1
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Gao L, Pei Y, Wang P, Cen Y, Yan X, Hou Y. Cotton SNARE complex component GhSYP121 regulates salicylic acid signaling during defense against Verticillium dahliae. J Cell Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38801215 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Syntaxin of plant (SYP) plays a crucial role in SNARE-mediated membrane trafficking during endocytic and secretory pathways, contributing to the regulation and execution of plant immunity against pathogens. Verticillium wilt is among the most destructive fungal diseases affecting cotton worldwide. However, information regarding SYP family genes in cotton is scarce. Through genome-wide identification and transcriptome profiling, we identified GhSYP121, a Qa SNARE gene in Gossypium hirsutum. GhSYP121 is notably induced by Verticillium dahliae, the causal agent of Verticillium wilt in cotton, and acts as a negative regulator of defense against V. dahliae. This is evidenced by the reduced resistance of GhSYP121-deficient cotton and the increased susceptibility of GhSYP121-overexpressing lines. Furthermore, the activation of the salicylic acid (SA) pathway by V. dahliae is inversely correlated with the expression level of GhSYP121. GhSYP121 interacts with its cognate SNARE component, GhSNAP33, which is required for the penetration resistance against V. dahliae in cotton. Collectively, GhSYP121, as a member of the cotton SNARE complex, is involved in regulating the SA pathway during plant defense against V. dahliae. This finding enhances our understanding of the potential role of GhSYP121 in these distinct pathways that contribute to plant defense against V. dahliae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linying Gao
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yakun Pei
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhan Cen
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yan
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxia Hou
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Zhang X, Wu C, Guo Y, Ren X, Meng Y, Gao Q, Zhang F, Wang Y, Guo J. Genome-Wide Analysis Elucidates the Roles of GhTIR1/ AFB Genes Reveals the Function of Gh_D08G0763 ( GhTIR1) in Cold Stress in G. hirsutum. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1152. [PMID: 38674561 PMCID: PMC11055017 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
This study identified 13 GhTIR1/AFB members in G. hirsutum through bioinformatics methods and divided them into three subgroups by phylogenetic tree analysis. Motif and gene structure analysis showed that the genes in this family were highly conserved. Promoter cis-acting element analysis found that the promoters of GhTIR1/AFBs contained a large number of cis-acting elements in response to growth and development and abiotic stress. Further RT-qPCR results showed that GhTIR1/AFB genes responded to various abiotic stresses such as IAA, ABA, cold, and heat, and the expression levels of each gene changed obviously, especially Gh_D08G0763 (GhTIR1), which responded significantly to cold injury. Using VIGS (virus-induced gene silencing) technology to silence Gh_D08G0763 in the cold-tolerant cotton variety ZM36, it was found that the resistance of ZM36 to cold damage was significantly reduced. The physiological response mechanism of the Gh_D08G0763 in resisting cold damage was further analyzed through trypan blue staining of leaves and determination of enzyme activity levels. This study provided effective genetic resources for cotton cold-tolerance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (X.Z.); (X.R.); (Y.M.); (Q.G.); (F.Z.)
- Western Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Changji 831100, China
| | - Cuicui Wu
- Institute of Cotton Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Yuncheng 044000, China;
| | - Yutao Guo
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China;
| | - Xiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (X.Z.); (X.R.); (Y.M.); (Q.G.); (F.Z.)
| | - Yongming Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (X.Z.); (X.R.); (Y.M.); (Q.G.); (F.Z.)
- Western Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Changji 831100, China
| | - Qi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (X.Z.); (X.R.); (Y.M.); (Q.G.); (F.Z.)
- Western Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Changji 831100, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (X.Z.); (X.R.); (Y.M.); (Q.G.); (F.Z.)
| | - Yaping Wang
- Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya 572025, China;
| | - Jinggong Guo
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China;
- Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya 572025, China;
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3
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Yang J, Wu Y, Zhang P, Ma J, Yao YJ, Ma YL, Zhang L, Yang Y, Zhao C, Wu J, Fang X, Liu J. Multiple independent losses of the biosynthetic pathway for two tropane alkaloids in the Solanaceae family. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8457. [PMID: 38114555 PMCID: PMC10730914 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44246-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyoscyamine and scopolamine (HS), two valuable tropane alkaloids of significant medicinal importance, are found in multiple distantly related lineages within the Solanaceae family. Here we sequence the genomes of three representative species that produce HS from these lineages, and one species that does not produce HS. Our analysis reveals a shared biosynthetic pathway responsible for HS production in the three HS-producing species. We observe a high level of gene collinearity related to HS synthesis across the family in both types of species. By introducing gain-of-function and loss-of-function mutations at key sites, we confirm the reduced/lost or re-activated functions of critical genes involved in HS synthesis in both types of species, respectively. These findings indicate independent and repeated losses of the HS biosynthesis pathway since its origin in the ancestral lineage. Our results hold promise for potential future applications in the artificial engineering of HS biosynthesis in Solanaceae crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianxiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ying Jun Yao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Lin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection of Agro-Pastoral Ecotones in the Yellow River Basin, National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China, College of Biological Science & Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Yongzhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Changmin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jihua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangwen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Sun M, Niu W, Shi L, Lv Y, Fu B, Xia Y, Li H, Wang K, Li Y. Host response of Nicotiana benthamiana to the parasitism of five populations of root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus coffeae, from China. J Helminthol 2023; 97:e73. [PMID: 37771040 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x2300055x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
In a recent survey of nematodes associated with tobacco in Shandong, China, the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus coffeae was identified using a combination of morphology and molecular techniques. This nematode species is a serious parasite that damages a variety of plant species. The model plant benthi, Nicotiana benthamiana, is frequently used to study plant-disease interactions. However, it is not known whether this plant species is a host of P. coffeae. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the parasitism and pathogenicity of five populations of the root-lesion nematode P. coffeae on N. benthamiana.N. benthamiana seedlings with the same growth status were chosen and inoculated with 1,000 nematodes per pot. At 60 days after inoculation, the reproductive factors (Rf = final population densities (Pf)/initial population densities (Pi)) for P. coffeae in the rhizosphere of N. benthamiana were all more than 1, suggesting that N. benthamiana was a good host plant for P. coffeae.Nicotiana. benthamiana infected by P. coffeae showed weak growth, decreased tillering, high root reduction, and noticeable brown spots on the roots. Thus, we determined that the model plant N. benthamiana can be used to study plant-P. coffeae interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou450046, P.R.China
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou450046, P.R.China
| | - W Niu
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou450046, P.R.China
| | - L Shi
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou450046, P.R.China
| | - Y Lv
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou450046, P.R.China
| | - B Fu
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou450046, P.R.China
| | - Y Xia
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou450046, P.R.China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan430072, P.R.China
| | - H Li
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou450046, P.R.China
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou450046, P.R.China
| | - K Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou450046, P.R.China
| | - Y Li
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou450046, P.R.China
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou450046, P.R.China
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5
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Shi H, Yang Z, Huang J, Wu H, Fu S, Li W, Zou X, Zhou C, Wang X. An effector of 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' manipulates autophagy to promote bacterial infection. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:4670-4684. [PMID: 37166404 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy functions in plant host immunity responses to pathogen infection. The molecular mechanisms and functions used by the citrus Huanglongbing (HLB)-associated intracellular bacterium 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' (CLas) to manipulate autophagy are unknown. We identified a CLas effector, SDE4405 (CLIBASIA_04405), which contributes to HLB progression. 'Wanjincheng' orange (Citrus sinensis) transgenic plants expressing SDE4405 promotes CLas proliferation and symptom expression via suppressing host immunity responses. SDE4405 interacts with the ATG8-family of proteins (ATG8s), and their interactions activate autophagy in Nicotiana benthamiana. The occurrence of autophagy is also significantly enhanced in SDE4405-transgenic citrus plants. Interrupting NbATG8s-SDE4405 interaction by silencing of NbATG8c reduces Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000ΔhopQ1-1 (Pst DC3000ΔhopQ1-1) proliferation in N. benthamiana, and transient overexpression of CsATG8c and SDE4405 in citrus promotes Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) multiplication, suggesting that SDE4405-ATG8s interaction negatively regulates plant defense. These results demonstrate the role of the CLas effector protein in manipulating autophagy, and provide new molecular insights into the interaction between CLas and citrus hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Shi
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Zuhui Yang
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Jie Huang
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Haodi Wu
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Shimin Fu
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Key Laboratory for Northern Urban Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiuping Zou
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Changyong Zhou
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China
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6
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Zhang P, Ma X, Liu L, Mao C, Hu Y, Yan B, Guo J, Liu X, Shi J, Lee GS, Pan X, Deng Y, Zhang Z, Kang Z, Qiao Y. MEDIATOR SUBUNIT 16 negatively regulates rice immunity by modulating PATHOGENESIS RELATED 3 activity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:1132-1150. [PMID: 36815292 PMCID: PMC10231465 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Lesion mimic mutants (LMMs) are valuable genetic resources for unraveling plant defense responses including programmed cell death. Here, we identified a rice (Oryza sativa) LMM, spotted leaf 38 (spl38), and demonstrated that spl38 is essential for the formation of hypersensitive response-like lesions and innate immunity. Map-based cloning revealed that SPL38 encodes MEDIATOR SUBUNIT 16 (OsMED16). The spl38 mutant showed enhanced resistance to rice pathogens Magnaporthe oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and exhibited delayed flowering, while OsMED16-overexpressing plants showed increased rice susceptibility to M. oryzae. The OsMED16-edited rice lines were phenotypically similar to the spl38 mutant but were extremely weak, exhibited growth retardation, and eventually died. The C-terminus of OsMED16 showed interaction with the positive immune regulator PATHOGENESIS RELATED 3 (OsPR3), resulting in the competitive repression of its chitinase and chitin-binding activities. Furthermore, the ospr3 osmed16 double mutants did not exhibit the lesion mimic phenotype of the spl38 mutant. Strikingly, OsMED16 exhibited an opposite function in plant defense relative to that of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) AtMED16, most likely because of 2 amino acid substitutions between the monocot and dicot MED16s tested. Collectively, our findings suggest that OsMED16 negatively regulates cell death and immunity in rice, probably via the OsPR3-mediated chitin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Xiaoding Ma
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lina Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Chanjuan Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yongkang Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Bingxiao Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jinxia Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Gang-Seob Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Science, Jeon Ju 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaowu Pan
- Hunan Rice Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yiwen Deng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhengguang Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yongli Qiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
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7
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Chen Z, Liu F, Zeng M, Wang L, Liu H, Sun Y, Wang L, Zhang Z, Chen Z, Xu Y, Zhang M, Xia Y, Ye W, Dong S, Govers F, Wang Y, Wang Y. Convergent evolution of immune receptors underpins distinct elicitin recognition in closely related Solanaceous plants. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:1186-1201. [PMID: 36625683 PMCID: PMC10052394 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Elicitins are a large family of secreted proteins in Phytophthora. Clade 1 elicitins were identified decades ago as potent elicitors of immune responses in Nicotiana species, but the mechanisms underlying elicitin recognition are largely unknown. Here we identified an elicitin receptor in Nicotiana benthamiana that we named REL for Responsive to ELicitins. REL is a receptor-like protein (RLP) with an extracellular leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain that mediates Phytophthora resistance by binding elicitins. Silencing or knocking out REL in N. benthamiana abolished elicitin-triggered cell death and immune responses. Domain deletion and site-directed mutagenesis revealed that the island domain (ID) located within the LRR domain of REL is crucial for elicitin recognition. In addition, sequence polymorphism in the ID underpins the genetic diversity of REL homologs in various Nicotiana species in elicitin recognition and binding. Remarkably, REL is phylogenetically distant from the elicitin response (ELR) protein, an LRR-RLP that was previously identified in the wild potato species Solanum microdontum and REL and ELR differ in the way they bind and recognize elicitins. Our findings provide insights into the molecular basis of plant innate immunity and highlight a convergent evolution of immune receptors towards perceiving the same elicitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaodan Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Interaction and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Interaction and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mengzhu Zeng
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Interaction and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Interaction and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hanmei Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Interaction and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yujing Sun
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Interaction and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Interaction and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Interaction and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhiyuan Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Interaction and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuanpeng Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Interaction and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mingmei Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Interaction and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yeqiang Xia
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Interaction and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenwu Ye
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Interaction and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Suomeng Dong
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Interaction and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Francine Govers
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen NL-6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Interaction and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuanchao Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Interaction and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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8
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Parks HM, Cinelli MA, Bedewitz MA, Grabar JM, Hurney SM, Walker KD, Jones AD, Barry CS. Redirecting tropane alkaloid metabolism reveals pyrrolidine alkaloid diversity in Atropa belladonna. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:1810-1825. [PMID: 36451537 PMCID: PMC10107824 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant-specialized metabolism is complex, with frequent examples of highly branched biosynthetic pathways, and shared chemical intermediates. As such, many plant-specialized metabolic networks are poorly characterized. The N-methyl Δ1 -pyrrolinium cation is a simple pyrrolidine alkaloid and precursor of pharmacologically important tropane alkaloids. Silencing of pyrrolidine ketide synthase (AbPyKS) in the roots of Atropa belladonna (Deadly Nightshade) reduces tropane alkaloid abundance and causes high N-methyl Δ1 -pyrrolinium cation accumulation. The consequences of this metabolic shift on alkaloid metabolism are unknown. In this study, we utilized discovery metabolomics coupled with AbPyKS silencing to reveal major changes in the root alkaloid metabolome of A. belladonna. We discovered and annotated almost 40 pyrrolidine alkaloids that increase when AbPyKS activity is reduced. Suppression of phenyllactate biosynthesis, combined with metabolic engineering in planta, and chemical synthesis indicates several of these pyrrolidines share a core structure formed through the nonenzymatic Mannich-like decarboxylative condensation of the N-methyl Δ1 -pyrrolinium cation with 2-O-malonylphenyllactate. Decoration of this core scaffold through hydroxylation and glycosylation leads to mono- and dipyrrolidine alkaloid diversity. This study reveals the previously unknown complexity of the A. belladonna root metabolome and creates a foundation for future investigation into the biosynthesis, function, and potential utility of these novel alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M. Parks
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Maris A. Cinelli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | | | - Josh M. Grabar
- Department of HorticultureMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Steven M. Hurney
- Department of ChemistryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Kevin D. Walker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
- Department of ChemistryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - A. Daniel Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Cornelius S. Barry
- Department of HorticultureMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
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9
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Ji W, Mandal S, Rezenom YH, McKnight TD. Specialized metabolism by trichome-enriched Rubisco and fatty acid synthase components. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:1199-1213. [PMID: 36264116 PMCID: PMC9922422 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Acylsugars, specialized metabolites with defense activities, are secreted by trichomes of many solanaceous plants. Several acylsugar metabolic genes (AMGs) remain unknown. We previously reported multiple candidate AMGs. Here, using multiple approaches, we characterized additional AMGs. First, we identified differentially expressed genes between high- and low-acylsugar-producing F2 plants derived from a cross between cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and a wild relative (Solanum pennellii), which produce acylsugars that are ∼1% and ∼20% of leaf dry weight, respectively. Expression levels of many known and candidate AMGs positively correlated with acylsugar amounts in F2 individuals. Next, we identified lycopersicum-pennellii putative orthologs with higher nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions. These analyses identified four candidate genes, three of which showed enriched expression in stem trichomes compared to underlying tissues (shaved stems). Virus-induced gene silencing confirmed two candidates, Sopen05g009610 [beta-ketoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) reductase; fatty acid synthase component] and Sopen07g006810 (Rubisco small subunit), as AMGs. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Sopen05g009610 is distinct from specialized metabolic cytosolic reductases but closely related to two capsaicinoid biosynthetic reductases, suggesting evolutionary relationship between acylsugar and capsaicinoid biosynthesis. Analysis of publicly available datasets revealed enriched expression of Sopen05g009610 orthologs in trichomes of several acylsugar-producing species. Similarly, orthologs of Sopen07g006810 were identified as solanaceous trichome-enriched members, which form a phylogenetic clade distinct from those of mesophyll-expressed "regular" Rubisco small subunits. Furthermore, δ13C analyses indicated recycling of metabolic CO2 into acylsugars by Sopen07g006810 and showed how trichomes support high levels of specialized metabolite production. These findings have implications for genetic manipulation of trichome-specialized metabolism in solanaceous crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yohannes H Rezenom
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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10
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Pabón-Mora N, Suárez-Baron H, Madrigal Y, Alzate JF, González F. Expression and Functional Studies of Leaf, Floral, and Fruit Developmental Genes in Non-model Species. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2686:365-401. [PMID: 37540370 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3299-4_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Researchers working on evolutionary developmental plant biology are inclined to choose non-model taxa to address how specific features have been acquired during ontogeny and fixed during phylogeny. In this chapter we describe methods to extract RNA, to assemble de-novo transcriptomes, to isolate orthologous genes within gene families, and to evaluate expression and function of target genes. We have successfully optimized these protocols for non-model plant species including ferns, gymnosperms, and a large assortment of angiosperms. In the latter, we have ranged a large number of families including Aristolochiaceae, Apodanthaceae, Chloranthaceae, Orchidaceae, Papaveraceae, Rubiaceae, Solanaceae, and Tropaeolaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harold Suárez-Baron
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Cali, Colombia
| | - Yesenia Madrigal
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan F Alzate
- Centro Nacional de Secuenciación Genómica-CNSG, Sede de Investigación Universitaria-SIU, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Favio González
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
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11
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Tarallo M, McDougal RL, Chen Z, Wang Y, Bradshaw RE, Mesarich CH. Characterization of two conserved cell death elicitor families from the Dothideomycete fungal pathogens Dothistroma septosporum and Fulvia fulva (syn. Cladosporium fulvum). Front Microbiol 2022; 13:964851. [PMID: 36160260 PMCID: PMC9493481 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.964851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dothistroma septosporum (Ds) and Fulvia fulva (Ff; previously called Cladosporium fulvum) are two closely related Dothideomycete fungal species that cause Dothistroma needle blight in pine and leaf mold in tomato, respectively. During host colonization, these pathogens secrete virulence factors termed effectors to promote infection. In the presence of corresponding host immune receptors, however, these effectors activate plant defenses, including a localized cell death response that halts pathogen growth. We identified two apoplastic effector protein families, Ecp20 and Ecp32, which are conserved between the two pathogens. The Ecp20 family has four paralogues in both species, while the Ecp32 family has four paralogues in D. septosporum and five in F. fulva. Both families have members that are highly expressed during host infection. Members of the Ecp20 family have predicted structural similarity to proteins with a β-barrel fold, including the Alt a 1 allergen from Alternaria alternata, while members of the Ecp32 family have predicted structural similarity to proteins with a β-trefoil fold, such as trypsin inhibitors and lectins. Using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient transformation assays, each family member was assessed for its ability to trigger cell death in leaves of the non-host species Nicotiana benthamiana and N. tabacum. Using this approach, FfEcp20-2, DsEcp20-3, and FfEcp20-3 from the Ecp20 family, and all members from the Ecp32 family, except for the Ds/FfEcp32-4 pair, triggered cell death in both species. This cell death was dependent on secretion of the effectors to the apoplast. In line with recognition by an extracellular immune receptor, cell death triggered by Ds/FfEcp20-3 and FfEcp32-3 was compromised in N. benthamiana silenced for BAK1 or SOBIR1, which encode extracellular co-receptors involved in transducing defense response signals following apoplastic effector recognition. We then investigated whether DsEcp20-3 and DsEcp20-4 triggered cell death in the host species Pinus radiata by directly infiltrating purified protein into pine needles. Strikingly, as in the non-host species, DsEcp20-3 triggered cell death, while DsEcp20-4 did not. Collectively, our study describes two new candidate effector families with cell death-eliciting activity from D. septosporum and F. fulva and provides evidence that members of these families are recognized by plant immune receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Tarallo
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Pathology/Bioprotection Aotearoa, School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- *Correspondence: Mariana Tarallo,
| | | | - Zhiyuan Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rosie E. Bradshaw
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Pathology/Bioprotection Aotearoa, School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Rosie E. Bradshaw,
| | - Carl H. Mesarich
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Pathology/Bioprotection Aotearoa, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Carl H. Mesarich,
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12
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Schenck CA, Anthony TM, Jacobs M, Jones AD, Last RL. Natural variation meets synthetic biology: Promiscuous trichome-expressed acyltransferases from Nicotiana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:146-164. [PMID: 35477794 PMCID: PMC9434288 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Acylsugars are defensive, trichome-synthesized sugar esters produced in plants across the Solanaceae (nightshade) family. Although assembled from simple metabolites and synthesized by a relatively short core biosynthetic pathway, tremendous within- and across-species acylsugar structural variation is documented across the family. To advance our understanding of the diversity and the synthesis of acylsugars within the Nicotiana genus, trichome extracts were profiled across the genus coupled with transcriptomics-guided enzyme discovery and in vivo and in vitro analysis. Differences in the types of sugar cores, numbers of acylations, and acyl chain structures contributed to over 300 unique annotated acylsugars throughout Nicotiana. Placement of acyl chain length into a phylogenetic context revealed that an unsaturated acyl chain type was detected in a few closely related species. A comparative transcriptomics approach identified trichome-enriched Nicotiana acuminata acylsugar biosynthetic candidate enzymes. More than 25 acylsugar variants could be produced in a single enzyme assay with four N. acuminata acylsugar acyltransferases (NacASAT1-4) together with structurally diverse acyl-CoAs and sucrose. Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry screening of in vitro products revealed the ability of these enzymes to make acylsugars not present in Nicotiana plant extracts. In vitro acylsugar production also provided insights into acyltransferase acyl donor promiscuity and acyl acceptor specificity as well as regiospecificity of some ASATs. This study suggests that promiscuous Nicotiana acyltransferases can be used as synthetic biology tools to produce novel and potentially useful metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A Schenck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Thilani M Anthony
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - MacKenzie Jacobs
- Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, West Liberty University, West Liberty, West Virginia 26074, USA
| | - A Daniel Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Robert L Last
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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13
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Metabolomics-guided discovery of cytochrome P450s involved in pseudotropine-dependent biosynthesis of modified tropane alkaloids. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3832. [PMID: 35780230 PMCID: PMC9250511 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31653-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant alkaloids constitute an important class of bioactive chemicals with applications in medicine and agriculture. However, the knowledge gap of the diversity and biosynthesis of phytoalkaloids prevents systematic advances in biotechnology for engineered production of these high-value compounds. In particular, the identification of cytochrome P450s driving the structural diversity of phytoalkaloids has remained challenging. Here, we use a combination of reverse genetics with discovery metabolomics and multivariate statistical analysis followed by in planta transient assays to investigate alkaloid diversity and functionally characterize two candidate cytochrome P450s genes from Atropa belladonna without a priori knowledge of their functions or information regarding the identities of key pathway intermediates. This approach uncovered a largely unexplored root localized alkaloid sub-network that relies on pseudotropine as precursor. The two cytochrome P450s catalyze N-demethylation and ring-hydroxylation reactions within the early steps in the biosynthesis of diverse N-demethylated modified tropane alkaloids. Cytochrome P450s drive the structural diversity of plant alkaloids, many of which have biotechnological uses. Here the authors use reverse genetics and metabolomics to identify two Atropa belladonna cytochrome P450s that synthesize pseudotropine-derived alkaloids.
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14
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Zhu Y, Hu X, Wang P, Wang H, Ge X, Li F, Hou Y. GhODO1, an R2R3-type MYB transcription factor, positively regulates cotton resistance to Verticillium dahliae via the lignin biosynthesis and jasmonic acid signaling pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 201:580-591. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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Li H, Zhang D, Xie K, Wang Y, Liao Q, Hong Y, Liu Y. Efficient and high-throughput pseudorecombinant-chimeric Cucumber mosaic virus-based VIGS in maize. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:2865-2876. [PMID: 34606612 PMCID: PMC8644855 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a versatile and attractive approach for functional gene characterization in plants. Although several VIGS vectors for maize (Zea mays) have been previously developed, their utilities are limited due to low viral infection efficiency, insert instability, short maintenance of silencing, inadequate inoculation method, or abnormal requirement of growth temperature. Here, we established a Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)-based VIGS system for efficient maize gene silencing that overcomes many limitations of VIGS currently available for maize. Using two distinct strains, CMV-ZMBJ and CMV-Fny, we generated a pseudorecombinant-chimeric (Pr) CMV. Pr CMV showed high infection efficacy but mild viral symptoms in maize. We then constructed Pr CMV-based vectors for VIGS, dubbed Pr CMV VIGS. Pr CMV VIGS is simply performed by mechanical inoculation of young maize leaves with saps of Pr CMV-infected Nicotiana benthamiana under normal growth conditions. Indeed, suppression of isopentenyl/dimethylallyl diphosphate synthase (ZmIspH) expression by Pr CMV VIGS resulted in non-inoculated leaf bleaching as early as 5 d post-inoculation (dpi) and exhibited constant and efficient systemic silencing over the whole maize growth period up to 105 dpi. Furthermore, utilizing a ligation-independent cloning (LIC) strategy, we developed a modified Pr CMV-LIC VIGS vector, allowing easy gene cloning for high-throughput silencing in maize. Thus, our Pr CMV VIGS system provides a much-improved toolbox to facilitate efficient and long-duration gene silencing for large-scale functional genomics in maize, and our pseudorecombination-chimera combination strategy provides an approach to construct efficient VIGS systems in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangai Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Danfeng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ke Xie
- Biology and Agriculture Research Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China
| | - Yan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiansheng Liao
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiguo Hong
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yule Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
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16
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Zhou Y, Deng Y, Liu D, Wang H, Zhang X, Liu T, Wang J, Li Y, Ou L, Liu F, Zou X, Ouyang B, Li F. Promoting virus-induced gene silencing of pepper genes by a heterologous viral silencing suppressor. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:2398-2400. [PMID: 34628716 PMCID: PMC8633498 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingjia Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE)College of Horticulture and Forestry SciencesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yingtian Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE)College of Horticulture and Forestry SciencesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE)College of Horticulture and Forestry SciencesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Hongzheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE)College of Horticulture and Forestry SciencesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE)College of Horticulture and Forestry SciencesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Tingting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE)College of Horticulture and Forestry SciencesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jubin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE)College of Horticulture and Forestry SciencesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yue Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE)College of Horticulture and Forestry SciencesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Lijun Ou
- College of HorticultureHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Feng Liu
- College of HorticultureHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xuexiao Zou
- College of HorticultureHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Bo Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE)College of Horticulture and Forestry SciencesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE)College of Horticulture and Forestry SciencesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
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17
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Zhu Y, Hu X, Wang P, Gao L, Pei Y, Ge Z, Ge X, Li F, Hou Y. GhPLP2 Positively Regulates Cotton Resistance to Verticillium Wilt by Modulating Fatty Acid Accumulation and Jasmonic Acid Signaling Pathway. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:749630. [PMID: 34795685 PMCID: PMC8593000 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.749630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Patatin-like proteins (PLPs) have non-specific lipid acyl hydrolysis (LAH) activity, which can hydrolyze membrane lipids into fatty acids and lysophospholipids. The vital role of PLPs in plant growth and abiotic stress has been well documented. However, the function of PLPs in plant defense responses against pathogens is still poorly understood. Here, we isolated and identified a novel cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) PLP gene GhPLP2. The expression of GhPLP2 was induced upon treatment with Verticillium dahliae, the signaling molecules jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ETH) in cotton plants. Subcellular localization revealed that GhPLP2 was localized to the plasma membrane. GhPLP2-silenced cotton plants were more susceptible to infection by V. dahliae, while the overexpression of GhPLP2 in Arabidopsis enhanced its resistance to V. dahliae, which was apparent as mild symptoms, and a decrease in the disease index and fungal biomass. The hypersensitive response, deposition of callose, and H2O2 accumulation triggered by V. dahliae elicitor were reduced in GhPLP2-silenced cotton plants. The overexpression of GhPLP2 in Arabidopsis resulted in the accumulation of linoleic acid (LA, 18:2) and α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3) and facilitated the biosynthesis of JA and JA-mediated defensive responses. GhPLP2 silencing in cotton plants consistently reduced the accumulation of linoleic acid (LA, 18:2) and α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3) and suppressed the biosynthesis of JA and the defensive responses mediated by JA. These results indicate that GhPLP2 is involved in the resistance of cotton to V. dahliae by maintaining fatty acid metabolism pools for JA biosynthesis and activating the JA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Zhu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Hu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Linying Gao
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yakun Pei
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoyue Ge
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Fuguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Yuxia Hou
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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18
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Zhu Y, Hu X, Wang P, Gao L, Pei Y, Ge Z, Ge X, Li F, Hou Y. GhPLP2 Positively Regulates Cotton Resistance to Verticillium Wilt by Modulating Fatty Acid Accumulation and Jasmonic Acid Signaling Pathway. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:749630. [PMID: 34795685 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-388437/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Patatin-like proteins (PLPs) have non-specific lipid acyl hydrolysis (LAH) activity, which can hydrolyze membrane lipids into fatty acids and lysophospholipids. The vital role of PLPs in plant growth and abiotic stress has been well documented. However, the function of PLPs in plant defense responses against pathogens is still poorly understood. Here, we isolated and identified a novel cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) PLP gene GhPLP2. The expression of GhPLP2 was induced upon treatment with Verticillium dahliae, the signaling molecules jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ETH) in cotton plants. Subcellular localization revealed that GhPLP2 was localized to the plasma membrane. GhPLP2-silenced cotton plants were more susceptible to infection by V. dahliae, while the overexpression of GhPLP2 in Arabidopsis enhanced its resistance to V. dahliae, which was apparent as mild symptoms, and a decrease in the disease index and fungal biomass. The hypersensitive response, deposition of callose, and H2O2 accumulation triggered by V. dahliae elicitor were reduced in GhPLP2-silenced cotton plants. The overexpression of GhPLP2 in Arabidopsis resulted in the accumulation of linoleic acid (LA, 18:2) and α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3) and facilitated the biosynthesis of JA and JA-mediated defensive responses. GhPLP2 silencing in cotton plants consistently reduced the accumulation of linoleic acid (LA, 18:2) and α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3) and suppressed the biosynthesis of JA and the defensive responses mediated by JA. These results indicate that GhPLP2 is involved in the resistance of cotton to V. dahliae by maintaining fatty acid metabolism pools for JA biosynthesis and activating the JA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Zhu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Hu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Linying Gao
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yakun Pei
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoyue Ge
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Fuguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Yuxia Hou
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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19
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Liu L, Wang Z, Li J, Wang Y, Yuan J, Zhan J, Wang P, Lin Y, Li F, Ge X. Verticillium dahliae secreted protein Vd424Y is required for full virulence, targets the nucleus of plant cells, and induces cell death. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2021; 22:1109-1120. [PMID: 34233072 PMCID: PMC8358993 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Fungal pathogens secrete effector proteins that regulate host immunity and can suppress basal defence mechanisms against colonization in plants. Verticillium dahliae is a widespread and destructive soilborne fungus that can cause vascular wilt disease and reduces plant yields. However, little is currently known about how the effectors secreted by V. dahliae function. In this study, we analysed and identified 34 candidate effectors in the V. dahliae secretome and found that Vd424Y, a glycoside hydrolase family 11 protein, was highly upregulated during the early stages of V. dahliae infection in cotton plants. This protein was located in the nucleus and its deletion compromised the virulence of the fungus. The transient expression of Vd424Y in Nicotiana benthamiana induced BAK1- and SOBIR1-dependent cell death and activated both salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signalling. This enhanced its resistance to the oomycetes Phytophthora capsici in a way that depended on its nuclear localization signal and signal peptides. Our results demonstrate that Vd424Y is an important effector protein targeting the host nucleus to regulate and activate effector-triggered immunity in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisen Liu
- Institute of Cotton ResearchHenan Normal University Research Base of State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyHenanChina
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Zhaohan Wang
- Institute of Cotton ResearchHenan Normal University Research Base of State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyHenanChina
| | - Jianing Li
- Institute of Cotton ResearchHenan Normal University Research Base of State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyHenanChina
| | - Ye Wang
- Institute of Cotton ResearchHenan Normal University Research Base of State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyHenanChina
| | - Jiachen Yuan
- Institute of Cotton ResearchHenan Normal University Research Base of State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyHenanChina
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Jingjing Zhan
- Institute of Cotton ResearchHenan Normal University Research Base of State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyHenanChina
| | - Peng Wang
- Institute of Cotton ResearchHenan Normal University Research Base of State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyHenanChina
| | - Yongjun Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Fuguang Li
- Institute of Cotton ResearchHenan Normal University Research Base of State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyHenanChina
| | - Xiaoyang Ge
- Institute of Cotton ResearchHenan Normal University Research Base of State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyHenanChina
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
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20
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Khakhar A, Wang C, Swanson R, Stokke S, Rizvi F, Sarup S, Hobbs J, Voytas DF. VipariNama: RNA viral vectors to rapidly elucidate the relationship between gene expression and phenotype. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:2222-2238. [PMID: 34009393 PMCID: PMC8331131 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic transcription factors have great promise as tools to help elucidate relationships between gene expression and phenotype by allowing tunable alterations of gene expression without genomic alterations of the loci being studied. However, the years-long timescales, high cost, and technical skill associated with plant transformation have limited their use. In this work, we developed a technology called VipariNama (ViN) in which vectors based on the tobacco rattle virus are used to rapidly deploy Cas9-based synthetic transcription factors and reprogram gene expression in planta. We demonstrate that ViN vectors can implement activation or repression of multiple genes systemically and persistently over several weeks in Nicotiana benthamiana, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). By exploring strategies including RNA scaffolding, viral vector ensembles, and viral engineering, we describe how the flexibility and efficacy of regulation can be improved. We also show how this transcriptional reprogramming can create predictable changes to metabolic phenotypes, such as gibberellin biosynthesis in N. benthamiana and anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis, as well as developmental phenotypes, such as plant size in N. benthamiana, Arabidopsis, and tomato. These results demonstrate how ViN vector-based reprogramming of different aspects of gibberellin signaling can be used to engineer plant size in a range of plant species in a matter of weeks. In summary, ViN accelerates the timeline for generating phenotypes from over a year to just a few weeks, providing an attractive alternative to transgenesis for synthetic transcription factor-enabled hypothesis testing and crop engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Khakhar
- Department Genetics, Cell Biology, & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55108, USA
- Center for Precision Plant Genomics, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minneapolis 55108, USA
| | - Cecily Wang
- Department Genetics, Cell Biology, & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55108, USA
- Center for Precision Plant Genomics, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minneapolis 55108, USA
| | - Ryan Swanson
- Department Genetics, Cell Biology, & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55108, USA
- Center for Precision Plant Genomics, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minneapolis 55108, USA
| | - Sydney Stokke
- Department Genetics, Cell Biology, & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55108, USA
- Center for Precision Plant Genomics, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minneapolis 55108, USA
| | - Furva Rizvi
- Department Genetics, Cell Biology, & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55108, USA
- Center for Precision Plant Genomics, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minneapolis 55108, USA
| | - Surbhi Sarup
- Department Genetics, Cell Biology, & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55108, USA
- Center for Precision Plant Genomics, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minneapolis 55108, USA
| | - John Hobbs
- Department Genetics, Cell Biology, & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55108, USA
- Center for Precision Plant Genomics, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minneapolis 55108, USA
| | - Daniel F Voytas
- Department Genetics, Cell Biology, & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55108, USA
- Center for Precision Plant Genomics, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minneapolis 55108, USA
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21
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Tuo D, Zhou P, Yan P, Cui H, Liu Y, Wang H, Yang X, Liao W, Sun D, Li X, Shen W. A cassava common mosaic virus vector for virus-induced gene silencing in cassava. PLANT METHODS 2021; 17:74. [PMID: 34247636 PMCID: PMC8273954 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-021-00775-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cassava is an important crop for food security and industry in the least-developed and developing countries. The completion of the cassava genome sequence and identification of large numbers of candidate genes by next-generation sequencing provide extensive resources for cassava molecular breeding and increase the need for rapid and efficient gene function analysis systems in cassava. Several plant virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) systems have been developed as reverse genetic tools for rapid gene function analysis in cassava. However, these VIGS vectors could cause severe viral symptoms or inefficient gene silencing. RESULTS In this study, we constructed agroinfection-compatible infectious cDNA clones of cassava common mosaic virus isolate CM (CsCMV-CM, genus Potexvirus, family Alphaflexiviridae) that causes systemic infection with mild symptoms in cassava. CsCMV-CM was then modified to a viral vector carrying the Nimble cloning frame, which facilitates the rapid and high-throughput cloning of silencing fragments into the viral genome. The CsCMV-based vector successfully silenced phytoene desaturase (PDS) and magnesium chelatase subunit I (ChlI) in different cassava varieties and Nicotiana benthamiana. The silencing of the ChlI gene could persist for more than two months. CONCLUSIONS This CsCMV-based VIGS system provides a new tool for rapid and efficient gene function studies in cassava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Decai Tuo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources &, Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources &, Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Pu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources &, Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Hongguang Cui
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - He Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Xiukun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Wenbin Liao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources &, Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Di Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources &, Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Wentao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China.
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources &, Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China.
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22
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Tuo D, Yan P, Zhao G, Cui H, Zhu G, Liu Y, Yang X, Wang H, Li X, Shen W, Zhou P. An efficient papaya leaf distortion mosaic potyvirus vector for virus-induced gene silencing in papaya. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:144. [PMID: 34193861 PMCID: PMC8245588 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00579-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is regarded as an excellent model for genomic studies of tropical trees because of its short generation time and its small genome that has been sequenced. However, functional genomic studies in papaya depend on laborious genetic transformations because no rapid tools exist for this species. Here, we developed a highly efficient virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) vector for use in papaya by modifying an artificially attenuated infectious clone of papaya leaf distortion mosaic virus (PLDMV; genus: Potyvirus), PLDMV-E, into a stable Nimble Cloning (NC)-based PLDMV vector, pPLDMV-NC, in Escherichia coli. The target fragments for gene silencing can easily be cloned into pPLDMV-NC without multiple digestion and ligation steps. Using this PLDMV VIGS system, we silenced and characterized five endogenous genes in papaya, including two common VIGS marker genes, namely, phytoene desaturase, Mg-chelatase H subunit, putative GIBBERELLIN (GA)-INSENSITIVE DWARF1A and 1B encoding GA receptors; and the cytochrome P450 gene CYP83B1, which encodes a key enzyme involved in benzylglucosinolate biosynthesis. The results demonstrate that our newly developed PLDMV VIGS vector is a rapid and convenient tool for functional genomic studies in papaya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Decai Tuo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 571101, Haikou, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources & Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 571101, Haikou, China
| | - Pu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 571101, Haikou, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources & Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 571101, Haikou, China
| | - Guangyuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 571101, Haikou, China
| | - Hongguang Cui
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, China
| | - Guopeng Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 571101, Haikou, China
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, China
| | - Xiukun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 571101, Haikou, China
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, China
| | - He Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 571101, Haikou, China
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 571101, Haikou, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources & Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 571101, Haikou, China
| | - Wentao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 571101, Haikou, China.
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources & Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 571101, Haikou, China.
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, China.
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Microbe Resources, 571101, Haikou, China.
| | - Peng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 571101, Haikou, China.
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources & Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 571101, Haikou, China.
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, China.
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Microbe Resources, 571101, Haikou, China.
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23
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Shi G, Hao M, Tian B, Cao G, Wei F, Xie Z. A Methodological Advance of Tobacco Rattle Virus-Induced Gene Silencing for Functional Genomics in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:671091. [PMID: 34149770 PMCID: PMC8212136 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.671091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
As a promising high-throughput reverse genetic tool in plants, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) has already begun to fulfill some of this promise in diverse aspects. However, review of the technological advancements about widely used VIGS system, tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-mediated gene silencing, needs timely updates. Hence, this article mainly reviews viral vector construction, inoculation method advances, important influential factors, and summarizes the recent applications in diverse plant species, thus providing a better understanding and advice for functional gene analysis related to crop improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongyao Shi
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengyuan Hao
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Baoming Tian
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gangqiang Cao
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fang Wei
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhengqing Xie
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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24
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Kang WH, Park B, Lee J, Yeom SI. Tissue-Specific RNA-Seq Analysis and Identification of Receptor-Like Proteins Related to Plant Growth in Capsicum annuum. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:972. [PMID: 34068172 PMCID: PMC8152994 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Receptor-like proteins (RLPs) are a gene family of cell surface receptors that are involved in plant growth, development, and disease resistance. In a recent study, 438 pepper RLP genes were identified in the Capsicum annuum genome (CaRLPs) and determined to be present in response to multiple biotic stresses. To further understand the role of CaRLPs in plant growth and development, we analyzed expression patterns of all CaRLPs from various pepper tissues and developmental stages using RNA-seq. Ten CaRLP genes were selected for further analysis according to transcript levels with hierarchical clustering. The selected CaRLP genes displayed similarity of motifs within the same groups and structures typical of RLPs. To examine RLP function in growth and development, we performed loss-of-function analysis using a virus-induced gene silencing system. Three of the ten tested CaRLPs (CaRLP238, 253, and 360) in silenced plants exhibited phenotypic alteration with growth retardation compared to controls. All three gene-silenced peppers showed significant differences in root dry weight. Only CaRLP238 had significant differences in both root and shoot dry weight. Our results suggest that CaRLPs may play important roles in regulation of plant growth and development as well as function in defense responses to biotic stresses in the RLP gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Hee Kang
- Institute of Agriculture & Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Boseul Park
- Department of Horticulture, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (B.P.); (J.L.)
| | - Junesung Lee
- Department of Horticulture, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (B.P.); (J.L.)
| | - Seon-In Yeom
- Institute of Agriculture & Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
- Department of Horticulture, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (B.P.); (J.L.)
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25
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Wang B, He T, Zheng X, Song B, Chen H. Proteomic Analysis of Potato Responding to the Invasion of Ralstonia solanacearum UW551 and Its Type III Secretion System Mutant. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2021; 34:337-350. [PMID: 33332146 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-06-20-0144-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The infection of potato with Ralstonia solanacearum UW551 gives rise to bacterial wilt disease via colonization of roots. The type III secretion system (T3SS) is a determinant factor for the pathogenicity of R. solanacearum. To fully understand perturbations in potato by R. solanacearum type III effectors(T3Es), we used proteomics to measure differences in potato root protein abundance after inoculation with R. solanacearum UW551 and the T3SS mutant (UW551△HrcV). We identified 21 differentially accumulated proteins. Compared with inoculation with UW551△HrcV, 10 proteins showed significantly lower abundance in potato roots after inoculation with UW551, indicating that those proteins were significantly downregulated by T3Es during the invasion. To identify their functions in immunity, we silenced those genes in Nicotiana benthamiana and tested the resistance of the silenced plants to the pathogen. Results showed that miraculin, HBP2, and TOM20 contribute to immunity to R. solanacearum. In contrast, PP1 contributes to susceptibility. Notably, none of four downregulated proteins (HBP2, PP1, HSP22, and TOM20) were downregulated at the transcriptional level, suggesting that they were significantly downregulated at the posttranscriptional level. We further coexpressed those four proteins with 33 core T3Es. To our surprise, multiple effectors were able to significantly decrease the studied protein abundances. In conclusion, our data showed that T3Es of R. solanacearum could subvert potato root immune-related proteins in a redundant manner.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingsen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tianjiu He
- Guizhou Institute of Biotechnology, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550006, China
| | - Xueao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Botao Song
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huilan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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26
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Zavaliev R, Mohan R, Chen T, Dong X. Formation of NPR1 Condensates Promotes Cell Survival during the Plant Immune Response. Cell 2020; 182:1093-1108.e18. [PMID: 32810437 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In plants, pathogen effector-triggered immunity (ETI) often leads to programmed cell death, which is restricted by NPR1, an activator of systemic acquired resistance. However, the biochemical activities of NPR1 enabling it to promote defense and restrict cell death remain unclear. Here we show that NPR1 promotes cell survival by targeting substrates for ubiquitination and degradation through formation of salicylic acid-induced NPR1 condensates (SINCs). SINCs are enriched with stress response proteins, including nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat immune receptors, oxidative and DNA damage response proteins, and protein quality control machineries. Transition of NPR1 into condensates is required for formation of the NPR1-Cullin 3 E3 ligase complex to ubiquitinate SINC-localized substrates, such as EDS1 and specific WRKY transcription factors, and promote cell survival during ETI. Our analysis of SINCs suggests that NPR1 is centrally integrated into the cell death or survival decisions in plant immunity by modulating multiple stress-responsive processes in this quasi-organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Zavaliev
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - Tianyuan Chen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Xinnian Dong
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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27
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Fan P, Wang P, Lou YR, Leong BJ, Moore BM, Schenck CA, Combs R, Cao P, Brandizzi F, Shiu SH, Last RL. Evolution of a plant gene cluster in Solanaceae and emergence of metabolic diversity. eLife 2020; 9:e56717. [PMID: 32613943 PMCID: PMC7386920 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants produce phylogenetically and spatially restricted, as well as structurally diverse specialized metabolites via multistep metabolic pathways. Hallmarks of specialized metabolic evolution include enzymatic promiscuity and recruitment of primary metabolic enzymes and examples of genomic clustering of pathway genes. Solanaceae glandular trichomes produce defensive acylsugars, with sidechains that vary in length across the family. We describe a tomato gene cluster on chromosome 7 involved in medium chain acylsugar accumulation due to trichome specific acyl-CoA synthetase and enoyl-CoA hydratase genes. This cluster co-localizes with a tomato steroidal alkaloid gene cluster and is syntenic to a chromosome 12 region containing another acylsugar pathway gene. We reconstructed the evolutionary events leading to this gene cluster and found that its phylogenetic distribution correlates with medium chain acylsugar accumulation across the Solanaceae. This work reveals insights into the dynamics behind gene cluster evolution and cell-type specific metabolite diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxiang Fan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingUnited States
| | - Peipei Wang
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingUnited States
| | - Yann-Ru Lou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingUnited States
| | - Bryan J Leong
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingUnited States
| | - Bethany M Moore
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingUnited States
- University of WisconsinMadisonUnited States
| | - Craig A Schenck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingUnited States
| | - Rachel Combs
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of MissouriColumbusUnited States
| | - Pengfei Cao
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingUnited States
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingUnited States
| | - Federica Brandizzi
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingUnited States
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingUnited States
| | - Shin-Han Shiu
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingUnited States
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science, and Engineering, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingUnited States
| | - Robert L Last
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingUnited States
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingUnited States
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Leong BJ, Hurney SM, Fiesel PD, Moghe GD, Jones AD, Last RL. Specialized Metabolism in a Nonmodel Nightshade: Trichome Acylinositol Biosynthesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 183:915-924. [PMID: 32354879 PMCID: PMC7333698 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants make many biologically active, specialized metabolites, which vary in structure, biosynthesis, and the processes they influence. An increasing number of these compounds are documented to protect plants from insects, pathogens, or herbivores or to mediate interactions with beneficial organisms, including pollinators and nitrogen-fixing microbes. Acylsugars, one class of protective compounds, are made in glandular trichomes of plants across the Solanaceae family. While most described acylsugars are acylsucroses, published examples also include acylsugars with hexose cores. The South American fruit crop naranjilla (lulo; Solanum quitoense) produces acylsugars containing a myoinositol core. We identified an enzyme that acetylates triacylinositols, a function homologous to the last step in the acylsucrose biosynthetic pathway of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Our analysis reveals parallels between S. lycopersicum acylsucrose and S. quitoense acylinositol biosynthesis, suggesting a common evolutionary origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan J Leong
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Steven M Hurney
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Paul D Fiesel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Gaurav D Moghe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - A Daniel Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Robert L Last
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
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Devani RS, Kute A, John S, Adhikari S, Sinha S, Banerjee AK. Development of a Virus-Induced Gene Silencing System for Dioecious Coccinia grandis. Mol Biotechnol 2020; 62:412-422. [PMID: 32592122 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-020-00259-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Coccinia grandis is an interesting model system to understand dioecy in Cucurbitaceae family. Recent transcriptomics and proteomics studies carried out to understand the sex expression in C. grandis have resulted in identification of many candidate sex-biased genes. In absence of an efficient genetic transformation protocol for C. grandis, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) would be a powerful tool to enable gene functional analysis. In current study, we explored the apple latent spherical virus (ALSV) for gene knockdown in C. grandis. The viral infection was achieved through mechanical inoculation of ALSV-infected Chenopodium quinoa leaf extract onto the cotyledons of C. grandis. ALSV-VIGS mediated knockdown of CgPDS gene was successfully achieved in C. grandis by mechanical inoculation method resulting in characteristic photobleaching. Subsequently, we developed agroinfiltration compatible vectors for direct infection of C. grandis and shortened the time-frame by skipping viral propagation in C. quinoa. Typical yellow-leaf phenotype was observed in C. grandis plants agroinfiltrated with ALSV-CgSU constructs, indicating robust silencing of CgSU gene. In addition, we improved the infection efficiency of ALSV by co-infiltration of P19 viral silencing suppressor. These results suggest that ALSV-VIGS is suitable for characterization of gene function in dioecious C. grandis and it can help us understand the mechanism of sex expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Suresh Devani
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, 411008, India.,IPS2, INRA, CNRS, University Paris Sud, University of Evry, University of Paris Diderot, University of Paris Saclay, Batiment 630, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Apurva Kute
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, 411008, India
| | - Sheeba John
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, 411008, India
| | - Supriya Adhikari
- Department of Botany, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, 799022, Tripura, India
| | - Sangram Sinha
- Department of Botany, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, 799022, Tripura, India
| | - Anjan Kumar Banerjee
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, 411008, India.
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Abstract
Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a favorable method to study gene function by posttranscriptional gene silencing in plants. Here we describe a methodology of graft-accelerated VIGS in rose aimed at obtaining posttranscriptional gene silencing in the flower. The resulting phenotype can be observed within 5-6 weeks post infiltration. By using this method, we successfully silenced the expression of several genes involved in processes such as scent production, petal coloration, or flower architecture. We showed that graft-accelerated VIGS was faster, more efficient, and more convenient than conventional methods previously developed in rose such as agroinfiltration of young plantlets and in vitro cultured tissues or seeds.
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Li Y, Liu Y, Qi F, Deng C, Lu C, Huang H, Dai S. Establishment of virus-induced gene silencing system and functional analysis of ScbHLH17 in Senecio cruentus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 147:272-279. [PMID: 31891861 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a technology for rapid gene functional analysis that depends on the degradation of viral RNA and is part of the natural defense mechanism in plants. Senecio cruentus is an important Compositae ornamental species that is plentiful and available in a variety of colors and has a typical blue variety that is rare in Compositae. These advantages make it a good material for studying the anthocyanin biosynthesis and blue flower formation mechanism. With the development of gene sequencing technology, the functions of many candidate genes that may be involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in S. cruentus need to be identified. However, a stable and rapid genetic transformation system of S. cruentus is still lacking. Here, we screened two cultivars, 'Venezia' and 'Jseter', selected ScPDS and ScANS as test genes, and investigated the effect of developmental periods, bacterial cell concentrations and infection methods on gene silencing efficiency. The results showed that the silencing efficiency of S. cruentus leaves was low (13%), and it was less affected by the parameters. However, the transcription factor gene ScbHLH17 was still silenced by VIGS, which resulted in the loss of anthocyanin accumulation in leaves, and the expression levels of anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway (ABP) structural genes, including ScCHI, ScDFR3 and ScANS, were decreased significantly. The result proved that ScbHLH17 was an important transcription factor that regulated flower color formation in S. cruentus. In addition, ScANS-silencing phenotypes were observed in S. cruentus capitulum by vacuum-infiltrating S1 stage buds for 10 min after scape injection. In general, the present study provided an important technical support for the study of anthocyanin metabolism pathways in S. cruentus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, Beijing, 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Laboratory of Urbanand Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing, 100083, China; School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuting Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, Beijing, 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Laboratory of Urbanand Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing, 100083, China; School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Fangting Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, Beijing, 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Laboratory of Urbanand Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing, 100083, China; School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chengyan Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, Beijing, 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Laboratory of Urbanand Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing, 100083, China; School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chenfei Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, Beijing, 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Laboratory of Urbanand Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing, 100083, China; School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - He Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, Beijing, 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Laboratory of Urbanand Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing, 100083, China; School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Silan Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, Beijing, 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Laboratory of Urbanand Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing, 100083, China; School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
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Mandal S, Ji W, McKnight TD. Candidate Gene Networks for Acylsugar Metabolism and Plant Defense in Wild Tomato Solanum pennellii. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:81-99. [PMID: 31628166 PMCID: PMC6961621 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Many solanaceous plants secrete acylsugars, which are branched-chain and straight-chain fatty acids esterified to Glu or Suc. These compounds have important roles in plant defense and potential commercial applications. However, several acylsugar metabolic genes remain unidentified, and little is known about regulation of this pathway. Comparative transcriptomics between low- and high-acylsugar-producing accessions of Solanum pennellii revealed that expression levels of known and novel candidate genes (putatively encoding beta-ketoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) synthases, peroxisomal acyl-activating enzymes, ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters, and central carbon metabolic proteins) were positively correlated with acylsugar accumulation, except two genes previously reported to be involved in acylglucose biosynthesis. Genes putatively encoding oxylipin metabolic proteins, subtilisin-like proteases, and other antimicrobial defense proteins were upregulated in low-acylsugar-producing accessions. Transcriptome analysis after biochemical inhibition of biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids (precursors to branched-chain fatty acids) by imazapyr showed concentration-dependent downregulation of known and most acylsugar candidate genes, but not defense genes. Weighted gene correlation network analysis identified separate coexpressed gene networks for acylsugar metabolism (including six transcription factor genes and flavonoid metabolic genes) and plant defense (including genes putatively encoding NB-ARC and leucine-rich repeat sequences, protein kinases and defense signaling proteins, and previously mentioned defense proteins). Additionally, virus-induced gene silencing of two trichomes preferentially expressed candidate genes for straight-chain fatty acid biosynthesis confirmed their role in acylsugar metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabyasachi Mandal
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Wangming Ji
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Thomas D McKnight
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
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Bao S, Owens RA, Sun Q, Song H, Liu Y, Eamens AL, Feng H, Tian H, Wang MB, Zhang R. Silencing of transcription factor encoding gene StTCP23 by small RNAs derived from the virulence modulating region of potato spindle tuber viroid is associated with symptom development in potato. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1008110. [PMID: 31790500 PMCID: PMC6907872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Viroids are small, non-protein-coding RNAs which can induce disease symptoms in a variety of plant species. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the natural host of Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) where infection results in stunting, distortion of leaves and tubers and yield loss. Replication of PSTVd is accompanied by the accumulation of viroid-derived small RNAs (sRNAs) proposed to play a central role in disease symptom development. Here we report that PSTVd sRNAs direct RNA silencing in potato against StTCP23, a member of the TCP (teosinte branched1/Cycloidea/Proliferating cell factor) transcription factor family genes that play an important role in plant growth and development as well as hormonal regulation, especially in responses to gibberellic acid (GA). The StTCP23 transcript has 21-nucleotide sequence complementarity in its 3ʹ untranslated region with the virulence-modulating region (VMR) of PSTVd strain RG1, and was downregulated in PSTVd-infected potato plants. Analysis using 3ʹ RNA ligase-mediated rapid amplification of cDNA ends (3ʹ RLM RACE) confirmed cleavage of StTCP23 transcript at the expected sites within the complementarity with VMR-derived sRNAs. Expression of these VMR sRNA sequences as artificial miRNAs (amiRNAs) in transgenic potato plants resulted in phenotypes reminiscent of PSTVd-RG1-infected plants. Furthermore, the severity of the phenotypes displayed was correlated with the level of amiRNA accumulation and the degree of amiRNA-directed down-regulation of StTCP23. In addition, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of StTCP23 in potato also resulted in PSTVd-like phenotypes. Consistent with the function of TCP family genes, amiRNA lines in which StTCP23 expression was silenced showed a decrease in GA levels as well as alterations to the expression of GA biosynthesis and signaling genes previously implicated in tuber development. Application of GA to the amiRNA plants minimized the PSTVd-like phenotypes. Taken together, our results indicate that sRNAs derived from the VMR of PSTVd-RG1 direct silencing of StTCP23 expression, thereby disrupting the signaling pathways regulating GA metabolism and leading to plant stunting and formation of small and spindle-shaped tubers. Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) is a small RNA pathogen that causes severe pandemic diseases in potato. How this non-protein-coding RNA induces disease symptom development in potato is unknown, thereby hindering the development of effective control measures. Here we report the first evidence that PSTVd disease is caused by the silencing of StTCP23, a potato transcription factor encoding gene, by PSTVd-derived small-interfering RNA (siRNAs). Specifically, we demonstrate that 3ʹ untranslated region (UTR) region of StTCP23 mRNA contains a 21-nt sequence that is complementary to the virulence-modulating region (VMR) of PSTVd. Furthermore, we show that StTCP23 expression is repressed in PSTVd-infected potato, and this repression is accompanied by StTCP23 transcript cleavage within the identified region of complementary. In planta expression of VMR sequences as 21-nt artificial microRNAs (amiRNAs) or infection of potato plants with a virus-induced gene silencing vector containing a portion the StTCP23 coding sequence, results in reduced StTCP23 transcript abundance and the expression of PSTVd-like disease symptoms. Consistent with the predicted functional role of StTCP23 in regulating the gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis and signaling pathways, GA levels were reduced both in PSTVd-infected and amiRNA-expressing plants. Our results provide compelling evidence that StTCP23 positively regulates potato sprouting and tuber development via a GA-related mechanism, and that the disease symptoms that develop upon PSTVd infection result from silencing of StTCP23 by VMR-derived siRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarina Bao
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Robert A. Owens
- Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, USDA/ARS, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Qinghua Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Hui Song
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Andrew Leigh Eamens
- Centre for Plant Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Hao Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Hongzhi Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | | | - Ruofang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- * E-mail:
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Sun G, Feng C, Guo J, Zhang A, Xu Y, Wang Y, Day B, Ma Q. The tomato Arp2/3 complex is required for resistance to the powdery mildew fungus Oidium neolycopersici. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:2664-2680. [PMID: 31038756 PMCID: PMC7747227 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The actin-related protein 2/3 complex (Arp2/3 complex), a key regulator of actin cytoskeletal dynamics, has been linked to multiple cellular processes, including those associated with response to stress. Herein, the Solanum habrochaites ARPC3 gene, encoding a subunit protein of the Arp2/3 complex, was identified and characterized. ShARPC3 encodes a 174-amino acid protein possessing a conserved P21-Arc domain. Silencing of ShARPC3 resulted in enhanced susceptibility to the powdery mildew pathogen Oidium neolycopersici (On-Lz), demonstrating a role for ShARPC3 in defence signalling. Interestingly, a loss of ShARPC3 coincided with enhanced susceptibility to On-Lz, a process that we hypothesize is the result of a block in the activity of SA-mediated defence signalling. Conversely, overexpression of ShARPC3 in Arabidopsis thaliana, followed by inoculation with On-Lz, showed enhanced resistance, including the rapid induction of hypersensitive cell death and the generation of reactive oxygen. Heterologous expression of ShARPC3 in the arc18 mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (i.e., ∆arc18) resulted in complementation of stress-induced phenotypes, including high-temperature tolerance. Taken together, these data support a role for ShARPC3 in tomato through positive regulation of plant immunity in response to O. neolycopersici pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chanjing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ancheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yuanliu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Brad Day
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Qing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Anwar W, Javed MA, Shahid AA, Nawaz K, Akhter A, Ur Rehman MZ, Hameed U, Iftikhar S, Haider MS. Chitinase genes from Metarhizium anisopliae for the control of whitefly in cotton. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:190412. [PMID: 31598241 PMCID: PMC6731705 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Entomopathogenic fungi produces endochitianses, involved in the degradation of insect chitin to facilitate the infection process. Endochitinases (Chit1) gene of family 18 glycosyl hydrolyses were amplified, cloned and characterized from genomic DNA of two isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae. Catalytic motif of family 18 glycosyl hydrolyses was found in Chit1 of M. anisopliae, while no signal peptide was found in any isolate, whereas substrate-binding motif was found in Chit1 of both isolates. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the evolutionary relationship among the fungal chitinases of Metarhizium. The Chit1 amplified were closely related to the family 18 glycosyl hydrolyses. Transient expressions of Chit1 in cotton plants using Geminivirus-mediated gene silencing vector of Cotton Leaf Crumple Virus (CLCrV) revealed the chitinase activity of Chit1 genes amplified from both of the isolates of M. anisopliae when compared with the control. Transformed cotton plants were virulent against fourth instar nymphal and adult stages of Bemisia tabaci which resulted in the mortality of both fourth instar nymphal and adult B. tabaci. Thus, the fungal chitinases expressed in cotton plants played a vital role in plant defence against B. tabaci. However, further studies are required to explore the comparative effectiveness of chitinases from different fungal strains against economically important insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waheed Anwar
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asim Javed
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Ali Shahid
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Kiran Nawaz
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Akhter
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Usman Hameed
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sehrish Iftikhar
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Ortiz-Ramírez CI, Giraldo MA, Ferrándiz C, Pabón-Mora N. Expression and function of the bHLH genes ALCATRAZ and SPATULA in selected Solanaceae species. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:686-702. [PMID: 31009131 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The genetic mechanisms underlying fruit development have been identified in Arabidopsis and have been comparatively studied in tomato as a representative of fleshy fruits. However, comparative expression and functional analyses on the bHLH genes downstream the genetic network, ALCATRAZ (ALC) and SPATULA (SPT), which are involved in the formation of the dehiscence zone in Arabidopsis, have not been functionally studied in the Solanaceae. Here, we perform detailed expression and functional studies of ALC/SPT homologs in Nicotiana obtusifolia with capsules, and in Capsicum annuum and Solanum lycopersicum with berries. In Solanaceae, ALC and SPT genes are expressed in leaves, and all floral organs, especially in petal margins, stamens and carpels; however, their expression changes during fruit maturation according to the fruit type. Functional analyses show that downregulation of ALC/SPT genes does not have an effect on gynoecium patterning; however, they have acquired opposite roles in petal expansion and have been co-opted in leaf pigmentation in Solanaceae. In addition, ALC/SPT genes repress lignification in time and space during fruit development in Solanaceae. Altogether, some roles of ALC and SPT genes are different between Brassicaceae and Solanaceae; while the paralogs have undergone some subfunctionalization in the former they are mostly redundant in the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Inés Ortiz-Ramírez
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marco A Giraldo
- Instituto de Física, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Cristina Ferrándiz
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Li G, Zhao J, Qin B, Yin Y, An W, Mu Z, Cao Y. ABA mediates development-dependent anthocyanin biosynthesis and fruit coloration in Lycium plants. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:317. [PMID: 31307384 PMCID: PMC6631627 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1931-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthocyanins, which are colored pigments, have long been used as food and pharmaceutical ingredients due to their potential health benefits, but the intermediate signals through which environmental or developmental cues regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis remains poorly understood. Fleshy fruits have become a good system for studying the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis, and exploring the mechanism underlying pigment metabolism is valuable for controlling fruit ripening. RESULTS The present study revealed that ABA accumulated during Lycium fruit ripening, and this accumulation was positively correlated with the anthocyanin contents and the LbNCED1 transcript levels. The application of exogenous ABA and of the ABA biosynthesis inhibitor fluridon increased and decreased the content of anthocyanins in Lycium fruit, respectively. This is the first report to show that ABA promotes the accumulation of anthocyanins in Lycium fruits. The variations in the anthocyanin content were consistent with the variations in the expression of the genes encoding the MYB-bHLH-WD40 transcription factor complex or anthocyanin biosynthesis-related enzymes. Virus-induced LbNCED1 gene silencing significantly slowed fruit coloration and decreased both anthocyanin and ABA accumulation during Lycium fruit ripening. An qRT-PCR analysis showed that LbNCED1 gene silencing clearly reduced the transcript levels of both structural and regulatory genes in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results, a model of ABA-mediated development-dependent anthocyanin biosynthesis and fruit coloration during Lycium fruit maturation was proposed. In this model, the developmental cues transcriptionally activates LbNCED1 and thus enhances accumulation of the phytohormone ABA, and the accumulated ABA stimulates transcription of the MYB-bHLH-WD40 transcription factor complex to upregulate the expression of structural genes in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway and thereby promoting anthocyanin production and fruit coloration. Our results provide a valuable strategy that could be used in practice to regulate the ripening and quality of fresh fruit in medicinal and edible plants by modifying the phytohormone ABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Li
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002 China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002 China
| | - Beibei Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Yue Yin
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002 China
| | - Wei An
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002 China
| | - Zixin Mu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Youlong Cao
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002 China
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Li X, Sun Y, Liu N, Wang P, Pei Y, Liu D, Ma X, Ge X, Li F, Hou Y. Enhanced resistance to Verticillium dahliae mediated by an F-box protein GhACIF1 from Gossypium hirsutum. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 284:127-134. [PMID: 31084865 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Avr9/Cf-9-INDUCED F-BOX1 (ACIF1) was first identified during screening of Avr9/Cf-9-elicited genes in tobacco. Further analysis revealed that ACIF1 was required for hypersensitive responses triggered by various elicitors in tobacco and tomato, indicating that it may be involved in various disease resistance. Here, we cloned its cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) homolog GhACIF1, which encodes an F-box protein. We show that GhACIF1 interacts with the putative SKP1-like protein, named GhSKP1. Disease resistance assays show that GhACIF1 enhances resistance to Verticillium dahliae in Arabidopsis plants, while silencing of GhACIF1 confers sensitivity to V. dahliae in cotton. Further analysis show that PevD1 elicitor activates hypersensitive and acquired immune response mediated by GhACIF1. Collectively, these results indicate that GhACIF1 contributes to protection against V. dahliae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiancai Li
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yun Sun
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Nana Liu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yakun Pei
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Di Liu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaowen Ma
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoyang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Fuguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Yuxia Hou
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China.
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Gao Z, Li J, Luo M, Li H, Chen Q, Wang L, Song S, Zhao L, Xu W, Zhang C, Wang S, Ma C. Characterization and Cloning of Grape Circular RNAs Identified the Cold Resistance-Related Vv-circATS1. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 180:966-985. [PMID: 30962290 PMCID: PMC6548266 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are widely distributed and play essential roles in a series of developmental processes, although none have been identified or characterized in grapevines (Vitis vinifera). In this study, we characterized the function of grape circRNA and uncovered thousands of putative back-splicing sites by global transcriptome analysis. Our results indicated that several reported circRNA prediction algorithms should be used simultaneously to obtain comprehensive and reliable circRNA predictions in plants. Furthermore, the length of introns flanking grape circRNAs was closely related to exon circularization. Although the longer introns flanking grape circRNAs appeared to circularize more efficiently, a 20- to 50-nt region seemed large enough to drive grape circRNA biogenesis. In addition, the endogenous introns flanking circularized exon(s) in conjunction with reverse complementary sequences could support the accurate and efficient circularization of various exons in grape, which constitutes a new tool for exploring the functional consequences caused by circRNA expression. Finally, we identified 475 differentially expressed circRNAs in grape leaves under cold stress. Overexpression of Vv-circATS1, a circRNA derived from glycerol-3-P acyltransferase, improved cold tolerance in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), while the linear RNA derived from the same sequence cannot. These results indicate the functional difference between circRNA and linear RNA, and provide new insight into plant abiotic stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Gao
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuju Chen
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiren Song
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Zhao
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenping Xu
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Caixi Zhang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiping Wang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Agro-food Science and Technology/Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing Technology of Shandong, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Dommes AB, Gross T, Herbert DB, Kivivirta KI, Becker A. Virus-induced gene silencing: empowering genetics in non-model organisms. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:757-770. [PMID: 30452695 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is an RNA interference-based technology used to transiently knock down target gene expression by utilizing modified plant viral genomes. VIGS can be adapted to many angiosperm species that cover large phylogenetic distances, allowing the analysis of gene functions in species that are not amenable to stable genetic transformation. With a vast amount of sequence information already available and even more likely to become available in the future, VIGS provides a means to analyze the functions of candidate genes identified in large genomic or transcriptomic screens. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of target species and VIGS vector systems, assess recent key publications in the field, and explain how plant viruses are modified to serve as VIGS vectors. As many reports on the VIGS technique are being published, we also propose minimal reporting guidelines for carrying out these experiments, with the aim of increasing comparability between experiments. Finally, we propose methods for the statistical evaluation of phenotypic results obtained with VIGS-treated plants, as analysis is challenging due to the predominantly transient nature of the silencing effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Dommes
- Institute of Botany, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring, Gießen, Germany
| | - Thomas Gross
- Institute of Botany, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring, Gießen, Germany
| | - Denise B Herbert
- Institute of Botany, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring, Gießen, Germany
| | - Kimmo I Kivivirta
- Institute of Botany, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring, Gießen, Germany
| | - Annette Becker
- Institute of Botany, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring, Gießen, Germany
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Sui X, Zhao M, Han X, Zhao L, Xu Z. RrGT1, a key gene associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis, was isolated from Rosa rugosa and identified via overexpression and VIGS. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 135:19-29. [PMID: 30500515 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
At present, research on the flower color of Rosa rugosa requires very innovative and practical studies. Glycosylation plays an important role in increasing the stability and solubility of anthocyanins in plants. In this study, a gene with a full-length cDNA of 1161 bp encoding 386 amino acids, designated RrGT1 (MK034140), was isolated from the flowers of R. rugosa 'Zizhi' and then functionally characterized. Sequence alignment revealed that the coding regions of RrGT1 were highly specific among different species but still contained typical conserved amino acid residues that are crucial for RrGT1 enzyme activity. RrGT1 transcripts were detected in various tissues of R. rugosa 'Zizhi' and Rosa davurica, and their expression patterns corresponded with the accumulation of anthocyanins. Additionally, the in vivo function of RrGT1 was investigated via its overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing RrGT1 regained red color pigmentation of their leaves and flower stems, indicating that RrGT1 could encode a functional glycosyltransferase (GT) protein for anthocyanin biosynthesis and could function in other species. The functional verification of RrGT1 for anthocyanin biosynthesis in R. rugosa was performed via virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). This was the first time that a VIGS system was developed for use with perennial Rosa plants grown naturally in the field as experimental materials to study a key color-controlling gene in Rosa. When the RrGT1 gene was silenced, the Rosa plants displayed a pale petal color phenotype. The detection results showed that the expression of the endogenous RrGT1 gene was significantly downregulated while the six key structural genes in its upstream were normally expressed, and the contents of all anthocyanins also decreased significantly. Therefore, we speculated that glycosylation of RrGT1 plays a crucial role in anthocyanin biosynthesis in R. rugosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Sui
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Mingyuan Zhao
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Xu Han
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Lanyong Zhao
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Zongda Xu
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian, 271018, China.
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Sui X, Zhao M, Xu Z, Zhao L, Han X. RrGT2, A Key Gene Associated with Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Rosa rugosa, Was Identified Via Virus-Induced Gene Silencing and Overexpression. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E4057. [PMID: 30558205 PMCID: PMC6321322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a gene with a full-length cDNA of 1422 bp encoding 473 amino acids, designated RrGT2, was isolated from R. rugosa 'Zizhi' and then functionally characterized. RrGT2 transcripts were detected in various tissues and were proved that their expression patterns corresponded with anthocyanins accumulation. Functional verification of RrGT2 in R. rugosa was performed via VIGS. When RrGT2 was silenced, the Rosa plants displayed a pale petal color phenotype. The detection results showed that the expression of RrGT2 was significantly downregulated, which was consistent with the decrease of all anthocyanins; while the expression of six key upstream structural genes was normal. Additionally, the in vivo function of RrGT2 was investigated via its overexpression in tobacco. In transgenic tobacco plants expressing RrGT2, anthocyanin accumulation was induced in the flowers, indicating that RrGT2 could encode a functional GT protein for anthocyanin biosynthesis and could function in other species. The application of VIGS in transgenic tobacco resulted in the treated tobacco plants presenting flowers whose phenotypes were lighter in color than those of normal plants. These results also validated and affirmed previous conclusions. Therefore, we speculated that glycosylation of RrGT2 plays a crucial role in anthocyanin biosynthesis in R. rugosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Sui
- Flower Research Laboratory, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Mingyuan Zhao
- Flower Research Laboratory, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Zongda Xu
- Flower Research Laboratory, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Lanyong Zhao
- Flower Research Laboratory, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Xu Han
- Flower Research Laboratory, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
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Bedewitz MA, Jones AD, D'Auria JC, Barry CS. Tropinone synthesis via an atypical polyketide synthase and P450-mediated cyclization. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5281. [PMID: 30538251 PMCID: PMC6290073 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07671-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropinone is the first intermediate in the biosynthesis of the pharmacologically important tropane alkaloids that possesses the 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane core bicyclic structure that defines this alkaloid class. Chemical synthesis of tropinone was achieved in 1901 but the mechanism of tropinone biosynthesis has remained elusive. In this study, we identify a root-expressed type III polyketide synthase from Atropa belladonna (AbPYKS) that catalyzes the formation of 4-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)-3-oxobutanoic acid. This catalysis proceeds through a non-canonical mechanism that directly utilizes an unconjugated N-methyl-Δ1-pyrrolinium cation as the starter substrate for two rounds of malonyl-Coenzyme A mediated decarboxylative condensation. Subsequent formation of tropinone from 4-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)-3-oxobutanoic acid is achieved through cytochrome P450-mediated catalysis by AbCYP82M3. Silencing of AbPYKS and AbCYP82M3 reduces tropane levels in A. belladonna. This study reveals the mechanism of tropinone biosynthesis, explains the in planta co-occurrence of pyrrolidines and tropanes, and demonstrates the feasibility of tropane engineering in a non-tropane producing plant. Tropinone is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of tropane alkaloids. Here, the authors discovered the enzymes AbPYKS and AbCYP82M3, a non-canonical polyketide synthase and a cytochrome P450, that work sequentially to form tropinone from N-methyl-Δ1-pyrrolinium cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Bedewitz
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - A Daniel Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - John C D'Auria
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Cornelius S Barry
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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Wang B, Yang X, Wang Y, Xie Y, Zhou X. Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus V2 Interacts with Host Histone Deacetylase 6 To Suppress Methylation-Mediated Transcriptional Gene Silencing in Plants. J Virol 2018; 92:e00036-18. [PMID: 29950418 PMCID: PMC6146709 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00036-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosine DNA methylation is a conserved epigenetic silencing mechanism that defends against biotic stresses such as geminivirus infection. As a countermeasure, geminiviruses encode proteins that inhibit methylation and transcriptional gene silencing (TGS). Previous studies showed that V2 protein of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) functions as a TGS suppressor. However, how V2 mediates TGS suppression remains unknown. Here we show that V2 interacts directly with a Nicotiana benthamiana histone deacetylase 6 (NbHDA6), a homolog of Arabidopsis HDA6 (AtHDA6), known to be involved in gene silencing in cooperation with methyltransferase 1 (MET1). NbHDA6 genetically complemented a late-flowering phenotype and restored histone deacetylation of an AtHDA6 mutant. Furthermore, our investigation showed that NbHDA6 displayed histone deacetylase enzymatic activity, which was not inhibited by V2. Genetic analysis revealed that silencing of NbHDA6 expression resulted in enhanced susceptibility to TYLCV infection. In addition, methylation-sensitive PCR and bisulfite sequencing analysis showed that silencing of NbHDA6 expression caused reduced DNA methylation of the viral genome in infected plants. HDA6 was previously shown to recruit and physically interact with MET1 to function in gene silencing. Using competitive pulldown and coimmunoprecipitation assays, we demonstrated that V2 did not interact but competed with NbMET1 for direct binding to NbHDA6. These findings suggest that V2 interacts with host HDA6 and interferes with the recruitment of MET1 by HDA6, resulting in decreased methylation of the viral DNA genome by TGS with a concomitant increase in host susceptibility to TYLCV infection.IMPORTANCE Plants employ repressive viral genome methylation as an epigenetic defense against geminiviruses. In turn, geminiviruses encode proteins that inhibit methylation by TGS. Previous studies showed that TYLCV V2 can efficiently suppress TGS, but the mechanism remains unknown. We showed that V2 interacted with NbHDA6 but did not inhibit its enzymatic activity. As HDA6 is known to be involved in gene silencing in cooperation with MET1, we explored the relationship between V2, NbMET1, and NbHDA6. Our investigation showed that V2 did not interact but competed with NbMET1 for direct binding to NbHDA6. To our knowledge, this is the first report that viral proteins inhibit TGS by interacting with histone deacetylase but not by blocking the methyl cycle. This work provides an additional mechanism for TGS suppression by geminiviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuling Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Bally J, Jung H, Mortimer C, Naim F, Philips JG, Hellens R, Bombarely A, Goodin MM, Waterhouse PM. The Rise and Rise of Nicotiana benthamiana: A Plant for All Reasons. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2018; 56:405-426. [PMID: 30149789 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080417-050141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A decade ago, the value of Nicotiana benthamiana as a tool for plant molecular biologists was beginning to be appreciated. Scientists were using it to study plant-microbe and protein-protein interactions, and it was the species of choice with which to activate plasmid-encoded viruses, screen for gene functions with virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), and transiently express genes by leaf agroinfiltration. However, little information about the species' origin, diversity, genetics, and genomics was available, and biologists were asking the question of whether N. benthamiana is a second fiddle or virtuoso. In this review, we look at the increased knowledge about the species and its applications over the past decade. Although N. benthamiana may still be the sidekick to Arabidopsis, it shines ever more brightly with realized and yet-to-be-exploited potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bally
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, 4001 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Hyungtaek Jung
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, 4001 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Cara Mortimer
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, 4001 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Fatima Naim
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, 4001 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Joshua G Philips
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, 4001 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Roger Hellens
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, 4001 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Aureliano Bombarely
- Department of Horticulture, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0002, USA
| | - Michael M Goodin
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, USA;
| | - Peter M Waterhouse
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, 4001 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
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Ma J, Shen X, Liu Z, Zhang D, Liu W, Liang H, Wang Y, He Z, Chen F. Isolation and Characterization of AGAMOUS-Like Genes Associated With Double-Flower Morphogenesis in Kerria japonica (Rosaceae). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:959. [PMID: 30050547 PMCID: PMC6052346 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Double-flower phenotype is more popular and attractive in garden and ornamental plants. There is great interest in exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying the double-flower formation for further breeding and selection. Kerria japonica, a commercial ornamental shrub of the Rosaceae family, is considered an excellent system to determine the mechanisms of morphological alterations, because it naturally has a single-flower form and double-flower variant with homeotic conversion of stamens into petals and carpels into leaf-like carpels. In this study, Sf-KjAG (AGAMOUS homolog of single-flower K. japonica) and Df-KjAG (AGAMOUS homolog of double-flower K. japonica) were isolated and characterized as two AGAMOUS (AG) homologs that occur strictly in single- and double-flower K. japonica, respectively. Our sequence comparison showed that Df-KjAG is derived from ectopic splicing with the insertion of a 2411 bp transposon-like fragment, which might disrupt mRNA accumulation and protein function, into intron 1. Ectopic expression analysis in Arabidopsis revealed that Sf-KjAG is highly conserved in specifying carpel and stamen identities. However, Df-KjAG did not show any putative C-class function in floral development. Moreover, yeast-two-hybrid assays showed that Sf-KjAG can interact with KjAGL2, KjAGL9, and KjAP1, whereas Df-KjAG has lost interactions with these floral identity genes. In addition, loss-of-function of Df-KjAG affected not only its own expression, but also that of other putative floral organ identity genes such as KjAGL2, KjAGL9, KjAP1, KjAP2, KjAP3, and KjPI. In conclusion, our findings suggest that double-flower formation in K. japonica can be attributed to Df-KjAG, which appears to be a mutant produced by the insertion of a transposon-like fragment in the normal AG homolog (Sf-KjAG) of single-flower K. japonica. Highlights:Sf-KjAG and Df-KjAG are different variations only distinguished by a transposon-like fragment insertion which lead to the evolutionary transformation from single-flower to double-flowers morphogenesis in Kerria japonica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU)/Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Forestry College, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangling Shen
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU)/Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Zhixiong Liu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Dechun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU)/Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU)/Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Hongwei Liang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU)/Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yubing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU)/Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Zhengquan He
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU)/Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Faju Chen
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU)/Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
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Gao Z, Li Q, Li J, Chen Y, Luo M, Li H, Wang J, Wu Y, Duan S, Wang L, Song S, Xu W, Zhang C, Wang S, Ma C. Characterization of the ABA Receptor VlPYL1 That Regulates Anthocyanin Accumulation in Grape Berry Skin. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:592. [PMID: 29868057 PMCID: PMC5968127 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
ABA plays a crucial role in controlling several ripening-associated processes in grape berries. The soluble proteins named as PYR (pyrabactin resistant)/PYL (PYR-like)/RCAR (regulatory component of ABA receptor) family have been characterized as ABA receptors. Here, the function of a grape PYL1 encoding gene involved in the response to ABA was verified through heterologous expression. The expression level of VlPYL1 was highest in grape leaf and fruit tissues of the cultivar Kyoho, and the expression of VlPYL1 was increased during fruit development and showed a reduction in ripe berries. Over-expression of VlPYL1 enhances ABA sensitivity in Arabidopsis. Using the transient overexpression technique, the VlPYL1 gene was over-expressed in grape berries. Up-regulation of the VlPYL1 gene not only promoted anthocyanin accumulation but also induced a set of ABA-responsive gene transcripts, including ABF2 and BG3. Although tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-induced gene silencing (VIGS) was not successfully applied in the "Kyoho" grape, the application of the transient overexpression technique in grape fruit could be used as a novel tool for studying grape fruit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Gao
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujin Chen
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiyuan Wang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yusen Wu
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyan Duan
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiren Song
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenping Xu
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Caixi Zhang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiping Wang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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48
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Li K, Xiong X, Zhu S, Liao H, Xiao X, Tang Z, Hong Y, Li C, Luo L, Zheng L, Niu X, Chen Y. MeBIK1, a novel cassava receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase, regulates PTI response of transgenic Arabidopsis. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2018; 45:658-667. [PMID: 32290967 DOI: 10.1071/fp17192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cassava bacterial blight is the most destructive disease in cassava, causing a significant reduction in its production. The innate immunity response, which has a broad spectrum and a persistent effect, is the basal defence of plants in response to pathogens. Isolation and identification of innate immune-related genes in cassava will contribute to understanding the disease resistance mechanism. In Arabidopsis, the receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase (RLCK) AtBIK1 is known to be an important signal mediator in pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) response, forming a signal complex from various receptors including the flagellin receptor FLS2, the chitin receptor CERK1 and the receptor for bacterial EF-Tu EFR (Zhang et al. 2010). In the present study, we selected a candidate receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase gene, MeBIK1, from the cassava genome. MeBIK1 encodes a 409 amino acid polypeptide comprising a typical serine/threonine protein kinase domain, and is located on the cell membrane. MeBIK1 gene expression was significantly increased upon stimulation with flagellin (flg22) and peaked at 1h. In vitro genetic complementation experiment showed that MeBIK1 complemented the reduced pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) response in Arabidopsis bik1 mutant. Arabidopsis MeBIK1 overexpression lines OX1 demonstrated a strong resistance to Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis HN01, whereas its sensitivity to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 was enhanced. The peak level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst was reached in different Arabidopsis plants (bik1, OX1 and wild type) at 12min after induction with flg22. However, the OX1 showed significantly higher ROS levels than the control and mutant, whereas the lowest level of ROS burst was found in the bik1 mutant. These results indicate that cassava MeBIK1 has a similar function as Arabidopsis AtBIK1 and improves disease resistance in transgenic Arabidopsis by regulating the PTI response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Xiong
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Shousong Zhu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Hualan Liao
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorong Xiao
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijuan Tang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhui Hong
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxia Li
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Luo
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Zheng
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Niu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinhua Chen
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China
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49
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Senthil‐Kumar M, Wang M, Chang J, Ramegowda V, del Pozo O, Liu Y, Doraiswamy V, Lee H, Ryu C, Wang K, Xu P, Van Eck J, Chakravarthy S, Dinesh‐Kumar SP, Martin GB, Mysore KS. Virus-induced gene silencing database for phenomics and functional genomics in Nicotiana benthamiana. PLANT DIRECT 2018; 2:e00055. [PMID: 31245720 PMCID: PMC6508541 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is an important forward and reverse genetics method for the study of gene function in many plant species, especially Nicotiana benthamiana. However, despite the widespread use of VIGS, a searchable database compiling the phenotypes observed with this method is lacking. Such a database would allow researchers to know the phenotype associated with the silencing of a large number of individual genes without experimentation. We have developed a VIGS phenomics and functional genomics database (VPGD) that has DNA sequence information derived from over 4,000 N. benthamiana VIGS clones along with the associated silencing phenotype for approximately 1,300 genes. The VPGD has a built-in BLAST search feature that provides silencing phenotype information of specific genes. In addition, a keyword-based search function could be used to find a specific phenotype of interest with the corresponding gene, including its Gene Ontology descriptions. Query gene sequences from other plant species that have not been used for VIGS can also be searched for their homologs and silencing phenotype in N. benthamiana. VPGD is useful for identifying gene function not only in N. benthamiana but also in related Solanaceae plants such as tomato and potato. The database is accessible at http://vigs.noble.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthappa Senthil‐Kumar
- Noble Research InstituteArdmoreOklahoma
- National Institute of Plant Genome ResearchNew DelhiIndia
| | | | | | | | - Olga del Pozo
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant ResearchIthacaNew York
- Present address:
Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y FotosíntesisUniversidad de Sevilla/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasAvda Américo Vespucio 4941092SevillaSpain
| | - Yule Liu
- Department of Plant Biology and the Genome CenterCollege of Biological SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCalifornia
| | | | | | - Choong‐Min Ryu
- Noble Research InstituteArdmoreOklahoma
- Present address:
Molecular Phytobacteriology LaboratoryKRIBBDaejeon305‐806South Korea
| | - Keri Wang
- Noble Research InstituteArdmoreOklahoma
| | - Ping Xu
- Noble Research InstituteArdmoreOklahoma
| | - Joyce Van Eck
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant ResearchIthacaNew York
| | | | - Savithramma P. Dinesh‐Kumar
- Department of Plant Biology and the Genome CenterCollege of Biological SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCalifornia
| | - Gregory B. Martin
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant ResearchIthacaNew York
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant‐Microbe BiologySchool of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNew York
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50
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Wang Y, Xu Y, Sun Y, Wang H, Qi J, Wan B, Ye W, Lin Y, Shao Y, Dong S, Tyler BM, Wang Y. Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like gene screen reveals that Nicotiana RXEG1 regulates glycoside hydrolase 12 MAMP detection. Nat Commun 2018; 9:594. [PMID: 29426870 PMCID: PMC5807360 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of innate immunity by membrane-localized receptors is conserved across eukaryotes. Plant genomes contain hundreds of such receptor-like genes and those encoding proteins with an extracellular leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain represent the largest family. Here, we develop a high-throughput approach to study LRR receptor-like genes on a genome-wide scale. In total, 257 tobacco rattle virus-based constructs are generated to target 386 of the 403 identified LRR receptor-like genes in Nicotiana benthamiana for silencing. Using this toolkit, we identify the LRR receptor-like protein Response to XEG1 (RXEG1) that specifically recognizes the glycoside hydrolase 12 protein XEG1. RXEG1 associates with XEG1 via the LRR domain in the apoplast and forms a complex with the LRR receptor-like kinases BAK1 and SOBIR1 to transduce the XEG1-induced defense signal. Thus, this genome-wide silencing assay is demonstrated to be an efficient toolkit to pinpoint new immune receptors, which will contribute to developing durable disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanpeng Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Yujing Sun
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Huibin Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaming Qi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Bowen Wan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenwu Ye
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Yachun Lin
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shao
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Suomeng Dong
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Brett M Tyler
- Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing and Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Yuanchao Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), 210095, Nanjing, China.
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