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Zhang C, Xiong AT, Ren MY, Zhao YY, Huang MJ, Huang LC, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Zheng QQ, Fan J, Guan JJ, Yang ZN. An epigenetically mediated double negative cascade from EFD to HB21 regulates anther development. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7796. [PMID: 39242635 PMCID: PMC11379828 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52114-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are crucial for plant development. EFD (Exine Formation Defect) encodes a SAM-dependent methyltransferase that is essential for the pollen wall pattern formation and male fertility in Arabidopsis. In this study, we find that the expression of DRM2, a de novo DNA methyltransferase in plants, complements for the defects in efd, suggesting its potential de novo DNA methyltransferase activity. Genetic analysis indicates that EFD functions through HB21, as the knockout of HB21 fully restores fertility in efd mutants. DNA methylation and histone modification analyses reveal that EFD represses the transcription of HB21 through epigenetic mechanisms. Additionally, we demonstrate that HB21 directly represses the expression of genes crucial for pollen formation and anther dehiscence, including CalS5, RPG1/SWEET8, CYP703A2 and NST2. Collectively, our findings unveil a double negative regulatory cascade mediated by epigenetic modifications that coordinates anther development, offering insights into the epigenetic regulation of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ao-Tong Xiong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Yi Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Yun Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min-Jia Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Long-Cheng Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan-Quan Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Fan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Jing Guan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong-Nan Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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Zhao W, Guo C, Yao W, Zhang L, Ding Y, Yang Z, Lin S. Comparative phylogenomic analyses and co-expression gene network reveal insights in flowering time and aborted meiosis in woody bamboo, Bambusa oldhamii 'Xia Zao' ZSX. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1023240. [PMID: 36438131 PMCID: PMC9681927 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1023240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Woody bamboos have peculiar flowering characteristics with intervals ranging from several years to more than 100 years. Elucidating flowering time and reproductive development in bamboo could be beneficial for both humans and wildlife. To identity the mechanisms responsible for flowering time and embryo abortion in Bambusa oldhamii 'Xia Zao' ZSX, a transcriptome sequencing project was initiated to characterize the genes involved in developing flowers in this bamboo species. Morphological studies showed that pollen abortion in this bamboo species was mainly caused by a delay in tapetum degradation and abnormal meiotic process. Differential expression (DE) and optimized hierarchical clustering analyses identified three of nine gene expression clusters with decreasing expression at the meiosis of flowering stages. Together with enriched Gene Ontology Biological Process terms for meiosis, this suggests that their expression pattern may be associated with aborted meiosis in B. oldhamii 'Xia Zao'. Moreover, our large-scale phylogenomic analyses comparing meiosis-related transcripts of B. oldhamii 'Xia Zao' with well annotated genes in 22 representative angiosperms and sequence evolution analyses reveal two core meiotic genes NO EXINE FORMATION 1 (NFE1) and PMS1 with nonsense mutations in their coding regions, likely providing another line of evidence supporting embryo abortion in B. oldhamii 'Xia Zao'. Similar analyses, however, reveal conserved sequence evolution in flowering pathways such as LEAFY (LFY) and FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). Seventeen orthogroups associated with flowering were identified by DE analyses between nonflowering and flowering culm buds. Six regulators found primarily in several connected network nodes of the photoperiod pathway were confirmed by mapping to the flowering time network in rice, such as Heading date (Hd3a) and Rice FT-like 1 (RFT1) which integrate upstream signaling into the downstream effectors. This suggests the existence of an intact photoperiod pathway is likely the key regulators that switch on/off flowering in B. oldhamii 'Xia Zao'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqi Zhao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Bamboo Research Institute, College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunce Guo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Forestry College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenjing Yao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Bamboo Research Institute, College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Bamboo Research Institute, College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yulong Ding
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Bamboo Research Institute, College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Yang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies (SIAIS), ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyan Lin
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Bamboo Research Institute, College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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bHLH010/089 Transcription Factors Control Pollen Wall Development via Specific Transcriptional and Metabolic Networks in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911683. [PMID: 36232985 PMCID: PMC9570398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The pollen wall is a specialized extracellular cell wall that protects male gametophytes from various environmental stresses and facilitates pollination. Here, we reported that bHLH010 and bHLH089 together are required for the development of the pollen wall by regulating their specific downstream transcriptional and metabolic networks. Both the exine and intine structures of bhlh010 bhlh089 pollen grains were severely defective. Further untargeted metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed that the accumulation of pollen wall morphogenesis-related metabolites, including polysaccharides, glyceryl derivatives, and flavonols, were significantly changed, and the expression of such metabolic enzyme-encoding genes and transporter-encoding genes related to pollen wall morphogenesis was downregulated in bhlh010 bhlh089 mutants. Among these downstream target genes, CSLB03 is a novel target with no biological function being reported yet. We found that bHLH010 interacted with the two E-box sequences at the promoter of CSLB03 and directly activated the expression of CSLB03. The cslb03 mutant alleles showed bhlh010 bhlh089–like pollen developmental defects, with most of the pollen grains exhibiting defective pollen wall structures.
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4
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Ma H, Wu Y, Lv R, Chi H, Zhao Y, Li Y, Liu H, Ma Y, Zhu L, Guo X, Kong J, Wu J, Xing C, Zhang X, Min L. Cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenase CYP703A2 plays a central role in sporopollenin formation and ms5ms6 fertility in cotton. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:2009-2025. [PMID: 35929662 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The double-recessive genic male-sterile (ms) line ms5 ms6 has been used to develop cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) hybrids for many years, but its molecular-genetic basis has remained unclear. Here, we identified the Ms5 and Ms6 loci through map-based cloning and confirmed their function in male sterility through CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. Ms5 and Ms6 are highly expressed in stages 7-9 anthers and encode the cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenases CYP703A2-A and CYP703A2-D. The ms5 mutant carries a single-nucleotide C-to-T nonsense mutation leading to premature chain termination at amino acid 312 (GhCYP703A2-A312aa ), and ms6 carries three nonsynonymous substitutions (D98E, E168K, and G198R) and a synonymous mutation (L11L). Enzyme assays showed that GhCYP703A2 proteins hydroxylate fatty acids, and the ms5 (GhCYP703A2-A312aa ) and ms6 (GhCYP703A2-DD98E,E168K,G198R ) mutant proteins have decreased enzyme activities. Biochemical and lipidomic analyses showed that in ms5 ms6 plants, C12-C18 free fatty acid and phospholipid levels are significantly elevated in stages 7-9 anthers, while stages 8-10 anthers lack sporopollenin fluorescence around the pollen, causing microspore degradation and male sterility. Overall, our characterization uncovered functions of GhCYP703A2 in sporopollenin formation and fertility, providing guidance for creating male-sterile lines to facilitate hybrid cotton production and therefore exploit heterosis for improvement of cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuanlong Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ruiling Lv
- College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, China
| | - Huabin Chi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yanlong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yizan Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Longfu Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaoping Guo
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jie Kong
- Institute of Economic Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinjiang, 830091, China
| | - Jianyong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Chaozhu Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ling Min
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Yin W, Yang H, Wang Y, Feng P, Deng Y, Zhang L, He G, Wang N. Oryza sativa PECTIN DEFECTIVE TAPETUM1 affects anther development through a pectin-mediated signaling pathway in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:1570-1586. [PMID: 35511278 PMCID: PMC9237691 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Galacturonosyltransferase (GalAT) is required for the synthesis of pectin, an important component of plant cell walls that is also involved in signal transduction. Here, we describe the rice (Oryza sativa) male-sterile mutant O. sativa pectin-defective tapetum1 (ospdt1), in which GalAT is mutated. The ospdt1 mutant exhibited premature programmed cell death (PCD) of the tapetum and disordered pollen walls, resulting in aborted pollen grains. Pectin distribution in the anther sac was comparable between the mutant and the wild-type, suggesting that the structural pectin was not dramatically affected in ospdt1. Wall-associated kinases are necessary for the signal transduction of pectin, and the intracellular distribution of O. sativa indica WALL-ASSOCIATED KINASE1 (OsiWAK1), which binds pectic polysaccharides to its extracellular domain, was affected in ospdt1. OsiWAK1 RNA interference lines exhibited earlier tapetal PCD, similar to ospdt1. Furthermore, overexpression of OsiWAK1 in ospdt1 lines partially rescued the defects observed in ospdt1, suggesting that OsiWAK1 plays pivotal roles in the function of OsPDT1. These results suggest that the mutation of OsPDT1 does not dramatically affect structural pectin but affects components of the pectin-mediated signaling pathway, such as OsiWAK1, and causes male sterility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuzhong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hongxia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yantong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ping Feng
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yao Deng
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lisha Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guanghua He
- Author for correspondence: (G.H.) and (N.W.)
| | - Nan Wang
- Author for correspondence: (G.H.) and (N.W.)
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Wu Y, Li X, Li Y, Ma H, Chi H, Ma Y, Yang J, Xie S, Zhang R, Liu L, Su X, Lv R, Khan AH, Kong J, Guo X, Lindsey K, Min L, Zhang X. Degradation of de-esterified pctin/homogalacturonan by the polygalacturonase GhNSP is necessary for pollen exine formation and male fertility in cotton. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:1054-1068. [PMID: 35114063 PMCID: PMC9129075 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The pollen wall exine provides a protective layer for the male gametophyte and is largely composed of sporopollenin, which comprises fatty acid derivatives and phenolics. However, the biochemical nature of the external exine is poorly understood. Here, we show that the male sterile line 1355A of cotton mutated in NO SPINE POLLEN (GhNSP) leads to defective exine formation. The GhNSP locus was identified through map-based cloning and confirmed by genetic analysis (co-segregation test and allele prediction using the CRISPR/Cas9 system). In situ hybridization showed that GhNSP is highly expressed in tapetum. GhNSP encodes a polygalacturonase protein homologous to AtQRT3, which suggests a function for polygalacturonase in pollen exine formation. These results indicate that GhNSP is functionally different from AtQRT3, the latter has the function of microspore separation. Biochemical analysis showed that the percentage of de-esterified pectin was significantly increased in the 1355A anthers at developmental stage 8. Furthermore, immunofluorescence studies using antibodies to the de-esterified and esterified homogalacturonan (JIM5 and JIM7) showed that the Ghnsp mutant exhibits abundant of de-esterified homogalacturonan in the tapetum and exine, coupled with defective exine formation. The characterization of GhNSP provides new understanding of the role of polygalacturonase and de-esterified homogalacturonan in pollen exine formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlong Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Xiao Li
- College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Yanlong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Huanhuan Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Huabin Chi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Yizan Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Jing Yang
- Institute of Economic CropsXinjiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesXinjiangChina
| | - Sai Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Rui Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Linying Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Xiaojun Su
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Rongjie Lv
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Aamir Hamid Khan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Jie Kong
- Institute of Economic CropsXinjiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesXinjiangChina
| | - Xiaoping Guo
- College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | | | - Ling Min
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
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Mi L, Mo A, Yang J, Liu H, Ren D, Chen W, Long H, Jiang N, Zhang T, Lu P. Arabidopsis Novel Microgametophyte Defective Mutant 1 Is Required for Pollen Viability via Influencing Intine Development in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:814870. [PMID: 35498668 PMCID: PMC9039731 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.814870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The pollen intine layer is necessary for male fertility in flowering plants. However, the mechanisms behind the developmental regulation of intine formation still remain largely unknown. Here, we identified a positive regulator, Arabidopsis novel microgametophyte defective mutant 1 (AtNMDM1), which influences male fertility by regulating intine formation. The AtNMDM1, encoding a pollen nuclei-localized protein, was highly expressed in the pollens at the late anther stages, 10-12. Both the mutations and the knock-down of AtNMDM1 resulted in pollen defects and significantly lowered the seed-setting rates. Genetic transmission analysis indicated that AtNMDM1 is a microgametophyte lethal gene. Calcofluor white staining revealed that abnormal cellulose distribution was present in the aborted pollen. Ultrastructural analyses showed that the abnormal intine rather than the exine led to pollen abortion. We further found, using transcriptome analysis, that cell wall modification was the most highly enriched gene ontology (GO) term used in the category of biological processes. Notably, two categories of genes, Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) and pectin methylesterases (PMEs) were greatly reduced, which were associated with pollen intine formation. In addition, we also identified another regulator, AtNMDM2, which interacted with AtNMDM1 in the pollen nuclei. Taken together, we identified a novel regulator, AtNMDM1 that affected cellulose distribution in the intine by regulating intine-related gene expression; furthermore, these results provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of pollen intine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Mi
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aowei Mo
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiange Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding Ren
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanli Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifei Long
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Pingli Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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8
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Zhang C, Ren MY, Han WJ, Zhang YF, Huang MJ, Wu SY, Huang J, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Yang ZN. Slow development allows redundant genes to restore the fertility of rpg1, a TGMS line in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:1375-1385. [PMID: 34905264 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Slow development has been shown to be a general mechanism to restore the fertility of thermo-sensitive and photoperiod-sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS and PGMS) lines in Arabidopsis. rpg1 is a TGMS line defective in primexine, which is essential for pollen wall pattern formation. Here, we showed that RPG1-GFP was highly expressed in microsporocytes, microspores, and pollen grains but not in the tapetum in the complemented transgenic line, suggesting that microsporocytes are the main sporophytic cells for primexine formation. Further cytological observations showed that primexine formation in rpg1 was partially restored under slow growth conditions, leading to its fertility restoration. RPG2 is the homolog of RPG1 in Arabidopsis. We revealed that the fertility recovery of rpg1 rpg2 was significantly reduced compared with that of rpg1 under low temperature. The RPG2-GFP protein was also expressed in microsporocytes in the RPG2-GFP (WT) transgenic line. These results suggest that RPG2 plays a redundant role in rpg1 fertility restoration. rpg1 plants were male sterile at the early growth stage, while their fertility was partially restored at the late developmental stage. The fertility of the rpg1 lateral branches was also partially restored. Further growth analysis showed that slow growth at the late reproductive stage or on the lateral branches led to fertility restoration. This work reveals the importance of gene redundancy in fertility restoration for TGMS lines and provides further insight into pollen wall pattern formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Yi Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Jian Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Fei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Min-Jia Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Si-Yuan Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong-Nan Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
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9
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Shim SH, Mahong B, Lee SK, Kongdin M, Lee C, Kim YJ, Qu G, Zhang D, Ketudat Cairns JR, Jeon JS. Rice β-glucosidase Os12BGlu38 is required for synthesis of intine cell wall and pollen fertility. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:784-800. [PMID: 34570888 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glycoside hydrolase family1 β-glucosidases play a variety of roles in plants, but their in planta functions are largely unknown in rice (Oryza sativa). In this study, the biological function of Os12BGlu38, a rice β-glucosidase, expressed in bicellular to mature pollen, was examined. Genotype analysis of progeny of the self-fertilized heterozygous Os12BGlu38 T-DNA mutant, os12bglu38-1, found no homozygotes and a 1:1 ratio of wild type to heterozygotes. Reciprocal cross analysis demonstrated that Os12BGlu38 deficiency cannot be inherited through the male gamete. In cytological analysis, the mature mutant pollen appeared shrunken and empty. Histochemical staining and TEM showed that mutant pollen lacked intine cell wall, which was rescued by introduction of wild-type Os12BGlu38 genomic DNA. Metabolite profiling analysis revealed that cutin monomers and waxes, the components of the pollen exine layer, were increased in anthers carrying pollen of os12bglu38-1 compared with wild type and complemented lines. Os12BGlu38 fused with green fluorescent protein was localized to the plasma membrane in rice and tobacco. Recombinant Os12BGlu38 exhibited β-glucosidase activity on the universal substrate p-nitrophenyl β-d-glucoside and some oligosaccharides and glycosides. These findings provide evidence that function of a plasma membrane-associated β-glucosidase is necessary for proper intine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hyeon Shim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Bancha Mahong
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Sang-Kyu Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Manatchanok Kongdin
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, and Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Chanhui Lee
- Department of Plant and Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Life Science and Environmental Biochemistry, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Guorun Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - James R Ketudat Cairns
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, and Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Jong-Seong Jeon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
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10
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Shi QS, Lou Y, Shen SY, Wang SH, Zhou L, Wang JJ, Liu XL, Xiong SX, Han Y, Zhou HS, Huang XH, Wang S, Zhu J, Yang ZN. A cellular mechanism underlying the restoration of thermo/photoperiod-sensitive genic male sterility. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:2104-2114. [PMID: 34464765 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
During anther development, the transformation of the microspore into mature pollen occurs under the protection of first the tetrad wall and later the pollen wall. Mutations in genes involved in this wall transition often lead to microspore rupture and male sterility; some such mutants, such as the reversible male sterile (rvms) mutant, are thermo/photoperiod-sensitive genic male sterile (P/TGMS) lines. Previous studies have shown that slow development is a general mechanism of P/TGMS fertility restoration. In this study, we identified restorer of rvms-2 (res2), which is an allele of QUARTET 3 (QRT3) encoding a polygalacturonase that shows delayed degradation of the tetrad pectin wall. We found that MS188, a tapetum-specific transcription factor essential for pollen wall formation, can activate QRT3 expression for pectin wall degradation, indicating a non-cell-autonomous pathway involved in the regulation of the cell wall transition. Further assays showed that a delay in degradation of the tetrad pectin wall is responsible for the fertility restoration of rvms and other P/TGMS lines, whereas early expression of QRT3 eliminates low temperature restoration of rvms-2 fertility. Taken together, these results suggest a likely cellular mechanism of fertility restoration in P/TGMS lines, that is, slow development during the cell wall transition of P/TGMS microspores may reduce the requirement for their wall protection and thus support their development into functional pollens, leading to restored fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang-Sheng Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China; College of Resources & Environment, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332005, China
| | - Yue Lou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Shi-Yi Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Sheng-Hong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Xing-Lu Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Shuang-Xi Xiong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yu Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Hai-Sheng Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Xue-Hui Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Shui Wang
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China.
| | - Zhong-Nan Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China; Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China.
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11
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Wang R, Owen HA, Dobritsa AA. Dynamic changes in primexine during the tetrad stage of pollen development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:2393-2404. [PMID: 34890458 PMCID: PMC8644823 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Formation of pollen wall exine is preceded by the development of several transient layers of extracellular materials deposited on the surface of developing pollen grains. One such layer is primexine (PE), a thin, ephemeral structure that is present only for a short period of time and is difficult to visualize and study. Recent genetic studies suggested that PE is a key factor in the formation of exine, making it critical to understand its composition and the dynamics of its formation. In this study, we used high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted samples of developing Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) pollen for a detailed transmission electron microscopy analysis of the PE ultrastructure throughout the tetrad stage of pollen development. We also analyzed anthers from wild-type Arabidopsis and three mutants defective in PE formation by immunofluorescence, carefully tracing several carbohydrate epitopes in PE and nearby anther tissues during the tetrad and the early free-microspore stages. Our analyses revealed likely sites where these carbohydrates are produced and showed that the distribution of these carbohydrates in PE changes significantly during the tetrad stage. We also identified tools for staging tetrads and demonstrate that components of PE undergo changes resembling phase separation. Our results indicate that PE behaves like a much more dynamic structure than has been previously appreciated and clearly show that Arabidopsis PE creates a scaffolding pattern for formation of reticulate exine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Center for Applied Plant Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Heather A Owen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, USA
| | - Anna A Dobritsa
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Center for Applied Plant Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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12
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Zhu RM, Li M, Li SW, Liang X, Li S, Zhang Y. Arabidopsis ADP-RIBOSYLATION FACTOR-A1s mediate tapetum-controlled pollen development. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:268-280. [PMID: 34309928 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Propagation of angiosperms mostly relies on sexual reproduction, in which gametophytic development is a pre-requisite. Male gametophytic development requires both gametophytic and sporophytic factors, most importantly early secretion and late programmed cell death of the tapetum. In addition to transcriptional factors, proteins at endomembrane compartments, such as receptor-like kinases and vacuolar proteases, control tapetal function. The cellular machinery that regulates their distribution is beginning to be revealed. We report here that ADP-RIBOSYLATION FACTOR-A1s (ArfA1s) are critical for tapetum-controlled pollen development. All six ArfA1s in the Arabidopsis genome are expressed during anther development, among which ArfA1b is specific to the tapetum and developing microspores. Although the ArfA1b loss-of-function mutant showed no pollen defects, probably due to redundancy, interference with ArfA1s by a dominant negative approach in the tapetum resulted in tapetal dysfunction and pollen abortion. We further showed that all six ArfA1s are associated with the Golgi and the trans-Golgi network/early endosome, suggesting that they have roles in regulating post-Golgi trafficking to the plasma membrane or to vacuoles. Indeed, we demonstrated that the expression of ArfA1bDN interfered with the targeting of proteins critical for tapetal development. The results presented here demonstrate a key role of ArfA1s in tapetum-controlled pollen development by mediating protein targeting through post-Golgi trafficking routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Min Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Shan-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xin Liang
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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13
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Roodt D. Pollen protection: TEX2 plays an important role in the formation of pollen grain exine. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:9-11. [PMID: 34618156 PMCID: PMC8418443 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Roodt
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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14
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Wang R, Dobritsa AA. Loss of THIN EXINE2 disrupts multiple processes in the mechanism of pollen exine formation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:133-157. [PMID: 34618131 PMCID: PMC8418410 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Exine, the sporopollenin-based outer layer of the pollen wall, forms through an unusual mechanism involving interactions between two anther cell types: developing pollen and tapetum. How sporopollenin precursors and other components required for exine formation are delivered from tapetum to pollen and assemble on the pollen surface is still largely unclear. Here, we characterized an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant, thin exine2 (tex2), which develops pollen with abnormally thin exine. The TEX2 gene (also known as REPRESSOR OF CYTOKININ DEFICIENCY1 (ROCK1)) encodes a putative nucleotide-sugar transporter localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. Tapetal expression of TEX2 is sufficient for proper exine development. Loss of TEX2 leads to the formation of abnormal primexine, lack of primary exine elements, and subsequent failure of sporopollenin to correctly assemble into exine structures. Using immunohistochemistry, we investigated the carbohydrate composition of the tex2 primexine and found it accumulates increased amounts of arabinogalactans. Tapetum in tex2 accumulates prominent metabolic inclusions which depend on the sporopollenin polyketide biosynthesis and transport and likely correspond to a sporopollenin-like material. Even though such inclusions have not been previously reported, we show mutations in one of the known sporopollenin biosynthesis genes, LAP5/PKSB, but not in its paralog LAP6/PKSA, also lead to accumulation of similar inclusions, suggesting separate roles for the two paralogs. Finally, we show tex2 tapetal inclusions, as well as synthetic lethality in the double mutants of TEX2 and other exine genes, could be used as reporters when investigating genetic relationships between genes involved in exine formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Center for Applied Plant Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Anna A. Dobritsa
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Center for Applied Plant Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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15
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Ma X, Wu Y, Zhang G. Formation pattern and regulatory mechanisms of pollen wall in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 260:153388. [PMID: 33706055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In angiosperms, mature pollen is wrapped by a pollen wall, which is important for maintaining pollen structure and function. Pollen walls provide protection from various environmental stresses and preserve pollen germination and pollen tube growth. The pollen wall structure has been described since pollen ultrastructure investigations began in the 1960s. Pollen walls, which are the most intricate cell walls in plants, are composed of two layers: the exine layer and intine layer. Pollen wall formation is a complex process that occurs via a series of biological events that involve a large number of genes. In recent years, many reports have described the molecular mechanisms of pollen exine development. The formation process includes the development of the callose wall, the wavy morphology of primexine, the biosynthesis and transport of sporopollenin in the tapetum, and the deposition of the pollen coat. The formation mechanism of the intine layer is different from that of the exine layer. However, few studies have focused on the regulatory mechanisms of intine development. The primary component of the intine layer is pectin, which plays an essential role in the polar growth of pollen tubes. Demethylesterified pectin is mainly distributed in the shank region of the pollen tube, which can maintain the hardness of the pollen tube wall. Methylesterified pectin is mainly located in the top region, which is beneficial for improving the plasticity of the pollen tube top. In this review, we summarize the developmental process of the anther, pollen and pollen wall in Arabidopsis; furthermore, we describe the research progress on the pollen wall formation pattern and its molecular mechanisms in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Genfa Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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16
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Xu XF, Qian XX, Wang KQ, Yu YH, Guo YY, Zhao X, Wang B, Yang NY, Huang JR, Yang ZN. Slowing Development Facilitates Arabidopsis mgt Mutants to Accumulate Enough Magnesium for Pollen Formation and Fertility Restoration. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:621338. [PMID: 33552112 PMCID: PMC7854698 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.621338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is an abundant and important cation in cells. Plants rely on Mg transporters to take up Mg from the soil, and then Mg is transported to anthers and other organs. Here, we showed that MGT6+/- plants display reduced fertility, while mgt6 plants are fertile. MGT6 is expressed in the anther at the early stages. Pollen mitosis and intine formation are impaired in aborted pollen grains (PGs) of MGT6+/- plants, which is similar to the defective pollen observed in mgt5 and mgt9 mutants. These results suggest that Mg deficiency leads to pollen abortion in MGT6+/- plants. Our data showed that mgt6 organs including buds develop significantly slower and mgt6 stamens accumulate a higher level of Mg, compared with wild-type (WT) and MGT6+/- plants. These results indicate that slower bud development allows mgt6 to accumulate sufficient amounts of Mg in the pollen, explaining why mgt6 is fertile. Furthermore, we found that mgt6 can restore fertility of mgt5, which has been reported to be male sterile due to defects in Mg transport from the tapetum to microspores and that an additional Mg supply can restore its fertility. Interestingly, mgt5 fertility is recovered when grown under short photoperiod conditions, which is a well-known factor regulating plant fertility. Taken together, these results demonstrate that slow development is a general mechanism to restore mgts fertility, which allows other redundant magnesium transporter (MGT) members to transport sufficient Mg for pollen formation.
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17
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Li H, Kim YJ, Yang L, Liu Z, Zhang J, Shi H, Huang G, Persson S, Zhang D, Liang W. Grass-Specific EPAD1 Is Essential for Pollen Exine Patterning in Rice. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:3961-3977. [PMID: 33093144 PMCID: PMC7721331 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The highly variable and species-specific pollen surface patterns are formed by sporopollenin accumulation. The template for sporopollenin deposition and polymerization is the primexine that appears on the tetrad surface, but the mechanism(s) by which primexine guides exine patterning remain elusive. Here, we report that the Poaceae-specific EXINE PATTERN DESIGNER 1 (EPAD1), which encodes a nonspecific lipid transfer protein, is required for primexine integrity and pollen exine patterning in rice (Oryza sativa). Disruption of EPAD1 leads to abnormal exine pattern and complete male sterility, although sporopollenin biosynthesis is unaffected. EPAD1 is specifically expressed in male meiocytes, indicating that reproductive cells exert genetic control over exine patterning. EPAD1 possesses an N-terminal signal peptide and three redundant glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor sites at its C terminus, segments required for its function and localization to the microspore plasma membrane. In vitro assays indicate that EPAD1 can bind phospholipids. We propose that plasma membrane lipids bound by EPAD1 may be involved in recruiting and arranging regulatory proteins in the primexine to drive correct exine deposition. Our results demonstrate that EPAD1 is a meiocyte-derived determinant that controls primexine patterning in rice, and its orthologs may play a conserved role in the formation of grass-specific exine pattern elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- HuanJun Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Life Science and Environmental Biochemistry, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Liu Yang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ze Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Haotian Shi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guoqiang Huang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Staffan Persson
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Department for Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wanqi Liang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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18
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Zhang C, Xu T, Ren MY, Zhu J, Shi QS, Zhang YF, Qi YW, Huang MJ, Song L, Xu P, Yang ZN. Slow Development Restores the Fertility of Photoperiod-Sensitive Male-Sterile Plant Lines. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 184:923-932. [PMID: 32796091 PMCID: PMC7536676 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Photoperiod- and thermosensitive genic male sterility (P/TGMS) lines are widely used in crop breeding. The fertility conversion of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) TGMS lines including cals5-2, which is defective in callose wall formation, relies on slow development under low temperatures. In this study, we discovered that cals5-2 also exhibits PGMS. Fertility of cals5-2 was restored when pollen development was slowed under short-day photoperiods or low light intensity, suggesting that slow development restores the fertility of cals5-2 under these conditions. We found that several other TGMS lines with defects in pollen wall formation also exhibited PGMS characteristics. This similarity indicates that slow development is a general mechanism of PGMS fertility restoration. Notably, slow development also underlies the fertility recovery of TGMS lines. Further analysis revealed the pollen wall features during the formation of functional pollens of these P/TGMS lines under permissive conditions. We conclude that slow development is a general mechanism for fertility restoration of P/TGMS lines and allows these plants to take different strategies to overcome pollen formation defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Te Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Meng-Yi Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Qiang-Sheng Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Ya-Fei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yi-Wen Qi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Min-Jia Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Lei Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Zhong-Nan Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
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19
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Radja A. Pollen wall patterns as a model for biological self-assembly. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2020; 336:629-641. [PMID: 32991047 PMCID: PMC9292386 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.23005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We are still far from being able to predict organisms' shapes purely from their genetic codes. While it is imperative to identify which encoded macromolecules contribute to a phenotype, determining how macromolecules self-assemble independently of the genetic code may be equally crucial for understanding shape development. Pollen grains are typically single-celled microgametophytes that have decorated walls of various shapes and patterns. The accumulation of morphological data and a comprehensive understanding of the wall development makes this system ripe for mathematical and physical modeling. Therefore, pollen walls are an excellent system for identifying both the genetic products and the physical processes that result in a huge diversity of extracellular morphologies. In this piece, I highlight the current understanding of pollen wall biology relevant for quantification studies and enumerate the modellable aspects of pollen wall patterning and specific approaches that one may take to elucidate how pollen grains build their beautifully patterned walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asja Radja
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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20
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Ren L, Zhao T, Zhang L, Du G, Shen Y, Tang D, Li Y, Luo Q, Cheng Z. Defective Microspore Development 1 is required for microspore cell integrity and pollen wall formation in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:1446-1459. [PMID: 32391618 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Highly coordinated pollen wall patterning is essential for male reproductive development. Here, we report the identification of Defective Microspore Development 1 (DMD1), which encodes a nuclear-localized protein possessing transactivation activity. DMD1 is preferentially expressed in the tapetum and microspores during post-meiotic development. Mutations in DMD1 cause a male-sterile phenotype with impaired microspore cell integrity. The mutants display abnormal callose degradation, accompanied by inhibited primexine thickening in the newly released microspores. Several genes associated with callose degradation and primexine formation are downregulated in dmd1 anthers. In addition, irregular Ubisch body morphology and discontinuous endexine occur, and the baculum is completely absent in dmd1. DMD1 interacts with Tapetum Degeneration Retardation (TDR), a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor required for exine formation. Taken together, our results suggest that DMD1 is responsible for microspore cell integrity, primexine formation and exine pattern formation during Oryza sativa (rice) microspore development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Ren
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Guijie Du
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yi Shen
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ding Tang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yafei Li
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qiong Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Zhukuan Cheng
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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21
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Liang X, Li SW, Gong LM, Li S, Zhang Y. COPII Components Sar1b and Sar1c Play Distinct Yet Interchangeable Roles in Pollen Development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 183:974-985. [PMID: 32327549 PMCID: PMC7333728 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of pollen is a prerequisite for double fertilization in angiosperms. Coat protein complex II (COPII) mediates anterograde transport of vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi. Components of the COPII complex have been reported to regulate either sporophytic or gametophytic control of pollen development. The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome encodes five Sar1 isoforms, the small GTPases essential for COPII formation. By using a dominant negative approach, Sar1 isoforms were proposed to have distinct cargo specificity despite their sequence similarity. Here, we examined the functions of three Sar1 isoforms through analysis of transfer DNA insertion mutants and CRISPR/Cas9-generated mutants. We report that functional loss of Sar1b caused malfunction of tapetum, leading to male sterility. Ectopic expression of Sar1c could compensate for Sar1b loss of function in sporophytic control of pollen development, suggesting that they are interchangeable. Functional distinction between Sar1b and Sar1c may have resulted from their different gene transcription levels based on expression analyses. On the other hand, Sar1b and Sar1c redundantly mediate male gametophytic development such that the sar1b;sar1c microspores aborted at anther developmental stage 10. This study uncovers the role of Sar1 isoforms in both sporophytic and gametophytic control of pollen development. It also suggests that distinct functions of Sar1 isoforms may be caused by their distinct transcription programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Shan-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Li-Min Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
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22
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NERD1 is required for primexine formation and plasma membrane undulation during microsporogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 1:205-218. [DOI: 10.1007/s42994-020-00022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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23
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Xiong SX, Zeng QY, Hou JQ, Hou LL, Zhu J, Yang M, Yang ZN, Lou Y. The temporal regulation of TEK contributes to pollen wall exine patterning. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008807. [PMID: 32407354 PMCID: PMC7252695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollen wall consists of several complex layers which form elaborate species-specific patterns. In Arabidopsis, the transcription factor ABORTED MICROSPORE (AMS) is a master regulator of exine formation, and another transcription factor, TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT SILENCING VIA AT-HOOK (TEK), specifies formation of the nexine layer. However, knowledge regarding the temporal regulatory roles of TEK in pollen wall development is limited. Here, TEK-GFP driven by the AMS promoter was prematurely expressed in the tapetal nuclei, leading to complete male sterility in the pAMS:TEK-GFP (pat) transgenic lines with the wild-type background. Cytological observations in the pat anthers showed impaired callose synthesis and aberrant exine patterning. CALLOSE SYNTHASE5 (CalS5) is required for callose synthesis, and expression of CalS5 in pat plants was significantly reduced. We demonstrated that TEK negatively regulates CalS5 expression after the tetrad stage in wild-type anthers and further discovered that premature TEK-GFP in pat directly represses CalS5 expression through histone modification. Our findings show that TEK flexibly mediates its different functions via different temporal regulation, revealing that the temporal regulation of TEK is essential for exine patterning. Moreover, the result that the repression of CalS5 by TEK after the tetrad stage coincides with the timing of callose wall dissolution suggests that tapetum utilizes temporal regulation of genes to stop callose wall synthesis, which, together with the activation of callase activity, achieves microspore release and pollen wall patterning. To develop into mature pollen grains, microspores require formation of the pollen wall. To date, pollen wall developmental events, including production and transportation of pollen wall components, synthesis and degradation of the callose wall, and deposition and demixing of primexine, have been studied in Arabidopsis, and a number of anther- or tapetum-specific genes involved in pollen wall formation have been uncovered. However, whether the specific expression patterns of these genes contribute to pollen wall development or patterning remains unclear. Here, we show that TEK, a transcription factor that specifies formation of nexine (the inner layer of the pollen wall exine), represses the expression of the callose synthase CalS5 after the tetrad stage, which accurately fits with the timing of callose wall dissolution causing microspore release. Moreover, we show that premature expression of TEK in the wild-type anthers disturbs callose wall synthesis and pollen wall patterning. This work reveals that a pollen wall regulator must be kept under a strict temporal control to perform its functions, and that these temporal controls are coordinated with other pollen wall developmental events to determine pollen wall formation and patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Xi Xiong
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiu-Ye Zeng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Qiao Hou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling-Li Hou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong-Nan Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Lou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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24
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Milner MJ, Craze M, Bowden S, Bates R, Wallington EJ, Keeling A. Identification of genes involved in male sterility in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) which could be used in a genic hybrid breeding system. PLANT DIRECT 2020; 4:e00201. [PMID: 32181421 PMCID: PMC7063588 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is grown on more land than any other crop in the world. Current estimates suggest that yields will have to increase sixty percent by 2050 to meet the demand of an ever-increasing human population; however, recent wheat yield gains have lagged behind other major crops such as rice and maize. One of the reasons suggested for the lag in yield potential is the lack of a robust hybrid system to harness the potential yield gains associated with heterosis, also known as hybrid vigor. Here, we set out to identify candidate genes for a genic hybrid system in wheat and characterize their function in wheat using RNASeq on stamens and carpels undergoing meiosis. Twelve genes were identified as potentially playing a role in pollen viability. CalS5- and RPG1-like genes were identified as pre- and post-meiotic genes for further characterization and to determine their role in pollen viability. It appears that all three homoeologues of both CalS5 and RPG1 are functional in wheat as all three homoeologues need to be knocked out in order to cause male sterility. However, one functional homoeologue is sufficient to maintain male fertility in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ruth Bates
- The John Bingham LaboratoryNIABCambridgeUK
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25
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Mondol PC, Xu D, Duan L, Shi J, Wang C, Chen X, Chen M, Hu J, Liang W, Zhang D. Defective Pollen Wall 3 (DPW3), a novel alpha integrin-like protein, is required for pollen wall formation in rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:807-822. [PMID: 31486533 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In flowering plants, pollen wall is a specialized extracellular cell-wall matrix surrounding male gametophytes and acts as a natural protector of pollen grains against various environmental and biological stresses. The formation of pollen wall is a complex but well-regulated process, which involves the action of many different genes. However, the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying this process remain largely unknown. In this study, we isolated and characterized a novel rice male sterile mutant, defective pollen wall3 (dpw3), which displays smaller and paler anthers with aborted pollen grains. DPW3 encodes a novel membrane-associated alpha integrin-like protein conserved in land plants. DPW3 is ubiquitously expressed in anther developmental stages and its protein is localized to the plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi. Anthers of dpw3 plants exhibited unbalanced anther cuticular profile, abnormal Ubisch bodies, disrupted callose deposition, defective pollen wall formation such as abnormal microspore plasma membrane undulation and defective primexine formation, resulting in pollen abortion and complete male sterility. Our findings revealed a novel and vital role of alpha integrin-like proteins in plant male reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palash Chandra Mondol
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University - University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Dawei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University - University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lei Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University - University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jianxin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University - University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Canhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University - University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University - University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Mingjiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University - University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jianping Hu
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Plant Biology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Wanqi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University - University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University - University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia, 5064, Australia
- Systems Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, South Korea
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26
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Yang Z, Sun L, Zhang P, Zhang Y, Yu P, Liu L, Abbas A, Xiang X, Wu W, Zhan X, Cao L, Cheng S. TDR INTERACTING PROTEIN 3, encoding a PHD-finger transcription factor, regulates Ubisch bodies and pollen wall formation in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:844-861. [PMID: 31021015 PMCID: PMC6852570 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Male reproductive development involves a complex series of biological events and precise transcriptional regulation is essential for this biological process in flowering plants. Several transcriptional factors have been reported to regulate tapetum and pollen development, however the transcriptional mechanism underlying Ubisch bodies and pollen wall formation remains less understood. Here, we characterized and isolated a male sterility mutant of TDR INTERACTING PROTEIN 3 (TIP3) in rice. The tip3 mutant displayed smaller and pale yellow anthers without mature pollen grains, abnormal Ubisch body morphology, no pollen wall formation, as well as delayed tapetum degeneration. Map-based cloning demonstrated that TIP3 encodes a conserved PHD-finger protein and further study confirmed that TIP3 functioned as a transcription factor with transcriptional activation activity. TIP3 is preferentially expressed in the tapetum and microspores during anther development. Moreover, TIP3 can physically interact with TDR, which is a key component of the transcriptional cascade in regulating tapetum development and pollen wall formation. Furthermore, disruption of TIP3 changed the expression of several genes involved in tapetum development and degradation, biosynthesis and transport of lipid monomers of sporopollenin in tip3 mutant. Taken together, our results revealed an unprecedented role for TIP3 in regulating Ubisch bodies and pollen exine formation, and presents a potential tool to manipulate male fertility for hybrid rice breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfu Yang
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research & State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou310006China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Lianping Sun
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research & State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou310006China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research & State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou310006China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research & State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou310006China
| | - Ping Yu
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research & State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou310006China
| | - Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research & State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou310006China
| | - Adil Abbas
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research & State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou310006China
| | - Xiaojiao Xiang
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research & State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou310006China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Weixun Wu
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research & State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou310006China
| | - Xiaodeng Zhan
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research & State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou310006China
| | - Liyong Cao
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research & State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou310006China
| | - Shihua Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research & State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou310006China
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27
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Wu Y, Li Y, Li Y, Ma Y, Zhao Y, Wang C, Chi H, Chen M, Ding Y, Guo X, Min L, Zhang X. Proteomic analysis reveals that sugar and fatty acid metabolisms play a central role in sterility of the male-sterile line 1355A of cotton. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:7057-7067. [PMID: 30862676 PMCID: PMC6497933 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is one of the most important economic crops and exhibits yield-improving heterosis in specific hybrid combinations. The genic male-sterility system is the main strategy used for producing heterosis in cotton. To better understand the mechanisms of male sterility in cotton, we carried out two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and label-free quantitative proteomics analysis in the anthers of two near-isogenic lines, the male-sterile line 1355A and the male-fertile line 1355B. We identified 39 and 124 proteins that were significantly differentially expressed between these two lines in the anthers at the tetrad stage (stage 7) and uninucleate pollen stage (stage 8), respectively. Gene ontology-based analysis revealed that these differentially expressed proteins were mainly associated with pyruvate, carbohydrate, and fatty acid metabolism. Biochemical analysis revealed that in the anthers of line 1355A, glycolysis was activated, which was caused by a reduction in fructose, glucose, and other soluble sugars, and that accumulation of acetyl-CoA was increased along with a significant increase in C14:0 and C18:1 free fatty acids. However, the activities of pyruvate dehydrogenase and fatty acid biosynthesis were inhibited and fatty acid β-oxidation was activated at the translational level in 1355A. We speculate that in the 1355A anther, high rates of glucose metabolism may promote fatty acid synthesis to enable anther growth. These results provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of genic male sterility in upland cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlong Wu
- From the National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and
| | - Yanlong Li
- From the National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and
| | - Yaoyao Li
- From the National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and
| | - Yizan Ma
- From the National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- From the National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and
| | - Chaozhi Wang
- From the National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and
| | - Huabin Chi
- From the National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and
| | - Miao Chen
- From the National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and
| | - Yuanhao Ding
- From the National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and
| | - Xiaoping Guo
- the College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ling Min
- From the National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and
| | - XianLong Zhang
- From the National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and
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28
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Shen X, Xu L, Liu Y, Dong H, Zhou D, Zhang Y, Lin S, Cao J, Huang L. Comparative transcriptome analysis and ChIP-sequencing reveals stage-specific gene expression and regulation profiles associated with pollen wall formation in Brassica rapa. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:264. [PMID: 30943898 PMCID: PMC6446297 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5637-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genic male sterility (GMS) line is an important approach to utilize heterosis in Brassica rapa, one of the most widely cultivated vegetable crops in Northeast Asia. However, the molecular genetic mechanisms of GMS remain to be largely unknown. Results Detailed phenotypic observation of ‘Bcajh97-01A/B’, a B. rapa genic male sterile AB line in this study revealed that the aberrant meiotic cytokinesis and premature tapetal programmed cell death occurring in the sterile line ultimately resulted in microspore degeneration and pollen wall defect. Further gene expression profile of the sterile and fertile floral buds of ‘Bcajh97-01A/B’ at five typical developmental stages during pollen development supported the result of phenotypic observation and identified stage-specific genes associated with the main events associated with pollen wall development, including tapetum development or functioning, callose metabolism, pollen exine formation and cell wall modification. Additionally, by using ChIP-sequencing, the genomic and gene-level distribution of trimethylated histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) and H3K27 were mapped on the fertile floral buds, and a great deal of pollen development-associated genes that were covalently modified by H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 were identified. Conclusions Our study provids a deeper understanding into the gene expression and regulation network during pollen development and pollen wall formation in B. rapa, and enabled the identification of a set of candidate genes for further functional annotation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5637-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Shen
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture / Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Liai Xu
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture / Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture / Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Heng Dong
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture / Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture / Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuzhi Zhang
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture / Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Sue Lin
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Jiashu Cao
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture / Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Li Huang
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture / Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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29
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Wan X, Wu S, Li Z, Dong Z, An X, Ma B, Tian Y, Li J. Maize Genic Male-Sterility Genes and Their Applications in Hybrid Breeding: Progress and Perspectives. MOLECULAR PLANT 2019; 12:321-342. [PMID: 30690174 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most important crops, maize not only has been a source of the food, feed, and industrial feedstock for biofuel and bioproducts, but also became a model plant system for addressing fundamental questions in genetics. Male sterility is a very useful trait for hybrid vigor utilization and hybrid seed production. The identification and characterization of genic male-sterility (GMS) genes in maize and other plants have deepened our understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling anther and pollen development, and enabled the development and efficient use of many biotechnology-based male-sterility (BMS) systems for crop hybrid breeding. In this review, we summarize main advances on the identification and characterization of GMS genes in maize, and construct a putative regulatory network controlling maize anther and pollen development by comparative genomic analysis of GMS genes in maize, Arabidopsis, and rice. Furthermore, we discuss and appraise the features of more than a dozen BMS systems for propagating male-sterile lines and producing hybrid seeds in maize and other plants. Finally, we provide our perspectives on the studies of GMS genes and the development of novel BMS systems in maize and other plants. The continuous exploration of GMS genes and BMS systems will enhance our understanding of molecular regulatory networks controlling male fertility and greatly facilitate hybrid vigor utilization in breeding and field production of maize and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyuan Wan
- Biology and Agriculture Research Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China.
| | - Suowei Wu
- Biology and Agriculture Research Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Ziwen Li
- Biology and Agriculture Research Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Zhenying Dong
- Biology and Agriculture Research Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Xueli An
- Biology and Agriculture Research Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Biao Ma
- Biology and Agriculture Research Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Youhui Tian
- Biology and Agriculture Research Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Jinping Li
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
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30
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Tan C, Liu Z, Huang S, Feng H. Mapping of the male sterile mutant gene ftms in Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis via BSR-Seq combined with whole-genome resequencing. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2019; 132:355-370. [PMID: 30382313 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-018-3223-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A male sterile mutant was created by 60Co γ-rays of microspores isolated from Chinese cabbage DH line 'FT'. A candidate gene for the male sterile trait was identified as Bra010198. Male sterility is used for hybrid seed production in Chinese cabbage. In this study, we derived a male sterile mutant (ftms) from Chinese cabbage DH line 'FT' by irradiating microspores with 60Co γ-rays and realized the rapid trait transformation from male fertility to sterility for creating valuable breeding materials. Genetic analysis indicated that the male sterile trait is controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene, ftms. Microspore development in mutant ftms was aborted at the tetrad stage and associated with severely retarded degeneration and vacuolation of tapetum. Using BSR-seq analysis, the candidate region for ftms was mapped on chromosome A05. A large F2 population was created, and the region was narrowed to approximately 1.7-Mb between markers Indel20 and Indel14 via linkage analysis. The recombination frequency was extremely suppressed because the region was located on the chromosome A05 centromere. Whole-genome resequencing of mutant ftms and wild-type 'FT' aligned only one nonsynonymous SNP to Bra010198; this gene is a homolog of Arabidopsis KNS4/UPEX1, which encodes a putative β-(1,3)-galactosyltransferase that controls pollen exine development. Comparative sequencing verified the SNP position on the fifth exon of Bra010198 in mutant ftms. Further genotyping revealed that the male sterile phenotype was fully co-segregated with this SNP. Quantitative real-time PCR indicated that Bra0101918 specifically expressed in stamen. The data presented herein suggested that Bra010198 is a strong candidate gene for ftms. Hence, we developed a male sterile line for potential application in breeding and expanded the knowledge about the molecular mechanism underlying male sterility in Chinese cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Tan
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding for Cruciferous Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding for Cruciferous Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengnan Huang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding for Cruciferous Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Feng
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding for Cruciferous Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China.
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Yao X, Tian L, Yang J, Zhao YN, Zhu YX, Dai X, Zhao Y, Yang ZN. Auxin production in diploid microsporocytes is necessary and sufficient for early stages of pollen development. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007397. [PMID: 29813066 PMCID: PMC5993292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gametophytic development in Arabidopsis depends on nutrients and cell wall materials from sporophytic cells. However, it is not clear whether hormones and signaling molecules from sporophytic tissues are also required for gametophytic development. Herein, we show that auxin produced by the flavin monooxygenases YUC2 and YUC6 in the sporophytic microsporocytes is essential for early stages of pollen development. The first asymmetric mitotic division (PMI) of haploid microspores is the earliest event in male gametophyte development. Microspore development in yuc2yuc6 double mutants arrests before PMI and consequently yuc2yuc6 fail to produce viable pollens. Our genetic analyses reveal that YUC2 and YUC6 act as sporophytic genes for pollen formation. We further show that ectopic production of auxin in tapetum, which provides nutrients for pollen development, fails to rescue the sterile phenotypes of yuc2yuc6. In contrast, production of auxin in either microsporocytes or microspores rescued the defects of pollen development in yuc2yuc6 double mutants. Our results demonstrate that local auxin biosynthesis in sporophytic microsporocytic cells and microspore controls male gametophyte development during the generation transition from sporophyte to male gametophyte. Plant life cycle alternates between the diploid sporophyte generation and the haploid gametophyte generation. Understanding the molecular mechanisms governing the generation alternation impacts fundamental plant biology and plant breeding. It is known that the development of haploid generation in vascular plants requires the diploid tapetum cells to supply nutrients. Here we show that the male gametophyte (haploid) development in Arabidopsis requires auxin produced in the diploid microsporocytic cells. Moreover, we show that auxin produced in microsporocytic cells and microspore is also sufficient to support normal development of the haploid microspores. This work demonstrates that Arabidopsis uses two different diploid cell types to supply growth hormone and nutrients for the growth of the haploid generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Yao
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Tian
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Yang
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Na Zhao
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Xiu Zhu
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinhua Dai
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Yunde Zhao
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YZ); (ZNY)
| | - Zhong-Nan Yang
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (YZ); (ZNY)
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Liu Z, Lin S, Shi J, Yu J, Zhu L, Yang X, Zhang D, Liang W. Rice No Pollen 1 (NP1) is required for anther cuticle formation and pollen exine patterning. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 91:263-277. [PMID: 28378445 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Angiosperm male reproductive organs (anthers and pollen grains) have complex and interesting morphological features, but mechanisms that underlie their patterning are poorly understood. Here we report the isolation and characterization of a male sterile mutant of No Pollen 1 (NP1) in rice (Oryza sativa). The np1-4 mutant exhibited smaller anthers with a smooth cuticle surface, abnormal Ubisch bodies, and aborted pollen grains covered with irregular exine. Wild-type exine has two continuous layers; but np1-4 exine showed a discontinuous structure with large granules of varying size. Chemical analysis revealed reduction in most of the cutin monomers in np1-4 anthers, and less cuticular wax. Map-based cloning suggested that NP1 encodes a putative glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductase; and expression analyses found NP1 preferentially expressed in the tapetal layer from stage 8 to stage 10 of anther development. Additionally, the expression of several genes involved in biosynthesis and in the transport of lipid monomers of sporopollenin and cutin was decreased in np1-4 mutant anthers. Taken together, these observations suggest that NP1 is required for anther cuticle formation, and for patterning of Ubisch bodies and the exine. We propose that products of NP1 are likely important metabolites in the development of Ubisch bodies and pollen exine, necessary for polymerization, assembly, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Sen Lin
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lu Zhu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiujuan Yang
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Wanqi Liang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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Suzuki T, Narciso JO, Zeng W, van de Meene A, Yasutomi M, Takemura S, Lampugnani ER, Doblin MS, Bacic A, Ishiguro S. KNS4/UPEX1: A Type II Arabinogalactan β-(1,3)-Galactosyltransferase Required for Pollen Exine Development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 173:183-205. [PMID: 27837085 PMCID: PMC5210738 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Pollen exine is essential for protection from the environment of the male gametes of seed-producing plants, but its assembly and composition remain poorly understood. We previously characterized Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants with abnormal pollen exine structure and morphology that we named kaonashi (kns). Here we describe the identification of the causal gene of kns4 that was found to be a member of the CAZy glycosyltransferase 31 gene family, identical to UNEVEN PATTERN OF EXINE1, and the biochemical characterization of the encoded protein. The characteristic exine phenotype in the kns4 mutant is related to an abnormality of the primexine matrix laid on the surface of developing microspores. Using light microscopy with a combination of type II arabinogalactan (AG) antibodies and staining with the arabinogalactan-protein (AGP)-specific β-Glc Yariv reagent, we show that the levels of AGPs in the kns4 microspore primexine are considerably diminished, and their location differs from that of wild type, as does the distribution of pectin labeling. Furthermore, kns4 mutants exhibit reduced fertility as indicated by shorter fruit lengths and lower seed set compared to the wild type, confirming that KNS4 is critical for pollen viability and development. KNS4 was heterologously expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana, and was shown to possess β-(1,3)-galactosyltransferase activity responsible for the synthesis of AG glycans that are present on both AGPs and/or the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I. These data demonstrate that defects in AGP/pectic glycans, caused by disruption of KNS4 function, impact pollen development and viability in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiya Suzuki
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (T.S., M.Y., S.T., S.I.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia (J.O.N., W.Z., A.v.d.M., E.R.L., M.S.D., A.B.)
| | - Joan Oñate Narciso
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (T.S., M.Y., S.T., S.I.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia (J.O.N., W.Z., A.v.d.M., E.R.L., M.S.D., A.B.)
| | - Wei Zeng
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (T.S., M.Y., S.T., S.I.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia (J.O.N., W.Z., A.v.d.M., E.R.L., M.S.D., A.B.)
| | - Allison van de Meene
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (T.S., M.Y., S.T., S.I.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia (J.O.N., W.Z., A.v.d.M., E.R.L., M.S.D., A.B.)
| | - Masayuki Yasutomi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (T.S., M.Y., S.T., S.I.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia (J.O.N., W.Z., A.v.d.M., E.R.L., M.S.D., A.B.)
| | - Shunsuke Takemura
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (T.S., M.Y., S.T., S.I.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia (J.O.N., W.Z., A.v.d.M., E.R.L., M.S.D., A.B.)
| | - Edwin R Lampugnani
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (T.S., M.Y., S.T., S.I.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia (J.O.N., W.Z., A.v.d.M., E.R.L., M.S.D., A.B.)
| | - Monika S Doblin
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (T.S., M.Y., S.T., S.I.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia (J.O.N., W.Z., A.v.d.M., E.R.L., M.S.D., A.B.)
| | - Antony Bacic
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (T.S., M.Y., S.T., S.I.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia (J.O.N., W.Z., A.v.d.M., E.R.L., M.S.D., A.B.)
| | - Sumie Ishiguro
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (T.S., M.Y., S.T., S.I.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia (J.O.N., W.Z., A.v.d.M., E.R.L., M.S.D., A.B.)
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34
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Yu J, Meng Z, Liang W, Behera S, Kudla J, Tucker MR, Luo Z, Chen M, Xu D, Zhao G, Wang J, Zhang S, Kim YJ, Zhang D. A Rice Ca2+ Binding Protein Is Required for Tapetum Function and Pollen Formation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 172:1772-1786. [PMID: 27663411 PMCID: PMC5100779 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In flowering plants, successful male reproduction requires the sophisticated interaction between somatic anther wall layers and reproductive cells. Timely degradation of the innermost tissue of the anther wall layer, the tapetal layer, is critical for pollen development. Ca2+ is a well-known stimulus for plant development, but whether it plays a role in affecting male reproduction remains elusive. Here we report a role of Defective in Exine Formation 1 (OsDEX1) in rice (Oryza sativa), a Ca2+ binding protein, in regulating rice tapetal cell degradation and pollen formation. In osdex1 anthers, tapetal cell degeneration is delayed and degradation of the callose wall surrounding the microspores is compromised, leading to aborted pollen formation and complete male sterility. OsDEX1 is expressed in tapetal cells and microspores during early anther development. Recombinant OsDEX1 is able to bind Ca2+ and regulate Ca2+ homeostasis in vitro, and osdex1 exhibited disturbed Ca2+ homeostasis in tapetal cells. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that OsDEX1 may have a conserved function in binding Ca2+ in flowering plants, and genetic complementation of pollen wall defects of an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) dex1 mutant confirmed its evolutionary conservation in pollen development. Collectively, these findings suggest that OsDEX1 plays a fundamental role in the development of tapetal cells and pollen formation, possibly via modulating the Ca2+ homeostasis during pollen development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (J.Y., Z.M., W.L., Z.L., M.C., D.X., G.Z., J.W., S.Z., Y.-J.K., D.Z.)
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, 48149 Münster, Germany (J.K.); Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.K)
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, 700 032 West Bengal, India (S.B.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia (M.R.T., D.Z.)
| | - Zhaolu Meng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (J.Y., Z.M., W.L., Z.L., M.C., D.X., G.Z., J.W., S.Z., Y.-J.K., D.Z.)
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, 48149 Münster, Germany (J.K.); Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.K)
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, 700 032 West Bengal, India (S.B.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia (M.R.T., D.Z.)
| | - Wanqi Liang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (J.Y., Z.M., W.L., Z.L., M.C., D.X., G.Z., J.W., S.Z., Y.-J.K., D.Z.)
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, 48149 Münster, Germany (J.K.); Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.K)
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, 700 032 West Bengal, India (S.B.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia (M.R.T., D.Z.)
| | - Smrutisanjita Behera
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (J.Y., Z.M., W.L., Z.L., M.C., D.X., G.Z., J.W., S.Z., Y.-J.K., D.Z.)
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, 48149 Münster, Germany (J.K.); Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.K)
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, 700 032 West Bengal, India (S.B.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia (M.R.T., D.Z.)
| | - Jörg Kudla
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (J.Y., Z.M., W.L., Z.L., M.C., D.X., G.Z., J.W., S.Z., Y.-J.K., D.Z.)
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, 48149 Münster, Germany (J.K.); Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.K)
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, 700 032 West Bengal, India (S.B.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia (M.R.T., D.Z.)
| | - Matthew R Tucker
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (J.Y., Z.M., W.L., Z.L., M.C., D.X., G.Z., J.W., S.Z., Y.-J.K., D.Z.)
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, 48149 Münster, Germany (J.K.); Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.K)
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, 700 032 West Bengal, India (S.B.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia (M.R.T., D.Z.)
| | - Zhijing Luo
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (J.Y., Z.M., W.L., Z.L., M.C., D.X., G.Z., J.W., S.Z., Y.-J.K., D.Z.)
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, 48149 Münster, Germany (J.K.); Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.K)
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, 700 032 West Bengal, India (S.B.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia (M.R.T., D.Z.)
| | - Mingjiao Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (J.Y., Z.M., W.L., Z.L., M.C., D.X., G.Z., J.W., S.Z., Y.-J.K., D.Z.)
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, 48149 Münster, Germany (J.K.); Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.K)
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, 700 032 West Bengal, India (S.B.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia (M.R.T., D.Z.)
| | - Dawei Xu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (J.Y., Z.M., W.L., Z.L., M.C., D.X., G.Z., J.W., S.Z., Y.-J.K., D.Z.)
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, 48149 Münster, Germany (J.K.); Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.K)
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, 700 032 West Bengal, India (S.B.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia (M.R.T., D.Z.)
| | - Guochao Zhao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (J.Y., Z.M., W.L., Z.L., M.C., D.X., G.Z., J.W., S.Z., Y.-J.K., D.Z.)
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, 48149 Münster, Germany (J.K.); Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.K)
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, 700 032 West Bengal, India (S.B.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia (M.R.T., D.Z.)
| | - Jie Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (J.Y., Z.M., W.L., Z.L., M.C., D.X., G.Z., J.W., S.Z., Y.-J.K., D.Z.)
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, 48149 Münster, Germany (J.K.); Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.K)
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, 700 032 West Bengal, India (S.B.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia (M.R.T., D.Z.)
| | - Siyi Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (J.Y., Z.M., W.L., Z.L., M.C., D.X., G.Z., J.W., S.Z., Y.-J.K., D.Z.)
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, 48149 Münster, Germany (J.K.); Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.K)
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, 700 032 West Bengal, India (S.B.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia (M.R.T., D.Z.)
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (J.Y., Z.M., W.L., Z.L., M.C., D.X., G.Z., J.W., S.Z., Y.-J.K., D.Z.)
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, 48149 Münster, Germany (J.K.); Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.K)
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, 700 032 West Bengal, India (S.B.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia (M.R.T., D.Z.)
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (J.Y., Z.M., W.L., Z.L., M.C., D.X., G.Z., J.W., S.Z., Y.-J.K., D.Z.);
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, 48149 Münster, Germany (J.K.); Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.K);
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, 700 032 West Bengal, India (S.B.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia (M.R.T., D.Z.)
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Zhao B, Shi H, Wang W, Liu X, Gao H, Wang X, Zhang Y, Yang M, Li R, Guo Y. Secretory COPII Protein SEC31B Is Required for Pollen Wall Development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 172:1625-1642. [PMID: 27634427 PMCID: PMC5100771 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The pollen wall protects pollen grains from abiotic and biotic stresses. During pollen wall development, tapetal cells play a vital role by secreting proteins, signals, and pollen wall material to ensure microspore development. But the regulatory mechanism underlying the secretory pathway of the tapetum is largely unknown. Here, we characterize the essential role of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) COPII protein SECRETORY31B (SEC31B) in pollen wall development and the secretory activity of tapetal cells. The sporophyte-controlled atsec31b mutant exhibits severe pollen and seed abortion. Transmission electron microscopy observation indicates that pollen exine formation in the atsec31b mutant is disrupted significantly. AtSEC31B is a functional COPII protein revealed by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exit site localization, interaction with AtSEC13A, and retarded ER-Golgi protein trafficking in the atsec31b mutant. A genetic tapetum-specific rescue assay indicates that AtSEC31B functions primarily in the tapetum. Moreover, deletion of AtSEC31B interrupted the formation of the ER-derived tapetosome and altered the location of the ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER9 protein in the tapetum. Therefore, this work demonstrates that AtSEC31B plays a vital role in pollen wall development by regulating the secretory pathway of the tapetal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingchun Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang 050024, People's Republic of China; and
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Haidan Shi
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang 050024, People's Republic of China; and
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanlei Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang 050024, People's Republic of China; and
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang 050024, People's Republic of China; and
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Gao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang 050024, People's Republic of China; and
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang 050024, People's Republic of China; and
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghui Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang 050024, People's Republic of China; and
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Meidi Yang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang 050024, People's Republic of China; and
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang 050024, People's Republic of China; and
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Guo
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang 050024, People's Republic of China; and
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang 050024, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Pollen plays important roles in the life cycle of angiosperms plants. It acts as not only a biological protector of male sperms but also a communicator between the male and the female reproductive organs, facilitating pollination and fertilization. Pollen is produced within the anther, and covered by the specialized outer envelope, pollen wall. Although the morphology of pollen varies among different plant species, the pollen wall is mainly comprised of three layers: the pollen coat, the outer exine layer, and the inner intine layer. Except the intine layer, the other two layers are basically of lipidic nature. Particularly, the outer pollen wall layer, the exine, is a highly resistant biopolymer of phenylpropanoid and lipidic monomers covalently coupled by ether and ester linkages. The precise molecular mechanisms underlying pollen coat formation and exine patterning remain largely elusive. Herein, we summarize the current genetic, phenotypic and biochemical studies regarding to the pollen exine development and underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms mainly obtained from monocot rice (Oryza sativa) and dicot Arabidopsis thaliana, aiming to extend our understandings of plant male reproductive biology. Genes, enzymes/proteins and regulatory factors that appear to play conserved and diversified roles in lipid biosynthesis, transportation and modification during pollen exine formation, were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dabing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Jianxin Shi
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xijia Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai, 200240, China
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Shi J, Cui M, Yang L, Kim YJ, Zhang D. Genetic and Biochemical Mechanisms of Pollen Wall Development. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 20:741-753. [PMID: 26442683 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The pollen wall is a specialized extracellular cell wall matrix that surrounds male gametophytes and plays an essential role in plant reproduction. Uncovering the mechanisms that control the synthesis and polymerization of the precursors of pollen wall components has been a major research focus in plant biology. We review current knowledge on the genetic and biochemical mechanisms underlying pollen wall development in eudicot model Arabidopsis thaliana and monocot model rice (Oryza sativa), focusing on the genes involved in the biosynthesis, transport, and assembly of various precursors of pollen wall components. The conserved and divergent aspects of the genes involved as well as their regulation are addressed. Current challenges and future perspectives are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Shi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU)-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Meihua Cui
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU)-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Li Yang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU)-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU)-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology and Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Youngin, 446-701, South Korea
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU)-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia.
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Defective pollen wall contributes to male sterility in the male sterile line 1355A of cotton. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9608. [PMID: 26043720 PMCID: PMC4456728 DOI: 10.1038/srep09608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the mechanisms of male sterility in cotton (Gossypium spp.), combined histological, biochemical and transcription analysis using RNA-Seq was carried out in the anther of the single-gene recessive genic male sterility system of male sterile line 1355A and male fertile line 1355B, which are near-isogenic lines (NILs) differing only in the fertility trait. A total of 2,446 differentially expressed genes were identified between the anthers of 1355AB lines, at three different stages of development. Cluster analysis and functional assignment of differentially expressed genes revealed differences in transcription associated with pollen wall and anther development, including the metabolism of fatty acids, glucose, pectin and cellulose. Histological and biochemical analysis revealed that a major cellular defect in the 1355A was a thicker nexine, consistent with the RNA-seq data, and further gene expression studies implicated differences in fatty acids synthesis and metabolism. This study provides insight into the phenotypic characteristics and gene regulatory network of the genic male sterile line 1355A in upland cotton.
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Shi ZH, Zhang C, Xu XF, Zhu J, Zhou Q, Ma LJ, Niu J, Yang ZN. Overexpression of AtTTP affects ARF17 expression and leads to male sterility in Arabidopsis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117317. [PMID: 25822980 PMCID: PMC4378849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Callose synthesis is critical for the formation of the pollen wall pattern. CalS5 is thought to be the major synthethase for the callose wall. In the Arabidopsis anther, ARF17 regulates the expression of CalS5 and is the target of miR160. Plants expressing miR160-resistant ARF17 (35S:5mARF17 lines) with increased ARF17 mRNA levels display male sterility. Here we report a zinc finger family gene, AtTTP, which is involved in miR160 maturation and callose synthesis in Arabidopsis. AtTTP is expressed in microsporocytes, tetrads and tapetal cells in the anther. Over-expression lines of AtTTP (AtTTP-OE line) exhibited reduced male fertility. CalS5 expression was tremendously reduced and the tetrad callose wall became much thinner in the AtTTP-OE line. Northern blotting hybridization and quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that miR160 was decreased, while the expression of ARF17 was increased in the AtTTP-OE line. Based on these results, we propose that AtTTP associates with miR160 in order to regulate the ARF17 expression needed for callose synthesis and pollen wall formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hao Shi
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Que Zhou
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Li-Juan Ma
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Jin Niu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Zhong-Nan Yang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
- * E-mail:
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Renzaglia KS, Lopez RA, Johnson EE. Callose is integral to the development of permanent tetrads in the liverwort Sphaerocarpos. PLANTA 2015; 241:615-27. [PMID: 25408505 PMCID: PMC7252457 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-014-2199-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A striking feature of the liverwort Sphaerocarpos is that pairs of male and female spores remain united in permanent tetrads. To identify the nature of this phenomenon and to test the hypothesis that callose is involved, we examined spore wall development in Sphaerocarpos miche lii, with emphasis on the appearance, location and fate of callose vis-à-vis construction of the sculptoderm. All stages of sporogenesis were examined using differential interference contrast optics, and aniline blue fluorescence to locate callose. For precise localization, specimens were immunogold labeled with anti-callose antibody and observed in the transmission electron microscope. Callose plays a role in Sphaerocarpos spore wall development not described in any other plant, including other liverworts. A massive callose matrix forms outside of the sculptured sporocyte plasmalemma that predicts spore wall ornamentation. Consequently, layers of exine form across adjacent spores uniting them. Spore wall development occurs entirely within the callose and involves the production of six layers of prolamellae that give rise to single or stacked tripartite lamellae (TPL). Between spores, an anastomosing network of exine layers forms in lieu of intersporal septum development. As sporopollenin assembles on TPL, callose progressively disappears from the inside outward leaving layers of sporopollenin impregnated exine, the sculptoderm, overlying a thick fibrillar intine. This developmental mechanism provides a direct pathway from callose deposition to sculptured exine that does not involve the intermediary primexine found in pollen wall development. The resulting tetrad, encased in a single wall, provides a simple model for development of permanent dyads and tetrads in the earliest fossil plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen S Renzaglia
- Department of Plant Biology, MC: 6509, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA,
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Yang X, Wu D, Shi J, He Y, Pinot F, Grausem B, Yin C, Zhu L, Chen M, Luo Z, Liang W, Zhang D. Rice CYP703A3, a cytochrome P450 hydroxylase, is essential for development of anther cuticle and pollen exine. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 56:979-94. [PMID: 24798002 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Anther cuticle and pollen exine act as protective envelopes for the male gametophyte or pollen grain, but the mechanism underlying the synthesis of these lipidic polymers remains unclear. Previously, a tapetum-expressed CYP703A3, a putative cytochrome P450 fatty acid hydroxylase, was shown to be essential for male fertility in rice (Oryza sativa L.). However, the biochemical and biological roles of CYP703A3 has not been characterized. Here, we observed that cyp703a3-2 caused by one base insertion in CYP703A3 displays defective pollen exine and anther epicuticular layer, which differs from Arabidopsis cyp703a2 in which only defective pollen exine occurs. Consistently, chemical composition assay showed that levels of cutin monomers and wax components were dramatically reduced in cyp703a3-2 anthers. Unlike the wide range of substrates of Arabidopsis CYP703A2, CYP703A3 functions as an in-chain hydroxylase only for a specific substrate, lauric acid, preferably generating 7-hydroxylated lauric acid. Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation and expression analyses revealed that the expression of CYP703A3 is directly regulated by Tapetum Degeneration Retardation, a known regulator of tapetum PCD and pollen exine formation. Collectively, our results suggest that CYP703A3 represents a conserved and diversified biochemical pathway for in-chain hydroxylation of lauric acid required for the development of male organ in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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Hu J, Wang Z, Zhang L, Sun MX. The Arabidopsis Exine Formation Defect (EFD) gene is required for primexine patterning and is critical for pollen fertility. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 203:140-154. [PMID: 24697753 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Exine, the outermost layer of a pollen grain, has important roles in protecting microspore cytoplasm and determining species-specific interactions between pollen and stigma. The molecular mechanism underlying pollen exine formation, however, remains largely unknown. Here, we report the characterization of an Arabidopsis male-sterile mutant, efd, which exhibits male sterility in first-forming flowers. The Exine Formation Defect (EFD) gene is strongly expressed in microsporocytes, tetrads and the tapetum, and encodes a nuclear-localized de novo DNA methyltransferase. Detailed observations revealed that EFD is involved in both callose wall and primexine formation during microsporogenesis. Microspores in tetrads are not well separated in efd due to an abnormal callose wall. Its plasma membrane undulation appears normal, but primexine patterning is impaired. Primexine matrix establishment and sporopollenin accumulation at specific positions are disturbed, and thus exine formation is totally blocked in efd. We confirmed that EFD is required for pollen exine formation and male fertility via the regulation of callose wall and primexine formation. We also found that positional sporopollenin accumulation is not involved in regulating membrane undulation, but is related to the complete separation of tetrad microspores during primary exine patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hu
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Plant Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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Zhang D, Liu D, Lv X, Wang Y, Xun Z, Liu Z, Li F, Lu H. The cysteine protease CEP1, a key executor involved in tapetal programmed cell death, regulates pollen development in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:2939-61. [PMID: 25035401 PMCID: PMC4145124 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.127282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Tapetal programmed cell death (PCD) is a prerequisite for pollen grain development in angiosperms, and cysteine proteases are the most ubiquitous hydrolases involved in plant PCD. We identified a papain-like cysteine protease, CEP1, which is involved in tapetal PCD and pollen development in Arabidopsis thaliana. CEP1 is expressed specifically in the tapetum from stages 5 to 11 of anther development. The CEP1 protein first appears as a proenzyme in precursor protease vesicles and is then transported to the vacuole and transformed into the mature enzyme before rupture of the vacuole. cep1 mutants exhibited aborted tapetal PCD and decreased pollen fertility with abnormal pollen exine. A transcriptomic analysis revealed that 872 genes showed significantly altered expression in the cep1 mutants, and most of them are important for tapetal cell wall organization, tapetal secretory structure formation, and pollen development. CEP1 overexpression caused premature tapetal PCD and pollen infertility. ELISA and quantitative RT-PCR analyses confirmed that the CEP1 expression level showed a strong relationship to the degree of tapetal PCD and pollen fertility. Our results reveal that CEP1 is a crucial executor during tapetal PCD and that proper CEP1 expression is necessary for timely degeneration of tapetal cells and functional pollen formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Liu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomeng Lv
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhili Xun
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixiong Liu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenglan Li
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Lu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
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The tapetal AHL family protein TEK determines nexine formation in the pollen wall. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3855. [PMID: 24804694 PMCID: PMC4024750 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The pollen wall, an essential structure for pollen function, consists of two layers, an inner intine and an outer exine. The latter is further divided into sexine and nexine. Many genes involved in sexine development have been reported, in which the MYB transcription factor Male Sterile 188 (MS188) specifies sexine in Arabidopsis. However, nexine formation remains poorly understood. Here we report the knockout of TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT SILENCING VIA AT-HOOK (TEK) leads to nexine absence in Arabidopsis. TEK encodes an AT-hook nuclear localized family protein highly expressed in tapetum during the tetrad stage. Absence of nexine in tek disrupts the deposition of intine without affecting sexine formation. We find that ABORTED MICROSPORES directly regulates the expression of TEK and MS188 in tapetum for the nexine and sexine formation, respectively. Our data show that a transcriptional cascade in the tapetum specifies the development of pollen wall. The nexine is a conserved layer of the pollen wall in land plants. The authors show that the AHL family protein TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT SILENCING VIA AT-HOOK (TEK) is necessary for nexine formation in Arabidopsis, acting downstream of the transcription factor ABORTED MICROSPORES (AMS).
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DEX1, a plasma membrane-localized protein, functions in microspore development by affecting CalS5 expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-013-5865-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sun MX, Huang XY, Yang J, Guan YF, Yang ZN. Arabidopsis RPG1 is important for primexine deposition and functions redundantly with RPG2 for plant fertility at the late reproductive stage. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2013; 26:83-91. [PMID: 23686221 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-012-0208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis Ruptured Pollen Grain-1 (RPG1/Sweet8) is a member of the MtN3/saliva protein family that functions as a sugar transporter. The rpg1 mutant shows defective exine pattern formation. In this study, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations showed that much less primexine was deposited in rpg1 tetrads. Furthermore, microspore membrane undulation was abnormal, and sporopollenin accumulation was also defective. This suggests that a reduced primexine deposition in rpg1 leads to abnormal membrane undulation that affects exine pattern formation. Chemical staining revealed thinning of the callose wall of rpg1, as well as significantly reduced expression of Callose synthase-5 (CalS5) in rpg1. The fertility of the rpg1 mutant could be partly restored at late reproductive stages, potentially complemented in part by RPG2, another member of the MtN3/saliva family, which is expressed in the anther during microsporogenesis. The double mutant, rpg1rpg2, was almost sterile and was not restored during late reproduction. These results suggest that RPG1 and RPG2 are involved in primexine deposition and therefore pollen wall pattern formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xi Sun
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234, China
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Yang J, Tian L, Sun MX, Huang XY, Zhu J, Guan YF, Jia QS, Yang ZN. AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR17 is essential for pollen wall pattern formation in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 162:720-31. [PMID: 23580594 PMCID: PMC3668065 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.214940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In angiosperms, pollen wall pattern formation is determined by primexine deposition on the microspores. Here, we show that AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR17 (ARF17) is essential for primexine formation and pollen development in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The arf17 mutant exhibited a male-sterile phenotype with normal vegetative growth. ARF17 was expressed in microsporocytes and microgametophytes from meiosis to the bicellular microspore stage. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that primexine was absent in the arf17 mutant, which leads to pollen wall-patterning defects and pollen degradation. Callose deposition was also significantly reduced in the arf17 mutant, and the expression of CALLOSE SYNTHASE5 (CalS5), the major gene for callose biosynthesis, was approximately 10% that of the wild type. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that ARF17 can directly bind to the CalS5 promoter. As indicated by the expression of DR5-driven green fluorescent protein, which is an synthetic auxin response reporter, auxin signaling appeared to be specifically impaired in arf17 anthers. Taken together, our results suggest that ARF17 is essential for pollen wall patterning in Arabidopsis by modulating primexine formation at least partially through direct regulation of CalS5 gene expression.
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Yang J, Tian L, Sun MX, Huang XY, Zhu J, Guan YF, Jia QS, Yang ZN. AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR17 is essential for pollen wall pattern formation in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013. [PMID: 23580594 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.214940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In angiosperms, pollen wall pattern formation is determined by primexine deposition on the microspores. Here, we show that AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR17 (ARF17) is essential for primexine formation and pollen development in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The arf17 mutant exhibited a male-sterile phenotype with normal vegetative growth. ARF17 was expressed in microsporocytes and microgametophytes from meiosis to the bicellular microspore stage. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that primexine was absent in the arf17 mutant, which leads to pollen wall-patterning defects and pollen degradation. Callose deposition was also significantly reduced in the arf17 mutant, and the expression of CALLOSE SYNTHASE5 (CalS5), the major gene for callose biosynthesis, was approximately 10% that of the wild type. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that ARF17 can directly bind to the CalS5 promoter. As indicated by the expression of DR5-driven green fluorescent protein, which is an synthetic auxin response reporter, auxin signaling appeared to be specifically impaired in arf17 anthers. Taken together, our results suggest that ARF17 is essential for pollen wall patterning in Arabidopsis by modulating primexine formation at least partially through direct regulation of CalS5 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- College of Tourism, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
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