority of the EB-triggered metabolic changes were active from steroidal glycol-alkaloid (SGA), lignin and flavonoid biosynthetic pathways. Further, biochemical and gene expression analyses of key enzymes from these pathways positively correlated with phenotypic variation in the S. arcanum accessions indicating their potential role in EB. Additionally, transcription factors regulating lignin biosynthesis were also up-regulated in resistant plants and electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed sequence-specific binding of rSaWRKY1 with MYB20 promoter. Moreover, transcript accumulation of key genes from phenylpropanoid and SGA pathways along with WRKY and MYB in WRKY1 transgenic tomato lines supported above findings. Overall, this study highlights vital roles of SGAs as phytoalexins and phenylpropanoids along with lignin accumulation unrevealing possible mechanistic basis of EB resistance in wild tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balkrishna A Shinde
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, Plant Molecular Biology Unit, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Bhushan B Dholakia
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, Plant Molecular Biology Unit, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
| | - Khalid Hussain
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Sayantan Panda
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sagit Meir
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ilana Rogachev
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ashok P Giri
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, Plant Molecular Biology Unit, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India.
| | - Avinash C Kamble
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India.
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Guo T, Mao X, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Fu M, Sun Z, Kuai P, Lou Y, Fang Y. Lamin-like Proteins Negatively Regulate Plant Immunity through NAC WITH TRANSMEMBRANE MOTIF1-LIKE9 and NONEXPRESSOR OF PR GENES1 in Arabidopsis thaliana. MOLECULAR PLANT 2017; 10:1334-1348. [PMID: 28943325 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear lamins are involved in multiple biological processes in metazoan cells. The proteins of the CROWDED NUCLEI (CRWN) family are considered lamin-like candidates in Arabidopsis, although the functions of these proteins are largely unknown. In this article we show that crwn1 crwn2 double mutant displays an enhanced resistance against virulent bacterial pathogens, and both virulent bacteria and salicylic acid (SA) induce transcription of CRWN1 gene as well as proteasome-mediated degradation of CRWN1 protein. We also show that CRWN1 interacts with NAC WITH TRANSMEMBRANE MOTIF1-LIKE9 (NTL9), a NAC transcription factor involved in plant immunity. The interaction between CRWN1 and NTL9 enhances the binding of NTL9 to the promoter of the PATHOGENESIS-RELATED1 (PR1) gene, and inhibits PR1 expression. Further genetic experiments indicated that the defense-related phenotypes of crwn1 crwn2 double mutant are dependent on NONEXPRESSOR OF PR GENES1 (NPR1), a transcriptional cofactor of PR1. These findings revealed a regulatory network composed of lamin-like protein CRWN1, NTL9, and NPR1 for the regulation of PR1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuegao Mao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mengdi Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhenfei Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng Kuai
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yonggen Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuda Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Fan S, Dong L, Han D, Zhang F, Wu J, Jiang L, Cheng Q, Li R, Lu W, Meng F, Zhang S, Xu P. GmWRKY31 and GmHDL56 Enhances Resistance to Phytophthora sojae by Regulating Defense-Related Gene Expression in Soybean. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:781. [PMID: 28553307 PMCID: PMC5427154 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Phytophthora root and stem rot of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] caused by the oomycete Phytophthora sojae, is a destructive disease worldwide. The molecular mechanism of the soybean response to P. sojae is largely unclear. We report a novel WRKY transcription factor (TF) in soybean, GmWRKY31, in the host response to P. sojae. Overexpression and RNA interference analysis demonstrated that GmWRKY31 enhanced resistance to P. sojae in transgenic soybean plants. GmWRKY31 was targeted to the nucleus, where it bound to the W-box and acted as an activator of gene transcription. Moreover, we determined that GmWRKY31 physically interacted with GmHDL56, which improved resistance to P. sojae in transgenic soybean roots. GmWRKY31 and GmHDL56 shared a common target GmNPR1 which was induced by P. sojae. Overexpression and RNA interference analysis demonstrated that GmNPR1 enhanced resistance to P. sojae in transgenic soybean plants. Several pathogenesis-related (PR) genes were constitutively activated, including GmPR1a, GmPR2, GmPR3, GmPR4, GmPR5a, and GmPR10, in soybean plants overexpressing GmNPR1 transcripts. By contrast, the induction of PR genes was compromised in transgenic GmNPR1-RNAi lines. Taken together, these findings suggested that the interaction between GmWRKY31 and GmHDL56 enhances resistance to P. sojae by regulating defense-related gene expression in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujie Fan
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
- Center for Plant Biotechnology, College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Lidong Dong
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Dan Han
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Junjiang Wu
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHarbin, China
| | - Liangyu Jiang
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
- Center for Plant Biotechnology, College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Qun Cheng
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Rongpeng Li
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Wencheng Lu
- Heihe Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHeihe, China
| | - Fanshan Meng
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Shuzhen Zhang
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
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Wang M, Weiberg A, Dellota E, Yamane D, Jin H. Botrytis small RNA Bc-siR37 suppresses plant defense genes by cross-kingdom RNAi. RNA Biol 2017. [PMID: 28267415 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogens secrete effector proteins to suppress host immune responses. Recently, we showed that an aggressive plant fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea can also deliver small RNA effectors into host cells to suppress host immunity. B. cinerea sRNAs (Bc-sRNAs) translocate into host plants and hijack the plant RNAi machinery to induce cross-kingdom RNAi of host immune responsive genes. Here, we functionally characterized another Bc-sRNA effector Bc-siR37 that is predicted to target at least 15 Arabidopsis genes, including WRKY transcription factors, receptor-like kinases, and cell wall-modifying enzymes. Upon B. cinerea infection, the expression level of Bc-siR37 was induced, and at least eight predicted Arabidopsis target genes were downregulated. These target genes were also suppressed in the transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing Bc-siR37, which exhibited enhanced disease susceptibility to B. cinerea. Furthermore, the knockout mutants of the Bc-siR37 targets, At-WRKY7, At-PMR6, and At-FEI2, also exhibited enhanced disease susceptibility to B. cinerea, giving further support that these genes indeed play a positive role in plant defense against B. cinerea. Our study demonstrates that analysis of pathogen sRNA effectors can be a useful tool to help identify host immunity genes against the corresponding pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- a Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology , University of California , Riverside , CA , USA
| | - Arne Weiberg
- a Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology , University of California , Riverside , CA , USA
| | - Exequiel Dellota
- a Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology , University of California , Riverside , CA , USA
| | - Daniel Yamane
- a Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology , University of California , Riverside , CA , USA
| | - Hailing Jin
- a Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology , University of California , Riverside , CA , USA
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Wang M, Weiberg A, Dellota E, Yamane D, Jin H. Botrytis small RNA Bc-siR37 suppresses plant defense genes by cross-kingdom RNAi. RNA Biol 2017; 14:421-428. [PMID: 28267415 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2017.1291112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogens secrete effector proteins to suppress host immune responses. Recently, we showed that an aggressive plant fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea can also deliver small RNA effectors into host cells to suppress host immunity. B. cinerea sRNAs (Bc-sRNAs) translocate into host plants and hijack the plant RNAi machinery to induce cross-kingdom RNAi of host immune responsive genes. Here, we functionally characterized another Bc-sRNA effector Bc-siR37 that is predicted to target at least 15 Arabidopsis genes, including WRKY transcription factors, receptor-like kinases, and cell wall-modifying enzymes. Upon B. cinerea infection, the expression level of Bc-siR37 was induced, and at least eight predicted Arabidopsis target genes were downregulated. These target genes were also suppressed in the transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing Bc-siR37, which exhibited enhanced disease susceptibility to B. cinerea. Furthermore, the knockout mutants of the Bc-siR37 targets, At-WRKY7, At-PMR6, and At-FEI2, also exhibited enhanced disease susceptibility to B. cinerea, giving further support that these genes indeed play a positive role in plant defense against B. cinerea. Our study demonstrates that analysis of pathogen sRNA effectors can be a useful tool to help identify host immunity genes against the corresponding pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- a Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology , University of California , Riverside , CA , USA
| | - Arne Weiberg
- a Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology , University of California , Riverside , CA , USA
| | - Exequiel Dellota
- a Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology , University of California , Riverside , CA , USA
| | - Daniel Yamane
- a Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology , University of California , Riverside , CA , USA
| | - Hailing Jin
- a Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology , University of California , Riverside , CA , USA
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Peng X, Wang H, Jang JC, Xiao T, He H, Jiang D, Tang X. OsWRKY80-OsWRKY4 Module as a Positive Regulatory Circuit in Rice Resistance Against Rhizoctonia solani. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 9:63. [PMID: 27888467 PMCID: PMC5124021 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-016-0137-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant WRKY transcription factors play pivotal roles in diverse biological processes but most notably in plant defense response to pathogens. Sheath blight represents one of the predominant diseases in rice. However, our knowledge about the functions of WRKY proteins in rice defense against sheath blight is rather limited. RESULTS Here we demonstrate that the expression of Oryza sativa WRKY80 gene (OsWRKY80) is rapidly and strongly induced upon infection of Rhizoctonia solani, the causal agent of rice sheath blight disease. OsWRKY80 expression is also induced by exogenous jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET), but not by salicylic acid (SA). OsWRKY80-GFP is localized in the nuclei of onion epidermal cells in a transient expression assay. Consistently, OsWRKY80 exhibits transcriptional activation activity in a GAL4 assay in yeast cells. Overexpression of OsWRKY80 in rice plants significantly enhanced disease resistance to R. solani, concomitant with elevated expression of OsWRKY4, another positive regulator in rice defense against R. solani. Suppression of OsWRKY80 by RNA interference (RNAi), on the other hand, compromised disease resistance to R. solani. Results of yeast one-hybrid assay and transient expression assay in tobacco cells have revealed that OsWRKY80 specifically binds to the promoter regions of OsWRKY4, which contain W-box (TTGAC[C/T]) or W-box like (TGAC[C/T]) cis-elements. CONCLUSIONS We propose that OsWRKY80 functions upstream of OsWRKY4 as an important positive regulatory circuit that is implicated in rice defense response to sheath blight pathogen R. solani.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixu Peng
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan Rd., Xiangtan, Hunan, 411201, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Safe Utilization of Heavy Metal-polluted Soils, College of Hunan Province, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411201, China
| | - Haihua Wang
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan Rd., Xiangtan, Hunan, 411201, China.
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of the Pests and Diseases on Horticultural Crops in Hunan Province, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411201, China.
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Safe Utilization of Heavy Metal-polluted Soils, College of Hunan Province, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411201, China.
| | - Jyan-Chyun Jang
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Center for Applied Plant Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Ting Xiao
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan Rd., Xiangtan, Hunan, 411201, China
| | - Huanhuan He
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan Rd., Xiangtan, Hunan, 411201, China
| | - Dan Jiang
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan Rd., Xiangtan, Hunan, 411201, China
| | - Xinke Tang
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan Rd., Xiangtan, Hunan, 411201, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of the Pests and Diseases on Horticultural Crops in Hunan Province, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411201, China
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