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Sadka A, Walker CH, Haim D, Bennett T. Just enough fruit: understanding feedback mechanisms during sexual reproductive development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:2448-2461. [PMID: 36724082 PMCID: PMC10112685 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The fruit and seed produced by a small number of crop plants provide the majority of food eaten across the world. Given the growing global population, there is a pressing need to increase yields of these crops without using more land or more chemical inputs. Many of these crops display prominent 'fruit-flowering feedbacks', in which fruit produced early in sexual reproductive development can inhibit the production of further fruit by a range of mechanisms. Understanding and overcoming these feedbacks thus presents a plausible route to increasing crop yields 'for free'. In this review, we define three key types of fruit-flowering feedback, and examine how frequent they are and their effects on reproduction in a wide range of both wild and cultivated species. We then assess how these phenomenologically distinct phenomena might arise from conserved phytohormonal signalling events, particularly the export of auxin from growing organs. Finally, we offer some thoughts on the evolutionary basis for these self-limiting sexual reproductive patterns, and whether they are also present in the cereal crops that fundamentally underpin global diets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catriona H Walker
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Dor Haim
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Institute of Plant Sciences, ARO, The Volcani Institute, Rishon Le’Zion 7528809, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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Comparative Analysis of the Transcriptomes of Persisting and Abscised Fruitlets: Insights into Plant Hormone and Carbohydrate Metabolism Regulated Self-Thinning of Pecan Fruitlets during the Early Stage. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 44:176-193. [PMID: 35723392 PMCID: PMC8929008 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pecan is one of the most popular nut species in the world. The fruit drop rate of the pecan ‘Pawnee’ is more than 57%, with four fruit drop stages, which is very serious. In this study, we conducted transcriptomic profiling of persisting and abscised fruitlets in early fruit development by RNA-seq. A total of 11,976 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, 3012 upregulated and 8964 downregulated, in a comparison of abscised vs. persisting fruitlets at 35 days after anthesis (DAA). Our transcriptomic data suggest that gene subsets encoding elements involving the biosynthesis, metabolism, perception, signal transduction, and crosstalk of the plant hormones abscisic acid (ABA), auxin, cytokinin, ethylene, and gibberellin (GA) and plant growth regulators jasmonates, salicylic acid, and brassinosteroids were differentially expressed. In addition, the majority of transcriptionally activated genes involved in hormone signaling (except for ethylene and salicylic acid signaling) were downregulated in abscised fruitlets. The differential expression of transcripts coding for enzymes involved in sucrose, glucose, trehalose, starch, galactose, and galactinol metabolism shows that sucrose, galactinol, and glucose synthesis and starch content were reduced as starch biosynthesis was blocked, and retrogradation and degradation intensified. These results suggest that the abscised pecan fruitlets stopped growing and developing for some time before dropping, further indicating that their sugar supply was reduced or stopped. The transcriptome characterization described in this paper contributes to unravelling the molecular mechanisms and pathways involved in the physiological abscission of pecan fruits.
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Jin D, Wang X, Xu Y, Gui H, Zhang H, Dong Q, Sikder RK, Yang G, Song M. Chemical Defoliant Promotes Leaf Abscission by Altering ROS Metabolism and Photosynthetic Efficiency in Gossypium hirsutum. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082738. [PMID: 32326540 PMCID: PMC7215509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical defoliation is an important part of cotton mechanical harvesting, which can effectively reduce the impurity content. Thidiazuron (TDZ) is the most used chemical defoliant on cotton. To better clarify the mechanism of TDZ promoting cotton leaf abscission, a greenhouse experiment was conducted on two cotton cultivars (CRI 12 and CRI 49) by using 100 mg L−1 TDZ at the eight-true-leaf stage. Results showed that TDZ significantly promoted the formation of leaf abscission zone and leaf abscission. Although the antioxidant enzyme activities were improved, the reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents of TDZ increased significantly compared with CK (water). The photosynthesis system was destroyed as net photosynthesis (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), and stomatal conductance (Gs) decreased dramatically by TDZ. Furthermore, comparative RNA-seq analysis of the leaves showed that all of the photosynthetic related genes were downregulated and the oxidation-reduction process participated in leaf shedding caused by TDZ. Consequently, a hypothesis involving possible cross-talk between ROS metabolism and photosynthesis jointly regulating cotton leaf abscission is proposed. Our findings not only provide important insights into leaf shedding-associated changes induced by TDZ in cotton, but also highlight the possibility that the ROS and photosynthesis may play a critical role in the organ shedding process in other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingsha Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (D.J.); (X.W.); (Y.X.); (H.G.); (H.Z.); (Q.D.); (R.K.S.)
| | - Xiangru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (D.J.); (X.W.); (Y.X.); (H.G.); (H.Z.); (Q.D.); (R.K.S.)
| | - Yanchao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (D.J.); (X.W.); (Y.X.); (H.G.); (H.Z.); (Q.D.); (R.K.S.)
| | - Huiping Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (D.J.); (X.W.); (Y.X.); (H.G.); (H.Z.); (Q.D.); (R.K.S.)
| | - Hengheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (D.J.); (X.W.); (Y.X.); (H.G.); (H.Z.); (Q.D.); (R.K.S.)
| | - Qiang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (D.J.); (X.W.); (Y.X.); (H.G.); (H.Z.); (Q.D.); (R.K.S.)
| | - Ripon Kumar Sikder
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (D.J.); (X.W.); (Y.X.); (H.G.); (H.Z.); (Q.D.); (R.K.S.)
| | - Guozheng Yang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming system in the Middle Reaches of Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China
- Correspondence: (G.Y.); (M.S.); Tel.: +86-0372-2562308 (M.S.)
| | - Meizhen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (D.J.); (X.W.); (Y.X.); (H.G.); (H.Z.); (Q.D.); (R.K.S.)
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Correspondence: (G.Y.); (M.S.); Tel.: +86-0372-2562308 (M.S.)
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Heo S, Chung YS. Validation of MADS-box genes from apple fruit pedicels during early fruit abscission by transcriptome analysis and real-time PCR. Genes Genomics 2019; 41:1241-1251. [PMID: 31350732 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-019-00852-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fruit abscission in an isolated region called abscission zone (AZ) is regulated by several genes including JOINTLESS, MACROCALYX and SEPALLATA, MADS-box genes, in tomato. OBJECTIVE The surviving central pedicels and the abscised lateral pedicels were examined in fruit clusters in order to investigate apple MADS-box genes from fruit pedicels of self-abscising apple 'Saika' during early fruit abscission. METHODS After performing RNA-Seq, transcription profiling was conducted on the MADS-box genes from apple central and lateral pedicels. The JOINTLESS homolog of apple (MdJOINTLESS) was amplified using degenerate primers annealing to a highly conserved domain based on the orthologous genes of various crops, including JOINTLESS gene of tomato. The expression pattern of MdJOINTLESS was investigated in central and lateral pedicles by real-time PCR. RESULTS Some homologs were found which similar to JOINTLESS, MACROCALYX and SEPALLATA of tomato MADS-box genes from transcriptome analysis and RACE. Using phylogenetic analyses with the MADS-box gene family, MdJOINTLESS was classified into the SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) clade that included Arabidopsis and other crops. The expression level of MdJOINTLESS in central pedicel was more than twice as high as that of lateral pedicel. CONCLUSION In the current study, we could find apple homologs of JOINTLESS, MACROCALYX, SEPALLATA, which were known to regulate pedicel AZ development in tomato. Furthermore, MdJOINTLESS might contribute to auxin gradation, influencing hierarchical ranking of auxin transport between fruit pedicels of self-abscising apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Heo
- Apple Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Gunwi, 39000, South Korea
- Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Yong Suk Chung
- Department of Plant Resources and Environment, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, South Korea.
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Goyet V, Billard E, Pouvreau JB, Lechat MM, Pelletier S, Bahut M, Monteau F, Spíchal L, Delavault P, Montiel G, Simier P. Haustorium initiation in the obligate parasitic plant Phelipanche ramosa involves a host-exudated cytokinin signal. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:5539-5552. [PMID: 29069455 PMCID: PMC5853424 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The heterotrophic lifestyle of parasitic plants relies on the development of the haustorium, a specific infectious organ required for attachment to host roots. While haustorium development is initiated upon chemodetection of host-derived molecules in hemiparasitic plants, the induction of haustorium formation remains largely unknown in holoparasitic species such as Phelipanche ramosa. This work demonstrates that the root exudates of the host plant Brassica napus contain allelochemicals displaying haustorium-inducing activity on P. ramosa germinating seeds, which increases the parasite aggressiveness. A de novo assembled transcriptome and microarray approach with P. ramosa during early haustorium formation upon treatment with B. napus root exudates allowed the identification of differentially expressed genes involved in hormone signaling. Bioassays using exogenous cytokinins and the specific cytokinin receptor inhibitor PI-55 showed that cytokinins induced haustorium formation and increased parasite aggressiveness. Root exudates triggered the expression of cytokinin-responsive genes during early haustorium development in germinated seeds, and bio-guided UPLC-ESI(+)-/MS/MS analysis showed that these exudates contain a cytokinin with dihydrozeatin characteristics. These results suggest that cytokinins constitutively exudated from host roots play a major role in haustorium formation and aggressiveness in P. ramosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Goyet
- Université de Nantes, Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales, EA 1157, SFR 4207 QUASAV, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Estelle Billard
- Université de Nantes, Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales, EA 1157, SFR 4207 QUASAV, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Bernard Pouvreau
- Université de Nantes, Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales, EA 1157, SFR 4207 QUASAV, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Marc-Marie Lechat
- Université de Nantes, Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales, EA 1157, SFR 4207 QUASAV, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Sandra Pelletier
- IRHS UMR1345, INRA, AGROCAMPUS-Ouest, Université d’Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49071 Beaucouzé cedex, France
| | - Muriel Bahut
- Plateau Technique Mutualisé ANAN, SFR 4207 QUASAV, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49071 Beaucouzé, France
| | - Fabrice Monteau
- ONIRIS, USC 2013, LABERCA, Atlanpole-La Chantrerie, BP 50707, 44307 Nantes, France
| | - Lukáš Spíchal
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Philippe Delavault
- Université de Nantes, Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales, EA 1157, SFR 4207 QUASAV, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Grégory Montiel
- Université de Nantes, Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales, EA 1157, SFR 4207 QUASAV, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Simier
- Université de Nantes, Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales, EA 1157, SFR 4207 QUASAV, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 44322 Nantes, France
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Dheilly E, Gall SL, Guillou MC, Renou JP, Bonnin E, Orsel M, Lahaye M. Cell wall dynamics during apple development and storage involves hemicellulose modifications and related expressed genes. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:201. [PMID: 27630120 PMCID: PMC5024441 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0887-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fruit quality depends on a series of biochemical events that modify appearance, flavour and texture throughout fruit development and ripening. Cell wall polysaccharide remodelling largely contributes to the elaboration of fleshy fruit texture. Although several genes and enzymes involved in cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis and modifications are known, their coordinated activity in these processes is yet to be discovered. RESULTS Combined transcriptomic and biochemical analyses allowed the identification of putative enzymes and related annotated members of gene families involved in cell wall polysaccharide composition and structural changes during apple fruit growth and ripening. The early development genes were mainly related to cell wall biosynthesis and degradation with a particular target on hemicelluloses. Fine structural evolutions of galactoglucomannan were strongly correlated with mannan synthase, glucanase (GH9) and β-galactosidase gene expression. In contrast, fewer genes related to pectin metabolism and cell expansion (expansin genes) were observed in ripening fruit combined with expected changes in cell wall polysaccharide composition. CONCLUSIONS Hemicelluloses undergo major structural changes particularly during early fruit development. The high number of early expressed β-galactosidase genes questions their function on galactosylated structures during fruit development and storage. Their activity and cell wall substrate remains to be identified. Moreover, new insights into the potential role of peroxidases and transporters, along with cell wall metabolism open the way to further studies on concomitant mechanisms involved in cell wall assembly/disassembly during fruit development and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Dheilly
- INRA UR 1268 Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, F-44316 Nantes, France
- IRHS, INRA, AGROCAMPUS-Ouest, Université d’Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49071 Beaucouzé cedex, France
| | - Sophie Le Gall
- INRA UR 1268 Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, F-44316 Nantes, France
| | - Marie-Charlotte Guillou
- IRHS, INRA, AGROCAMPUS-Ouest, Université d’Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49071 Beaucouzé cedex, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Renou
- IRHS, INRA, AGROCAMPUS-Ouest, Université d’Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49071 Beaucouzé cedex, France
| | - Estelle Bonnin
- INRA UR 1268 Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, F-44316 Nantes, France
| | - Mathilde Orsel
- IRHS, INRA, AGROCAMPUS-Ouest, Université d’Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49071 Beaucouzé cedex, France
| | - Marc Lahaye
- INRA UR 1268 Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, F-44316 Nantes, France
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Haberman A, Ackerman M, Crane O, Kelner JJ, Costes E, Samach A. Different flowering response to various fruit loads in apple cultivars correlates with degree of transcript reaccumulation of a TFL1-encoding gene. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 87:161-173. [PMID: 27121325 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In many perennial fruit trees, flowering in the year following a year with heavy fruit load can be quite limited. This biennial cycle of fruiting, termed alternate bearing, was described 170 years ago in apple (Malus domestica). Apple inflorescences are mainly found on short branches (spurs). Bourse shoots (BS) develop from the leaf axils of the spur. BS apices may terminate ~100 days after flowering, with formation of next year's inflorescences. We sought to determine how developing fruit on the spur prevents the adjacent BS apex from forming an inflorescence. The presence of adjacent fruit correlated with reaccumulation of transcript encoding a potential flowering inhibitor, MdTFL1-2, in BS apices prior to inflorescence initiation. BS apices without adjacent fruit that did not flower due to late fruitlet removal, neighbouring fruit on the tree, or leaf removal, also reaccumulated the MdTFL1-2 transcript. Fruit load and gibberellin (GA) application had similar effects on the expression of MdTFL1-2 and genes involved in GA biosynthesis and metabolism. Some apple cultivars are less prone to alternate bearing. We show that the response of a BS apex to different numbers of adjacent fruit differs among cultivars in both MdTFL1-2 accumulation and return flowering. These results provide a working model for the further study of alternate bearing, and help clarify the need for cultivar-specific approaches to reach stable fruit production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amnon Haberman
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michal Ackerman
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Omer Crane
- Migal-Galilee Technological Center, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Jean-Jacques Kelner
- INRA, UMR AGAP, AFEF team (Architecture and functioning of fruit species), Montpellier, France
| | - Evelyne Costes
- INRA, UMR AGAP, AFEF team (Architecture and functioning of fruit species), Montpellier, France
| | - Alon Samach
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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Doubts regarding carbohydrate shortage as a trigger toward abscission of specific Apple (Malus domestica) fruitlets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neps.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Nakano T, Kato H, Shima Y, Ito Y. Apple SVP Family MADS-Box Proteins and the Tomato Pedicel Abscission Zone Regulator JOINTLESS have Similar Molecular Activities. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:1097-106. [PMID: 25746985 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Pedicel abscission occurs widely in fruit-bearing plants to detach ripe, senescent or diseased organs, and regulation of abscission plays a substantial role in regulating yield and quality in fruit crops. In tomato, development of pedicel abscission zones (AZs) requires the MADS-box genes JOINTLESS (J), MACROCALYX (MC) and SlMBP21. In other plants, however, the involvement of MADS-box genes in pedicel abscission remains unclear. Here, we used genetic and biochemical methods to characterize apple J homologs in the context of the regulation of abscission in tomato. We identified three genes encoding two J homologs, MdJa and MdJb. Similarly to J, MdJa and MdJb interacted with MC and SlMBP21, but their interactions differed slightly: like J, MdJb formed a multimer (probably a tetramer) with SlMBP21; however, MdJa formed multimers to a lesser extent. Ectopic expression of MdJb in a J-deficient tomato mutant restored development of functional pedicel AZs, but ectopic expression of MdJa did not complement j mutants. Introduction of MdJb also restored expression of J-dependent genes in the mutant, such as genes for polygalacturonase, cellulase and AZ-specific transcription factors. These results suggest a potentially conserved mechanism of pedicel AZ development in apple and other plants, regulated by MADS-box transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshitsugu Nakano
- National Food Research Institute, NARO, Ibaraki, 305-8642 Japan Present address: Institute of Crops Research and Development, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hiroki Kato
- National Food Research Institute, NARO, Ibaraki, 305-8642 Japan Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, 278-8510 Japan
| | - Yoko Shima
- National Food Research Institute, NARO, Ibaraki, 305-8642 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ito
- National Food Research Institute, NARO, Ibaraki, 305-8642 Japan
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Segonne SM, Bruneau M, Celton JM, Le Gall S, Francin-Allami M, Juchaux M, Laurens F, Orsel M, Renou JP. Multiscale investigation of mealiness in apple: an atypical role for a pectin methylesterase during fruit maturation. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:375. [PMID: 25551767 PMCID: PMC4310206 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0375-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apple fruit mealiness is one of the most important textural problems that results from an undesirable ripening process during storage. This phenotype is characterized by textural deterioration described as soft, grainy and dry fruit. Despite several studies, little is known about mealiness development and the associated molecular events. In this study, we integrated phenotypic, microscopic, transcriptomic and biochemical analyses to gain insights into the molecular basis of mealiness development. RESULTS Instrumental texture characterization allowed the refinement of the definition of apple mealiness. In parallel, a new and simple quantitative test to assess this phenotype was developed. CONCLUSIONS These data support the role of PME in cell wall remodelling during apple fruit development and ripening and suggest a local action of these enzymes. Mealiness may partially result from qualitative and spatial variations of pectin microarchitecture rather than quantitative pectin differences, and these changes may occur early in fruit development. The specific MdPME2 gene highlighted in this study could be a good early marker of texture unfavourable trait in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Mikol Segonne
- />AgroCampus-Ouest, UMR 1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, F-49045 Angers, France
| | - Maryline Bruneau
- />INRA, UMR 1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, F-49071 Beaucouzé, France
| | - Jean-Marc Celton
- />INRA, UMR 1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, F-49071 Beaucouzé, France
| | - Sophie Le Gall
- />INRA, UR1268 Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, F-44316 Nantes, France
| | | | - Marjorie Juchaux
- />Université d’Angers, UMR 1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, SFR 4207 QUASAV, PRES L’UNAM, F-49045 Angers, France
| | - François Laurens
- />INRA, UMR 1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, F-49071 Beaucouzé, France
| | - Mathilde Orsel
- />INRA, UMR 1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, F-49071 Beaucouzé, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Renou
- />AgroCampus-Ouest, UMR 1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, F-49045 Angers, France
- />INRA, UMR 1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, F-49071 Beaucouzé, France
- />Université d’Angers, UMR 1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, SFR 4207 QUASAV, PRES L’UNAM, F-49045 Angers, France
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