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Chang L, Cui H, Li F, Job Zhang YHP, Zhang L. ATP regeneration by ATPases for in vitro biotransformation. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 73:108377. [PMID: 38763231 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) regeneration is a significant step in both living cells and in vitro biotransformation (ivBT). Rotary motor ATP synthases (ATPases), which regenerate ATP in living cells, have been widely assembled in biomimetic structures for in vitro ATP synthesis. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of ATPases, including the working principle, orientation and distribution density properties of ATPases, as well as the assembly strategies and applications of ATPase-based ATP regeneration modules. The original sources of ATPases for in vitro ATP regeneration include chromatophores, chloroplasts, mitochondria, and inverted Escherichia coli (E. coli) vesicles, which are readily accessible but unstable. Although significant advances have been made in the assembly methods for ATPase-artificial membranes in recent decades, it remains challenging to replicate the high density and orientation of ATPases observed in vivo using in vitro assembly methods. The use of bioproton pumps or chemicals for constructing proton motive forces (PMF) enables the versatility and potential of ATPase-based ATP regeneration modules. Additionally, overall robustness can be achieved via membrane component selection, such as polymers offering great mechanical stability, or by constructing a solid supporting matrix through layer-by-layer assembly techniques. Finally, the prospects of ATPase-based ATP regeneration modules can be expected with the technological development of ATPases and artificial membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, PR China; In vitro Synthetic Biology Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, PR China
| | - Huijuan Cui
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, PR China; In vitro Synthetic Biology Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, PR China
| | - Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, PR China; In vitro Synthetic Biology Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, PR China
| | - Yi-Heng P Job Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, PR China; In vitro Synthetic Biology Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, PR China; In vitro Synthetic Biology Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
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2
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Yi S, Guo X, Lou W, Mao S, Luan G, Lu X. Structure, Regulation, and Significance of Cyanobacterial and Chloroplast Adenosine Triphosphate Synthase in the Adaptability of Oxygenic Photosynthetic Organisms. Microorganisms 2024; 12:940. [PMID: 38792770 PMCID: PMC11124002 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In cyanobacteria and chloroplasts (in algae and plants), ATP synthase plays a pivotal role as a photosynthetic membrane complex responsible for producing ATP from adenosine diphosphate and inorganic phosphate, utilizing a proton motive force gradient induced by photosynthesis. These two ATP synthases exhibit similarities in gene organization, amino acid sequences of subunits, structure, and functional mechanisms, suggesting that cyanobacterial ATP synthase is probably the evolutionary precursor to chloroplast ATP synthase. In this review, we explore the precise synthesis and assembly of ATP synthase subunits to address the uneven stoichiometry within the complex during transcription, translation, and assembly processes. We also compare the regulatory strategies governing ATP synthase activity to meet varying energy demands in cyanobacteria and chloroplasts amid fluctuating natural environments. Furthermore, we delve into the role of ATP synthase in stress tolerance and photosynthetic carbon fixation efficiency in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms (OPsOs), along with the current researches on modifying ATP synthase to enhance carbon fixation efficiency under stress conditions. This review aims to offer theoretical insights and serve as a reference for understanding the functional mechanisms of ATP synthase, sparking innovative ideas for enhancing photosynthetic carbon fixation efficiency by utilizing ATP synthase as an effective module in OPsOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyan Yi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China;
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (X.G.); (G.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Xin Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (X.G.); (G.L.); (X.L.)
- College of Live Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 450001, China
| | - Wenjing Lou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (X.G.); (G.L.); (X.L.)
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Shaoming Mao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China;
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Guodong Luan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (X.G.); (G.L.); (X.L.)
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xuefeng Lu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (X.G.); (G.L.); (X.L.)
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, China
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3
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Strand DD, Karcher D, Ruf S, Schadach A, Schöttler MA, Sandoval-Ibañez O, Hall D, Kramer DM, Bock R. Characterization of mutants deficient in N-terminal phosphorylation of the chloroplast ATP synthase subunit β. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:1818-1835. [PMID: 36635853 PMCID: PMC10022623 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the regulation of photosynthetic light harvesting and electron transfer is of great importance to efforts to improve the ability of the electron transport chain to supply downstream metabolism. A central regulator of the electron transport chain is ATP synthase, the molecular motor that harnesses the chemiosmotic potential generated from proton-coupled electron transport to synthesize ATP. ATP synthase is regulated both thermodynamically and post-translationally, with proposed phosphorylation sites on multiple subunits. In this study we focused on two N-terminal serines on the catalytic subunit β in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), previously proposed to be important for dark inactivation of the complex to avoid ATP hydrolysis at night. Here we show that there is no clear role for phosphorylation in the dark inactivation of ATP synthase. Instead, mutation of one of the two phosphorylated serine residues to aspartate to mimic constitutive phosphorylation strongly decreased ATP synthase abundance. We propose that the loss of N-terminal phosphorylation of ATPβ may be involved in proper ATP synthase accumulation during complex assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Karcher
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molecular Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Stephanie Ruf
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molecular Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Anne Schadach
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molecular Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Mark A Schöttler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molecular Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Omar Sandoval-Ibañez
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molecular Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - David Hall
- DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Rd 106, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - David M Kramer
- DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Rd 106, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
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4
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Reiter B, Rosenhammer L, Marino G, Geimer S, Leister D, Rühle T. CGL160-mediated recruitment of the coupling factor CF1 is required for efficient thylakoid ATP synthase assembly, photosynthesis, and chloroplast development in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:488-509. [PMID: 36250886 PMCID: PMC9806626 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast ATP synthases consist of a membrane-spanning coupling factor (CFO) and a soluble coupling factor (CF1). It was previously demonstrated that CONSERVED ONLY IN THE GREEN LINEAGE160 (CGL160) promotes the formation of plant CFO and performs a similar function in the assembly of its c-ring to that of the distantly related bacterial Atp1/UncI protein. Here, we show that in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) the N-terminal portion of CGL160 (AtCGL160N) is required for late steps in CF1-CFO assembly. In plants that lacked AtCGL160N, CF1-CFO content, photosynthesis, and chloroplast development were impaired. Loss of AtCGL160N did not perturb c-ring formation, but led to a 10-fold increase in the numbers of stromal CF1 subcomplexes relative to that in the wild type. Co-immunoprecipitation and protein crosslinking assays revealed an association of AtCGL160 with CF1 subunits. Yeast two-hybrid assays localized the interaction to a stretch of AtCGL160N that binds to the DELSEED-containing CF1-β subdomain. Since Atp1 of Synechocystis (Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803) could functionally replace the membrane domain of AtCGL160 in Arabidopsis, we propose that CGL160 evolved from a cyanobacterial ancestor and acquired an additional function in the recruitment of a soluble CF1 subcomplex, which is critical for the modulation of CF1-CFO activity and photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bennet Reiter
- Plant Molecular Biology Faculty of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lea Rosenhammer
- Plant Molecular Biology Faculty of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Giada Marino
- Plant Molecular Biology Faculty of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stefan Geimer
- Zellbiologie/Elektronenmikroskopie NW I/B1, Universität Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Dario Leister
- Plant Molecular Biology Faculty of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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5
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Matsumae R, Kameo S, Tanaka R, Takabayashi A. Letter to the Editor: Weak-Acidic Clear-Native Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis for the Separation of the Intact Forms of Thylakoid Protein Complexes. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:883-885. [PMID: 35594903 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Renon Matsumae
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, N19 W8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaidô, 060-0819 Japan
| | - Shinsa Kameo
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, N19 W8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaidô, 060-0819 Japan
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W5 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaidô, 060-0810 Japan
| | - Ryouichi Tanaka
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, N19 W8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaidô, 060-0819 Japan
| | - Atsushi Takabayashi
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, N19 W8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaidô, 060-0819 Japan
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6
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Sandoval-Ibáñez O, Rolo D, Ghandour R, Hertle AP, Armarego-Marriott T, Sampathkumar A, Zoschke R, Bock R. De-etiolation-induced protein 1 (DEIP1) mediates assembly of the cytochrome b 6f complex in Arabidopsis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4045. [PMID: 35831297 PMCID: PMC9279372 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31758-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The conversion of light energy to chemical energy by photosynthesis requires the concerted action of large protein complexes in the thylakoid membrane. Recent work has provided fundamental insights into the three-dimensional structure of these complexes, but how they are assembled from hundreds of parts remains poorly understood. Particularly little is known about the biogenesis of the cytochrome b6f complex (Cytb6f), the redox-coupling complex that interconnects the two photosystems. Here we report the identification of a factor that guides the assembly of Cytb6f in thylakoids of chloroplasts. The protein, DE-ETIOLATION-INDUCED PROTEIN 1 (DEIP1), resides in the thylakoid membrane and is essential for photoautotrophic growth. Knock-out mutants show a specific loss of Cytb6f, and are defective in complex assembly. We demonstrate that DEIP1 interacts with the two cytochrome subunits of the complex, PetA and PetB, and mediates the assembly of intermediates in Cytb6f biogenesis. The identification of DEIP1 provides an entry point into the study of the assembly pathway of a crucial complex in photosynthetic electron transfer. The Cytb6f complex is a multi-subunit enzyme that couples the two photosystems during the light reactions of photosynthesis. Here the authors show that the thylakoid-localized DEIP1 protein interacts with the PetA and PetB subunits, and is essential for Cytb6f complex assembly in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Sandoval-Ibáñez
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - David Rolo
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Rabea Ghandour
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alexander P Hertle
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Tegan Armarego-Marriott
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Arun Sampathkumar
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Reimo Zoschke
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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7
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Uflewski M, Mielke S, Correa Galvis V, von Bismarck T, Chen X, Tietz E, Ruß J, Luzarowski M, Sokolowska E, Skirycz A, Eirich J, Finkemeier I, Schöttler MA, Armbruster U. Functional characterization of proton antiport regulation in the thylakoid membrane. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:2209-2229. [PMID: 33742682 PMCID: PMC8644300 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
During photosynthesis, energy is transiently stored as an electrochemical proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane. The resulting proton motive force (pmf) is composed of a membrane potential (ΔΨ) and a proton concentration gradient (ΔpH) and powers the synthesis of ATP. Light energy availability for photosynthesis can change very rapidly and frequently in nature. Thylakoid ion transport proteins buffer the effects that light fluctuations have on photosynthesis by adjusting pmf and its composition. Ion channel activities dissipate ΔΨ, thereby reducing charge recombinations within photosystem II. The dissipation of ΔΨ allows for increased accumulation of protons in the thylakoid lumen, generating the signal that activates feedback downregulation of photosynthesis. Proton export from the lumen via the thylakoid K+ exchange antiporter 3 (KEA3), instead, decreases the ΔpH fraction of the pmf and thereby reduces the regulatory feedback signal. Here, we reveal that the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) KEA3 protein homo-dimerizes via its C-terminal domain. This C-terminus has a regulatory function, which responds to light intensity transients. Plants carrying a C-terminus-less KEA3 variant show reduced feed-back downregulation of photosynthesis and suffer from increased photosystem damage under long-term high light stress. However, during photosynthetic induction in high light, KEA3 deregulation leads to an increase in carbon fixation rates. Together, the data reveal a trade-off between long-term photoprotection and a short-term boost in carbon fixation rates, which is under the control of the KEA3 C-terminus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Uflewski
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Sarah Mielke
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | | | | | - Xiaoheng Chen
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Enrico Tietz
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Jeremy Ruß
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Marcin Luzarowski
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Ewelina Sokolowska
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Skirycz
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam 14476, Germany
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca 14853, New York
| | - Jürgen Eirich
- Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Iris Finkemeier
- Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | | | - Ute Armbruster
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam 14476, Germany
- Author for communication:
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8
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Cho KH, Kim MY, Kwon H, Yang X, Lee SH. Novel QTL identification and candidate gene analysis for enhancing salt tolerance in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 313:111085. [PMID: 34763870 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soybean, a glycophyte that is sensitive to salt stress, is greatly affected by salinity at all growth stages. A mapping population derived from a cross between a salt-sensitive Korean cultivar, Cheongja 3, and a salt-tolerant landrace, IT162669, was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) conferring salt tolerance in soybean. Following treatment with 120 mM NaCl for 2 weeks, phenotypic traits representing physiological damage, leaf Na+ content, and K+/Na+ ratio were characterized. Among the QTLs mapped on a high-density genetic map harboring 2,630 single nucleotide polymorphism markers, we found two novel major loci, qST6, on chromosome 6, and qST10, on chromosome 10, which controlled traits related to ion toxicity and physiology in response to salinity, respectively. These loci were distinct from the previously known salt tolerance allele on chromosome 3. Other QTLs associated with abiotic stress overlapped with the genomic regions of qST6 and qST10, or with their paralogous regions. Based on the functional annotation and parental expression differences, we identified eight putative candidate genes, two in qST6 and six in qST10, which included a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and an ethylene response factor. This study provides additional genetic resources to breed soybean cultivars with enhanced salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Heum Cho
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Moon Young Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hakyung Kwon
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Xuefei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010000, China.
| | - Suk-Ha Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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9
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PGRL2 triggers degradation of PGR5 in the absence of PGRL1. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3941. [PMID: 34168134 PMCID: PMC8225790 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24107-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, inactivation of either of the thylakoid proteins PGR5 and PGRL1 impairs cyclic electron flow (CEF) around photosystem I. Because PGR5 is unstable in the absence of the redox-active PGRL1, but not vice versa, PGRL1 is thought to be essential for CEF. However, we show here that inactivation of PGRL2, a distant homolog of PGRL1, relieves the need for PGRL1 itself. Conversely, high levels of PGRL2 destabilize PGR5 even when PGRL1 is present. In the absence of both PGRL1 and PGRL2, PGR5 alters thylakoid electron flow and impairs plant growth. Consequently, PGR5 can operate in CEF on its own, and is the target of the CEF inhibitor antimycin A, but its activity must be modulated by PGRL1. We conclude that PGRL1 channels PGR5 activity, and that PGRL2 triggers the degradation of PGR5 when the latter cannot productively interact with PGRL1. It is currently thought that the thylakoid proteins PGRL1 and PGR5 form a complex to mediate cyclic electron flow (CEF) around photosystem I. Here the authors show that CEF can in fact be mediated by PGR5 alone and that PGRL1 and the homologous PGRL2 modify the process by modulating PGR5 activity and stability.
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Liu XY, Jiang RC, Wang Y, Tang JJ, Sun F, Yang YZ, Tan BC. ZmPPR26, a DYW-type pentatricopeptide repeat protein, is required for C-to-U RNA editing at atpA-1148 in maize chloroplasts. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:4809-4821. [PMID: 33929512 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins are involved in the C-to-U RNA editing of organellar transcripts. The maize genome contains over 600 PPR proteins and few have been found to function in the C-to-U RNA editing in chloroplasts. Here, we report the function of ZmPPR26 in the C-to-U RNA editing and chloroplast biogenesis in maize. ZmPPR26 encodes a DYW-type PPR protein targeted to chloroplasts. The zmppr26 mutant exhibits albino seedling-lethal phenotype. Loss of function of ZmPPR26 abolishes the editing at atpA-1148 site, and decreases the editing at ndhF-62, rpl20-308, rpl2-2, rpoC2-2774, petB-668, rps8-182, and ndhA-50 sites. Overexpression of ZmPPR26 in zmppr26 restores the editing efficiency and rescues the albino seedling-lethal phenotype. Abolished editing at atpA-1148 causes a Leu to Ser change at AtpA-383 that leads to a reduction in the abundance of chloroplast ATP synthase in zmppr26. The accumulation of photosynthetic complexes are also markedly reduced in zmppr26, providing an explanation for the albino seedling-lethal phenotype. These results indicate that ZmPPR26 is required for the editing at atpA-1148 and is important for editing at the other seven sites in maize chloroplasts. The editing at atpA-1148 is critical for AtpA function, assembly of ATP synthase complex, and chloroplast biogenesis in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yuan Liu
- Key Lab of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Rui-Cheng Jiang
- Key Lab of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Lab of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Tang
- Key Lab of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Key Lab of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan-Zhuo Yang
- Key Lab of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bao-Cai Tan
- Key Lab of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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11
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NTRC Effects on Non-Photochemical Quenching Depends on PGR5. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060900. [PMID: 34204867 PMCID: PMC8229092 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) protects plants from the detrimental effects of excess light. NPQ is rapidly induced by the trans-thylakoid proton gradient during photosynthesis, which in turn requires PGR5/PGRL1-dependent cyclic electron flow (CEF). Thus, Arabidopsis thaliana plants lacking either protein cannot induce transient NPQ and die under fluctuating light conditions. Conversely, the NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase C (NTRC) is required for efficient energy utilization and plant growth, and in its absence, transient and steady-state NPQ is drastically increased. How NTRC influences NPQ and functionally interacts with CEF is unclear. Therefore, we generated the A. thaliana line pgr5 ntrc, and found that the inactivation of PGR5 suppresses the high transient and steady-state NPQ and impaired growth phenotypes observed in the ntrc mutant under short-day conditions. This implies that NTRC negatively influences PGR5 activity and, accordingly, the lack of NTRC is associated with decreased levels of PGR5, possibly pointing to a mechanism to restrict upregulation of PGR5 activity in the absence of NTRC. When exposed to high light intensities, pgr5 ntrc plants display extremely impaired photosynthesis and growth, indicating additive effects of lack of both proteins. Taken together, these findings suggest that the interplay between NTRC and PGR5 is relevant for photoprotection and that NTRC might regulate PGR5 activity.
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12
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Correa Galvis V, Strand DD, Messer M, Thiele W, Bethmann S, Hübner D, Uflewski M, Kaiser E, Siemiatkowska B, Morris BA, Tóth SZ, Watanabe M, Brückner F, Höfgen R, Jahns P, Schöttler MA, Armbruster U. H + Transport by K + EXCHANGE ANTIPORTER3 Promotes Photosynthesis and Growth in Chloroplast ATP Synthase Mutants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 182:2126-2142. [PMID: 32041909 PMCID: PMC7140953 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.01561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The composition of the thylakoid proton motive force (pmf) is regulated by thylakoid ion transport. Passive ion channels in the thylakoid membrane dissipate the membrane potential (Δψ) component to allow for a higher fraction of pmf stored as a proton concentration gradient (ΔpH). K+/H+ antiport across the thylakoid membrane via K+ EXCHANGE ANTIPORTER3 (KEA3) instead reduces the ΔpH fraction of the pmf. Thereby, KEA3 decreases nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ), thus allowing for higher light use efficiency, which is particularly important during transitions from high to low light. Here, we show that in the background of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) chloroplast (cp)ATP synthase assembly mutant cgl160, with decreased cpATP synthase activity and increased pmf amplitude, KEA3 plays an important role for photosynthesis and plant growth under steady-state conditions. By comparing cgl160 single with cgl160 kea3 double mutants, we demonstrate that in the cgl160 background loss of KEA3 causes a strong growth penalty. This is due to a reduced photosynthetic capacity of cgl160 kea3 mutants, as these plants have a lower lumenal pH than cgl160 mutants, and thus show substantially increased pH-dependent NPQ and decreased electron transport through the cytochrome b 6 f complex. Overexpression of KEA3 in the cgl160 background reduces pH-dependent NPQ and increases photosystem II efficiency. Taken together, our data provide evidence that under conditions where cpATP synthase activity is low, a KEA3-dependent reduction of ΔpH benefits photosynthesis and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Correa Galvis
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Deserah D Strand
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Michaela Messer
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Wolfram Thiele
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Stephanie Bethmann
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dennis Hübner
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Michal Uflewski
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Elias Kaiser
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Beata Siemiatkowska
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bethan A Morris
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Szilvia Z Tóth
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Temesvári krt 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mutsumi Watanabe
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Franziska Brückner
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Rainer Höfgen
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter Jahns
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mark Aurel Schöttler
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ute Armbruster
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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13
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Reiter B, Vamvaka E, Marino G, Kleine T, Jahns P, Bolle C, Leister D, Rühle T. The Arabidopsis Protein CGL20 Is Required for Plastid 50S Ribosome Biogenesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 182:1222-1238. [PMID: 31937683 PMCID: PMC7054867 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.01502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Biogenesis of plastid ribosomes is facilitated by auxiliary factors that process and modify ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) or are involved in ribosome assembly. In comparison with their bacterial and mitochondrial counterparts, the biogenesis of plastid ribosomes is less well understood, and few auxiliary factors have been described so far. In this study, we report the functional characterization of CONSERVED ONLY IN THE GREEN LINEAGE20 (CGL20) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana; AtCGL20), which is a Pro-rich, ∼10-kD protein that is targeted to mitochondria and chloroplasts. In Arabidopsis, CGL20 is encoded by segmentally duplicated genes of high sequence similarity (AtCGL20A and AtCGL20B). Inactivation of these genes in the atcgl20ab mutant led to a visible virescent phenotype and growth arrest at low temperature. The chloroplast proteome, pigment composition, and photosynthetic performance were significantly affected in atcgl20ab mutants. Loss of AtCGL20 impaired plastid translation, perturbing the formation of a hidden break in the 23S rRNA and causing abnormal accumulation of 50S ribosomal subunits in the high-molecular-mass fraction of chloroplast stromal extracts. Moreover, AtCGL20A-eGFP fusion proteins comigrated with 50S ribosomal subunits in Suc density gradients, even after RNase treatment of stromal extracts. Therefore, we propose that AtCGL20 participates in the late stages of the biogenesis of 50S ribosomal subunits in plastids, a role that presumably evolved in the green lineage as a consequence of structural divergence of plastid ribosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bennet Reiter
- Plant Molecular Biology Faculty of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Evgenia Vamvaka
- Plant Molecular Biology Faculty of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Giada Marino
- Plant Molecular Biology Faculty of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Tatjana Kleine
- Plant Molecular Biology Faculty of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Peter Jahns
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Cordelia Bolle
- Plant Molecular Biology Faculty of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dario Leister
- Plant Molecular Biology Faculty of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Thilo Rühle
- Plant Molecular Biology Faculty of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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14
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Wang Q, Liu M, Zang Y, Xiao W. The C-terminal extension of Arabidopsis Uev1A/B with putative prenylation site plays critical roles in protein interaction, subcellular distribution and membrane association. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 291:110324. [PMID: 31928655 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lysine (K) 63-linked polyubiquitination plays important roles in cellular processes including DNA-damage tolerance (DDT), NF-κB signaling and endocytosis. Compared to yeast and mammals, little is known about K63-linked polyubiquitination in plants. To date, a Uev-Ubc13 complex is the only known Ub-conjugating enzyme to catalyze K63-linked polyubiquitination, in which Uev serves as a regulatory subunit. The Arabidopsis thaliana genome contains four UEV1 genes that can be classified into two subfamilies (UEV1A/B and UEV1C/D), in which Uev1A/B have a C-terminal extension. Database analysis reveals that all higher plant genomes contain both subfamily UEV1s, which were evolved as early as angiosperm plants. Interestingly, all C-terminal tails in the Uev1A/B subfamily contain a putative prenylation motif, CaaX. Combined experimental results using AtUev1B demonstrated that it is most likely farnesylated and that its C-terminal tail, particularly the catalytic Cys residue in the CaaX motif, plays critical roles in protein-protein interaction, nuclear exclusion and membrane association. Using AtUev1B as bait for a yeast-two-hybrid screen, we identified 14 interaction proteins in a prenylation-dependent manner. These results collectively imply that prenylation of AtUev1A/B plays a critical role in its functional differentiation from AtUev1C/D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Responses and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China; Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030012, China
| | - Maoqing Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Responses and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yuepeng Zang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Responses and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Responses and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada.
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15
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Vanlerberghe GC, Dahal K, Chadee A. Does the stromal concentration of P i control chloroplast ATP synthase protein amount in contrasting growth environments? PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2019; 14:1675473. [PMID: 31583956 PMCID: PMC6866698 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1675473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the growth environment can generate imbalances in chloroplast photosynthetic metabolism. Under water deficit, stomatal closure limits CO2 availability such that the production of ATP and NADPH by the thylakoid membrane-localized electron transport chain may not match the consumption of these energy intermediates by the stroma-localized Calvin-Benson cycle, thus challenging energy balance. Alternatively, in an elevated CO2 atmosphere, carbon fixation by the Calvin-Benson cycle may outpace the activity of downstream carbohydrate-utilizing processes, thus challenging carbon balance. Our previous studies have shown that, in both of the above scenarios, a mitochondrial alternative oxidase contributes to maintaining energy or carbon balance, highlighting the importance of photosynthesis-respiration interactions in optimizing photosynthesis in different growth environments. In these previous studies, we observed aberrant amounts of chloroplast ATP synthase protein across the different transgenic plant lines and growth conditions, compared to wild-type. Based on these observations, we develop here the hypothesis that an important determinant of chloroplast ATP synthase protein amount is the stromal concentration of inorganic phosphate. ATP synthase is a master regulator of photosynthesis. Coarse control of ATP synthase protein amount by the stromal inorganic phosphate status could provide a means to coordinate the electron transport and carbon fixation reactions of photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg C. Vanlerberghe
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Keshav Dahal
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Avesh Chadee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
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16
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Grossman A, Sanz-Luque E, Yi H, Yang W. Building the GreenCut2 suite of proteins to unmask photosynthetic function and regulation. Microbiology (Reading) 2019; 165:697-718. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Grossman
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Emanuel Sanz-Luque
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Heng Yi
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany (CAS), Beijing, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wenqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany (CAS), Beijing, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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17
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Zhang L, Zhou W, Che L, Rochaix JD, Lu C, Li W, Peng L. PPR Protein BFA2 Is Essential for the Accumulation of the atpH/F Transcript in Chloroplasts. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:446. [PMID: 31031784 PMCID: PMC6474325 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
As a fascinating and complicated nanomotor, chloroplast ATP synthase comprises nine subunits encoded by both the nuclear and plastid genomes. Because of its uneven subunit stoichiometry, biogenesis of ATP synthase and expression of plastid-encoded ATP synthase genes requires assistance by nucleus-encoded factors involved in transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and translational steps. In this study, we report a P-class pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) protein BFA2 (Biogenesis Factor required for ATP synthase 2) that is essential for accumulation of the dicistronic atpH/F transcript in Arabidopsis chloroplasts. A loss-of-function mutation in BFA2 results in a specific reduction of more than 3/4 of chloroplast ATP synthase, which is likely due to the absence of dicistronic atpH/F transcript. BFA2 protein contains 22 putative PPR motifs and exclusively localizes in the chloroplast. Bioinformatics and Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assays (EMSA) analysis showed that BFA2 binds to the consensus sequence of the atpF-atpA intergenic region in a sequence-specific manner. However, translation initiation of the atpA was not affected in the bfa2 mutant. Thus, we propose that the chloroplast PPR protein BFA2 mainly acts as barrier to prevent the atpH/F transcript degradation by exoribonucleases by binding to the consensus sequence of the atpF-atpA intergenic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Liping Che
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jean-David Rochaix
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Congming Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- College of Life Sciences, Langfang Normal University, Langfang, China
- *Correspondence: Wenjing Li, Lianwei Peng,
| | - Lianwei Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wenjing Li, Lianwei Peng,
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18
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Zhang L, Pu H, Duan Z, Li Y, Liu B, Zhang Q, Li W, Rochaix JD, Liu L, Peng L. Nucleus-Encoded Protein BFA1 Promotes Efficient Assembly of the Chloroplast ATP Synthase Coupling Factor 1. THE PLANT CELL 2018; 30:1770-1788. [PMID: 30012777 PMCID: PMC6139693 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
F-type ATP synthases produce nearly all of the ATP found in cells. The catalytic module F1 commonly comprises an α3β3 hexamer surrounding a γ/ε stalk. However, it is unclear how these subunits assemble to form a catalytic motor. In this work, we identified and characterized a chloroplast protein that interacts with the CF1β, γ, and ε subunits of the chloroplast ATP synthase and is required for assembly of its F1 module. We named this protein BIOGENESIS FACTOR REQUIRED FOR ATP SYNTHASE1 (BFA1) and determined its crystal structure at 2.8-Å resolution. BFA1 is comprised primarily of two interacting β-barrels that are oriented nearly perpendicularly to each other. The contact region between BFA1 and the CF1β and γ subunits was further mapped by yeast two-hybrid assays. An in silico molecular docking analysis was performed and revealed close fitting contact sites without steric conflicts between BFA1 and CF1β/γ. We propose that BFA1 acts mainly as a scaffold protein promoting the association of a CF1α/β heterodimer with CF1γ. The subsequent assembly of other CF1α/β heterodimers may shift the position of the CF1γ subunit to complete assembly of the CF1 module. This CF1 assembly process is likely to be valid for other F-type ATP synthases, as their structures are highly conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Hua Pu
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Zhikun Duan
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yonghong Li
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Bei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Qiqi Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jean-David Rochaix
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Lianwei Peng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
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19
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Rühle T, Reiter B, Leister D. Chlorophyll Fluorescence Video Imaging: A Versatile Tool for Identifying Factors Related to Photosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:55. [PMID: 29472935 PMCID: PMC5810273 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence provide an elegant and non-invasive means of probing the dynamics of photosynthesis. Advances in video imaging of chlorophyll fluorescence have now made it possible to study photosynthesis at all levels from individual cells to entire crop populations. Since the technology delivers quantitative data, is easily scaled up and can be readily combined with other approaches, it has become a powerful phenotyping tool for the identification of factors relevant to photosynthesis. Here, we review genetic chlorophyll fluorescence-based screens of libraries of Arabidopsis and Chlamydomonas mutants, discuss its application to high-throughput phenotyping in quantitative genetics and highlight potential future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilo Rühle
- Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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20
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Impaired sperm maturation in conditional Lcn6 knockout mice†. Biol Reprod 2017; 98:28-41. [DOI: 10.1093/biolre/iox128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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21
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Armbruster U, Correa Galvis V, Kunz HH, Strand DD. The regulation of the chloroplast proton motive force plays a key role for photosynthesis in fluctuating light. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 37:56-62. [PMID: 28426975 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plants use sunlight as their primary energy source. During photosynthesis, absorbed light energy generates reducing power by driving electron transfer reactions. These are coupled to the transfer of protons into the thylakoid lumen, generating a proton motive force (pmf) required for ATP synthesis. Sudden alterations in light availability have to be met by regulatory mechanisms to avoid the over-accumulation of reactive intermediates and maximize energy efficiency. Here, the acidification of the lumen, as an intermediate product of photosynthesis, plays an important role by regulating photosynthesis in response to excitation energy levels. Recent findings reveal pmf regulation and the modulation of its composition as key determinants for efficient photosynthesis, plant growth, and survival in fluctuating light environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Armbruster
- Regulation of Photosynthesis Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Viviana Correa Galvis
- Regulation of Photosynthesis Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Hans-Henning Kunz
- Plant Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, P.O. Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA
| | - Deserah D Strand
- Organelle Biology and Biotechnology Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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22
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Fristedt R. Chloroplast function revealed through analysis of GreenCut2 genes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:2111-2120. [PMID: 28369575 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts are the green plastids responsible for light-powered photosynthetic reactions and carbon assimilation in the plant cell. Our knowledge of chloroplast functions is constantly increasing and we now know this plastid is predicted to house around 3000 proteins. However, even with generous estimates, we do not know the function of more than 10-15% of these proteins. The next frontier in chloroplast research is to identify and characterize the function of the whole chloroplast proteome, a challenging task due to the inherent complexity a proteome possesses. A logical starting point is to identify and study proteins that have been determined experimentally to be localized in the chloroplast, conserved only among the photosynthetic lineage. These are the proteins with the most probable and important roles in chloroplast function. This review gives an introduction to the GreenCut2, a collection of proteins present only in photosynthetic organisms. By using recent large scale proteomics data, this cut was narrowed to include only those proteins experimentally verified to be localized in the chloroplast, and more specifically to the photosynthetic thylakoid membrane. By using highly informative bioinformatic approaches, the theoretical functional prediction for several of these uncharacterized GreenCut2 proteins is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikard Fristedt
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam,Amsterdam,the Netherlands
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23
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Abstract
Photosynthesis is central to all life on earth, providing not only oxygen but also organic compounds that are synthesized from atmospheric CO 2 and water using light energy as the driving force. The still-increasing world population poses a serious challenge to further enhance biomass production of crop plants. Crop yield is determined by various parameters, inter alia by the light energy conversion efficiency of the photosynthetic machinery. Photosynthesis can be looked at from different perspectives: (i) light reactions and carbon assimilation, (ii) leaves and canopy structure, and (ii) source-sink relationships. In this review, we discuss opportunities and prospects to increase photosynthetic performance at the different layers, taking into account the recent progress made in the respective fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf-Ingo Flügge
- Cologne Biocenter, Botanical Institute II and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Westhoff
- Department of Biology and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dario Leister
- Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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24
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A Nucleus-Encoded Chloroplast Protein YL1 Is Involved in Chloroplast Development and Efficient Biogenesis of Chloroplast ATP Synthase in Rice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32295. [PMID: 27585744 PMCID: PMC5009372 DOI: 10.1038/srep32295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloroplast ATP synthase (cpATPase) is an importance thylakoid membrane-associated photosynthetic complex involved in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. In this study, we isolated and characterized a rice (Oryza sativa) mutant yellow leaf 1 (yl1), which exhibits chlorotic leaves throughout developmental stages. The YL1 mutation showed reduced chlorophyll contents, abnormal chloroplast morphology, and decreased photochemical efficiency. Moreover, YL1 deficiency disrupts the expression of genes associated with chloroplast development and photosynthesis. Molecular and genetic analyses revealed that YL1 is a nucleus-encoded protein with a predicted transmembrane domain in its carboxyl-terminus that is conserved in the higher plant kingdom. YL1 localizes to chloroplasts and is preferentially expressed in green tissues containing chloroplasts. Immunoblot analyses showed that inactivation of YL1 leads to drastically reduced accumulation of AtpA (α) and AtpB (β), two core subunits of CF1αβ subcomplex of cpATPase, meanwhile, a severe decrease (ca. 41.7%) in cpATPase activity was observed in the yl1-1 mutant compared with the wild type. Furthermore, yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays revealed a specific interaction between YL1 and AtpB subunit of cpATPase. Taken together, our results suggest that YL1 is a plant lineage-specific auxiliary factor involved in the biogenesis of the cpATPase complex, possibly via interacting with the β-subunit.
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Grahl S, Reiter B, Gügel IL, Vamvaka E, Gandini C, Jahns P, Soll J, Leister D, Rühle T. The Arabidopsis Protein CGLD11 Is Required for Chloroplast ATP Synthase Accumulation. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:885-99. [PMID: 26979383 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
ATP synthases in chloroplasts (cpATPase) and mitochondria (mtATPase) are responsible for ATP production during photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation, respectively. Both enzymes consist of two multisubunit complexes, the membrane-bound coupling factor O and the soluble coupling factor 1. During cpATPase biosynthesis, several accessory factors facilitate subunit production and orchestrate complex assembly. Here, we describe a new auxiliary protein in Arabidopsis thaliana, which is required for cpATPase accumulation. AtCGLD11 (CONSERVED IN THE GREEN LINEAGE AND DIATOMS 11) is a protein without any known functional domain and shows dual localization to chloroplasts and mitochondria. Loss of AtCGLD11 function results in reduced levels of cpATPase and impaired photosynthetic performance with lower rates of ATP synthesis. In yeast two-hybrid experiments, AtCGLD11 interacts with the β subunits of the cpATPase and mtATPase. Our results suggest that AtCGLD11 functions in F1 assembly during cpATPase biogenesis, while its role in mtATPase biosynthesis may not, or not yet, be essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Grahl
- Lehrstuhl für Biochemie und Physiologie der Pflanzen (Botanik), Department Biologie I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Munich Centre for Integrated Protein Science CiPSM, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5 - 13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Bennet Reiter
- Lehrstuhl für Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen (Botanik), Department Biologie I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Irene Luise Gügel
- Lehrstuhl für Biochemie und Physiologie der Pflanzen (Botanik), Department Biologie I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Munich Centre for Integrated Protein Science CiPSM, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5 - 13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Evgenia Vamvaka
- Lehrstuhl für Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen (Botanik), Department Biologie I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Chiara Gandini
- Lehrstuhl für Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen (Botanik), Department Biologie I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Peter Jahns
- Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Soll
- Lehrstuhl für Biochemie und Physiologie der Pflanzen (Botanik), Department Biologie I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Munich Centre for Integrated Protein Science CiPSM, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5 - 13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Dario Leister
- Lehrstuhl für Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen (Botanik), Department Biologie I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Thilo Rühle
- Lehrstuhl für Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen (Botanik), Department Biologie I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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Zhang L, Duan Z, Zhang J, Peng L. BIOGENESIS FACTOR REQUIRED FOR ATP SYNTHASE 3 Facilitates Assembly of the Chloroplast ATP Synthase Complex. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 171:1291-306. [PMID: 27208269 PMCID: PMC4902607 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Thylakoid membrane-localized chloroplast ATP synthases use the proton motive force generated by photosynthetic electron transport to produce ATP from ADP. Although it is well known that the chloroplast ATP synthase is composed of more than 20 proteins with α3β3γ1ε1δ1I1II1III14IV1 stoichiometry, its biogenesis process is currently unclear. To unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying the biogenesis of chloroplast ATP synthase, we performed extensive screening for isolating ATP synthase mutants in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). In the recently identified bfa3 (biogenesis factors required for ATP synthase 3) mutant, the levels of chloroplast ATP synthase subunits were reduced to approximately 25% of wild-type levels. In vivo labeling analysis showed that assembly of the CF1 component of chloroplast ATP synthase was less efficient in bfa3 than in the wild type, indicating that BFA3 is required for CF1 assembly. BFA3 encodes a chloroplast stromal protein that is conserved in higher plants, green algae, and a few species of other eukaryotic algae, and specifically interacts with the CF1β subunit. The BFA3 binding site was mapped to a region in the catalytic site of CF1β. Several residues highly conserved in eukaryotic CF1β are crucial for the BFA3-CF1β interaction, suggesting a coevolutionary relationship between BFA3 and CF1β. BFA3 appears to function as a molecular chaperone that transiently associates with unassembled CF1β at its catalytic site and facilitates subsequent association with CF1α during assembly of the CF1 subcomplex of chloroplast ATP synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China (L.Z., Z.D., J.Z., L.P.); andUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (L.Z., Z.D.)
| | - Zhikun Duan
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China (L.Z., Z.D., J.Z., L.P.); andUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (L.Z., Z.D.)
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China (L.Z., Z.D., J.Z., L.P.); andUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (L.Z., Z.D.)
| | - Lianwei Peng
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China (L.Z., Z.D., J.Z., L.P.); andUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (L.Z., Z.D.)
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Schöttler MA, Tóth SZ, Boulouis A, Kahlau S. Photosynthetic complex stoichiometry dynamics in higher plants: biogenesis, function, and turnover of ATP synthase and the cytochrome b6f complex. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:2373-400. [PMID: 25540437 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
During plant development and in response to fluctuating environmental conditions, large changes in leaf assimilation capacity and in the metabolic consumption of ATP and NADPH produced by the photosynthetic apparatus can occur. To minimize cytotoxic side reactions, such as the production of reactive oxygen species, photosynthetic electron transport needs to be adjusted to the metabolic demand. The cytochrome b6f complex and chloroplast ATP synthase form the predominant sites of photosynthetic flux control. Accordingly, both respond strongly to changing environmental conditions and metabolic states. Usually, their contents are strictly co-regulated. Thereby, the capacity for proton influx into the lumen, which is controlled by electron flux through the cytochrome b6f complex, is balanced with proton efflux through ATP synthase, which drives ATP synthesis. We discuss the environmental, systemic, and metabolic signals triggering the stoichiometry adjustments of ATP synthase and the cytochrome b6f complex. The contribution of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of subunit synthesis, and the importance of auxiliary proteins required for complex assembly in achieving the stoichiometry adjustments is described. Finally, current knowledge on the stability and turnover of both complexes is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Aurel Schöttler
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Szilvia Z Tóth
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alix Boulouis
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Sabine Kahlau
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Fristedt R, Martins NF, Strenkert D, Clarke CA, Suchoszek M, Thiele W, Schöttler MA, Merchant SS. The thylakoid membrane protein CGL160 supports CF1CF0 ATP synthase accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121658. [PMID: 25835989 PMCID: PMC4383579 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The biogenesis of the major thylakoid protein complexes of the photosynthetic apparatus requires auxiliary proteins supporting individual assembly steps. Here, we identify a plant lineage specific gene, CGL160, whose homolog, atp1, co-occurs with ATP synthase subunits in an operon-like arrangement in many cyanobacteria. Arabidopsis thaliana T-DNA insertion mutants, which no longer accumulate the nucleus-encoded CGL160 protein, accumulate less than 25% of wild-type levels of the chloroplast ATP synthase. Severe cosmetic or growth phenotypes result under either short day or fluctuating light growth conditions, respectively, but this is ameliorated under long day constant light growth conditions where the growth, ATP synthase activity and photosynthetic electron transport of the mutants are less affected. Accumulation of other photosynthetic complexes is largely unaffected in cgl160 mutants, suggesting that CGL160 is a specific assembly or stability factor for the CF1CF0 complex. CGL160 is not found in the mature assembled complex but it does interact specifically with subunits of ATP synthase, predominantly those in the extrinsic CF1 sub-complex. We suggest therefore that it may facilitate the assembly of CF1 into the holocomplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikard Fristedt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Institute for Genomics and Proteomics UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | | | - Daniela Strenkert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Cornelia A. Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Monika Suchoszek
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Wolfram Thiele
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Sabeeha S. Merchant
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Institute for Genomics and Proteomics UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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PAB is an assembly chaperone that functions downstream of chaperonin 60 in the assembly of chloroplast ATP synthase coupling factor 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:4152-7. [PMID: 25775508 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1413392111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The chloroplast ATP synthase, a multisubunit complex in the thylakoid membrane, catalyzes the light-driven synthesis of ATP, thereby supplying the energy for carbon fixation during photosynthesis. The chloroplast ATP synthase is composed of both nucleus- and chloroplast-encoded proteins that have required the evolution of novel mechanisms to coordinate the biosynthesis and assembly of chloroplast ATP synthase subunits temporally and spatially. Here we have elucidated the assembly mechanism of the α3β3γ core complex of the chloroplast ATP synthase by identification and functional characterization of a key assembly factor, PAB (protein in chloroplast atpase biogenesis). PAB directly interacts with the nucleus-encoded γ subunit and functions downstream of chaperonin 60 (Cpn60)-mediated CF1γ subunit folding to promote its assembly into the catalytic core. PAB does not have any recognizable motifs or domains but is conserved in photosynthetic eukaryotes. It is likely that PAB evolved together with the transfer of chloroplast genes into the nucleus to assist nucleus-encoded CF1γ assembly into the CF1 core. Such coordination might represent an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for folding and assembly of nucleus-encoded proteins to ensure proper assembly of multiprotein photosynthetic complexes.
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Rühle T, Leister D. Assembly of F1F0-ATP synthases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:849-60. [PMID: 25667968 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
F1F0-ATP synthases are multimeric protein complexes and common prerequisites for their correct assembly are (i) provision of subunits in appropriate relative amounts, (ii) coordination of membrane insertion and (iii) avoidance of assembly intermediates that uncouple the proton gradient or wastefully hydrolyse ATP. Accessory factors facilitate these goals and assembly occurs in a modular fashion. Subcomplexes common to bacteria and mitochondria, but in part still elusive in chloroplasts, include a soluble F1 intermediate, a membrane-intrinsic, oligomeric c-ring, and a membrane-embedded subcomplex composed of stator subunits and subunit a. The final assembly step is thought to involve association of the preformed F1-c10-14 with the ab2 module (or the ab8-stator module in mitochondria)--mediated by binding of subunit δ in bacteria or OSCP in mitochondria, respectively. Despite the common evolutionary origin of F1F0-ATP synthases, the set of auxiliary factors required for their assembly in bacteria, mitochondria and chloroplasts shows clear signs of evolutionary divergence. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Chloroplast Biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilo Rühle
- Plant Molecular Biology (Botany), Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Großhaderner Straße 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Dario Leister
- Plant Molecular Biology (Botany), Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Großhaderner Straße 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
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Abstract
In this review, we consider a selection of recent advances in chloroplast biology. These include new findings concerning chloroplast evolution, such as the identification of Chlamydiae as a third partner in primary endosymbiosis, a second instance of primary endosymbiosis represented by the chromatophores found in amoebae of the genus Paulinella, and a new explanation for the longevity of captured chloroplasts (kleptoplasts) in sacoglossan sea slugs. The controversy surrounding the three-dimensional structure of grana, its recent resolution by tomographic analyses, and the role of the CURVATURE THYLAKOID1 (CURT1) proteins in supporting grana formation are also discussed. We also present an updated inventory of photosynthetic proteins and the factors involved in the assembly of thylakoid multiprotein complexes, and evaluate findings that reveal that cyclic electron flow involves NADPH dehydrogenase (NDH)- and PGRL1/PGR5-dependent pathways, both of which receive electrons from ferredoxin. Other topics covered in this review include new protein components of nucleoids, an updated inventory of the chloroplast proteome, new enzymes in chlorophyll biosynthesis and new candidate messengers in retrograde signaling. Finally, we discuss the first successful synthetic biology approaches that resulted in chloroplasts in which electrons from the photosynthetic light reactions are fed to enzymes derived from secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poul Erik Jensen
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center (CPSC), Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Dario Leister
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center (CPSC), Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg CDenmark
- Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University MunichGroßhaderner Str. 2, D-82152 Planegg-MartinsriedGermany
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