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Shi Y, Chen Z, Shen M, Li Q, Wang S, Jiang J, Zeng W. Identification and Functional Verification of the Glycosyltransferase Gene Family Involved in Flavonoid Synthesis in Rubus chingii Hu. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1390. [PMID: 38794460 PMCID: PMC11125054 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Glycosylation is catalyzed by UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT) and plays an important role in enriching the diversity of flavonoids. Rubus plants contain a lot of natural flavonoid glycosides, which are important plants with a homology of medicine and food. However, information about the Rubus UGT gene family is very limited. In this study, we carried out genome-wide analysis and identified the 172, 121, 130, 121 UGT genes in R. chingii, R. corchorifolius, R. idaeus, and R. occidentalis, respectively, and divided them into 18 groups. The analysis of the protein motif and gene structure showed that there were structural and functional conservations in the same group, but there were differences among different groups. Gene replication analysis showed that raspberry and dicotyledons had a higher homology. The expansion of the UGTs gene family was mainly driven by tandem replication events, and experienced purified selection during the long evolution of the raspberry. Cis-acting element analysis showed that they were related to plant growth and development, hormone regulation, and stress response. In addition, according to a comprehensive analysis of the co-expression network constructed by transcriptome data and phylogenetic homology, RchUGT169 was identified as a flavonoid glucosyltransferase. Through the transient expression in tobacco, it was verified that RchUGT169 could catalyze the conversion of kaempferol and quercetin to the corresponding flavonoid glycosides. In conclusion, this research enriched the understanding of the diversity of UGTs in Rubus and determined that RcUGT169 can catalyze flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Shi
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China; (Y.S.); (Z.C.); (S.W.)
| | - Zhen Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China; (Y.S.); (Z.C.); (S.W.)
| | - Mingkai Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (M.S.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qianfan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (M.S.); (Q.L.)
| | - Shunli Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China; (Y.S.); (Z.C.); (S.W.)
| | - Jingyong Jiang
- Institute of Horticulture, Taizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Linhai 317000, China;
| | - Wei Zeng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China; (Y.S.); (Z.C.); (S.W.)
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Tian MB, Wang Y, Gao XT, Lu HC, Zhang Q, Han X, Li HQ, Shi N, Duan CQ, Wang J. Vineyard microclimate alterations induced by black inter-row mulch through transcriptome reshaped the flavoromics of cabernet sauvignon grapes. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:258. [PMID: 38594637 PMCID: PMC11003005 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04986-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weed control is essential for agricultural floor management in vineyards and the inter-row mulching is an eco-friendly practice to inhibit weed growth via filtering out photosynthetically active radiation. Besides weed suppression, inter-row mulching can influence grapevine growth and the accumulation of metabolites in grape berries. However, the complex interaction of multiple factors in the field challenges the understanding of molecular mechanisms on the regulated metabolites. In the current study, black geotextile inter-row mulch (M) was applied for two vintages (2016-2017) from anthesis to harvest. Metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis were conducted in two vintages, aiming to provide insights into metabolic and molecular responses of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes to M in a semi-arid climate. RESULTS Upregulation of genes related to photosynthesis and heat shock proteins confirmed that M weakened the total light exposure and grapes suffered heat stress, resulting in lower sugar-acid ratio at harvest. Key genes responsible for enhancements in phenylalanine, glutamine, ornithine, arginine, and C6 alcohol concentrations, and the downward trend in ε-viniferin, anthocyanins, flavonols, terpenes, and norisoprenoids in M grapes were identified. In addition, several modules significantly correlated with the metabolic biomarkers through weighted correlation network analysis, and the potential key transcription factors regulating the above metabolites including VviGATA11, VviHSFA6B, and VviWRKY03 were also identified. CONCLUSION This study provides a valuable overview of metabolic and transcriptomic responses of M grapes in semi-arid climates, which could facilitate understanding the complex regulatory network of metabolites in response to microclimate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Bo Tian
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jianghuai Agricultural Product Fine Processing and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Engineering Research Center for High Value Utilization of Characteristic Agricultural Products, College of Tea & Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Gao
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hao-Cheng Lu
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Jianghuai Agricultural Product Fine Processing and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Engineering Research Center for High Value Utilization of Characteristic Agricultural Products, College of Tea & Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hui-Qing Li
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ning Shi
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chang-Qing Duan
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Yang F, Zhang L, Zhang X, Guan J, Wang B, Wu X, Song M, Wei A, Liu Z, Huo D. Genome-wide investigation of UDP-Glycosyltransferase family in Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:249. [PMID: 38580941 PMCID: PMC10998406 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04926-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) belongs to Polygonaceae family and has attracted increasing attention owing to its high nutritional value. UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) glycosylate a variety of plant secondary metabolites to control many metabolic processes during plant growth and development. However, there have been no systematic reports of UGT superfamily in F. tataricum. RESULTS We identified 173 FtUGTs in F. tataricum based on their conserved UDPGT domain. Phylogenetic analysis of FtUGTs with 73 Arabidopsis UGTs clustered them into 21 families. FtUGTs from the same family usually had similar gene structure and motif compositions. Most of FtUGTs did not contain introns or had only one intron. Tandem repeats contributed more to FtUGTs amplification than segmental duplications. Expression analysis indicates that FtUGTs are widely expressed in various tissues and likely play important roles in plant growth and development. The gene expression analysis response to different abiotic stresses showed that some FtUGTs were involved in response to drought and cadmium stress. Our study provides useful information on the UGTs in F. tataricum, and will facilitate their further study to better understand their function. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide a theoretical basis for further exploration of the functional characteristics of FtUGTs and for understanding the growth, development, and metabolic model in F. tataricum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan, 030619, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan, 030619, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan, 030619, China
| | - Jingru Guan
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan, 030619, China
| | - Bo Wang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan, 030619, China
| | - Minli Song
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan, 030619, China
| | - Aili Wei
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan, 030619, China
| | - Zhang Liu
- Center for Agricultural Genetic Resources Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Dongao Huo
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan, 030619, China.
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Wang YC, Wei Y, Li XY, Zhang HM, Meng X, Duan CQ, Pan QH. Ethylene-responsive VviERF003 modulates glycosylated monoterpenoid synthesis by upregulating VviGT14 in grapes. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae065. [PMID: 38689696 PMCID: PMC11059816 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Terpenoids are important contributors to the aroma of grapes and wines. Grapes contain terpenoids in both volatile free form and non-volatile glycosidic form, with the latter being more abundant. Glycosylated terpenoids are deemed as latent aromatic potentials for their essential role in adding to the flowery and fruity bouquet of wines. However, the transcriptional regulatory mechanism underlying glycosylated terpenoid biosynthesis remains poorly understood. Our prior study identified an AP2/ERF transcription factor, VviERF003, through DNA pull-down screening using the promoter of terpenoid glycosyltransferase VviGT14 gene. This study demonstrated that both genes were co-expressed and synchronized with the accumulation of glycosylated monoterpenoids during grape maturation. VviERF003 can bind to the VviGT14 promoter and promote its activity according to yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays. VviERF003 upregulated VviGT14 expression in vivo, leading to increased production of glycosylated monoterpenoids based on the evidence from overexpression or RNA interference in leaves, berry skins, and calli of grapes, as well as tomato fruits. Additionally, VviERF003 and VviGT14 expressions and glycosylated monoterpenoid levels were induced by ethylene in grapes. The findings suggest that VviERF003 is ethylene-responsive and stimulates glycosylated monoterpenoid biosynthesis through upregulating VviGT14 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chen Wang
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yi Wei
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiang-Yi Li
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hui-Min Zhang
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiao Meng
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chang-Qing Duan
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiu-Hong Pan
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
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Jing T, Du W, Qian X, Wang K, Luo L, Zhang X, Deng Y, Li B, Gao T, Zhang M, Guo D, Jiang H, Liu Y, Schwab W, Sun X, Song C. UGT89AC1-mediated quercetin glucosylation is induced upon herbivore damage and enhances Camellia sinensis resistance to insect feeding. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:682-697. [PMID: 37882446 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin is a key flavonol in tea plants (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) with various health benefits, and it often occurs in the form of glucosides. The roles of quercetin and its glucosylated forms in plant defense are generally not well-studied, and remain unknown in the defense of tea. Here, we found higher contents of quercetin glucosides and a decline of the aglucone upon Ectropis grisescens (E. grisescens) infestation of tea. Nine UGTs were strongly induced, among which UGT89AC1 exhibited the highest activity toward quercetin in vitro and in vivo. The mass of E. grisescens larvae that fed on plants with repressed UGT89AC1 or varieties with lower levels of UGT89AC1 was significantly lower than that of larvae fed on controls. Artificial diet supplemented with quercetin glucoside also reduced the larval growth rate, whereas artificial diet supplemented with free quercetin had no significant effect on larval growth. UGT89AC1 was located in both the cytoplasm and nucleus, and its expression was modulated by JA, JA-ILE, and MeJA. These findings demonstrate that quercetin glucosylation serves a defensive role in tea against herbivory. Our results also provide novel insights into the ecological relevance of flavonoid glycosides under biotic stress in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wenkai Du
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaona Qian
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lanxin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yanni Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ting Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mengting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Danyang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuantao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Xiaoling Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuankui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Peng S, Li X, Jiang W, Wang Y, Xiang G, Li M, Wang Y, Yang Z, Li Y, Liu X, Zhang G, Ma C, Yang S. Identification of two key UDP-glycosyltransferases responsible for the ocotillol-type ginsenoside majonside-R2 biosynthesis in Panax vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus. PLANTA 2023; 257:119. [PMID: 37178342 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04143-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Two UDP-glycosyltransferases from Panax vienamensis var. fuscidiscus involved in ocotillol-type ginsenoside MR2 (majonside-R2) biosynthesis were identified. PvfUGT1 and PvfUGT2 sequentially catalyzes 20S,24S-Protopanxatriol Oxide II and 20S,24R-Protopanxatriol Oxide I to pseudoginsenoside RT4/RT5 and RT4/RT5 to 20S, 24S-MR2/20S, 24S-MR2. Ocotilol type saponin MR2 (majonside-R2) is the main active component of Panax vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus (commonly known as 'jinping ginseng') and is well known for its diverse pharmacological activities. The use of MR2 in the pharmaceutical industry currently depends on its extraction from Panax species. Metabolic engineering provides an opportunity to produce high-value MR2 by expressing it in heterologous hosts. However, the metabolic pathways of MR2 remain enigmatic, and the two-step glycosylation involved in MR2 biosynthesis has not been reported. In this study, we used quantitative real-time PCR to investigate the regulation of the entire ginsenoside pathway by MeJA (methyl jasmonate), which facilitated our pathway elucidation. We found six candidate glycosyltransferases by comparing transcriptome analysis and network co-expression analysis. In addition, we identified two UGTs (PvfUGT1 and PvfUGT2) through in vitro enzymatic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of MR2 which were not reported in previous studies. Our results show that PvfUGT1 can transfer UDP-glucose to the C6-OH of 20S, 24S-protopanaxatriol oxide II and 20S, 24R-protopanaxatriol oxide I to form pseudoginsenoside RT4 and pseudoginsenoside RT5, respectively. PvfUGT2 can transfer UDP-xylose to pseudoginsenoside RT4 and pseudoginsenoside RT5 to form 20S, 24S-MR2 and 20S, 24S-MR2. Our study paves the way for elucidating the biosynthesis of MR2 and producing MR2 by synthetic biological methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufang Peng
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming, 650106, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming, 650106, Yunnan, China
| | - Weiwei Jiang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming, 650106, Yunnan, China
| | - Yina Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming, 650106, Yunnan, China
| | - Guisheng Xiang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming, 650106, Yunnan, China
| | - Menghan Li
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming, 650106, Yunnan, China
- College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming, 650106, Yunnan, China
| | - Zijiang Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming, 650106, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming, 650106, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiangyu Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming, 650106, Yunnan, China
| | - Guanghui Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming, 650106, Yunnan, China
| | - Chunhua Ma
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming, 650106, Yunnan, China.
- College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Shengchao Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming, 650106, Yunnan, China.
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Wang W, Wang MY, Zeng Y, Chen X, Wang X, Barrington AM, Tao J, Atkinson RG, Nieuwenhuizen NJ. The terpene synthase (TPS) gene family in kiwifruit shows high functional redundancy and a subset of TPS likely fulfil overlapping functions in fruit flavour, floral bouquet and defence. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2023; 3:9. [PMID: 37789478 PMCID: PMC10514967 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-023-00057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Volatile terpenes are important compounds that influence fruit flavour and aroma of kiwifruit. Terpenes in plants also impact on the floral bouquet and defence against pests and pathogens in leaves and fruit. To better understand the overlapping roles that terpenes may fulfil in plants, a systematic gene, chemical and biochemical analysis of terpenes and terpene synthases (TPS) was undertaken in Red5 kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.). Analysis of the Red5 genome shows it contains only 22 TPS gene models, of which fifteen encode full-length TPS. Thirteen TPS can account for the major terpene volatiles produced in different tissues of Red5 kiwifruit and in response to different stimuli. The small Red5 TPS family displays surprisingly high functional redundancy with five TPS producing linalool/nerolidol. Treatment of leaves and fruit with methyl jasmonate enhanced expression of a subset of defence-related TPS genes and stimulated the release of terpenes. Six TPS genes were induced upon herbivory of leaves by the economically important insect pest Ctenopseustis obliquana (brown-headed leaf roller) and emission, but not accumulation, of (E)- and (Z)-nerolidol was strongly linked to herbivory. Our results provide a framework to understand the overlapping biological and ecological roles of terpenes in Actinidia and other horticultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 China
| | - Mindy Y. Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yunliu Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuyin Chen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Xiaoyao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Anne M. Barrington
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jianmin Tao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Ross G. Atkinson
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Niels J. Nieuwenhuizen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
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8
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Kumar A, Kaur S, Sangwan PL, Tasduq SA. Therapeutic and cosmeceutical role of glycosylated natural products in dermatology. Phytother Res 2023; 37:1574-1589. [PMID: 36809543 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Natural products (NPs) remain the primary source of pharmacologically active candidates for drug discovery. Since time immemorial, NPs have attracted considerable attention because of their beneficial skin effects. Moreover, there has been a great interest in using such products for the cosmetics industry in the past few decades, bridging the gap between modern and traditional medicine. Terpenoids, Steroids, and Flavonoids having glycosidic attachment have proven biological effects with a positive impact on human health. NPs derived glycosides are mainly found in fruits, vegetables, and plants, and most of them have a special reverence in traditional and modern medicine for disease prevention and treatment. A literature review was performed using scientific journals, Google scholar, Scifinder, PubMED, and Google patents. These scientific articles, documents, and patents establish the significance of glycosidic NPs in the areas of dermatology. Considering the human inclination to the usage of NPs rather than synthetic or inorganic drugs (especially in the area of skin care), in the present review we have discussed the worth of NP glycosides in beauty care and skin-related therapeutics and the mechanistic pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.,PK/PD divisions, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Sarabjit Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Pyare L Sangwan
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Sheikh A Tasduq
- PK/PD divisions, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,PK-PD and Toxicology Divisions, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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9
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Sugimoto K, Ono E, Inaba T, Tsukahara T, Matsui K, Horikawa M, Toyonaga H, Fujikawa K, Osawa T, Homma S, Kiriiwa Y, Ohmura I, Miyagawa A, Yamamura H, Fujii M, Ozawa R, Watanabe B, Miura K, Ezura H, Ohnishi T, Takabayashi J. Identification of a tomato UDP-arabinosyltransferase for airborne volatile reception. Nat Commun 2023; 14:677. [PMID: 36755045 PMCID: PMC9908901 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36381-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Volatiles from herbivore-infested plants function as a chemical warning of future herbivory for neighboring plants. (Z)-3-Hexenol emitted from tomato plants infested by common cutworms is taken up by uninfested plants and converted to (Z)-3-hexenyl β-vicianoside (HexVic). Here we show that a wild tomato species (Solanum pennellii) shows limited HexVic accumulation compared to a domesticated tomato species (Solanum lycopersicum) after (Z)-3-hexenol exposure. Common cutworms grow better on an introgression line containing an S. pennellii chromosome 11 segment that impairs HexVic accumulation, suggesting that (Z)-3-hexenol diglycosylation is involved in the defense of tomato against herbivory. We finally reveal that HexVic accumulation is genetically associated with a uridine diphosphate-glycosyltransferase (UGT) gene cluster that harbors UGT91R1 on chromosome 11. Biochemical and transgenic analyses of UGT91R1 show that it preferentially catalyzes (Z)-3-hexenyl β-D-glucopyranoside arabinosylation to produce HexVic in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Sugimoto
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, 2-509-3 Hirano, Otsu, Shiga, 510-2113, Japan.,Tsukuba-Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Ono
- Research Institute, Suntory Global Innovation Center Ltd, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, 8-1-1 Seika-dai, Seika, Souraku, Kyoto, 619-0284, Japan
| | - Tamaki Inaba
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Takehiko Tsukahara
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsui
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
| | - Manabu Horikawa
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, 8-1-1 Seika-dai, Seika, Souraku, Kyoto, 619-0284, Japan
| | - Hiromi Toyonaga
- Research Institute, Suntory Global Innovation Center Ltd, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, 8-1-1 Seika-dai, Seika, Souraku, Kyoto, 619-0284, Japan
| | - Kohki Fujikawa
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, 8-1-1 Seika-dai, Seika, Souraku, Kyoto, 619-0284, Japan
| | - Tsukiho Osawa
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, 8-1-1 Seika-dai, Seika, Souraku, Kyoto, 619-0284, Japan
| | - Shunichi Homma
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kiriiwa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.,Agri-Intelligence Cultivation Institute, Shizuoka University, Nagoya, Suruga, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Ippei Ohmura
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyagawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Hatsuo Yamamura
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Mikio Fujii
- School of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi, 324-8501, Japan
| | - Rika Ozawa
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, 2-509-3 Hirano, Otsu, Shiga, 510-2113, Japan
| | - Bunta Watanabe
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan.,Chemistry Laboratory, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Kokuryo, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8570, Japan
| | - Kenji Miura
- Tsukuba-Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ezura
- Tsukuba-Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ohnishi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan. .,Agri-Intelligence Cultivation Institute, Shizuoka University, Nagoya, Suruga, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan. .,Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan. .,Institute for Tea Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
| | - Junji Takabayashi
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, 2-509-3 Hirano, Otsu, Shiga, 510-2113, Japan.
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10
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Bosman RN, Lashbrooke JG. Grapevine mono- and sesquiterpenes: Genetics, metabolism, and ecophysiology. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1111392. [PMID: 36818850 PMCID: PMC9936147 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1111392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mono- and sesquiterpenes are volatile organic compounds which play crucial roles in human perception of table grape and wine flavour and aroma, and as such their biosynthesis has received significant attention. Here, the biosynthesis of mono- and sesquiterpenes in grapevine is reviewed, with a specific focus on the metabolic pathways which lead to formation of these compounds, and the characterised genetic variation underlying modulation of this metabolism. The bottlenecks for terpene precursor formation in the cytosol and plastid are understood to be the HMG-CoA reductase (HMGR) and 1-deoxy-D-xylylose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS) enzymes, respectively, and lead to the formation of prenyldiphosphate precursors. The functional plasticity of the terpene synthase enzymes which act on the prenyldiphosphate precursors allows for the massive variation in observed terpene product accumulation. This diversity is further enhanced in grapevine by significant duplication of genes coding for structurally diverse terpene synthases. Relatively minor nucleotide variations are sufficient to influence both product and substrate specificity of terpene synthase genes, with these variations impacting cultivar-specific aroma profiles. While the importance of these compounds in terms of grape quality is well documented, they also play several interesting roles in the grapevine's ecophysiological interaction with its environment. Mono- and sesquiterpenes are involved in attraction of pollinators, agents of seed dispersal and herbivores, defence against fungal infection, promotion of mutualistic rhizobacteria interaction, and are elevated in conditions of high light radiation. The ever-increasing grapevine genome sequence data will potentially allow for future breeders and biotechnologists to tailor the aroma profiles of novel grapevine cultivars through exploitation of the significant genetic variation observed in terpene synthase genes.
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11
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Transcriptomic and metabolic analyses reveal differences in monoterpene profiles and the underlying molecular mechanisms in six grape varieties with different flavors. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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12
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Tlili H, Arfa AB, Boubakri A, Hanen N, Neffati M, Doria E. Biochemical Composition and Biological Activities of Various Population of Brassica tournefortii Growing Wild in Tunisia. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3393. [PMID: 36501432 PMCID: PMC9739365 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Brassica tournefortii Gouan, commonly known (Aslooz) in Tunisia, is an annual plant, native to the North Africa and Middle East. Brassica species are used as food, their young leaves can be cooked, providing nutrients and health-giving phytochemicals such as phenolic compounds, polyphenols and carotenoids. Phytochemical composition and bioactivity of Brassica tournefortii leaf extracts, collected from four different bioclimatic zones in Tunisia, are investigated in the present study. Results showed that location and climatic variations can alter the phytochemical composition of B. tournefortii. Interestingly, HPLC analysis enabled identifying lutein and beta-carotene at high concentrations, especially in extracts of B. tournefortii collected from Gabes (B2) (344 µg/g of lutein) and B. tournefortii collected from Zarzis (B3) (1364 µg/g of beta-carotene). In particular, the antioxidant activity measured by DPPH assay showed that the extract of the plants collected from the growing region of Zarzis exhibits the highest antioxidant activities (0.99 mg/mL). All the Brassica tournefortii extracts showed a relevant antiproliferative activity, especially toward the Caco-2 cell line. These preliminary data resulted in being useful to correlate growth environmental conditions with different accumulation of metabolites in Brassica species still being poorly studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajer Tlili
- Laboratory of Pastoral Ecosystems and Valorization of Spontaeous Plants and Microorganisms, Institute of Arid Regions (IRA), Medenine 4119, Tunisia
| | - Abdelkarim Ben Arfa
- Laboratory of Pastoral Ecosystems and Valorization of Spontaeous Plants and Microorganisms, Institute of Arid Regions (IRA), Medenine 4119, Tunisia
| | - Abdelbasset Boubakri
- Laboratory of Pastoral Ecosystems and Valorization of Spontaeous Plants and Microorganisms, Institute of Arid Regions (IRA), Medenine 4119, Tunisia
| | - Najjaa Hanen
- Laboratory of Pastoral Ecosystems and Valorization of Spontaeous Plants and Microorganisms, Institute of Arid Regions (IRA), Medenine 4119, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Neffati
- Laboratory of Pastoral Ecosystems and Valorization of Spontaeous Plants and Microorganisms, Institute of Arid Regions (IRA), Medenine 4119, Tunisia
| | - Enrico Doria
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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13
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Karlova R, Busscher J, Schempp FM, Buchhaupt M, van Dijk ADJ, Beekwilder J. Detoxification of monoterpenes by a family of plant glycosyltransferases. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 203:113371. [PMID: 36037906 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant monoterpenes are challenging compounds, since they often act as solvents, and thus have both phytotoxic and antimicrobial properties. In this study an approach is developed to identify and characterize enzymes that can detoxify monoterpenoids, and thus would protect both plants and microbial production systems from these compounds. Plants respond to the presence of monoterpenes by expressing glycosyltransferases (UGTs), which conjugate the monoterpenoids into glycosides. By identifying these enzymes in a transcriptomics approach using Mentha × piperita, a family of UGTs was identified which is active on cyclic monoterpenoids such as menthol, and on acyclic monoterpenoids such as geranic acid. Other members of this family, from tomato, were also shown to be active on these monoterpenoids. In vitro and in vivo activity of different UGTs were tested with different substrates. We found that some glycosyltransferases significantly affect the toxicity of selected monoterpenoids in Escherichia coli, suggesting that glycosyltransferases can protect cells from monoterpenoid toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumyana Karlova
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen University, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Busscher
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen University, the Netherlands
| | - Florence M Schempp
- DECHEMA Research Institute, Microbial Biotechnology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Markus Buchhaupt
- DECHEMA Research Institute, Microbial Biotechnology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Aalt D J van Dijk
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jules Beekwilder
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen University, the Netherlands; Wageningen Plant Research, PO Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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14
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Murata J, Watanabe T, Komura H. Bacterial Volatile Isovaleric Acid Triggers Growth Alteration of Arabidopsis Seedlings. Metabolites 2022; 12:1043. [PMID: 36355126 PMCID: PMC9699611 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) released from selected soil microbes have been shown to trigger the alteration of plant growth. However, the substances responsible for such bioactivity and the mechanism of how plants interpret and respond to BVOCs remain largely elusive. Here, we established a model bioassay system using Arabidopsis and Bacillus spp. and found that Bacillus BVOCs interfere with the normal growth of Arabidopsis seedlings. Moreover, through a bioassay-guided purification, we identified isovaleric acid (IVA) as a volatile compound that exhibits inhibitory growth activity towards Arabidopsis seedlings. Our data provide novel molecular insights into how short-chain fatty acids released from soil microbes can affect plant growth through interkingdom signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Murata
- Division of Integrative Biomolecular Function, Institute for Bioorganic Research, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika, Soraku, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
| | - Takehiro Watanabe
- Research Planning Division, Institute for Bioorganic Research, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika, Soraku, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
| | - Hajime Komura
- Division of Structural Biomolecular Science, Institute for Bioorganic Research, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika, Soraku, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
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15
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Chen Y, Fu M, Li H, Wang L, Liu R, Liu Z. Genome-wide characterization of the UDP-glycosyltransferase gene family reveals their potential roles in leaf senescence in cotton. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:2648-2660. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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16
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Mayanti T, Sinaga SE, Supratman U. Phytochemistry and biological activity of Lansium domesticum Corr. species: a review. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 74:1568-1587. [PMID: 36094290 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to review and describe the ethnobotanical, phytochemical and biological activity of various extracts and compounds isolated from Lansium domesticum Corr. from 1967 to 2022 and to study the opportunities that can be developed in the future in the pharmaceutical and pharmacology fields. The related articles, followed by the classification of L. domesticum Corr. according to ethnobotanical, biological and phytochemical properties, were collected from SciFinder, Google Scholar and PubMed. KEY FINDINGS More than 80 compounds have been isolated and identified from L. domesticum Corr., including terpenoids and their glycosides. Furthermore, the pharmacological activity of the extracts and pure compounds of L. domesticum Corr. tested in vitro and in vivo were mainly confirmed to include antifeedant, antimalarial, antimicrobial, antibacterial, and radical scavenging activity, antimutagenic, and anticancer. SUMMARY In conclusion, based on this review, all data on the phytochemical and biological activity of L. domesticum Corr. can be used to support scientists in further research aim to determine the reaction mechanism of the extracts or compounds and need to be further validated using in vivo models together with toxicological analysis to establish their maximum tolerated dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tri Mayanti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Siska Elisahbet Sinaga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Unang Supratman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia.,Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
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17
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Reconstitution of monoterpene indole alkaloid biosynthesis in genome engineered Nicotiana benthamiana. Commun Biol 2022; 5:949. [PMID: 36088516 PMCID: PMC9464250 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03904-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) are a diverse class of plant natural products that include a number of medicinally important compounds. We set out to reconstitute the pathway for strictosidine, a key intermediate of all MIAs, from central metabolism in Nicotiana benthamiana. A disadvantage of this host is that its rich background metabolism results in the derivatization of some heterologously produced molecules. Here we use transcriptomic analysis to identify glycosyltransferases that are upregulated in response to biosynthetic intermediates and produce plant lines with targeted mutations in the genes encoding them. Expression of the early MIA pathway in these lines produces a more favorable product profile. Strictosidine biosynthesis was successfully reconstituted, with the best yields obtained by the co-expression of 14 enzymes, of which a major latex protein-like enzyme (MLPL) from Nepeta (catmint) is critical for improving flux through the iridoid pathway. The removal of endogenous glycosyltransferases does not impact the yields of strictosidine, highlighting that the metabolic flux of the pathway enzymes to a stable biosynthetic intermediate minimizes the need to engineer the endogenous metabolism of the host. The production of strictosidine in planta expands the range of MIA products amenable to biological synthesis. The biosynthesis of strictosidine, a key intermediate of monoterpene indole alkaloids, was successfully reconstructed in Nicotiana benthamiana, demonstrating the potential of Nicotiana benthamiana as a bioproduction chassis for small molecules.
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18
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Wang J, VanderWeide J, Yan Y, Tindjau R, Pico J, Deluc L, Zandberg WF, Castellarin SD. Impact of hormone applications on ripening-related metabolites in Gewürztraminer grapes (Vitis vinifera L.): The key role of jasmonates in terpene modulation. Food Chem 2022; 388:132948. [PMID: 35447584 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Terpenes play a formative role in grape and wine flavor, particularly for high-terpenic cultivars. Differences in terpene profiles influence grape varietal character and vintage quality. Little is known about the endogenous factors controlling terpene biosynthesis in grape. Through multiple experiments, six hormones (abscisic acid, ABA; ethylene, ETH; jasmonic acid, JA; methyl jasmonate, MeJA; indole-3-acetic acid, IAA; 1-naphthaleneacetic acid, NAA) that either promote or repress ripening were applied to Gewürztraminer clusters near veraison to gauge their effect on ripening and terpene biosynthesis. Jasmonates (JA, MeJA) increased terpene concentrations and the expression of terpene genes in grapes. Such increases were not associated to increases of other ripening-related metabolites such as sugars or anthocyanins. MeJA also affected the expression of several hormone related genes, increased IAA levels, and reduced sugar and anthocyanin concentration in grapes. This research provides novel insights into terpene regulation by ripening-related hormones and jasmonates in grapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfang Wang
- Wine Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Joshua VanderWeide
- Wine Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yifan Yan
- Wine Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Ricco Tindjau
- Wine Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Joana Pico
- Wine Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Laurent Deluc
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon Wine Research Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Wesley F Zandberg
- Department of Chemistry, Wine Research Centre, Irving K. Barber Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Canada
| | - Simone D Castellarin
- Wine Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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19
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Systematic characterization of triterpenoid saponins in Kuding tea using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-02023-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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20
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Kurze E, Wüst M, Liao J, McGraphery K, Hoffmann T, Song C, Schwab W. Structure-function relationship of terpenoid glycosyltransferases from plants. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 39:389-409. [PMID: 34486004 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00038a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2021Terpenoids are physiologically active substances that are of great importance to humans. Their physicochemical properties are modified by glycosylation, in terms of polarity, volatility, solubility and reactivity, and their bioactivities are altered accordingly. Significant scientific progress has been made in the functional study of glycosylated terpenes and numerous plant enzymes involved in regio- and enantioselective glycosylation have been characterized, a reaction that remains chemically challenging. Crucial clues to the mechanism of terpenoid glycosylation were recently provided by the first crystal structures of a diterpene glycosyltransferase UGT76G1. Here, we review biochemically characterized terpenoid glycosyltransferases, compare their functions and primary structures, discuss their acceptor and donor substrate tolerance and product specificity, and elaborate features of the 3D structures of the first terpenoid glycosyltransferases from plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Kurze
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Matthias Wüst
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 19C, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Jieren Liao
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Kate McGraphery
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Thomas Hoffmann
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Chuankui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany. .,State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Yue X, Shi P, Tang Y, Zhang H, Ma X, Ju Y, Zhang Z. Effects of methyl jasmonate on the monoterpenes of Muscat Hamburg grapes and wine. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:3665-3675. [PMID: 33280112 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of monoterpenes in grape and wine aroma has compelled researchers to focus on developing methods to increase their abundance. Recent research has revealed that exogenous elicitors can increase the contents of these compounds. This study determined the effects of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) preharvest treatments on the monoterpene profiles of Muscat Hamburg grapes and wine. RESULTS A total of 27 monoterpenes were identified for Muscat Hamburg grapes and wine. The contents of most of the monoterpenes (free and glycosylated forms) in the grapes and wine increased in response to MeJA. An analysis of the expression of the genes in the terpenoid biosynthesis pathway indicated that the related biosynthetic pathways were activated by MeJA. The transcript levels of some genes were consistent with monoterpene production, including VviCSLinNer, VviGwbOciF, VviPNRLin, VviGT14 and VviUGT85A1L1. The developmental expression patterns of the VviPP2B1 and VviMYB24 transcription factor genes were positively correlated with monoterpene accumulation in ripening grapes. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that MeJA may be useful for improving the aroma quality of grapes and wines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Yue
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Pengbao Shi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yali Tang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Huaixin Zhang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xin Ma
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yanlun Ju
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhenwen Zhang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Yangling, P.R. China
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22
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Compositional Changes in Grapes and Leaves as a Consequence of Smoke Exposure of Vineyards from Multiple Bushfires across a Ripening Season. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113187. [PMID: 34073537 PMCID: PMC8197810 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The negative effects of smoke exposure of grapes in vineyards that are close to harvest are well documented. Volatile phenols in smoke from forest and grass fires can contaminate berries and, upon uptake, are readily converted into a range of glycosylated grape metabolites. These phenolic glycosides and corresponding volatile phenols are extracted into the must and carried through the winemaking process, leading to wines with overtly smoky aromas and flavours. As a result, smoke exposure of grapes can cause significant quality defects in wine, and may render grapes and wine unfit for sale, with substantial negative economic impacts. Until now, however, very little has been known about the impact on grape composition of smoke exposure very early in the season, when grapes are small, hard and green, as occurred with many fires in the 2019–20 Australian grapegrowing season. This research summarises the compositional consequences of cumulative bushfire smoke exposure of grapes and leaves, it establishes detailed profiles of volatile phenols and phenolic glycosides in samples from six commercial Chardonnay and Shiraz blocks throughout berry ripening and examines the observed effects in the context of vineyard location and timing of smoke exposure. In addition, we demonstrate the potential of some phenolic glycosides in leaves to serve as additional biomarkers for smoke exposure of vineyards.
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23
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The Occurrence of Glycosylated Aroma Precursors in Vitis vinifera Fruit and Humulus lupulus Hop Cones and Their Roles in Wine and Beer Volatile Aroma Production. Foods 2021; 10:foods10050935. [PMID: 33923228 PMCID: PMC8146117 DOI: 10.3390/foods10050935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Volatile aroma compounds found in grapes and hops may be present as both free volatiles and bound glycosides. Glycosides found in the raw materials are transferred to their respective fermented beverages during production where the odorless compounds may act as a reservoir of free volatiles that may be perceived by the consumer if hydrolyzed. A review of the literature on grape and wine glycosides and the emerging literature for glycosides in hops is presented in order to demonstrate the depth of history in grape glycoside research and may help direct new research on hop glycosides. Focus is brought to the presence of glycosides in the raw materials, the effect that winemaking and brewing have on glycoside levels, and current methods for the analysis of glycosidically linked aroma compounds.
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24
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Tang JR, Chen G, Lu YC, Tang QY, Song WL, Lin Y, Li Y, Peng SF, Yang SC, Zhang GH, Hao B. Identification of two UDP-glycosyltransferases involved in the main oleanane-type ginsenosides in Panax japonicus var. major. PLANTA 2021; 253:91. [PMID: 33818668 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03617-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Two UDP-glycosyltransferases from Panax japonicus var. major were identified, and the biosynthetic pathways of three oleanane-type ginsenosides (chikusetsusaponin IVa, ginsenoside Ro, zingibroside R1) were elucidated. Chikusetsusaponin IVa and ginsenoside Ro are primary active components formed by stepwise glycosylation of oleanolic acid in five medicinal plants of the genus Panax. However, the key UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) in the biosynthetic pathway of chikusetsusaponin IVa and ginsenoside Ro are still unclear. In this study, two UGTs (PjmUGT1 and PjmUGT2) from Panax japonicus var. major involved in the biosynthesis of chikusetsusaponin IVa and ginsenoside Ro were identified based on bioinformatics analysis, heterologous expression and enzyme assays. The results show that PjmUGT1 can transfer a glucose moiety to the C-28 carboxyl groups of oleanolic acid 3-O-β-D-glucuronide and zingibroside R1 to form chikusetsusaponin IVa and ginsenoside Ro, respectively. Meanwhile, PjmUGT2 can transfer a glucose moiety to oleanolic acid 3-O-β-D-glucuronide and chikusetsusaponin IVa to form zingibroside R1 and ginsenoside Ro. This work uncovered the biosynthetic mechanism of chikusetsusaponin IVa and ginsenoside Ro, providing the rational production of valuable saponins through synthetic biology strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Rong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Gemplasm Utilization and Innovation of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Geng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Gemplasm Utilization and Innovation of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Chun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Gemplasm Utilization and Innovation of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Yan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Gemplasm Utilization and Innovation of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Ling Song
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Gemplasm Utilization and Innovation of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Gemplasm Utilization and Innovation of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Gemplasm Utilization and Innovation of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Su-Fang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Gemplasm Utilization and Innovation of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Gemplasm Utilization and Innovation of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Gemplasm Utilization and Innovation of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Gemplasm Utilization and Innovation of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Könen PP, Stötzel I, Schwab W, Wüst M. Qualitative profiling of mono- and sesquiterpenols in aglycon libraries from Vitis vinifera L. Gewürztraminer using multidimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03692-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn grape berries (Vitis vinifera L.), sesquiterpenes are mainly accumulated as hydrocarbons in the epicuticular wax layer of grapes, whereas monoterpenes, which are predominantly present as alcohols, are glycosylated and are stored as glycosides in the vacuoles of grape berry cells. In this study, extensive analysis of grape berry hydrolysates by means of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–time-of-flight–mass spectrometry demonstrated that glycosylated sesquiterpene alcohols show very little structural diversity when compared to the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon fraction in the cuticle and are glycosylated to a rather low extent when compared to monoterpenols. Twenty-four enzymatically released terpenols were found in hydrolysates of the aromatic white wine variety Gewürztraminer (V. vinifera subsp. vinifera) after previous solid-phase extraction and headspace solid-phase microextraction. The detection of only three sesquiterpene alcohols, namely farnesol, nerolidol and drimenol, shows that most sesquiterpene hydrocarbons do not have a related hydroxylated structure in grapes. Nevertheless, the presence of the acyclic aglycone farnesol and nerolidol may be of importance for the wine aroma, since these structural isomers can be converted into numerous sesquiterpenes by nonenzymatic acid-catalyzed reactions during wine production. Grape-derived glycosidically bound sesquiterpene alcohols, therefore, represent, in addition to free sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, another pool of compounds that may influence the aroma profile of wines.
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26
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Wang W, Feng J, Wei L, Khalil-Ur-Rehman M, Nieuwenhuizen NJ, Yang L, Zheng H, Tao J. Transcriptomics Integrated with Free and Bound Terpenoid Aroma Profiling during "Shine Muscat" ( Vitis labrusca × V. vinifera) Grape Berry Development Reveals Coordinate Regulation of MEP Pathway and Terpene Synthase Gene Expression. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:1413-1429. [PMID: 33481572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Terpenes and their derivatives are important biomarkers of grape quality as they contribute to the flavor and aroma of grapes. However, the molecular basis of terpene biosynthesis throughout the grapevine phenological developmental cycle remains elusive. Our current study investigates the free and bound terpene biosynthesis of berries at different phenological stages from preveraison to harvest. Detailed gene expression (transcriptomics) analysis, terpenoid volatile production by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and in planta transient expression were employed. Our results show that concentrations of most individual terpenes at different stages are distinctive and increase from preveraison to the veraison stage followed by a decrease from veraison to maturity. The combined transcriptomic analysis and terpene profiling revealed that 22 genes belonging to the MEP pathway and multiple classes of transcription factor family members including bHLH and several hormone biosynthesis- or signaling-related genes likely participate in the regulation of terpenoid biosynthesis according to their specific expression patterns in berries. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain expression analysis of 8 key differentially expressed genes in MEP pathways and further 12 randomly selected genes was performed during 8 sampling stages and validated the RNA-seq-derived expression profiles. To further confirm the function of a subset of the differentially expressed genes, we investigated the effects of combined overexpression of 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (VvDXS1-LOC100249323), 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase (VvDXR-LOC100248516), and terpene synthase (VvTPS56-LOC100266449) on the production of terpenes by transient overexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. The overall developmental patterns of total terpenes and gene expression profiles will help guide the functional analyses of further candidate genes important for terpene biosynthesis of grape as well as identifying the master transcriptional and hormonal regulators of this pathway in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Jiao Feng
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Lingling Wei
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | | | - Niels J Nieuwenhuizen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lina Yang
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, 3425 New Agricultural Sciences Building, 26506-6201 Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Huan Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Jianmin Tao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
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27
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Gutiérrez-Gamboa G, Zheng W, Martínez de Toda F. Current viticultural techniques to mitigate the effects of global warming on grape and wine quality: A comprehensive review. Food Res Int 2021; 139:109946. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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28
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Lu HC, Chen WK, Wang Y, Bai XJ, Cheng G, Duan CQ, Wang J, He F. Effect of the Seasonal Climatic Variations on the Accumulation of Fruit Volatiles in Four Grape Varieties Under the Double Cropping System. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:809558. [PMID: 35154206 PMCID: PMC8829325 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.809558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The double cropping system has been widely applied in many subtropical viticultural regions. In the 2-year study of 2014-2015, four grape varieties were selected to analyze their fruit volatile compounds in four consecutive seasons in the Guangxi region of South China, which had a typical subtropical humid monsoon climate. Results showed that berries of winter seasons had higher concentrations of terpenes, norisoprenoids, and C6/C9 compounds in "Riesling," "Victoria," and "Muscat Hamburg" grapes in both of the two vintages. However, in the "Cabernet Sauvignon" grapes, only the berries of the 2014 winter season had higher terpene concentrations, but lower norisoprenoid concentrations than those of the corresponding summer season. The Pearson correlation analysis showed the high temperature was the main climate factor that affected volatile compounds between the summer and winter seasons. Hexanal, γ-terpinene, terpinen-4-ol, cis-furan linalool oxide, and trans-pyran linalool oxide were all negatively correlated with the high-temperature hours in all of the four varieties. Transcriptome analysis showed that the upregulated VviDXSs, VviPSYs, and VviCCDs expressions might contribute to the accumulations of terpenes or norisoprenoids in the winter berries of these varieties. Our results provided insights into how climate parameters affected grape volatiles under the double cropping system, which might improve the understanding of the grape berries in response to the climate changes accompanied by extreme weather conditions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Cheng Lu
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Kai Chen
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Xian-Jin Bai
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Guo Cheng
- Grape and Wine Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Chang-Qing Duan
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Fei He
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Fei He,
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29
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Yue X, Ren R, Ma X, Fang Y, Zhang Z, Ju Y. Dynamic changes in monoterpene accumulation and biosynthesis during grape ripening in three Vitis vinifera L. cultivars. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109736. [PMID: 33233302 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Monoterpenes are important aroma components in grapes and wines. We analyzed the free and bound monoterpene profiles and the transcript levels of terpenoid biosynthesis genes in Vitis Vinifera cvs. Muscat Hamburg, Riesling, and Sauvignon Blanc grapes at five ripening stages. Principal component analyses revealed that the three cultivars had different free monoterpene profiles at harvest and the early stage of ripening. In all cultivars, the total bound monoterpene contents were higher than the free monoterpene contents during grape ripening. The changes in monoterpene profiles in different grape varieties were correlated with the transcript levels of some VviTPS and VviGT genes. In Riesling, the VviGT14 and VviUGT88A1L1 transcript levels were related to geraniol glucoside accumulation. In Muscat Hamburg, the VviPNLGl1, VviPNLGl2, and VviPNLGl4 transcript levels were related to linalool accumulation. Understanding the dynamic changes in monoterpene accumulation and biosynthesis will allow winemakers to devise strategies to improve grape and wine aromas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Yue
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China.
| | - Ruihua Ren
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China.
| | - Xin Ma
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Yulin Fang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Yangling 712100, PR China.
| | - Zhenwen Zhang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Yangling 712100, PR China.
| | - Yanlun Ju
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China.
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30
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Schieber A, Wüst M. Volatile Phenols-Important Contributors to the Aroma of Plant-Derived Foods. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194529. [PMID: 33023270 PMCID: PMC7582606 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Volatile phenols like phenylpropanoid and benzoid compounds originate from the aromatic amino acid phenylalanine, which is biosynthesized via the shikimate/arogenate pathway. These volatile compounds contribute to the aroma of a number of economically important plant-derived foods like herbs, spices and fruits. The sequestration of numerous phenylpropanoid and benzoid compounds as glycosides occurs widely in fruits, and this pool represents an important source of flavor that can be released during storage and processing. Therefore, this review will provide an overview of the biosynthesis of free and glycosylated phenylpropanoid and benzoid compounds and their reactions during food processing, which both lead to the generation of odor-active volatile phenols in plant-derived foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schieber
- Chair of Molecular Food Technology, Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 19B, 53115 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Matthias Wüst
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 19B, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-228-73-2361
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31
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Liang Z, Fang Z, Pai A, Luo J, Gan R, Gao Y, Lu J, Zhang P. Glycosidically bound aroma precursors in fruits: A comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:215-243. [PMID: 32880480 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1813684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fruit aroma is mainly contributed by free and glycosidically bound aroma compounds, in which glycosidically bound form can be converted into free form during storage and processing, thereby enhancing the overall aroma property. In recent years, the bound aroma precursors have been widely used as flavor additives in the food industry to enhance, balance and recover the flavor of products. This review summarizes the fruit-derived aroma glycosides in different aspects including chemical structures, enzymatic hydrolysis, biosynthesis and occurrence. Aroma glycosides structurally involve an aroma compound (aglycone) and a sugar moiety (glycone). They can be hydrolyzed to release free volatiles by endo- and/or exo-glucosidase, while their biosynthesis refers to glycosylation process using glycosyltransferases (GTs). So far, aroma glycosides have been found and studied in multiple fruits such as grapes, mangoes, lychees and so on. Additionally, their importance in flavor perception, their utilization in food flavor enhancement and other industrial applications are also discussed. Aroma glycosides can enhance flavor perception via hydrolyzation by β-glucosidase in human saliva. Moreover, they are able to impart product flavor by controlling the liberation of active volatiles in industrial applications. This review provides fundamental information for the future investigation on the fruit-derived aroma glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Liang
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zhongxiang Fang
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ahalya Pai
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jiaqiang Luo
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Renyou Gan
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Gao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Lu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pangzhen Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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32
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Favela-González KM, Hernández-Almanza AY, De la Fuente-Salcido NM. The value of bioactive compounds of cruciferous vegetables (Brassica) as antimicrobials and antioxidants: A review. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13414. [PMID: 32743821 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, consumers are demanding nutrient-rich products for health optimal benefits. In this regard, Brassicaceae family plants, previously named cruciferous, group a large number of widely consumed species around the world. The popularity of Brassica is increasing due to their nutritional value and pharmacological effects. The group includes a large number of vegetable foods such as cabbages, broccoli, cauliflower, mustards as well as, oilseed rapeseed, canola, among others. In recent years, the phytochemical composition of Brassicaceae has been studied deeply because they contain many valuable metabolites, which are directly linked to different recognized biological activities. The scientific evidence confirms diverse medical properties for the treatment of chronic diseases such as obesity, type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, stroke), cancer, and osteoporosis. The unique features of Brassicaceae family plants conferred by their phytochemicals, have extended future prospects about their use for beneficial effects on human nutrition and health worldwide. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: For years, the Brassicaceae plants have been a fascinating research topic, due to their chemical composition characterized by rich in bioactive compounds. The implementation of extracts of these vegetables, causes various beneficial effects of high biological value in the treatment of diseases, owing to their bioactive properties (anti-obesity, anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, gastroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antianemic, and immunomodulator). Therefore, this review summarizes the chemical composition, describes the bioactive compounds isolated in the plant extracts, and highlights diverse biological activities, mainly the antimicrobial and antioxidant capacity. Brassica plants, as source of natural bioactive agents, have a great potential application to improve the human nutrition and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenia Mirozlava Favela-González
- Graduate Program in Biochemical Engineering, Biological Sciences Faculty, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Torreón, México
| | - Ayerim Yedid Hernández-Almanza
- Graduate Program in Biochemical Engineering, Biological Sciences Faculty, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Torreón, México
| | - Norma Margarita De la Fuente-Salcido
- Graduate Program in Biochemical Engineering, Biological Sciences Faculty, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Torreón, México
- Bioprospecting and Bioprocesses Department, Biological Sciences Faculty, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Torreón, México
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Mele MA, Kang HM, Lee YT, Islam MZ. Grape terpenoids: flavor importance, genetic regulation, and future potential. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:1429-1447. [PMID: 32401037 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1760203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Terpenes significantly affect the flavor and quality of grapes and wine. This review summarizes recent research on terpenoids with regard to grape wine. Although, the grapevine terpene synthase gene family is the largest identified, genetic modifications involving terpenes to improve wine flavor have received little attention. Key enzyme modulation alters metabolite production. Over the last decade, the heterologous manipulation of grape glycosidase has been used to alter terpenoids, and cytochrome P450s may affect terpene synthesis. Metabolic and genetic engineering can further modify terpenoid metabolism, while using transgenic grapevines (trait transfer to the plant) could yield more flavorful wine. We also discuss traits involved in wine aroma quality, and the strategies that can be used to improve grapevine breeding technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmuda Akter Mele
- Department of Horticulture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Min Kang
- Department of Horticulture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Tack Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Zahirul Islam
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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Li X, He L, An X, Yu K, Meng N, Duan C, Pan QH. VviWRKY40, a WRKY Transcription Factor, Regulates Glycosylated Monoterpenoid Production by VviGT14 in Grape Berry. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11050485. [PMID: 32365554 PMCID: PMC7290806 DOI: 10.3390/genes11050485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylated volatile precursors are important, particularly in wine grape berries, as they contribute to the final aroma in wines by releasing volatile aglycones during yeast fermentation and wine storage. Previous study demonstrated that VviGT14 was functioned as a critical monoterpene glucosyltransferase in grape berry, while the transcriptional regulation mechanism of VviGT14 was still unknown. Here we identified VviWRKY40 as a binding factor of VviGT14 promoter by both DNA pull-down and yeast one-hybrid screening, followed by a series of in vitro verification. VviWRKY40 expression pattern negatively correlated with that of VviGT14 in grape berries. And the suppressor role of VviWRKY40 was further confirmed by using the dual luciferase assay with Arabidopsis protoplast and grape cell suspension system. Furthermore, the grape suspension cell ABA treatment study showed that ABA downregulated VviWRKY40 transcript level but promoted that of VviGT14, indicating that VviWRKY40 was at the downstream of ABA signal transduction network to regulate monoterpenoid glycosylation. These data extend our knowledge of transcriptional regulation of VviGT14, and provide new targets for grape breeding to alter monoterpenoid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.L.); (L.H.); (X.A.); (K.Y.); (N.M.); (C.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lei He
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.L.); (L.H.); (X.A.); (K.Y.); (N.M.); (C.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaohui An
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.L.); (L.H.); (X.A.); (K.Y.); (N.M.); (C.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Keji Yu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.L.); (L.H.); (X.A.); (K.Y.); (N.M.); (C.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Nan Meng
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.L.); (L.H.); (X.A.); (K.Y.); (N.M.); (C.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Changqing Duan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.L.); (L.H.); (X.A.); (K.Y.); (N.M.); (C.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiu-Hong Pan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.L.); (L.H.); (X.A.); (K.Y.); (N.M.); (C.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-62737136
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Zhao M, Zhang N, Gao T, Jin J, Jing T, Wang J, Wu Y, Wan X, Schwab W, Song C. Sesquiterpene glucosylation mediated by glucosyltransferase UGT91Q2 is involved in the modulation of cold stress tolerance in tea plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:362-372. [PMID: 31828806 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce and emit terpenes, including sesquiterpenes, during growth and development, which serve different functions in plants. The sesquiterpene nerolidol has health-promoting properties and adds a floral scent to plants. However, the glycosylation mechanism of nerolidol and its biological roles in plants remained unknown. Sesquiterpene UDP-glucosyltransferases were selected by using metabolites-genes correlation analysis, and its roles in response to cold stress were studied. We discovered the first plant UGT (UGT91Q2) in tea plant, whose expression is strongly induced by cold stress and which specifically catalyzes the glucosylation of nerolidol. The accumulation of nerolidol glucoside was consistent with the expression level of UGT91Q2 in response to cold stress, as well as in different tea cultivars. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity of nerolidol glucoside was significantly higher than that of free nerolidol. Down-regulation of UGT91Q2 resulted in reduced accumulation of nerolidol glucoside, ROS scavenging capacity and tea plant cold tolerance. Tea plants absorbed airborne nerolidol and converted it to its glucoside, subsequently enhancing tea plant cold stress tolerance. Nerolidol plays a role in response to cold stress as well as in triggering plant-plant communication in response to cold stress. Our findings reveal previously unidentified roles of volatiles in response to abiotic stress in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Ting Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Jieyang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Tingting Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Jingming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Yi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Chuankui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
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Caffrey AJ, Lerno LA, Zweigenbaum J, Ebeler SE. Direct Analysis of Glycosidic Aroma Precursors Containing Multiple Aglycone Classes in Vitis vinifera Berries. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:3817-3833. [PMID: 32129620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b08323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) accurate mass tandem mass spectrometry is a powerful tool for identifying and profiling plant metabolites. Here, we describe an approach to characterize glycosidically bound precursors of monoterpenoids, norisoprenoids, volatile phenols, aliphatic alcohols, and sesquiterpenoids in grapes. Chromatographic separation of glycosylated compounds was evaluated using phenyl-hexyl (reverse phase), glycan/hydrophilic interaction, and porous graphitic carbon (PGC) stationary phases. PGC provided the best UHPLC separation for 102 tentatively identified aroma precursors in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Riesling and Muscat of Alexandria berries. Monoterpene-triol, monoterpene-tetraol, and sesquiterpenol glycosides were tentatively identified for the first time in grapes, and a C6-alcohol trisaccharide was tentatively identified for the first time in any plant. Comparison of glycosylated aroma molecules in Riesling and Muscat of Alexandria grapes showed that the two varieties were distinguishable based on relative abundances of shared glycosides and the presence of glycosides unique to a single variety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Caffrey
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Food Safety and Measurement Facility, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Larry A Lerno
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Food Safety and Measurement Facility, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Jerry Zweigenbaum
- Agilent Technologies, Inc., Wilmington, Delaware 19808, United States
| | - Susan E Ebeler
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Food Safety and Measurement Facility, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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Chen Y, Guo X, Gao T, Zhang N, Wan X, Schwab W, Song C. UGT74AF3 enzymes specifically catalyze the glucosylation of 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethylfuran-3(2H)-one, an important volatile compound in Camellia sinensis. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 7:25. [PMID: 32140234 PMCID: PMC7049299 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-0248-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
4-Hydroxy-2,5-dimethylfuran-3(2H)-one (HDMF) is an important odorant in some fruits, and is proposed to play a crucial role in the caramel-like notes of some teas. However, its biosynthesis and metabolism in tea plants are still unknown. Here, HDMF glucoside was unambiguously identified as a native metabolite in tea plants. A novel glucosyltransferase UGT74AF3a and its allelic protein UGT74AF3b specifically catalyzed the glucosylation of HDMF and the commercially important structural homologues 2 (or 5)-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5 (or 2)-methylfuran-3(2H)-one (EHMF) and 4-hydroxy-5-methylfuran-3(2H)-one (HMF) to their corresponding β-D-glucosides. Site-directed mutagenesis of UGT74AF3b to introduce a single A456V mutation resulted in improved HDMF and EHMF glucosylation activity and affected the sugar donor preference compared with that of the wild-type control enzyme. The accumulation of HDMF glucoside was consistent with the transcript levels of UGT74AF3 in different tea cultivars. In addition, transient UGT74AF3a overexpression in tobacco significantly increased the HDMF glucoside contents, and downregulation of UGT74AF3 transcripts in tea leaves significantly reduced the concentration of HDMF glucoside compared with the levels in the controls. The identification of HDMF glucoside in the tea plant and the discovery of a novel-specific UDP-glucose:HDMF glucosyltransferase in tea plants provide the foundation for improvement of tea flavor and the biotechnological production of HDMF glucoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui P. R. China
| | - Xiangyang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui P. R. China
| | - Ting Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui P. R. China
| | - Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui P. R. China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui P. R. China
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui P. R. China
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Chuankui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui P. R. China
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He L, Xu XQ, Wang Y, Chen WK, Sun RZ, Cheng G, Liu B, Chen W, Duan CQ, Wang J, Pan QH. Modulation of volatile compound metabolome and transcriptome in grape berries exposed to sunlight under dry-hot climate. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:59. [PMID: 32019505 PMCID: PMC7001266 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-2268-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basal leaf removal is widely practiced to increase grape cluster sunlight exposure that controls berry rot and improves quality. Studies on its influence on volatile compounds in grape berries have been performed mostly in Mediterranean or marine climate regions. It is uncertain whether similar efficiency can be achieved when grape berries are grown under continental climate. This study aimed to dissect the variation in volatile compound production and transcriptome in sunlight-exposed grape berries in a dry-hot climate region and to propose the key genes related to the variation. RESULTS Four cluster sunlight exposure strategies, including basal leaf removal at pepper-corn size stage, leaf removal at véraison (LR-V), leaf moving at véraison (LM-V), and half-leaf removal at véraison, were implemented at the north foot of the Mt. Tianshan region of northwestern China. Various cluster exposure treatments resulted in a decline in the concentrations of norisoprenoids and monoterpenes in ripening grape berries. Both β-carotene and lutein, the substrates of norisoprenoid biosynthesis, were reduced by cluster sunlight exposure. K-means cluster analysis showed that some genes involved in biosynthesis such as VviTPS55, VviTPS60, VviTPS66, VviCCD4a and VviCCD4b exhibited lower expression levels in exposed berries at least at one of the tested stages. Two C6-derived esters with fruity attributes, ethyl hexanoate and hexyl acetate, were reduced markedly. In contrast, main C6 alcohol compound levels were elevated in the LR-V- and LM-V-treated grape berries, which corresponded to the up-regulated expression of VviLOXA, VviLOXO and VviADH1 in the oxylipin pathway. Most of the differentially expressed genes in the exposed and control berries were enriched to the "stress response" processes, and this transcriptome difference was accumulated as the berries matured. Besides, LR-V treatment stimulated a significant up-regulation in photosynthesis-related genes in the grape berries, which did not happen with LM-V treatment. CONCLUSIONS Cluster sunlight exposure in dry-hot climate viticulture resulted in different volatile-targeted transcriptomic and metabolic responses from those obtained in the temperate Mediterranean or marine climate region. Therefore, a modified canopy management should be adopted to improve the aroma of grape berries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Xu
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wei-Kai Chen
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Run-Ze Sun
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Guo Cheng
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wu Chen
- CITIC Guoan Wine Co. Ltd., Manas, Xinjiang, 832200, China
| | - Chang-Qing Duan
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qiu-Hong Pan
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Yue X, Ma X, Tang Y, Wang Y, Wu B, Jiao X, Zhang Z, Ju Y. Effect of cluster zone leaf removal on monoterpene profiles of Sauvignon Blanc grapes and wines. Food Res Int 2020; 131:109028. [PMID: 32247455 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Monoterpenes contribute to the varietal aromas of grapes and wines. We determined the effects of cluster zone leaf removal on the monoterpene profiles of Sauvignon Blanc grape berries and wines, and on the expression of key genes in the terpenoid pathway. Leaf removal at two intensities (half basic, 50%; full basic, 100%) was conducted at two weeks before veraison, veraison, and two weeks after veraison. Half basic leaf removal increased the pH and decreased the tartaric acid content in grapes and wines. The concentrations of most free- and bound-form monoterpenes in grapes were increased by early leaf removal. The total monoterpene contents were increased in wines in the defoliation treatments, but were significantly lower in wines from the full basic leaf removal treatments than in wines from the half basic leaf removal treatments. The defoliation treatments resulted in increased transcript levels of some key genes in terpene biosynthesis (VvPNLinNer1, VvPNLinNer2, VvPNLNGl1, VvPNLNGl2, and VvUGT88A1L1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Yue
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China.
| | - Xin Ma
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Yali Tang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China.
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China.
| | - Bowen Wu
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Xuliang Jiao
- Sino-French Joint Venture Dynasty Winery LTD, Tianjin 300402, PR China
| | - Zhenwen Zhang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Yangling 712100, PR China.
| | - Yanlun Ju
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China.
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40
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Zhou HC, Shamala LF, Yi XK, Yan Z, Wei S. Analysis of Terpene Synthase Family Genes in Camellia sinensis with an Emphasis on Abiotic Stress Conditions. Sci Rep 2020; 10:933. [PMID: 31969641 PMCID: PMC6976640 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57805-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
For a better understanding terpenoid volatile production in Camellia sinensis, global terpenoid synthase gene (TPS) transcription analysis was conducted based on transcriptomic data combined with terpenoid metabolic profiling under different abiotic stress conditions. Totally 80 TPS-like genes were identified. Twenty-three CsTPS genes possessed a complete coding sequence and most likely were functional. The remaining 57 in the currently available database lack essential gene structure or full-length transcripts. Distinct tempo-spatial expression patterns of CsTPS genes were found in tea plants. 17 genes were substantially expressed in all the tested organs with a few exceptions. The other 17 were predominantly expressed in leaves whereas additional eight were primarily expressed in flowers. Under the treatments of cold acclimation, salt and polyethylene glycol, CsTPS67, -69 and -71 were all suppressed and the inhibited expression of many others were found in multiple stress treatments. However, methyl jasmonate resulted in the enhanced expression of the majority of CsTPS genes. These transcription data were largely validated using qPCR. Moreover, volatile terpenoid profiling with leaves, flowers and stress-treated plants revealed a general association between the abundances of mono- and sesqui-terpenoids and some CsTPS genes. These results provide vital information for future studies on CsTPS regulation of terpenoid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Chen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Tea Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huangshan, China
| | - Lubobi Ferdinand Shamala
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xing-Kai Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Horticultural Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Zhen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Shu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.
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41
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Ferreira V, Lopez R. The Actual and Potential Aroma of Winemaking Grapes. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E818. [PMID: 31816941 PMCID: PMC6995537 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This review intends to rationalize the knowledge related to the aroma of grapes and to the aroma of wine with specific origin in molecules formed in grapes. The actual flavor of grapes is formed by the few free aroma molecules already found in the pulp and in the skin, plus by those aroma molecules quickly formed by enzymatic/catalytic reactions. The review covers key aroma components of aromatic grapes, raisins and raisinized grapes, and the aroma components responsible from green and vegetal notes. This knowledge is used to explain the flavor properties of neutral grapes. The aroma potential of grape is the consequence of five different systems/pools of specific aroma precursors that during fermentation and/or aging, release wine varietal aroma. In total, 27 relevant wine aroma compounds can be considered that proceed from grape specific precursors. Some of them are immediately formed during fermentation, while some others require long aging time to accumulate. Precursors are glycosides, glutathionyl and cysteinyl conjugates, and other non-volatile molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Ferreira
- Laboratory for Aroma Analysis and Enology (LAAE), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) (UNIZAR-CITA), c/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
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Xiao X, Lu Q, Liu R, Gong J, Gong W, Liu A, Ge Q, Li J, Shang H, Li P, Deng X, Li S, Zhang Q, Niu D, Chen Q, Shi Y, Zhang H, Yuan Y. Genome-wide characterization of the UDP-glycosyltransferase gene family in upland cotton. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:453. [PMID: 31832300 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1984-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) involved in many metabolic processes are ubiquitous in plants, animals, microorganisms and other organisms and are essential for their growth and development. Upland cotton contains a large number of UGT genes. In this study, we aimed to identify UGT family members in the genome of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and analyze their expression patterns. Bioinformatics methods were used to identify UGT genes from the whole genome of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. acc. TM-1). Phylogenetic analysis was conducted based on alignment of UGT proteins from upland cotton, and the gene structure, motif and chromosome localization were analyzed for the H subgroup of the UGT family. And the physical and chemical properties and expressions of the genes in the H subgroup of this family were also analyzed. A total of 274 UGT genes were identified from the whole genome of upland cotton and were divided into nine subgroups based on phylogenetic analyses. In subgroup H, 36 genes were distributed on 18 chromosomes. The subfamily genes were simple in the structure, 19 of its members contained two introns, and the others contained only one intron. The qRT-PCR results and transcriptomic data indicated that most of the genes had a wide range of tissue expression characteristics. And the phylogenetic analysis results and expression profiles of these genes revealed tissues and different UGT genes from this crop. Taking RNA-seq, RT-qPCR, and quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping together, our results suggested that GhUGT6 and GhUGT105 in subgroup H of the GhUGT gene family could be potential candidate genes for cotton yield, and GhUGT16, GhUGT103 might play a vital role in fiber development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghui Xiao
- 1College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
- 2State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Quanwei Lu
- 2State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- 3School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Ruixian Liu
- 2State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Juwu Gong
- 2State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Wankui Gong
- 2State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Aiying Liu
- 2State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Qun Ge
- 2State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Junwen Li
- 2State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Haihong Shang
- 2State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Pengtao Li
- 2State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- 3School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Xiaoying Deng
- 2State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Shaoqi Li
- 2State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- 2State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Doudou Niu
- 2State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Quanjia Chen
- 1College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yuzhen Shi
- 2State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- 1College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Youlu Yuan
- 1College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
- 2State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
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Zheng R, Zhu Z, Wang Y, Hu S, Xi W, Xiao W, Qu X, Zhong L, Fu Q, Wang C. UGT85A84 Catalyzes the Glycosylation of Aromatic Monoterpenes in Osmanthus fragrans Lour. Flowers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1376. [PMID: 31849999 PMCID: PMC6902048 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The monoterpenes linalool and its oxides are the key aroma-active compounds in Osmanthus fragrans Lour. flowers. The glycosides of these monoterpenes accumulate throughout flowering, leading to considerable storage of potential aroma constituents that account for the majority of non-volatile aroma compounds. However, the UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT) responsible for the glycosylation of linalool and its oxides has not been clarified. Four candidate OfUGTs (UGT85A82, UGT85A83, UGT85AF3, and UGT85A84) with high homology to the known terpenoid UGTs were screened by transcriptome sequencing. Over-expression of the candidate OfUGTs in tobacco showed that UGT85A84 glycosylated linalool oxides in planta. Since the transcript levels of UGT85A84 were positively correlated with glycoside accumulation, the recombinant UGT85A84 protein was subjected to reactions with aglycones and sugar donors. Two formate adducts were exclusively detected in UDP-Glc with linalool and linalool oxide reactions by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), indicating that UDP-Glc was the specific sugar donor. The kinetic parameters demonstrated that UGT85A84 glycosylated both linalool and lianlool oxides in vitro. Further analysis demonstrated that the transcription levels of MEP pathway genes might play an important role in mediating terpenoid glycosylation. Our findings unraveled the mechanism underlying the glycosylation of essential aroma compounds in flowers. This study will facilitate the application of potential aroma contributors in future industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riru Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Horticultural Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenyin Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Horticultural Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Horticultural Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiyang Hu
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Horticultural Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Wan Xi
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Horticultural Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Horticultural Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolu Qu
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Horticultural Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Linlin Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Horticultural Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Horticultural Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Caiyun Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Horticultural Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
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Wang J, Abbey T, Kozak B, Madilao LL, Tindjau R, Del Nin J, Castellarin SD. Evolution over the growing season of volatile organic compounds in Viognier (Vitis vinifera L.) grapes under three irrigation regimes. Food Res Int 2019; 125:108512. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Joshi R, Trinkl J, Haugeneder A, Härtl K, Franz-Oberdorf K, Giri A, Hoffmann T, Schwab W. Semirational design and engineering of grapevine glucosyltransferases for enhanced activity and modified product selectivity. Glycobiology 2019; 29:765-775. [PMID: 31361022 PMCID: PMC6835047 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwz056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Uridine diphosphate-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs) catalyze the transfer of a diversity of sugars to several acceptor molecules and often exhibit distinct substrate specificity. Modulation of glycosyltransferases for increased catalytic activity and altered substrate or product specificity are the key manipulations for the biotechnological use of glycosyltransferases in various biosynthetic processes. Here, we have engineered the binding pocket of three previously characterized Vitis vinifera glycosyltransferases, UGT88F12, UGT72B27 and UGT92G6, by structure-guided in silico mutagenesis to facilitate the interactions of active site residues with flavonol glucosides and thus modify substrate specificity and activity. Site-directed mutagenesis at selected sites, followed with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry based activity assays, exhibited that mutant UGTs were altered in product selectivity and activity as compared to the wild-type enzymes. Mutant UGTs produced larger amounts of flavonol di-monosaccharide glucosides, which imply that the mutations led to structural changes that increased the volume of the binding pocket to accommodate a larger substrate and to release larger products at ease. Mutants showed increased activity and modified product specificity. Thus, structure-based systematic mutations of the amino acid residues in the binding pocket can be explored for the generation of engineered UGTs for diverse biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Joshi
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology (IBB), Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India.,Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, Germany.,Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Johanna Trinkl
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, Germany
| | - Annika Haugeneder
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, Germany
| | - Katja Härtl
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, Germany
| | - Katrin Franz-Oberdorf
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, Germany
| | - Ashok Giri
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Thomas Hoffmann
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, Germany
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, Germany
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Lin J, Massonnet M, Cantu D. The genetic basis of grape and wine aroma. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2019; 6:81. [PMID: 31645942 PMCID: PMC6804543 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0163-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The grape is one of the oldest and most important horticultural crops. Grape and wine aroma has long been of cultural and scientific interest. The diverse compound classes comprising aroma result from multiple biosynthetic pathways. Only fairly recently have researchers begun to elucidate the genetic mechanisms behind the biosynthesis and metabolism of grape volatile compounds. This review summarizes current findings regarding the genetic bases of grape and wine aroma with an aim towards highlighting areas in need of further study. From the literature, we compiled a list of functionally characterized genes involved in berry aroma biosynthesis and present them with their corresponding annotation in the grape reference genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Lin
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Mélanie Massonnet
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Dario Cantu
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA
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Godshaw J, Hjelmeland AK, Zweigenbaum J, Ebeler SE. Changes in glycosylation patterns of monoterpenes during grape berry maturation in six cultivars of Vitis vinifera. Food Chem 2019; 297:124921. [PMID: 31253264 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.05.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Plants conjugate monoterpenoids to sugars, rendering them non-volatile. Hydrolysis of these glycosidic precursors frees the volatile aroma compounds. Here, we profile intact monoterpenyl glycosides in six Vitis vinifera grape berry cultivars. Relative concentrations of twenty-six monoterpenyl glycosides, including nine new putatively identified compounds, were analyzed by UHPLC-QTOF MS/MS at three times during grape maturation (pre-véraison, véraison, and post-véraison). Total glycoside content reached a maximum in Muscat cultivars post-véraison but remained relatively constant in all other cultivars. Three types of monoterpenyl glycosides predominated in all samples: malonylated monoterpenol glucosides, monoterpenol hexose-pentoses, and monoterpendiol hexose-pentoses. The two Muscat cultivars were not differentiated at the earlier developmental stages but could be differentiated post-véraison. In contrast, similarities between Chardonnay and Pinot noir glycoside profiles developed post-véraison. Overall monoterpene glycoconjugation patterns may align with underlying genetic relationships among cultivars. By understanding monoterpene glycoconjugation in wine grapes, scientists and winemakers can better understand grape and wine aromas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Godshaw
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States; Food Safety and Measurement Facility, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | | | | | - Susan E Ebeler
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States; Food Safety and Measurement Facility, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
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Rahimi S, Kim J, Mijakovic I, Jung KH, Choi G, Kim SC, Kim YJ. Triterpenoid-biosynthetic UDP-glycosyltransferases from plants. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:107394. [PMID: 31078628 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Triterpenoid saponins are naturally occurring structurally diverse glycosides of triterpenes that are widely distributed among plant species. Great interest has been expressed by pharmaceutical and agriculture industries for the glycosylation of triterpenes. Such modifications alter their taste and bio-absorbability, affect their intra-/extracellular transport and storage in plants, and induce novel biological activities in the human body. Uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) catalyze glycosylation using UDP sugar donors. These enzymes belong to a multigene family and recognize diverse natural products, including triterpenes, as the acceptor molecules. For this review, we collected and analyzed all of the UGT sequences found in Arabidopsis thaliana as well as 31 other species of triterpene-producing plants. To identify potential UGTs with novel functions in triterpene glycosylation, we screened and classified those candidates based on similarity with UGTs from Panax ginseng, Glycine max, Medicago truncatula, Saponaria vaccaria, and Barbarea vulgaris that are known to function in glycosylate triterpenes. We highlight recent findings on UGT inducibility by methyl jasmonate, tissue-specific expression, and subcellular localization, while also describing their catalytic activity in terms of regioselectivity for potential key UGTs dedicated to triterpene glycosylation in plants. Discovering these new UGTs expands our capacity to manipulate the biological and physicochemical properties of such valuable molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Rahimi
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Intelligent Synthetic Biology Center, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea; Systems and Synthetic Biology, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Jaewook Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ivan Mijakovic
- Systems and Synthetic Biology, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Giltsu Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Chang Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Intelligent Synthetic Biology Center, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea.
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Jing T, Zhang N, Gao T, Zhao M, Jin J, Chen Y, Xu M, Wan X, Schwab W, Song C. Glucosylation of (Z)-3-hexenol informs intraspecies interactions in plants: A case study in Camellia sinensis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:1352-1367. [PMID: 30421786 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants emit a variety of volatiles in response to herbivore attack, and (Z)-3-hexenol and its glycosides have been shown to function as defence compounds. Although the ability to incorporate and convert (Z)-3-hexenol to glycosides is widely conserved in plants, the enzymes responsible for the glycosylation of (Z)-3-hexenol remained unknown until today. In this study, uridine-diphosphate-dependent glycosyltransferase (UGT) candidate genes were selected by correlation analysis and their response to airborne (Z)-3-hexenol, which has been shown to be taken up by the tea plant. The allelic proteins UGT85A53-1 and UGT85A53-2 showed the highest activity towards (Z)-3-hexenol and are distinct from UGT85A53-3, which displayed a similar catalytic efficiency for (Z)-3-hexenol and nerol. A single amino acid exchange E59D enhanced the activity towards (Z)-3-hexenol, whereas a L445M mutation reduced the catalytic activity towards all substrates tested. Transient overexpression of CsUGT85A53-1 in tobacco significantly increased the level of (Z)-3-hexenyl glucoside. The functional characterization of CsUGT85A53 as a (Z)-3-hexenol UGT not only provides the foundation for the biotechnological production of (Z)-3-hexenyl glucoside but also delivers insights for the development of novel insect pest control strategies in tea plant and might be generally applicable to other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ting Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mingyue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jieyang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yongxian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Miaojing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Chuankui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Meng X, Li Y, Zhou T, Sun W, Shan X, Gao X, Wang L. Functional Differentiation of Duplicated Flavonoid 3- O-Glycosyltransferases in the Flavonol and Anthocyanin Biosynthesis of Freesia hybrida. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1330. [PMID: 31681396 PMCID: PMC6813240 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Flavonols and anthocyanins are two widely distributed groups of flavonoids that occurred apart during plant evolution and biosynthesized by shared specific enzymes involved in flavonoid metabolism. UDP-glucose, flavonoid 3-O-glycosyltransferase (UF3GT), is one of the common enzymes which could catalyze the glycosylation of both flavonol and anthocyanidin aglycons simultaneously in vitro. However, whether and how UF3GT paralogous genes function diversely at the biochemical and transcriptional levels are largely unknown. Recently, Fh3GT1 was identified to be a member of UF3GTs in Freesia hybrida. However, its expression patterns and enzymatic characteristics could not coincide well with flavonol accumulation. In an attempt to characterize other flavonoids, especially flavonol glycosyltransferase genes in Freesia, three closest candidate UFGT genes-Fh3GT2, Fh3GT3, and Fh3GT4-were mined from the Freesia transcriptomic database and isolated from the flowers of the widely distributed Freesia cultivar, Red River®. Based on bioinformatic analysis and enzymatic assays, Fh3GT2 turned out to be another bona fide glycosyltransferase gene. Biochemical analysis further proved that Fh3GT2 preferentially glucosylated kaempferol while Fh3GT1 controlled the glucosylation of quercetin and anthocyanidins. In addition, transfection assays demonstrated that Fh3GT2 could be mainly activated by the flavonol regulator FhMYBF1 or the anthocyanin regulator FhPAP1, whereas Fh3GT1 could only be activated by FhPAP1. These findings suggested that Fh3GTs might have functionally diverged in flavonoid biosynthesis at both the biochemical and transcriptional levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Meng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yueqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Tongtong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Development Regulation, School of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaotong Shan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biology Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xiang Gao, ; Li Wang,
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xiang Gao, ; Li Wang,
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