1
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Tian H, Zhang H, Huang H, Zhang Y, Xue Y. Phase separation of S-RNase promotes self-incompatibility in Petunia hybrida. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:986-1006. [PMID: 37963073 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Self-incompatibility (SI) is an intraspecific reproductive barrier widely present in angiosperms. The SI system with the broadest occurrence in angiosperms is based on an S-RNase linked to a cluster of multiple S-locus F-box (SLF) genes found in the Solanaceae, Plantaginaceae, Rosaceae, and Rutaceae. Recent studies reveal that non-self S-RNase is degraded by the Skip Cullin F-box (SCF)SLF-mediated ubiquitin-proteasome system in a collaborative manner in Petunia, but how self-RNase functions largely remains mysterious. Here, we show that S-RNases form S-RNase condensates (SRCs) in the self-pollen tube cytoplasm through phase separation and the disruption of SRC formation breaks SI in self-incompatible Petunia hybrida. We further find that the pistil SI factors of a small asparagine-rich protein HT-B and thioredoxin h together with a reduced state of the pollen tube all promote the expansion of SRCs, which then sequester several actin-binding proteins, including the actin polymerization factor PhABRACL, the actin polymerization activity of which is reduced by S-RNase in vitro. Meanwhile, we find that S-RNase variants lacking condensation ability fail to recruit PhABRACL and are unable to induce actin foci formation required for pollen tube growth inhibition. Taken together, our results demonstrate that phase separation of S-RNase promotes SI response in P. hybrida, revealing a new mode of S-RNase action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayang Tian
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hongkui Zhang
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Huaqiu Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yu'e Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yongbiao Xue
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
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2
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Chakraborty S. Don't fear the reaper: Tracing the organized breakdown of dying cells in the lateral root cap. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:799-800. [PMID: 38142232 PMCID: PMC10980337 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonhita Chakraborty
- Assistant Features Editor, The Plant Cell, American Society of Plant Biologists
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Linnaeus väg 6, 907 36 Umeå, Sweden
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3
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Wang J, Bollier N, Buono RA, Vahldick H, Lin Z, Feng Q, Hudecek R, Jiang Q, Mylle E, Van Damme D, Nowack MK. A developmentally controlled cellular decompartmentalization process executes programmed cell death in the Arabidopsis root cap. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:941-962. [PMID: 38085063 PMCID: PMC7615778 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is a fundamental cellular process crucial to development, homeostasis, and immunity in multicellular eukaryotes. In contrast to our knowledge on the regulation of diverse animal cell death subroutines, information on execution of PCD in plants remains fragmentary. Here, we make use of the accessibility of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) root cap to visualize the execution process of developmentally controlled PCD. We identify a succession of selective decompartmentalization events and ion fluxes as part of the terminal differentiation program that is orchestrated by the NO APICAL MERISTEM, ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA ACTIVATING FACTOR, CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON (NAC) transcription factor SOMBRERO. Surprisingly, the breakdown of the large central vacuole is a relatively late and variable event, preceded by an increase of intracellular calcium levels and acidification, release of mitochondrial matrix proteins, leakage of nuclear and endoplasmic reticulum lumina, and release of fluorescent membrane reporters into the cytosol. In analogy to animal apoptosis, the plasma membrane remains impermeable for proteins during and after PCD execution. Elevated intracellular calcium levels and acidification are sufficient to trigger cell death execution specifically in terminally differentiated root cap cells, suggesting that these ion fluxes act as PCD-triggering signals. This detailed information on the cellular processes occurring during developmental PCD in plants is a pivotal prerequisite for future research into the molecular mechanisms of cell death execution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Norbert Bollier
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rafael Andrade Buono
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hannah Vahldick
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Zongcheng Lin
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Qiangnan Feng
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roman Hudecek
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Qihang Jiang
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien Mylle
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daniel Van Damme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Moritz K. Nowack
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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4
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Wang J, Shen J, Xu Y, Jiang Y, Qu X, Zhao W, Wang Y, Huang S. Differential sensitivity of ADF isovariants to a pH gradient promotes pollen tube growth. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202206074. [PMID: 37610419 PMCID: PMC10445753 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202206074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is one of the targets of the pH gradient in tip-growing cells, but how cytosolic pH regulates the actin cytoskeleton remains largely unknown. We here demonstrate that Arabidopsis ADF7 and ADF10 function optimally at different pH levels when disassembling actin filaments. This differential pH sensitivity allows ADF7 and ADF10 to respond to the cytosolic pH gradient to regulate actin dynamics in pollen tubes. ADF7 is an unusual actin-depolymerizing factor with a low optimum pH in in vitro actin depolymerization assays. ADF7 plays a dominant role in promoting actin turnover at the pollen tube apex. ADF10 has a typically high optimum pH in in vitro assays and plays a dominant role in regulating the turnover and organization of subapical actin filaments. Thus, functional specification and cooperation of ADF isovariants with different pH sensitivities enable the coordination of the actin cytoskeleton with the cytosolic pH gradient to support pollen tube growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangfeng Shen
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Xu
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxiang Jiang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolu Qu
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanying Zhao
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shanjin Huang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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5
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Zhang R, Xu Y, Yi R, Shen J, Huang S. Actin cytoskeleton in the control of vesicle transport, cytoplasmic organization, and pollen tube tip growth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:9-25. [PMID: 37002825 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Pollen tubes extend rapidly via tip growth. This process depends on a dynamic actin cytoskeleton, which has been implicated in controlling organelle movements, cytoplasmic streaming, vesicle trafficking, and cytoplasm organization in pollen tubes. In this update review, we describe the progress in understanding the organization and regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and the function of the actin cytoskeleton in controlling vesicle traffic and cytoplasmic organization in pollen tubes. We also discuss the interplay between ion gradients and the actin cytoskeleton that regulates the spatial arrangement and dynamics of actin filaments and the organization of the cytoplasm in pollen tubes. Finally, we describe several signaling components that regulate actin dynamics in pollen tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihui Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yanan Xu
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ran Yi
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiangfeng Shen
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shanjin Huang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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6
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Goring DR, Bosch M, Franklin-Tong VE. Contrasting self-recognition rejection systems for self-incompatibility in Brassica and Papaver. Curr Biol 2023; 33:R530-R542. [PMID: 37279687 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Self-incompatibility (SI) plays a pivotal role in whether self-pollen is accepted or rejected. Most SI systems employ two tightly linked loci encoding highly polymorphic pollen (male) and pistil (female) S-determinants that control whether self-pollination is successful or not. In recent years our knowledge of the signalling networks and cellular mechanisms involved has improved considerably, providing an important contribution to our understanding of the diverse mechanisms used by plant cells to recognise each other and elicit responses. Here, we compare and contrast two important SI systems employed in the Brassicaceae and Papaveraceae. Both use 'self-recognition' systems, but their genetic control and S-determinants are quite different. We describe the current knowledge about the receptors and ligands, and the downstream signals and responses utilized to prevent self-seed set. What emerges is a common theme involving the initiation of destructive pathways that block the key processes that are required for compatible pollen-pistil interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne R Goring
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Maurice Bosch
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, Wales, UK
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7
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Wang L, Lin Z, Carli J, Gladala‐Kostarz A, Davies JM, Franklin‐Tong VE, Bosch M. Depletion plays a pivotal role in self-incompatibility, revealing a link between cellular energy status, cytosolic acidification and actin remodelling in pollen tubes. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:1691-1707. [PMID: 35775998 PMCID: PMC9796540 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Self-incompatibility (SI) involves specific interactions during pollination to reject incompatible ('self') pollen, preventing inbreeding in angiosperms. A key event observed in pollen undergoing the Papaver rhoeas SI response is the formation of punctate F-actin foci. Pollen tube growth is heavily energy-dependent, yet ATP levels in pollen tubes have not been directly measured during SI. Here we used transgenic Arabidopsis lines expressing the Papaver pollen S-determinant to investigate a possible link between ATP levels, cytosolic pH ([pH]cyt ) and alterations to the actin cytoskeleton. We identify for the first time that SI triggers a rapid and significant ATP depletion in pollen tubes. Artificial depletion of ATP triggered cytosolic acidification and formation of actin aggregates. We also identify in vivo, evidence for a threshold [pH]cyt of 5.8 for actin foci formation. Imaging revealed that SI stimulates acidic cytosolic patches adjacent to the plasma membrane. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that ATP depletion plays a pivotal role in SI upstream of programmed cell death and reveals a link between the cellular energy status, cytosolic acidification and alterations to the actin cytoskeleton in regulating Papaver SI in pollen tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludi Wang
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS)Aberystwyth UniversityPlas GogerddanAberystwythSY23 3EEUK
| | - Zongcheng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant BiologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - José Carli
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS)Aberystwyth UniversityPlas GogerddanAberystwythSY23 3EEUK
| | - Agnieszka Gladala‐Kostarz
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS)Aberystwyth UniversityPlas GogerddanAberystwythSY23 3EEUK
| | - Julia M. Davies
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 3EAUK
| | - Vernonica E. Franklin‐Tong
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Maurice Bosch
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS)Aberystwyth UniversityPlas GogerddanAberystwythSY23 3EEUK
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8
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Henning PM, Shore JS, McCubbin AG. The S-Gene YUC6 Pleiotropically Determines Male Mating Type and Pollen Size in Heterostylous Turnera (Passifloraceae): A Novel Neofunctionalization of the YUCCA Gene Family. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2640. [PMID: 36235506 PMCID: PMC9572539 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In heterostylous, self-incompatible Turnera species, a member of the YUCCA gene family, YUC6, resides at the S-locus and has been hypothesized to determine the male mating type. YUCCA gene family members synthesize the auxin, indole-3-acetic acid, via a two-step process involving the TAA gene family. Consequently, it has been speculated that differences in auxin concentration in developing anthers are the biochemical basis underlying the male mating type. Here, we provide empirical evidence that supports this hypothesis. Using a transgenic knockdown approach, we show that YUC6 acts pleiotropically to control both the male physiological mating type and pollen size, but not the filament length dimorphism associated with heterostyly in Turnera. Using qPCR to assess YUC6 expression in different transgenic lines, we demonstrate that the level of YUC6 knockdown correlates with the degree of change observed in the male mating type. Further assessment of YUC6 expression through anther development, in the knockdown lines, suggests that the male mating type is irreversibly determined during a specific developmental window prior to microsporogenesis, which is consistent with the genetically sporophytic nature of this self-incompatibility system. These results represent the first gene controlling male mating type to be characterized in any species with heterostyly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige M. Henning
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA
| | - Joel S. Shore
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Andrew G. McCubbin
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA
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9
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Fujii S. Plant physiology: ATP at the center of self-recognition. Curr Biol 2022; 32:R962-R964. [PMID: 36167047 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
ATP acts as the common currency of metabolic activity in all life forms. A recent study uses inter-specific transfer of the self-recognition module in plants to enable live monitoring of the cellular status in vivo, revealing the pivotal role of ATP in signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sota Fujii
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; Suntory Rising Stars Encouragement Program in Life Sciences (SunRiSE).
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10
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Çetinbaş-Genç A, Conti V, Cai G. Let's shape again: the concerted molecular action that builds the pollen tube. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2022; 35:77-103. [PMID: 35041045 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-022-00437-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The pollen tube is being subjected to control by a complex network of communication that regulates its shape and the misfunction of a single component causes specific deformations. In flowering plants, the pollen tube is a tubular extension of the pollen grain required for successful sexual reproduction. Indeed, maintaining the unique shape of the pollen tube is essential for the pollen tube to approach the embryo sac. Many processes and molecules (such as GTPase activity, phosphoinositides, Ca2+ gradient, distribution of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide, nonuniform pH values, organization of the cytoskeleton, balance between exocytosis and endocytosis, and cell wall structure) play key and coordinated roles in maintaining the cylindrical shape of pollen tubes. In addition, the above factors must also interact with each other so that the cell shape is maintained while the pollen tube follows chemical signals in the pistil that guide it to the embryo sac. Any intrinsic changes (such as erroneous signals) or extrinsic changes (such as environmental stresses) can affect the above factors and thus fertilization by altering the tube morphology. In this review, the processes and molecules that enable the development and maintenance of the unique shape of pollen tubes in angiosperms are presented emphasizing their interaction with specific tube shape. Thus, the purpose of the review is to investigate whether specific deformations in pollen tubes can help us to better understand the mechanism underlying pollen tube shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslıhan Çetinbaş-Genç
- Department of Biology, Marmara University, Göztepe Campus, 34722, Kadıköy, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Veronica Conti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
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11
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Midgley KA, van den Berg N, Swart V. Unraveling Plant Cell Death during Phytophthora Infection. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061139. [PMID: 35744657 PMCID: PMC9229607 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oomycetes form a distinct phylogenetic lineage of fungus-like eukaryotic microorganisms, of which several hundred organisms are considered among the most devastating plant pathogens—especially members of the genus Phytophthora. Phytophthora spp. have a large repertoire of effectors that aid in eliciting a susceptible response in host plants. What is of increasing interest is the involvement of Phytophthora effectors in regulating programed cell death (PCD)—in particular, the hypersensitive response. There have been numerous functional characterization studies, which demonstrate Phytophthora effectors either inducing or suppressing host cell death, which may play a crucial role in Phytophthora’s ability to regulate their hemi-biotrophic lifestyle. Despite several advances in techniques used to identify and characterize Phytophthora effectors, knowledge is still lacking for some important species, including Phytophthora cinnamomi. This review discusses what the term PCD means and the gap in knowledge between pathogenic and developmental forms of PCD in plants. We also discuss the role cell death plays in the virulence of Phytophthora spp. and the effectors that have so far been identified as playing a role in cell death manipulation. Finally, we touch on the different techniques available to study effector functions, such as cell death induction/suppression.
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12
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Molecular plant immunity against biotrophic, hemibiotrophic, and necrotrophic fungi. Essays Biochem 2022; 66:581-593. [PMID: 35587147 PMCID: PMC9528087 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20210073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic fungi use diverse infection strategies to obtain nutrients from plants. Biotrophic fungi feed only on living plant tissue, whereas necrotrophic fungi kill host cells to extract nutrients. To prevent disease, plants need to distinguish between pathogens with different life cycles, as a successful defense against a biotroph, which often involves programmed cell-death around the site of infection, is not an appropriate response to some necrotrophs. Plants utilize a vast collection of extracellular and intracellular receptors to detect the signatures of pathogen attack. In turn, pathogens are under strong selection to mask or avoid certain receptor responses while enhancing or manipulating other receptor responses to promote virulence. In this review, we focus on the plant receptors involved in resistance responses to fungal pathogens and highlight, with examples, how the infection strategy of fungal pathogens can determine if recognition responses are effective at preventing disease.
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13
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Hormonal Signaling in the Progamic Phase of Fertilization in Plants. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8050365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pollen–pistil interaction is a basic process in the reproductive biology of flowering plants and has been the subject of intense fundamental research that has a pronounced practical value. The phytohormones ethylene (ET) and cytokinin (CK) together with other hormones such as auxin, gibberellin (GA), jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), and brassinosteroids (BRs) influence different stages of plant development and growth. Here, we mainly focus on the information about the ET and CK signaling in the progamic phase of fertilization. This signaling occurs during male gametophyte development, including tapetum (TAP) cell death, and pollen tube growth, including synergid programmed cell death (PCD) and self-incompatibility (SI)-induced PCD. ET joins the coordination of successive events in the developing anther, including the TAP development and cell death, anther dehiscence, microspore development, pollen grain maturation, and dehydration. Both ET and CK take part in the regulation of E. ET signaling accompanies adhesion, hydration, and germination of pollen grains in the stigma and growth of pollen tubes in style tissues. Thus, ET production may be implicated in the pollination signaling between organs accumulated in the stigma and transmitted to the style and ovary to ensure successful pollination. Some data suggest that ET and CK signaling are involved in S-RNase-based SI.
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14
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Kong XX, Mei JW, Zhang J, Liu X, Wu JY, Wang CL. Turnover of diacylglycerol kinase 4 by cytoplasmic acidification induces vacuole morphological change and nuclear DNA degradation in the early stage of pear self-incompatibility response. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:2123-2135. [PMID: 34655280 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pear has an S-RNase-based gametophytic self-incompatibility (SI) system. Nuclear DNA degradation is a typical feature of incompatible pollen tube death, and is among the many physiological functions of vacuoles. However, the specific changes that occur in vacuoles, as well as the associated regulatory mechanism in pear SI, are currently unclear. Although research in tobacco has shown that decreased activity of diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) results in the morphological change of pollen tube vacuole, whether DGK regulates the pollen tube vacuole of tree plants and whether it occurs in SI response, is currently unclear. We found that DGK activity is essential for pear pollen tube growth, and DGK4 regulates pollen tube vacuole morphology following its high expression and deposition at the tip and shank edge of the pollen tube of pear. Specifically, incompatible S-RNase may induce cytoplasmic acidification of the pollen tube by inhibiting V-ATPase V0 domain a1 subunit gene expression as early as 30 min after treatment, when the pollen tube is still alive. Cytoplasmic acidification induced by incompatible S-RNase results in reduced DGK4 abundance and deposition, leading to morphological change of the vacuole and fragmentation of nuclear DNA, which indicates that DGK4 is a key factor in pear SI response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiong Kong
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jia-Wei Mei
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Ju-You Wu
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chun-Lei Wang
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
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15
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Jiang C, Wang J, Leng HN, Wang X, Liu Y, Lu H, Lu MZ, Zhang J. Transcriptional Regulation and Signaling of Developmental Programmed Cell Death in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:702928. [PMID: 34394156 PMCID: PMC8358321 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.702928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Developmental programmed cell death (dPCD) has multiple functions in plant growth and development, and is of great value for industrial production. Among them, wood formed by xylem dPCD is one of the most widely used natural materials. Therefore, it is crucial to explore the molecular mechanism of plant dPCD. The dPCD process is tightly regulated by genetic networks and is involved in the transduction of signaling molecules. Several key regulators have been identified in diverse organisms and individual PCD events. However, complex molecular networks controlling plant dPCD remain highly elusive, and the original triggers of this process are still unknown. This review summarizes the recent progress on the transcriptional regulation and signaling of dPCD during vegetative and reproductive development. It is hoped that this review will provide an overall view of the molecular regulation of dPCD in different developmental processes in plants and identify specific mechanisms for regulating these dPCD events. In addition, the application of plants in industrial production can be improved by manipulating dPCD in specific processes, such as xylogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua-Ni Leng
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Xiaqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yijing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiwen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Zhu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
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16
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Zakharova EV, Timofeeva GV, Fateev AD, Kovaleva LV. Caspase-like proteases and the phytohormone cytokinin as determinants of S-RNAse-based self-incompatibility-induced PCD in Petunia hybrida L. PROTOPLASMA 2021; 258:573-586. [PMID: 33230626 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-020-01587-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
S-RNAse-based self-incompatibility (SI) in petunia (Petunia hybrida L.) is a self-/non-self-recognition system underlying the pistil rejection of self-pollen. Using different methods, including a TUNEL assay, we have recently shown that programmed cell death (PCD) is a factor of the SI in petunia. Here, we show that the growth of self-incompatible pollen tubes in the style tissues during 4 h after pollination is accompanied by five-sixfold increase in a caspase-like protease (CLP) activity. Exogenous cytokinin (CK) inhibits the pollen tube growth and stimulates the CLP activity in compatible pollen tubes. The actin depolymerization with latrunculin B induces a sharp drop in the CLP activity in self-incompatible pollen tubes and its increase in compatible pollen tubes. Altogether, our results suggest that a CLP is involved in the SI-induced PCD and that CK is a putative activator of the CLP. We assume that CK provokes acidification of the cytosol and thus promotes the activation of a CLP. Thus, our results suggest that CK and CLP are involved in the S-RNAse-based SI-induced PCD in petunia. Potential relations between these components in PCD signaling are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Galina V Timofeeva
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Arseny D Fateev
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lidia V Kovaleva
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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17
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Wu C, Gu Z, Li T, Yu J, Liu C, Fan W, Wang B, Jiang F, Zhang Q, Li W. The apple MdPTI1L kinase is phosphorylated by MdOXI1 during S-RNase-induced reactive oxygen species signaling in pollen tubes. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 305:110824. [PMID: 33691959 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Apple (Malus domestica) exhibits classic S-RNase-mediated gametophytic self-incompatibility. Previous studies have shown that the S-RNase secreted from style cells could trigger signal transduction and defense responses mediated by Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS) after entering into the pollen tube. In this study, we investigated the downstream genes activated by ROS during S-RNase-mediated gametophytic self-incompatibility in pollen tubes. A substantial increase in ROS, as well as up-regulated expression of a serine-threonine protein kinase gene, OXIDATIVE SIGNAL-INDUCIBLE1 (MdOXI1), was detected in apple pollen tubes treated with self-S-RNase. A kinase assay-linked phosphoproteomics (KALIP) analysis suggested that MdOXI1 could bind and phosphorylate the downstream protein kinase Pto-interacting protein 1-like (MdPTI1L). The phosphorylation level of MdPTI1L was significantly reduced after silencing MdOXI1 with antisense oligonucleotides in the pollen tube. Silencing of either MdOXI1 or MdPTI1L alleviated the inhibitory effect of self-S-RNase on pollen tube growth. Our results thus indicate that MdPTI1L is phosphorylated by MdOXI1 in the pollen tube and participates in the ROS signaling pathway triggered by S-RNase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanbao Wu
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhaoyu Gu
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tianzhong Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenqi Fan
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Baoan Wang
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qiulei Zhang
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wei Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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18
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Orsucci M, Sicard A. Flower evolution in the presence of heterospecific gene flow and its contribution to lineage divergence. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:971-989. [PMID: 33537708 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The success of species depends on their ability to exploit ecological resources in order to optimize their reproduction. However, species are not usually found within single-species ecosystems but in complex communities. Because of their genetic relatedness, closely related lineages tend to cluster within the same ecosystem, rely on the same resources, and be phenotypically similar. In sympatry, they will therefore compete for the same resources and, in the case of flowering plants, exchange their genes through heterospecific pollen transfer. These interactions, nevertheless, pose significant challenges to species co-existence because they can lead to resource limitation and reproductive interference. In such cases, divergent selective pressures on floral traits will favour genotypes that isolate or desynchronize the reproduction of sympatric lineages. The resulting displacement of reproductive characters will, in turn, lead to pre-mating isolation and promote intraspecific divergence, thus initiating or reinforcing the speciation process. In this review, we discuss the current theoretical and empirical knowledge on the influence of heterospecific pollen transfer on flower evolution, highlighting its potential to uncover the ecological and genomic constraints shaping the speciation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Orsucci
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural, Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Adrien Sicard
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural, Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
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19
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Wang Y, Ye H, Bai J, Ren F. The regulatory framework of developmentally programmed cell death in floral organs: A review. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 158:103-112. [PMID: 33307422 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Developmentally programmed cell death (dPCD) is a tightly controlled biological process. In recent years, vital roles of dPCD on regulating floral organ growth and development have been reported. It is well known that flower is an essential organ for reproduction and a turning point of plants' life cycle. Hence, uncovering the complex molecular networks which regulates dPCD processes in floral organs is utmost important. So far, our understanding of dPCD on floral organ growth and development is just starting. Herein, we summarize the important factors that involved in the tapetal degeneration, pollen tube rupture, receptive synergid cell death, nucellar degradation, and antipodal cell degradation. Meanwhile, the known factors that involved in transmitting tract formation and self-incompatibility-induced PCD were also introduced. Furthermore, the genes that associated with anther dehiscence and petal senescence and abscission were reviewed as well. The functions of various types of factors involved in floral dPCD processes are highlighted principally. The regulatory panorama described here can provide us some insights about flower-specific dPCD process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Wang
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Hong Ye
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Jianfang Bai
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, PR China
| | - Fei Ren
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Shaoguan University, 288 Daxue Road, Shaoguan, 512000, PR China.
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20
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Çetinbaş-Genç A, Cai G, Del Duca S. Treatment with spermidine alleviates the effects of concomitantly applied cold stress by modulating Ca 2+, pH and ROS homeostasis, actin filament organization and cell wall deposition in pollen tubes of Camellia sinensis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 156:578-590. [PMID: 33065378 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to examine the effect of spermidine treatment concomitant with cold stress on the elongation of Camellia sinensis pollen tube. When exogenous spermidine (0.05 mM) was applied concomitantly with cold stress, pollen germination rate and pollen tube length were significantly increased in comparison with cold stressed pollen tubes. In addition, spermidine treatment concomitantly with cold stress reduced pollen tube abnormalities induced by cold stress. Besides, cold-induced disorganizations of actin filaments were ameliorated after spermidine treatment along with cold stress because anisotropy levels of actin filaments in shank and apex of pollen tubes decreased. Changes in cold-induced callose distribution in the pollen tube cell wall were partially recovered after spermidine/cold stress treatment. Other cold-induced effects (decrease in Ca2+ content, reduction of pH gradient, accumulation of ROS) were reverted to adequate levels after spermidine treatment in conjunction with cold stress, indicating that pollen tubes are able to cope with stress. Thus, spermidine treatment reorganized the growth pattern of pollen tubes by modulating Ca2+ and ROS homeostasis, actin cytoskeleton organization, and cell wall deposition in Camellia sinensis pollen tubes under cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslıhan Çetinbaş-Genç
- Department of Biology, Marmara University, Göztepe Campus, Kadıköy, 34722, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Stefano Del Duca
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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21
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Lin Z, Xie F, Triviño M, Karimi M, Bosch M, Franklin-Tong VE, Nowack MK. Ectopic Expression of a Self-Incompatibility Module Triggers Growth Arrest and Cell Death in Vegetative Cells. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 183:1765-1779. [PMID: 32561539 PMCID: PMC7401136 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Self-incompatibility (SI) is used by many angiosperms to reject self-pollen and avoid inbreeding. In field poppy (Papaver rhoeas), SI recognition and rejection of self-pollen is facilitated by a female S-determinant, PrsS, and a male S-determinant, PrpS PrsS belongs to the cysteine-rich peptide family, whose members activate diverse signaling networks involved in plant growth, defense, and reproduction. PrsS and PrpS are tightly regulated and expressed solely in pistil and pollen cells, respectively. Interaction of cognate PrsS and PrpS triggers pollen tube growth inhibition and programmed cell death (PCD) of self-pollen. We previously demonstrated functional intergeneric transfer of PrpS and PrsS to Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) pollen and pistil. Here, we show that PrpS and PrsS, when expressed ectopically, act as a bipartite module to trigger a self-recognition:self-destruct response in Arabidopsis independently of its reproductive context in vegetative cells. The addition of recombinant PrsS to seedling roots expressing the cognate PrpS resulted in hallmark features of the P rhoeas SI response, including S-specific growth inhibition and PCD of root cells. Moreover, inducible expression of PrsS in PrpS-expressing seedlings resulted in rapid death of the entire seedling. This demonstrates that, besides specifying SI, the bipartite PrpS-PrsS module can trigger growth arrest and cell death in vegetative cells. Heterologous, ectopic expression of a plant bipartite signaling module in plants has not been shown previously and, by extrapolation, our findings suggest that cysteine-rich peptides diversified for a variety of specialized functions, including the regulation of growth and PCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongcheng Lin
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Fei Xie
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Marina Triviño
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- Institute of Biological, Environmental, and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, United Kingdom
| | - Mansour Karimi
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Maurice Bosch
- Institute of Biological, Environmental, and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, United Kingdom
| | | | - Moritz K Nowack
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Ghent 9052, Belgium
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22
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Basu D, Haswell ES. The Mechanosensitive Ion Channel MSL10 Potentiates Responses to Cell Swelling in Arabidopsis Seedlings. Curr Biol 2020; 30:2716-2728.e6. [PMID: 32531281 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability to respond to unanticipated increases in volume is a fundamental property of cells, essential for cellular integrity in the face of osmotic challenges. Plants must manage cell swelling during flooding, rehydration, and pathogen invasion-but little is known about the mechanisms by which this occurs. It has been proposed that plant cells could sense and respond to cell swelling through the action of mechanosensitive ion channels. Here, we characterize a new assay to study the effects of cell swelling on Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings and to test the contributions of the mechanosensitive ion channel MscS-like10 (MSL10). The assay incorporates both cell wall softening and hypo-osmotic treatment to induce cell swelling. We show that MSL10 is required for several previously demonstrated responses to hypo-osmotic shock, including a cytoplasmic calcium transient within the first few seconds, accumulation of ROS within the first 30 min, and increased transcript levels of mechano-inducible genes within 60 min. We also show that cell swelling induces programmed cell death within 3 h in a MSL10-dependent manner. Finally, we show that MSL10 is unable to potentiate cell swelling-induced death when phosphomimetic residues are introduced into its soluble N terminus. Thus, MSL10 functions as a phospho-regulated membrane-based sensor that connects the perception of cell swelling to a downstream signaling cascade and programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarati Basu
- NSF Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Haswell
- NSF Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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23
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Henning PM, Shore JS, McCubbin AG. Transcriptome and Network Analyses of Heterostyly in Turnera subulata Provide Mechanistic Insights: Are S-Loci a Red-Light for Pistil Elongation? PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9060713. [PMID: 32503265 PMCID: PMC7356734 DOI: 10.3390/plants9060713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Heterostyly employs distinct hermaphroditic floral morphs to enforce outbreeding. Morphs differ structurally in stigma/anther positioning, promoting cross-pollination, and physiologically blocking self-fertilization. Heterostyly is controlled by a self-incompatibility (S)-locus of a small number of linked S-genes specific to short-styled morph genomes. Turnera possesses three S-genes, namely TsBAHD (controlling pistil characters), TsYUC6, and TsSPH1 (controlling stamen characters). Here, we compare pistil and stamen transcriptomes of floral morphs of T. subulata to investigate hypothesized S-gene function(s) and whether hormonal differences might contribute to physiological incompatibility. We then use network analyses to identify genetic networks underpinning heterostyly. We found a depletion of brassinosteroid-regulated genes in short styled (S)-morph pistils, consistent with hypothesized brassinosteroid-inactivating activity of TsBAHD. In S-morph anthers, auxin-regulated genes were enriched, consistent with hypothesized auxin biosynthesis activity of TsYUC6. Evidence was found for auxin elevation and brassinosteroid reduction in both pistils and stamens of S- relative to long styled (L)-morph flowers, consistent with reciprocal hormonal differences contributing to physiological incompatibility. Additional hormone pathways were also affected, however, suggesting S-gene activities intersect with a signaling hub. Interestingly, distinct S-genes controlling pistil length, from three species with independently evolved heterostyly, potentially intersect with phytochrome interacting factor (PIF) network hubs which mediate red/far-red light signaling. We propose that modification of the activities of PIF hubs by the S-locus could be a common theme in the evolution of heterostyly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige M. Henning
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, PO Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA;
| | - Joel S. Shore
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J1P3, Canada;
| | - Andrew G. McCubbin
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, PO Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA;
- Correspondence:
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24
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Wang L, Triviño M, Lin Z, Carli J, Eaves DJ, Van Damme D, Nowack MK, Franklin-Tong VE, Bosch M. New opportunities and insights into Papaver self-incompatibility by imaging engineered Arabidopsis pollen. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2451-2463. [PMID: 32100005 PMCID: PMC7178406 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Pollen tube growth is essential for plant reproduction. Their rapid extension using polarized tip growth provides an exciting system for studying this specialized type of growth. Self-incompatibility (SI) is a genetically controlled mechanism to prevent self-fertilization. Mechanistically, one of the best-studied SI systems is that of Papaver rhoeas (poppy). This utilizes two S-determinants: stigma-expressed PrsS and pollen-expressed PrpS. Interaction of cognate PrpS-PrsS triggers a signalling network, causing rapid growth arrest and programmed cell death (PCD) in incompatible pollen. We previously demonstrated that transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana pollen expressing PrpS-green fluorescent protein (GFP) can respond to Papaver PrsS with remarkably similar responses to those observed in incompatible Papaver pollen. Here we describe recent advances using these transgenic plants combined with genetically encoded fluorescent probes to monitor SI-induced cellular alterations, including cytosolic calcium, pH, the actin cytoskeleton, clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), and the vacuole. This approach has allowed us to study the SI response in depth, using multiparameter live-cell imaging approaches that were not possible in Papaver. This lays the foundations for new opportunities to elucidate key mechanisms involved in SI. Here we establish that CME is disrupted in self-incompatible pollen. Moreover, we reveal new detailed information about F-actin remodelling in pollen tubes after SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludi Wang
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Marina Triviño
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, UK
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Zongcheng Lin
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - José Carli
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Deborah J Eaves
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Daniёl Van Damme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Moritz K Nowack
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vernonica E Franklin-Tong
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
- Correspondence: or
| | - Maurice Bosch
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, UK
- Correspondence: or
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25
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Zhao W, Qu X, Zhuang Y, Wang L, Bosch M, Franklin-Tong VE, Xue Y, Huang S. Villin controls the formation and enlargement of punctate actin foci in pollen tubes. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs237404. [PMID: 32051284 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.237404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-incompatibility (SI) in the poppy Papaver rhoeas triggers dramatic alterations in actin within pollen tubes. However, how these actin alterations are mechanistically achieved remains largely unexplored. Here, we used treatment with the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 to mimic the SI-induced elevation in cytosolic Ca2+ and trigger formation of the distinctive F-actin foci. Live-cell imaging revealed that this remodeling involves F-actin fragmentation and depolymerization, accompanied by the rapid formation of punctate actin foci and subsequent increase in their size. We established that actin foci are generated and enlarged from crosslinking of fragmented actin filament structures. Moreover, we show that villins associate with actin structures and are involved in this actin reorganization process. Notably, we demonstrate that Arabidopsis VILLIN5 promotes actin depolymerization and formation of actin foci by fragmenting actin filaments, and controlling the enlargement of actin foci via bundling of actin filaments. Our study thus uncovers important novel insights about the molecular players and mechanisms involved in forming the distinctive actin foci in pollen tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Zhao
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaolu Qu
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuhui Zhuang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ludi Wang
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EE, UK
| | - Maurice Bosch
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EE, UK
| | - Vernonica E Franklin-Tong
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Yongbiao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shanjin Huang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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26
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Kovaleva LV, Zakharova EV, Timofeeva GV, Andreev IM, Golivanov YY, Bogoutdinova LR, Baranova EN, Khaliluev MR. Aminooxyacetic acid (АОА), inhibitor of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxilic acid (AСС) synthesis, suppresses self-incompatibility-induced programmed cell death in self-incompatible Petunia hybrida L. pollen tubes. PROTOPLASMA 2020; 257:213-227. [PMID: 31410589 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-019-01430-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Self-incompatibility (SI) is genetically determined reproductive barrier preventing inbreeding and thereby providing the maintenance of plant species diversity. At present, active studies of molecular bases of SI mechanisms are underway. S-RNAse-based SI in Petunia hybrida L. is a self-/non-self recognition system that allows the pistil to reject self pollen and to accept non-self pollen for outcrossing. In the present work, using fluorescent methods including the TUNEL method allowed us to reveal the presence of markers of programmed cell death (PCD), such as DNA fragmentation, in growing in vivo petunia pollen tubes during the passage of the SI reaction. The results of statistical analysis reliably proved that PCD is the factor of S-RNAse-based SI. It was found that preliminary treatment before self-pollination of stigmas of petunia self-incompatible line with aminooxyacetic acid (AOA), inhibitor of ACC synthesis, led to stimulation of pollen tubes growth when the latter did not exhibit any hallmarks of PCD. These data argue in favor of assumption that ethylene controls the passage of PCD in incompatible pollen tubes in the course of S-RNAse-based SI functioning. The involvement of the hormonal regulation in SI mechanism in P. hybrida L. is the finding observed by us for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- L V Kovaleva
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya st. 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia.
| | - E V Zakharova
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya st. 42, Moscow, 127550, Russia
- Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Russian State Agrarian University, Timiryazevskaya st. 49, Moscow, 127550, Russia
| | - G V Timofeeva
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya st. 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - I M Andreev
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya st. 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Ya Yu Golivanov
- Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Russian State Agrarian University, Timiryazevskaya st. 49, Moscow, 127550, Russia
| | - L R Bogoutdinova
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya st. 42, Moscow, 127550, Russia
- Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Russian State Agrarian University, Timiryazevskaya st. 49, Moscow, 127550, Russia
| | - E N Baranova
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya st. 42, Moscow, 127550, Russia
| | - M R Khaliluev
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya st. 42, Moscow, 127550, Russia
- Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Russian State Agrarian University, Timiryazevskaya st. 49, Moscow, 127550, Russia
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Shore JS, Hamam HJ, Chafe PDJ, Labonne JDJ, Henning PM, McCubbin AG. The long and short of the S-locus in Turnera (Passifloraceae). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 224:1316-1329. [PMID: 31144315 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Distyly is an intriguing floral adaptation that increases pollen transfer precision and restricts inbreeding. It has been a model system in evolutionary biology since Darwin. Although the S-locus determines the long- and short-styled morphs, the genes were unknown in Turnera. We have now identified these genes. We used deletion mapping to identify, and then sequence, BAC clones and genome scaffolds to construct S/s haplotypes. We investigated candidate gene expression, hemizygosity, and used mutants, to explore gene function. The s-haplotype possessed 21 genes collinear with a region of chromosome 7 of grape. The S-haplotype possessed three additional genes and two inversions. TsSPH1 was expressed in filaments and anthers, TsYUC6 in anthers and TsBAHD in pistils. Long-homostyle mutants did not possess TsBAHD and a short-homostyle mutant did not express TsSPH1. Three hemizygous genes appear to determine S-morph characteristics in T. subulata. Hemizygosity is common to all distylous species investigated, yet the genes differ. The pistil candidate gene, TsBAHD, differs from that of Primula, but both may inactivate brassinosteroids causing short styles. TsYUC6 is involved in auxin synthesis and likely determines pollen characteristics. TsSPH1 is likely involved in filament elongation. We propose an incompatibility mechanism involving TsYUC6 and TsBAHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel S Shore
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Hasan J Hamam
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Paul D J Chafe
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Jonathan D J Labonne
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Paige M Henning
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, PO Box 644236, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA
| | - Andrew G McCubbin
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, PO Box 644236, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA
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Li W, Song T, Wallrad L, Kudla J, Wang X, Zhang W. Tissue-specific accumulation of pH-sensing phosphatidic acid determines plant stress tolerance. NATURE PLANTS 2019; 5:1012-1021. [PMID: 31451794 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-019-0497-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The signalling lipid phosphatidic acid (PA) is involved in regulating various fundamental biological processes in plants. However, the mechanisms of PA action remain poorly understood because currently available methods for monitoring PA fail to determine the precise spatio-temporal dynamics of this messenger in living cells and tissues of plants. Here, we have developed PAleon, a PA-specific optogenetic biosensor that reports the concentration and dynamics of bioactive PA at the plasma membrane based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). PAleon was sensitive enough to monitor physiological concentrations of PA in living cells and to visualize PA dynamics at subcellular resolution in tissues when they were challenged with abscisic acid (ABA) and salt stress. PAleon bioimaging revealed kinetics and tissue specificity of salt stress-triggered PA accumulation. Compared with wild-type Arabidopsis, the pldα1 mutant lacking phospholipase Dα1 (PLDα1) for PA generation showed delayed and reduced PA accumulation. Comparative analysis of wild type and pldα1 mutant indicated that cellular pH-modulated PA interaction with target proteins and PLD/PA-mediated salt tolerance. Application of the PA biosensor PAleon uncovered specific spatio-temporal PA dynamics in plant tissues. Our findings suggest that PA signalling integrates with cellular pH dynamics to mediate plant response to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Li
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tengzhao Song
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lukas Wallrad
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jörg Kudla
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St Louis, MO, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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Fujii S, Tsuchimatsu T, Kimura Y, Ishida S, Tangpranomkorn S, Shimosato-Asano H, Iwano M, Furukawa S, Itoyama W, Wada Y, Shimizu KK, Takayama S. A stigmatic gene confers interspecies incompatibility in the Brassicaceae. NATURE PLANTS 2019; 5:731-741. [PMID: 31263241 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-019-0444-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pre-zygotic interspecies incompatibility in angiosperms is a male-female relationship that inhibits the formation of hybrids between two species. Here, we report on the identification of STIGMATIC PRIVACY 1 (SPRI1), an interspecies barrier gene in Arabidopsis thaliana. We show that the rejection activity of this stigma-specific plasma membrane protein is effective against distantly related Brassicaceae pollen tubes and is independent of self-incompatibility. Point-mutation experiments and functional tests of synthesized hypothetical ancestral forms of SPRI1 suggest evolutionary decay of SPRI1-controlled interspecies incompatibility in self-compatible A. thaliana. Hetero-pollination experiments indicate that SPRI1 ensures intraspecific fertilization in the pistil when pollen from other species are present. Our study supports the idea that SPRI1 functions as a barrier mechanism that permits entrance of pollen with an intrinsic signal from self species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sota Fujii
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan.
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Takashi Tsuchimatsu
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuka Kimura
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shota Ishida
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hiroko Shimosato-Asano
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
| | - Megumi Iwano
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shoko Furukawa
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
| | - Wakana Itoyama
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
| | - Yuko Wada
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
| | - Kentaro K Shimizu
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Seiji Takayama
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan.
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Chen S, Jia J, Cheng L, Zhao P, Qi D, Yang W, Liu H, Dong X, Li X, Liu G. Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals a Comprehensive Calcium- and Phytohormone-Dominated Signaling Response in Leymus chinensis Self-Incompatibility. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2356. [PMID: 31085987 PMCID: PMC6539167 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sheepgrass (Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel.) is an economically and ecologically important forage in the grass family. Self-incompatibility (SI) limits its seed production due to the low seed-setting rate after self-pollination. However, investigations into the molecular mechanisms of sheepgrass SI are lacking. Therefore, microscopic observation of pollen germination and pollen tube growth, as well as transcriptomic analyses of pistils after self- and cross-pollination, were performed. The results indicated that pollen tube growth was rapidly inhibited from 10 to 30 min after self-pollination and subsequently stopped but preceded normally after cross-pollination. Time course comparative transcriptomics revealed different transcriptome dynamics between self- and cross-pollination. A pool of SI-related signaling genes and pathways was generated, including genes related to calcium (Ca2+) signaling, protein phosphorylation, plant hormone, reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), cytoskeleton, and programmed cell death (PCD). A putative SI response molecular model in sheepgrass was presented. The model shows that SI may trigger a comprehensive calcium- and phytohormone-dominated signaling cascade and activate PCD, which may explain the rapid inhibition of self-pollen tube growth as observed by cytological analyses. These results provided new insight into the molecular mechanisms of sheepgrass (grass family) SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Junting Jia
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Liqin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Pincang Zhao
- College of management science and engineering, Hebei University of Economics and Business, Shijiazhuang 050061, China.
| | - Dongmei Qi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Weiguang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Xiaobing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Gongshe Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
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31
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Wang L, Lin Z, Triviño M, Nowack MK, Franklin-Tong VE, Bosch M. Self-incompatibility in Papaver pollen: programmed cell death in an acidic environment. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:2113-2123. [PMID: 30481323 PMCID: PMC7116307 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Self-incompatibility (SI) is a genetically controlled mechanism that prevents self-fertilization and thus encourages outbreeding and genetic diversity. During pollination, most SI systems utilize cell-cell recognition to reject incompatible pollen. Mechanistically, one of the best-studied SI systems is that of Papaver rhoeas (poppy), which involves the interaction between the two S-determinants, a stigma-expressed secreted protein (PrsS) and a pollen-expressed plasma membrane-localized protein (PrpS). This interaction is the critical step in determining acceptance of compatible pollen or rejection of incompatible pollen. Cognate PrpS-PrsS interaction triggers a signalling network causing rapid growth arrest and eventually programmed cell death (PCD) in incompatible pollen. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advances in our understanding of the major components involved in the SI-induced PCD (SI-PCD). In particular, we focus on the importance of SI-induced intracellular acidification and consequences for protein function, and the regulation of soluble inorganic pyrophosphatase (Pr-p26.1) activity by post-translational modification. We also discuss attempts to identify protease(s) involved in the SI-PCD process. Finally, we outline future opportunities made possible by the functional transfer of the P. rhoeas SI system to Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludi Wang
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Zongcheng Lin
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marina Triviño
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, UK
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Moritz K Nowack
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vernonica E Franklin-Tong
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Maurice Bosch
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, UK
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Global Transcriptional Insights of Pollen-Pistil Interactions Commencing Self-Incompatibility and Fertilization in Tea [ Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze]. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030539. [PMID: 30696008 PMCID: PMC6387076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explicates molecular insights commencing Self-Incompatibility (SI) and CC (cross-compatibility/fertilization) in self (SP) and cross (CP) pollinated pistils of tea. The fluorescence microscopy analysis revealed ceased/deviated pollen tubes in SP, while successful fertilization occurred in CP at 48 HAP. Global transcriptome sequencing of SP and CP pistils generated 109.7 million reads with overall 77.9% mapping rate to draft tea genome. Furthermore, concatenated de novo assembly resulted into 48,163 transcripts. Functional annotations and enrichment analysis (KEGG & GO) resulted into 3793 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Among these, de novo and reference-based expression analysis identified 195 DEGs involved in pollen-pistil interaction. Interestingly, the presence of 182 genes [PT germination & elongation (67), S-locus (11), fertilization (43), disease resistance protein (30) and abscission (31)] in a major hub of the protein-protein interactome network suggests a complex signaling cascade commencing SI/CC. Furthermore, tissue-specific qRT-PCR analysis affirmed the localized expression of 42 DE putative key candidates in stigma-style and ovary, and suggested that LSI initiated in style and was sustained up to ovary with the active involvement of csRNS, SRKs & SKIPs during SP. Nonetheless, COBL10, RALF, FERONIA-rlk, LLG and MAPKs were possibly facilitating fertilization. The current study comprehensively unravels molecular insights of phase-specific pollen-pistil interaction during SI and fertilization, which can be utilized to enhance breeding efficiency and genetic improvement in tea.
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Sagot I, Laporte D. The cell biology of quiescent yeast – a diversity of individual scenarios. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:132/1/jcs213025. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.213025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Most cells, from unicellular to complex organisms, spend part of their life in quiescence, a temporary non-proliferating state. Although central for a variety of essential processes including tissue homeostasis, development and aging, quiescence is poorly understood. In fact, quiescence encompasses various cellular situations depending on the cell type and the environmental niche. Quiescent cell properties also evolve with time, adding another layer of complexity. Studying quiescence is, above all, limited by the fact that a quiescent cell can be recognized as such only after having proved that it is capable of re-proliferating. Recent cellular biology studies in yeast have reported the relocalization of hundreds of proteins and the reorganization of several cellular machineries upon proliferation cessation. These works have revealed that quiescent cells can display various properties, shedding light on a plethora of individual behaviors. The deciphering of the molecular mechanisms beyond these reorganizations, together with the understanding of their cellular functions, have begun to provide insights into the physiology of quiescent cells. In this Review, we discuss recent findings and emerging concepts in Saccharomyces cerevisiae quiescent cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Sagot
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Bordeaux-Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR5095-33077 Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - Damien Laporte
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Bordeaux-Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR5095-33077 Bordeaux cedex, France
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Roda F, Hopkins R. Correlated evolution of self and interspecific incompatibility across the range of a Texas wildflower. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:553-564. [PMID: 29992588 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Selection to prevent interspecific mating can cause an increase or a decrease in self-pollination in sympatric populations. Characterizing the geographical variation in self and interspecific incompatibilities within a species can reveal if and how the evolution of self and interspecific mate choice are linked. We used controlled pollinations to characterize the variation in self and interspecific incompatibility across 29 populations of Phlox drummondii. We evaluated seed set from these pollinations and described the developmental timing of variation in pollen-pistil compatibility. There is extensive quantitative variation in self-incompatibility and interspecific-incompatibility with its close congener P. cuspidata. Phlox drummondii populations that co-occur and hybridize with P. cuspidata have significantly higher interspecific incompatibility and self-incompatibility than geographically isolated P. drummondii populations. The strength of self and interspecific incompatibility is significantly correlated among individuals and the strength of both incompatibilities is explained by the success of pollen adhesion to the stigma. The correlated strength of self and interspecific incompatibility across the range of P. drummondii and the concurrent developmental timing of the pollen-pistil interaction, suggests these incompatibilities have an overlapping molecular mechanism. The geographical distribution of variation in incompatibilities indicates that this mechanistic link between incompatibilities may affect the evolution of mate choice in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Roda
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- The Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University, 1300 Centre St, Boston, MA, 02131, USA
| | - Robin Hopkins
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- The Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University, 1300 Centre St, Boston, MA, 02131, USA
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35
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Transcriptomics Investigation into the Mechanisms of Self-Incompatibility between Pin and Thrum Morphs of Primula maximowiczii. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071840. [PMID: 29932122 PMCID: PMC6073747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heteromorphic self-incompatibility (SI) is an important system for preventing inbreeding in the genus Primula. However, investigations into the molecular mechanisms of Primula SI are lacking. To explore the mechanisms of SI in Primula maximowiczii, the pollen germination and fruiting rates of self- and cross-pollinations between pin and thrum morphs were investigated, and transcriptomics analyses of the pistils after pollination were performed to assess gene expression patterns in pin and thrum SI. The results indicated that P. maximowiczii exhibits strong SI and that the mechanisms of pollen tube inhibition differ between pin and thrum morphs. While self-pollen tubes of the pin morph were able to occasionally, though rarely, enter the style, those of the thrum morph were never observed to enter the style. The transcriptomics analysis of the pistils revealed 1311 and 1048 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were identified by comparing pin self-pollination (PS) vs. pin cross-pollination (PT) and thrum self-pollination (TS) vs. thrum cross-pollination (TP). Notably, about 90% of these DEGs exhibited different expression patterns in the two comparisons. Moreover, pin and thrum DEGs were associated with different Gene Ontology (GO) categories and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways following enrichment analyses. Based on our results, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pin and thrum SI in P. maximowiczii appear to be distinct. Furthermore, the genes involved in the SI processes are commonly associated with carbohydrate metabolism and environmental adaptation. These results provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms of Primula SI.
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Shi D, Tang C, Wang R, Gu C, Wu X, Hu S, Jiao J, Zhang S. Transcriptome and phytohormone analysis reveals a comprehensive phytohormone and pathogen defence response in pear self-/cross-pollination. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2017; 36:1785-1799. [PMID: 28887590 PMCID: PMC5658469 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-017-2194-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Candidate genes were identified and the role of phytohormones such as JA-Me and ABA in the synthesis of S-RNase was emphasized in pear self-incompatibility. Self-incompatibility (SI) occurs widely in flowering plants as an intraspecific reproductive barrier. This phenomenon promotes variation within species, but for some species such as Pyrus, SI is a nuisance rather than a benefit in agricultural production. Although many studies have been conducted on SI in pears, its mechanism remains unclear. In this study, high-throughput Illumina RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to identify SI-related genes in pear styles. Using transcriptome comparisons, differentially expressed genes of unpollinated (UP), cross-pollinated (CP), and self-pollinated (SP) styles were identified after 48 h. A total of 1796 and 1890 genes were identified in DSC (UP vs. CP) and DSI (UP vs. SP), respectively. KEGG analysis revealed that genes involved in the "plant hormone signal transduction pathway" and "plant-pathogen interaction pathway" were significantly enriched in DSI (UP vs. SP) compared to those in DSC (UP vs. CP). The expression level of S-glycoprotein ribonuclease (S-RNase) was dramatically reduced in cross-pollinated (CP) styles. To better understand the relationship between the expression patterns of S-RNase and two major KEGG pathways, the concentrations of phytohormones were measured, and the expression pattern of S-RNase was analysed using qRT-PCR. Our results demonstrate that methyl jasmonate and abscisic acid may enhance the expression level of S-RNase, and pollination can affect the synthesis of methyl jasmonate and abscisic acid in pear styles. Overall, this study is a global transcriptome analysis of SI in pear. A relationship between self-rejection, plant hormones, and pathogen defence was shown in pear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Shi
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Chao Tang
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Runze Wang
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Chao Gu
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Shi Hu
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Jin Jiao
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
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Chai L, Tudor RL, Poulter NS, Wilkins KA, Eaves DJ, Franklin FCH, Franklin-Tong VE. MAP Kinase PrMPK9-1 Contributes to the Self-Incompatibility Response. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 174:1226-1237. [PMID: 28385731 PMCID: PMC5462039 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) form important signaling modules for a variety of cellular responses in eukaryotic cells. In plants, MAPKs play key roles in growth and development as well as in immunity/stress responses. Pollen-pistil interactions are critical early events regulating pollination and fertilization and involve many signaling events. Self-incompatibility (SI) is an important mechanism to prevent self-fertilization and inbreeding in higher plants and also is known to utilize signaling to achieve incompatible pollen rejection. Although several pollen-expressed MAPKs exist, very little is known about their function. We previously identified a pollen-expressed MAPK (p56) from Papaver rhoeas that was rapidly activated during SI; several studies implicated its role in signaling to SI-induced programmed cell death involving a DEVDase. However, to date, the identity of the MAPK involved has been unknown. Here, we have identified and cloned a pollen-expressed P. rhoeas threonine-aspartate-tyrosine (TDY) MAPK, PrMPK9-1 Rather few data relating to the function of TDY MAPKs in plants currently exist. We provide evidence that PrMPK9-1 has a cell type-specific function, with a distinct role from AtMPK9 To our knowledge, this is the first study implicating a function for a TDY MAPK in pollen. We show that PrMPK9-1 corresponds to p56 and demonstrate that it is functionally involved in mediating SI in P. rhoeas pollen: PrMPK9-1 is a key regulator for SI in pollen and acts upstream of programmed cell death involving actin and activation of a DEVDase. Our study provides an important advance in elucidating functional roles for this class of MAPKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Chai
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Richard L Tudor
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie S Poulter
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Katie A Wilkins
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah J Eaves
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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Eaves DJ, Haque T, Tudor RL, Barron Y, Zampronio CG, Cotton NPJ, de Graaf BHJ, White SA, Cooper HJ, Franklin FCH, Harper JF, Franklin-Tong VE. Identification of Phosphorylation Sites Altering Pollen Soluble Inorganic Pyrophosphatase Activity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 173:1606-1616. [PMID: 28126844 PMCID: PMC5338664 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation regulates numerous cellular processes. Identifying the substrates and protein kinases involved is vital to understand how these important posttranslational modifications modulate biological function in eukaryotic cells. Pyrophosphatases catalyze the hydrolysis of inorganic phosphate (PPi) to inorganic phosphate Pi, driving biosynthetic reactions; they are essential for low cytosolic inorganic phosphate. It was suggested recently that posttranslational regulation of Family I soluble inorganic pyrophosphatases (sPPases) may affect their activity. We previously demonstrated that two pollen-expressed sPPases, Pr-p26.1a and Pr-p26.1b, from the flowering plant Papaver rhoeas were inhibited by phosphorylation. Despite the potential significance, there is a paucity of data on sPPase phosphorylation and regulation. Here, we used liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry to map phosphorylation sites to the otherwise divergent amino-terminal extensions on these pollen sPPases. Despite the absence of reports in the literature on mapping phosphorylation sites on sPPases, a database survey of various proteomes identified a number of examples, suggesting that phosphorylation may be a more widely used mechanism to regulate these enzymes. Phosphomimetic mutants of Pr-p26.1a/b significantly and differentially reduced PPase activities by up to 2.5-fold at pH 6.8 and 52% in the presence of Ca2+ and hydrogen peroxide over unmodified proteins. This indicates that phosphoregulation of key sites can inhibit the catalytic responsiveness of these proteins in concert with key intracellular events. As sPPases are essential for many metabolic pathways in eukaryotic cells, our findings identify the phosphorylation of sPPases as a potential master regulatory mechanism that could be used to attenuate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J Eaves
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.E., T.H., R.L.T., C.G.Z., N.P.J.C., B.H.J.d.e.G., S.A.W., H.J.C., F.C.H.F., V.E.F.-T.); and
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557 (Y.B., J.F.H.)
| | - Tamanna Haque
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.E., T.H., R.L.T., C.G.Z., N.P.J.C., B.H.J.d.e.G., S.A.W., H.J.C., F.C.H.F., V.E.F.-T.); and
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557 (Y.B., J.F.H.)
| | - Richard L Tudor
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.E., T.H., R.L.T., C.G.Z., N.P.J.C., B.H.J.d.e.G., S.A.W., H.J.C., F.C.H.F., V.E.F.-T.); and
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557 (Y.B., J.F.H.)
| | - Yoshimi Barron
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.E., T.H., R.L.T., C.G.Z., N.P.J.C., B.H.J.d.e.G., S.A.W., H.J.C., F.C.H.F., V.E.F.-T.); and
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557 (Y.B., J.F.H.)
| | - Cleidiane G Zampronio
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.E., T.H., R.L.T., C.G.Z., N.P.J.C., B.H.J.d.e.G., S.A.W., H.J.C., F.C.H.F., V.E.F.-T.); and
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557 (Y.B., J.F.H.)
| | - Nicholas P J Cotton
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.E., T.H., R.L.T., C.G.Z., N.P.J.C., B.H.J.d.e.G., S.A.W., H.J.C., F.C.H.F., V.E.F.-T.); and
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557 (Y.B., J.F.H.)
| | - Barend H J de Graaf
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.E., T.H., R.L.T., C.G.Z., N.P.J.C., B.H.J.d.e.G., S.A.W., H.J.C., F.C.H.F., V.E.F.-T.); and
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557 (Y.B., J.F.H.)
| | - Scott A White
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.E., T.H., R.L.T., C.G.Z., N.P.J.C., B.H.J.d.e.G., S.A.W., H.J.C., F.C.H.F., V.E.F.-T.); and
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557 (Y.B., J.F.H.)
| | - Helen J Cooper
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.E., T.H., R.L.T., C.G.Z., N.P.J.C., B.H.J.d.e.G., S.A.W., H.J.C., F.C.H.F., V.E.F.-T.); and
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557 (Y.B., J.F.H.)
| | - F Christopher H Franklin
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.E., T.H., R.L.T., C.G.Z., N.P.J.C., B.H.J.d.e.G., S.A.W., H.J.C., F.C.H.F., V.E.F.-T.); and
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557 (Y.B., J.F.H.)
| | - Jeffery F Harper
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.E., T.H., R.L.T., C.G.Z., N.P.J.C., B.H.J.d.e.G., S.A.W., H.J.C., F.C.H.F., V.E.F.-T.); and
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557 (Y.B., J.F.H.)
| | - Vernonica E Franklin-Tong
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.E., T.H., R.L.T., C.G.Z., N.P.J.C., B.H.J.d.e.G., S.A.W., H.J.C., F.C.H.F., V.E.F.-T.); and
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557 (Y.B., J.F.H.)
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Hu C, Vogler H, Aellen M, Shamsudhin N, Jang B, Burri JT, Läubli N, Grossniklaus U, Pané S, Nelson BJ. High precision, localized proton gradients and fluxes generated by a microelectrode device induce differential growth behaviors of pollen tubes. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:671-680. [PMID: 28098283 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01307d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Pollen tubes are tip-growing plant cells that deliver the sperm cells to the ovules for double fertilization of the egg cell and the endosperm. Various directional cues can trigger the reorientation of pollen tube growth direction on their passage through the female tissues. Among the external stimuli, protons serve an important, regulatory role in the control of pollen tube growth. The generation of local guidance cues has been challenging when investigating the mechanisms of perception and processing of such directional triggers in pollen tubes. Here, we developed and characterized a microelectrode device to generate a local proton gradient and proton flux through water electrolysis. We confirmed that the cytoplasmic pH of pollen tubes varied with environmental pH change. Depending on the position of the pollen tube tip relative to the proton gradient, we observed alterations in the growth behavior, such as bursting at the tip, change in growth direction, or complete growth arrest. Bursting and growth arrest support the hypothesis that changes in the extracellular H+ concentration may interfere with cell wall integrity and actin polymerization at the growing tip. A change in growth direction for some pollen tubes implies that they can perceive the local proton gradient and respond to it. We also showed that the growth rate is directly correlated with the extracellular pH in the tip region. Our microelectrode approach provides a simple method to generate protons and investigate their effect on plant cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhi Hu
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Hannes Vogler
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology & Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Aellen
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Naveen Shamsudhin
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Bumjin Jang
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Jan T Burri
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Nino Läubli
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Ueli Grossniklaus
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology & Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Salvador Pané
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Bradley J Nelson
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Huysmans M, Lema A S, Coll NS, Nowack MK. Dying two deaths - programmed cell death regulation in development and disease. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 35:37-44. [PMID: 27865098 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is a fundamental cellular process that has adopted a plethora of vital functions in multicellular organisms. In plants, PCD processes are elicited as an inherent part of regular development in specific cell types or tissues, but can also be triggered by biotic and abiotic stresses. Although over the last years we have seen progress in our understanding of the molecular regulation of different plant PCD processes, it is still unclear whether a common core machinery exists that controls cell death in development and disease. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the field, comparing some aspects of the molecular regulation controlling developmental and pathogen-triggered PCD in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Huysmans
- VIB Department of Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Gent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Saul Lema A
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Bellaterra-Cerdanyola del Valles 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Nuria S Coll
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Bellaterra-Cerdanyola del Valles 08193, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Moritz K Nowack
- VIB Department of Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Gent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium.
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41
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Bedinger PA, Broz AK, Tovar-Mendez A, McClure B. Pollen-Pistil Interactions and Their Role in Mate Selection. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 173:79-90. [PMID: 27899537 PMCID: PMC5210727 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Pollen-pistil interactions contribute to mate selection at the postmating, prezygotic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Bedinger
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1878 (P.A.B., A.K.B.); and
- Division of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (A.T.-M., B.M.)
| | - Amanda K Broz
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1878 (P.A.B., A.K.B.); and
- Division of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (A.T.-M., B.M.)
| | - Alejandro Tovar-Mendez
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1878 (P.A.B., A.K.B.); and
- Division of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (A.T.-M., B.M.)
| | - Bruce McClure
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1878 (P.A.B., A.K.B.); and
- Division of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (A.T.-M., B.M.)
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42
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Fujii S, Kubo KI, Takayama S. Non-self- and self-recognition models in plant self-incompatibility. NATURE PLANTS 2016; 2:16130. [PMID: 27595657 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2016.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which flowering plants choose their mating partners have interested researchers for a long time. Recent findings on the molecular mechanisms of non-self-recognition in some plant species have provided new insights into self-incompatibility (SI), the trait used by a wide range of plant species to avoid self-fertilization and promote outcrossing. In this Review, we compare the known SI systems, which can be largely classified into non-self- or self-recognition systems with respect to their molecular mechanisms, their evolutionary histories and their modes of evolution. We review previous controversies on haplotype evolution in the gametophytic SI system of Solanaceae species in light of a recently elucidated non-self-recognition model. In non-self-recognition SI systems, the transition from self-compatibility (SC) to SI may be more common than previously thought. Reversible transition between SI and SC in plants may have contributed to their adaptation to diverse and fluctuating environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sota Fujii
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Kubo
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Seiji Takayama
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
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43
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Daneva A, Gao Z, Van Durme M, Nowack MK. Functions and Regulation of Programmed Cell Death in Plant Development. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2016; 32:441-468. [PMID: 27298090 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-111315-124915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is a collective term for diverse processes causing an actively induced, tightly controlled cellular suicide. PCD has a multitude of functions in the development and health of multicellular organisms. In comparison to intensively studied forms of animal PCD such as apoptosis, our knowledge of the regulation of PCD in plants remains limited. Despite the importance of PCD in plant development and as a response to biotic and abiotic stresses, the complex molecular networks controlling different forms of plant PCD are only just beginning to emerge. With this review, we provide an update on the considerable progress that has been made over the last decade in our understanding of PCD as an inherent part of plant development. We highlight both functions of developmental PCD and central aspects of its molecular regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Daneva
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; .,Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Zhen Gao
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; .,Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthias Van Durme
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; .,Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Moritz K Nowack
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; .,Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
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44
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Kovaleva LV, Voronkov AS, Zakharova EV, Minkina YV, Timofeeva GV, Andreev IM. Exogenous IAA and ABA stimulate germination of petunia male gametophyte by activating Ca2+-dependent K+-channels and by modulating the activity of plasmalemma H+-ATPase and actin cytoskeleton. Russ J Dev Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360416030036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Wang W, Sheng X, Shu Z, Li D, Pan J, Ye X, Chang P, Li X, Wang Y. Combined Cytological and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals a Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway Involved in Cold-Inhibited Camellia sinensis Pollen Tube Growth. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:456. [PMID: 27148289 PMCID: PMC4830839 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) as a signaling molecule plays crucial roles in many abiotic stresses in plant development processes, including pollen tube growth. Here, the signaling networks dominated by NO during cold stress that inhibited Camellia sinensis pollen tube growth are investigated in vitro. Cytological analysis show that cold-induced NO is involved in the inhibition of pollen tube growth along with disruption of the cytoplasmic Ca(2+) gradient, increase in ROS content, acidification of cytoplasmic pH and abnormalities in organelle ultrastructure and cell wall component distribution in the pollen tube tip. Furthermore, differentially expressed genes (DEGs)-related to signaling pathway, such as NO synthesis, cGMP, Ca(2+), ROS, pH, actin, cell wall, and MAPK cascade signal pathways, are identified and quantified using transcriptomic analyses and qRT-PCR, which indicate a potential molecular mechanism for the above cytological results. Taken together, these findings suggest that a complex signaling network dominated by NO, including Ca(2+), ROS, pH, RACs signaling and the crosstalk among them, is stimulated in the C. sinensis pollen tube in response to cold stress, which further causes secondary and tertiary alterations, such as ultrastructural abnormalities in organelles and cell wall construction, ultimately resulting in perturbed pollen tube extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xianyong Sheng
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Zaifa Shu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Dongqin Li
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Junting Pan
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xiaoli Ye
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Pinpin Chang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xinghui Li
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
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46
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Van Durme M, Nowack MK. Mechanisms of developmentally controlled cell death in plants. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 29:29-37. [PMID: 26658336 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
During plant development various forms of programmed cell death (PCD) are implemented by a number of cell types as inherent part of their differentiation programmes. Differentiation-induced developmental PCD is gradually prepared in concert with the other cell differentiation processes. As precocious or delayed PCD can have detrimental consequences for plant development, the actual execution of PCD has to be tightly controlled. Once triggered, PCD is irrevocably and rapidly executed accompanied by the breakdown of cellular compartments. In most developmental PCD forms, cell death is followed by cell corpse clearance. Devoid of phagocytic mechanisms, dying plant cells have to prepare their own demise in a cell-autonomous fashion before their deaths, ensuring the completion of cell clearance post mortem. Depending on the cell type, cell clearance can be complete or rather selective, and persistent corpses of particular cells accomplish vital functions in the plant body. The present review attempts to give an update on the molecular mechanisms that coordinate differentiation-induced PCD as vital part of plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Van Durme
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Moritz K Nowack
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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47
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Hepler PK. The Cytoskeleton and Its Regulation by Calcium and Protons. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 170:3-22. [PMID: 26722019 PMCID: PMC4704593 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Calcium and protons exert control over the formation and activity of the cytoskeleton, usually by modulating an associated motor protein or one that affects the structural organization of the polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter K Hepler
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
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48
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Singh R, Singh S, Parihar P, Mishra RK, Tripathi DK, Singh VP, Chauhan DK, Prasad SM. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS): Beneficial Companions of Plants' Developmental Processes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1299. [PMID: 27729914 PMCID: PMC5037240 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated inevitably in the redox reactions of plants, including respiration and photosynthesis. In earlier studies, ROS were considered as toxic by-products of aerobic pathways of the metabolism. But in recent years, concept about ROS has changed because they also participate in developmental processes of plants by acting as signaling molecules. In plants, ROS regulate many developmental processes such as cell proliferation and differentiation, programmed cell death, seed germination, gravitropism, root hair growth and pollen tube development, senescence, etc. Despite much progress, a comprehensive update of advances in the understanding of the mechanisms evoked by ROS that mediate in cell proliferation and development are fragmentry and the matter of ROS perception and the signaling cascade remains open. Therefore, keeping in view the above facts, an attempt has been made in this article to summarize the recent findings regarding updates made in the regulatory action of ROS at various plant developmental stages, which are still not well-known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachana Singh
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
| | - Samiksha Singh
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
| | - Parul Parihar
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
| | - Rohit K. Mishra
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
| | - Durgesh K. Tripathi
- DD Pant Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
| | - Vijay P. Singh
- Government Ramanuj Pratap Singhdev Post Graduate CollegeBaikunthpur, India
- *Correspondence: Vijay P. Singh, Sheo M. Prasad,
| | - Devendra K. Chauhan
- DD Pant Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
| | - Sheo M. Prasad
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
- *Correspondence: Vijay P. Singh, Sheo M. Prasad,
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Lin Z, Eaves DJ, Sanchez-Moran E, Franklin FCH, Franklin-Tong VE. The
Papaver rhoeas S
determinants confer self-incompatibility to
Arabidopsis thaliana
in planta. Science 2015; 350:684-7. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aad2983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zongcheng Lin
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Deborah J. Eaves
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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50
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Qu LJ, Li L, Lan Z, Dresselhaus T. Peptide signalling during the pollen tube journey and double fertilization. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:5139-50. [PMID: 26068467 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Flowering seed plants (angiosperms) have evolved unique ways to protect their gametes from pathogen attack and from drying out. The female gametes (egg and central cell) are deeply embedded in the maternal tissues of the ovule inside the ovary, while the male gametes (sperm cells) are enclosed in the vegetative pollen tube cell. After germination of the pollen tube at the surface of papilla cells of the stigma the two immobile sperm cells are transported deep inside the sporophytic maternal tissues to be released inside the ovule for double fertilization. Angiosperms have evolved a number of hurdles along the pollen tube journey to prevent inbreeding and fertilization by alien sperm cells, and to maximize reproductive success. These pre-zygotic hybridization barriers require intensive communication between the male and female reproductive cells and the necessity to distinguish self from non-self interaction partners. General molecules such as nitric oxide (NO) or gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) therefore appear to play only a minor role in these species-specific communication events. The past 20 years have shown that highly polymorphic peptides play a leading role in all communication steps along the pollen tube pathway and fertilization. Here we review our current understanding of the role of peptides during reproduction with a focus on peptide signalling during self-incompatibility, pollen tube growth and guidance as well as sperm reception and gamete activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jia Qu
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zijun Lan
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Thomas Dresselhaus
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, Biochemie-Zentrum Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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