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Sun X, Sun Y, Cao X, Zhai X, Callaway RM, Wan J, Flory SL, Huang W, Ding J. Trade-offs in non-native plant herbivore defences enhance performance. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:1584-1596. [PMID: 37387416 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Non-native plants are typically released from specialist enemies but continue to be attacked by generalists, albeit at lower intensities. This reduced herbivory may lead to less investment in constitutive defences and greater investment in induced defences, potentially reducing defence costs. We compared herbivory on 27 non-native and 59 native species in the field and conducted bioassays and chemical analyses on 12 pairs of non-native and native congeners. Non-natives suffered less damage and had weaker constitutive defences, but stronger induced defences than natives. For non-natives, the strength of constitutive defences was correlated with the intensity of herbivory experienced, whereas induced defences showed the reverse. Investment in induced defences correlated positively with growth, suggesting a novel mechanism for the evolution of increased competitive ability. To our knowledge, these are the first linkages reported among trade-offs in plant defences related to the intensity of herbivory, allocation to constitutive versus induced defences, and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yumei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xueyao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xincong Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Ragan M Callaway
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Jinlong Wan
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - S Luke Flory
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianqing Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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2
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Gao L, Wei C, He Y, Tang X, Chen W, Xu H, Wu Y, Wilschut RA, Lu X. Aboveground herbivory can promote exotic plant invasion through intra- and interspecific aboveground-belowground interactions. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:2347-2359. [PMID: 36200166 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Aboveground herbivores and soil biota profoundly affect plant invasions. However, how they interactively affect plant invasions through plant-soil feedbacks (PSFs) remains unclear. To explore how herbivory by the introduced beetle Agasicles hygrophila affects Alternanthera philoxeroides invasions in China, we integrated multiyear field surveys and a 2-yr PSF experiment, in which we examined how herbivory affects PSFs on the performance of native and invasive plants and the introduced beetles. Despite increased herbivory from A. hygrophila, A. philoxeroides dominance over co-occurring congeneric native Alternanthera sessilis remained constant from 2014 to 2019. While occurring at lower abundances, A. sessilis experienced similar herbivore damage, suggesting apparent competitive effects. Our experiments revealed that herbivory on A. philoxeroides altered soil microbial communities, prolonged its negative PSF on A. sessilis, and decreased A. hygrophila larvae performance on the next-generation invasive plants. Consequently, A. hygrophila larvae performed better on leaves of natives than those of invasives when grown in soils conditioned by invasive plants defoliated by the introduced beetles. Our findings suggest that aboveground herbivory might promote rather than suppress A. philoxeroides invasion by enhancing its soil-mediated self-reinforcement, providing a novel mechanistic understanding of plant invasions. These findings highlight the need to incorporate an aboveground-belowground perspective during the assessment of potential biocontrol agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lunlun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, 430070, Hubei, China
- College of Plant Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Chunqiang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Hubei, China
- Guangxi Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, 540016, Guilin, China
| | - Yifan He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, 430070, Hubei, China
- College of Plant Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xuefei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, 430070, Hubei, China
- College of Plant Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Hao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, 430070, Hubei, China
- College of Plant Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yuqing Wu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Rutger A Wilschut
- Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464, Konstanz, Germany
- Department of Nematology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Xinmin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, 430070, Hubei, China
- College of Plant Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Hubei, China
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3
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Du E, Chen Y, Li Y, Zhang F, Sun Z, Hao R, Gui F. Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the responses of Ageratina adenophora to Aphis gossypii herbivory. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1015947. [PMID: 36325539 PMCID: PMC9618805 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1015947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The invasive weed Ageratina adenophora can form a positive symbiotic relationship with native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to promote its invasion ability. However, the function of AMF during the feeding of Aphis gossypii in A. adenophora was poorly understand. This study aimed to investigate the effects of two dominant AMF (Claroideoglomus etunicatum and Septoglomus constrictum) on A. adenophora in response to the feeding of the generalist herbivore A. gossypii. The results showed that A. gossypii infestation could significantly reduce the biomass, nutrient and proline contents of A. adenophora, and increase the antioxidant enzyme activities, defense hormone and secondary metabolite contents of the weed. Compared with the A. gossypii infested A. adenophora, inoculation C. etunicatum and S. constrictum could significantly promote the growth ability and enhanced the resistance of A. adenophora to A. gossypii infestation, and the aboveground biomass of A. adenophora increased by 317.21% and 114.73%, the root biomass increased by 347.33% and 120.58%, the polyphenol oxidase activity heightened by 57.85% and 12.62%, the jasmonic acid content raised by 13.49% and 4.92%, the flavonoid content increased by 27.29% and 11.92%, respectively. The survival rate of A. gossypii and density of nymphs were significantly inhibited by AMF inoculation, and the effect of C. etunicatum was significantly greater than that of S. constrictum. This study provides clarified evidence that AMF in the rhizosphere of A. adenophora are effective in the development of tolerance and chemical defense under the feeding pressure of insect herbivory, and offer references for the management of the A. adenophora from the perspective of soil microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewei Du
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bioresources in Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yaping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bioresources in Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yahong Li
- Department of Plant Quarantine, Yunnan Plant Protection and Quarantine Station, Kunming, China
| | - Fengjuan Zhang
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhongxiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bioresources in Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Ruoshi Hao
- Department of Industrial Development, Yunnan Plateau Charateristic Agriculture Industry Research Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Furong Gui
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bioresources in Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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4
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Egli D, Harvey KJ, Moore BD, Mitchell C, Olckers T. Variations in chemical defences and patterns of natural enemy attack between native and introduced populations of fireweed (
Senecio madagascariensis
): Implications for biological control. AUSTRAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniella Egli
- School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu‐Natal Private Bag X01 Scottsville 3209 South Africa
| | - Kerinne J. Harvey
- School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu‐Natal Private Bag X01 Scottsville 3209 South Africa
| | - Ben D. Moore
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Penrith New South Wales Australia
| | - Christopher Mitchell
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Penrith New South Wales Australia
| | - Terence Olckers
- School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu‐Natal Private Bag X01 Scottsville 3209 South Africa
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5
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Simberloff D, Kaur H, Kalisz S, Bezemer TM. Novel chemicals engender myriad invasion mechanisms. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:1184-1200. [PMID: 34416017 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Non-native invasive species (NIS) release chemicals into the environment that are unique to the invaded communities, defined as novel chemicals. Novel chemicals impact competitors, soil microbial communities, mutualists, plant enemies, and soil nutrients differently than in the species' native range. Ecological functions of novel chemicals and differences in functions between the native and non-native ranges of NIS are of immense interest to ecologists. Novel chemicals can mediate different ecological, physiological, and evolutionary mechanisms underlying invasion hypotheses. Interactions amongst the NIS and resident species including competitors, soil microbes, and plant enemies, as well as abiotic factors in the invaded community are linked to novel chemicals. However, we poorly understand how these interactions might enhance NIS performance. New empirical data and analyses of how novel chemicals act in the invaded community will fill major gaps in our understanding of the chemistry of biological invasions. A novel chemical-invasion mechanism framework shows how novel chemicals engender invasion mechanisms beyond plant-plant or plant-microorganism interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Simberloff
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Harleen Kaur
- Plant BioSystems, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Susan Kalisz
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - T Martijn Bezemer
- Plant Science and Natural Products, Institute of Biology Leiden (IBL), Leiden University, PO Box 9505, Leiden, 2300 RA, the Netherlands
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO Box 6700 AB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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6
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Liu Z, Wang M, Tian M, Yuan L, Yu B, Qu B, An T, Feng Y. Pyrrole alkaloids from Solanum rostratum and their chemical defense function against Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata. Fitoterapia 2021; 155:105031. [PMID: 34509535 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.105031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Three pairs of novel enantiomeric pyrrole alkaloids (1a/1b, 2a/2b, 3a/3b) were isolated from the leaves of Solanum rostratum and their structures were determined via NMR analyses and ECD calculation. All the enantiomers displayed different levels of antifeedant and growth-inhibitory activities against Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata (a noxious herbivore for Solanaceae), especially 1a and 2a. Interestingly, the results showed enantioselectivity, in which that the pyrrole alkaloids with R configuration at C-2' showed stronger chemical defense function than their enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Liu
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China
| | - Meiqi Wang
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China
| | - Maoxiong Tian
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China
| | - Linlin Yuan
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China
| | - Baimiao Yu
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China
| | - Bo Qu
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China
| | - Tong An
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China.
| | - Yulong Feng
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China.
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7
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Castillo G, Calahorra‐Oliart A, Núñez‐Farfán J, Valverde PL, Arroyo J, Cruz LL, Tapia‐López R. Selection on tropane alkaloids in native and non-native populations of Datura stramonium. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:10176-10184. [PMID: 31632642 PMCID: PMC6787939 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Theories of plant invasion based on enemy release in a new range assume that selection exerted by specialist herbivores on defence traits should be reduced, absent, or even selected against in the new environment. Here, we measured phenotypic selection on atropine and scopolamine concentration of Datura stramonium in eight native (Mexico) and 14 non-native (Spain) populations. Native populations produced between 20 and 40 times more alkaloid than non-native populations (atropine: 2.0171 vs. 0.0458 mg/g; scopolamine: 1.004 vs. 0.0488 mg/g, respectively). Selection on alkaloids was negative for atropine and positive for scopolamine concentration in both ranges. However, the effect sizes of selection gradients were only significant in the native range. Our results support the assumption that the reduction of plant defence in the absence of the plant's natural enemies in invasive ranges is driven by natural selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Castillo
- Departamento de Ecología EvolutivaInstituto de EcologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)Mexico CityMexico
- Present address:
Facultad de Enología y GastronomíaUniversidad Autónoma de Baja CaliforniaBaja CaliforniaMéxico
| | - Adriana Calahorra‐Oliart
- Departamento de Ecología EvolutivaInstituto de EcologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)Mexico CityMexico
| | - Juan Núñez‐Farfán
- Departamento de Ecología EvolutivaInstituto de EcologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)Mexico CityMexico
| | - Pedro L. Valverde
- Departamento de BiologíaUniversidad Autónoma Metropolitana‐IztapalapaMexico CityMexico
| | - Juan Arroyo
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y EcologíaUniversidad de SevillaSevillaSpain
| | - Laura L. Cruz
- Departamento de Ecología EvolutivaInstituto de EcologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)Mexico CityMexico
| | - Rosalinda Tapia‐López
- Departamento de Ecología EvolutivaInstituto de EcologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)Mexico CityMexico
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8
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Manea A, Tabassum S, Carthey AJR, Cameron DNS, Leishman MR. Evidence for a shift in defence driving the invasion success of Acacia longifolia in Australia. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-01968-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Lu X, He M, Ding J, Siemann E. Latitudinal variation in soil biota: testing the biotic interaction hypothesis with an invasive plant and a native congener. THE ISME JOURNAL 2018; 12:2811-2822. [PMID: 30013163 PMCID: PMC6246596 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-018-0219-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Soil biota community structure can change with latitude, but the effects of changes on native plants, invasive plants, and their herbivores remain unclear. Here, we examined latitudinal variation in the soil biota community associated with the invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides and its native congener A. sessilis, and the effects of soil biota community variation on these plants and the beetle Agasicles hygrophila. We characterized the soil bacterial and fungal communities and root-knot nematodes of plant rhizospheres collected from 22 °N to 36.6 °N in China. Soil biota community structure changed with latitude as a function of climate and soil properties. Root-knot nematode abundance and potential soil fungal pathogen diversity (classified with FUNGuild) decreased with latitude, apparently due to higher soil pH and lower temperatures. A greenhouse experiment and lab bioassay showed native plant mass, seed production, and mass of beetles fed native foliage increased with soil collection latitude. However, there were no latitudinal patterns for the invasive plant. These results suggest that invasive and native plants and, consequently, their herbivores have different responses to latitudinal changes in soil-borne enemies, potentially creating spatial variation in enemy release or biotic resistance. This highlights the importance of linking above- and below-ground multitrophic interactions to explore the role of soil biota in non-native plant invasions with a biogeographic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Minyan He
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jianqing Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China.
| | - Evan Siemann
- Biosciences Department, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
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10
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Rodríguez J, Calbi M, Roiloa SR, González L. Herbivory induced non-local responses of the clonal invader Carpobrotus edulis are not mediated by clonal integration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 633:1041-1050. [PMID: 29758857 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The anthropogenic displacement of species around the world results in new environmental situations where native and exotic species coexist. Exotic plants have to face native herbivores, and interactions between introduced plants and native herbivores seem to play an important role in the invasiveness of some exotic plant species. We studied the role of clonal integration in induce morphological, physiological, and biochemical responses in the clonal invader Carpobrotus edulis against the attack of the native snail Theba pisana. Our results demonstrated the presence of labour division mediated by physiological integration, with a significant increase of photosynthesis potential (both at morphological and physiological) in un-attacked integrated ramets. This response could be especially important under herbivory, as the negative impact of T. pisana on the photosynthetic structures of attacked C. edulis ramets could be buffered by transferring the dependence of photosynthetic activity to the un-attacked ramets. Our results also showed a constitutive resistance in un-attacked apical ramets, showing a similar amount of defence compounds to those exhibited in the basal branches attacked by snails. Results reported a non-local compensatory response, which there was an increase of total biomass in apical ramets when their basal ramets were attacked by the herbivore. We interpret this result as a compensatory response, with these apical ramets increasing shoot biomass to compensate for the biomass loss due to a potential attack from herbivores. However, this non-local response was not mediated by physiological integration but probably due to belowground communication, with the presence of alarm signals released by root exudates. We conclude that the attack of this snail is not enough to be a possible biological control due to the compensatory response to this snail by C. edulis, favouring their expansion. Future studies should focus on unravelling the role of belowground communication in the defensive responses of C. edulis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Rodríguez
- Plant Ecophysiology Group, Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain; ECOEVO Lab, E. E. Forestal, University of Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain.
| | - Mariasole Calbi
- Plant Ecophysiology Group, Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Sergio R Roiloa
- BioCost Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña 15071, Spain
| | - Luís González
- Plant Ecophysiology Group, Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
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11
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Huang W, Ding J. Effects of generalist herbivory on resistance and resource allocation by the invasive plant, Phytolacca americana. INSECT SCIENCE 2016; 23:191-199. [PMID: 26097089 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Successful invasions by exotic plants are often attributed to a loss of co-evolved specialists and a re-allocation of resources from defense to growth and reproduction. However, invasive plants are rarely completely released from insect herbivory because they are frequently attacked by generalists in their introduced ranges. The novel generalist community may also affect the invasive plant's defensive strategies and resource allocation. Here, we tested this hypothesis using American pokeweed (Phytolacca americana L.), a species that has become invasive in China, which is native to North America. We examined resistance, tolerance, growth and reproduction of plant populations from both China and the USA when plants were exposed to natural generalist herbivores in China. We found that leaf damage was greater for invasive populations than for native populations, indicating that plants from invasive ranges had lower resistance to herbivory than those from native ranges. A regression of the percentage of leaf damage against mass showed that there was no significant difference in tolerance between invasive and native populations, even though the shoot, root, fruit and total mass were larger for invasive populations than for native populations. These results suggest that generalist herbivores are important drivers mediating the defensive strategies and resource allocation of the invasive American pokeweed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jianqing Ding
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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12
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Lu X, Siemann E, Wei H, Shao X, Ding J. Effects of warming and nitrogen on above- and below-ground herbivory of an exotic invasive plant and its native congener. Biol Invasions 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-015-0918-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Moreira X, Zas R, Sampedro L. Additive genetic variation in resistance traits of an exotic pine species: little evidence for constraints on evolution of resistance against native herbivores. Heredity (Edinb) 2013; 110:449-56. [PMID: 23232833 PMCID: PMC3630812 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2012.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The apparent failure of invasions by alien pines in Europe has been explained by the co-occurrence of native pine congeners supporting herbivores that might easily recognize the new plants as hosts. Previous studies have reported that exotic pines show reduced tolerance and capacity to induce resistance to those native herbivores. We hypothesize that limited genetic variation in resistance to native herbivores and the existence of evolutionary trade-offs between growth and resistance could represent additional potential constraints on the evolution of invasiveness of exotic pines outside their natural range. In this paper, we examined genetic variation for constitutive and induced chemical defences (measured as non-volatile resin in the stem and total phenolics in the needles) and resistance to two major native generalist herbivores of pines in cafeteria bioassays (the phloem-feeder Hylobius abietis and the defoliator Thaumetopoea pityocampa) using half-sib families drawn from a sample of the population of Pinus radiata introduced to Spain in the mid-19th century. We found (i) significant genetic variation, with moderate-to-high narrow-sense heritabilities for both the production of constitutive non-volatile resin and induced total phenolics, and for constitutive resistance against T. pityocampa in bioassays, (ii) no evolutionary trade-offs between plant resistance and growth traits or between the production of different quantitative chemical defences and (iii) a positive genetic correlation between constitutive resistance to the two studied herbivores. Overall, results of our study indicate that the exotic pine P. radiata has limited genetic constraints on the evolution of resistance against herbivores in its introduced range, suggesting that, at least in terms of interactions with these enemies, this pine species has potential to become invasive in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Moreira
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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