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Loyola-Vargas VM, Méndez-Hernández HA, Quintana-Escobar AO. The History of Agrobacterium Rhizogenes: From Pathogen to a Multitasking Platform for Biotechnology. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2827:51-69. [PMID: 38985262 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3954-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Agrobacterium's journey has been a roller coaster, from being a pathogen to becoming a powerful biotechnological tool. While A. tumefaciens has provided the scientific community with a versatile tool for plant transformation, Agrobacterium rhizogenes has given researchers a Swiss army knife for developing many applications. These applications range from a methodology to regenerate plants, often recalcitrant, to establish bioremediation protocols to a valuable system to produce secondary metabolites. This chapter reviews its discovery, biology, controversies over its nomenclature, and some of the multiple applications developed using A. rhizogenes as a platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor M Loyola-Vargas
- Unidad de Biología Integrativa, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, CP, Mexico.
| | - Hugo A Méndez-Hernández
- Unidad de Biología Integrativa, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, CP, Mexico
| | - Ana O Quintana-Escobar
- Unidad de Biología Integrativa, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, CP, Mexico
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2
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Rustgi S, Naveed S, Windham J, Zhang H, Demirer GS. Plant biomacromolecule delivery methods in the 21st century. Front Genome Ed 2022; 4:1011934. [PMID: 36311974 PMCID: PMC9614364 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2022.1011934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The 21st century witnessed a boom in plant genomics and gene characterization studies through RNA interference and site-directed mutagenesis. Specifically, the last 15 years marked a rapid increase in discovering and implementing different genome editing techniques. Methods to deliver gene editing reagents have also attempted to keep pace with the discovery and implementation of gene editing tools in plants. As a result, various transient/stable, quick/lengthy, expensive (requiring specialized equipment)/inexpensive, and versatile/specific (species, developmental stage, or tissue) methods were developed. A brief account of these methods with emphasis on recent developments is provided in this review article. Additionally, the strengths and limitations of each method are listed to allow the reader to select the most appropriate method for their specific studies. Finally, a perspective for future developments and needs in this research area is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Rustgi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, School of Health Research, Clemson University Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Florence, SC, United States
| | - Salman Naveed
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, School of Health Research, Clemson University Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Florence, SC, United States
| | - Jonathan Windham
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, School of Health Research, Clemson University Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Florence, SC, United States
| | - Huan Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gözde S. Demirer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
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3
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Somssich M. The Dawn of Plant Molecular Biology: How Three Key Methodologies Paved the Way. Curr Protoc 2022; 2:e417. [PMID: 35441802 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The adoption of Arabidopsis thaliana in the 1980s as a universal plant model finally enabled researchers to adopt and take full advantage of the molecular biology tools and methods developed in the bacterial and animal fields since the early 1970s. It further brought the plant sciences up to speed with other research fields, which had been employing widely accepted model organisms for decades. In parallel with this major development, the concurrent establishment of the plant transformation methodology and the description of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter enabled scientists to create robust transgenic plant lines for the first time, thereby providing a valuable tool for studying gene function. The ability to create transgenic plants launched the plant biotechnology sector, with Monsanto and Plant Genetic Systems developing the first herbicide- and pest-tolerant plants, initiating a revolution in the agricultural industry. Here I review the major developments over a less than 10-year span and demonstrate how they complemented each other to trigger a revolution in plant molecular biology and launch an era of unprecedented progress for the whole plant field. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Somssich
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Harkess A. Smashing Barriers in Biolistic Plant Transformation. THE PLANT CELL 2019; 31:273-274. [PMID: 30728270 PMCID: PMC6447017 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Harkess
- Assistant Features Editor
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri
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5
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Waksman G. From conjugation to T4S systems in Gram-negative bacteria: a mechanistic biology perspective. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:embr.201847012. [PMID: 30602585 PMCID: PMC6362355 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201847012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugation is the process by which bacteria exchange genetic materials in a unidirectional manner from a donor cell to a recipient cell. The discovery of conjugation signalled the dawn of genetics and molecular biology. In Gram-negative bacteria, the process of conjugation is mediated by a large membrane-embedded machinery termed "conjugative type IV secretion (T4S) system", a large injection nanomachine, which together with a DNA-processing machinery termed "the relaxosome" and a large extracellular tube termed "pilus" orchestrates directional DNA transfer. Here, the focus is on past and latest research in the field of conjugation and T4S systems in Gram-negative bacteria, with an emphasis on the various questions and debates that permeate the field from a mechanistic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Waksman
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, UCL and Birkbeck, London, UK
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Abstract
In my early childhood, my parents gave me to my maternal grandparents for a “visit” that extended over a period of nine years. I seemed to be a fairly ordinary student in primary grades, and had to take a remedial general science class upon entering high school, my first exposure to science. It was the teacher of that class, Mr. Auer, who told me that I had scored amazingly high on a science aptitude test given to all freshmen. The people who administered the testing were convinced that I must have cheated somehow. Mr. Auer suggested that I might want to consider a career in science if I liked it. I loved it, and I did. This autobiographical article recounts my changing interests as I became aware of new fields of science during my education and the start of my career. Out of basic studies of a microbe that causes plant cancer, we developed a method to engineer new and useful genes into crop plants.
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Shapiro JA. Living Organisms Author Their Read-Write Genomes in Evolution. BIOLOGY 2017; 6:E42. [PMID: 29211049 PMCID: PMC5745447 DOI: 10.3390/biology6040042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Evolutionary variations generating phenotypic adaptations and novel taxa resulted from complex cellular activities altering genome content and expression: (i) Symbiogenetic cell mergers producing the mitochondrion-bearing ancestor of eukaryotes and chloroplast-bearing ancestors of photosynthetic eukaryotes; (ii) interspecific hybridizations and genome doublings generating new species and adaptive radiations of higher plants and animals; and, (iii) interspecific horizontal DNA transfer encoding virtually all of the cellular functions between organisms and their viruses in all domains of life. Consequently, assuming that evolutionary processes occur in isolated genomes of individual species has become an unrealistic abstraction. Adaptive variations also involved natural genetic engineering of mobile DNA elements to rewire regulatory networks. In the most highly evolved organisms, biological complexity scales with "non-coding" DNA content more closely than with protein-coding capacity. Coincidentally, we have learned how so-called "non-coding" RNAs that are rich in repetitive mobile DNA sequences are key regulators of complex phenotypes. Both biotic and abiotic ecological challenges serve as triggers for episodes of elevated genome change. The intersections of cell activities, biosphere interactions, horizontal DNA transfers, and non-random Read-Write genome modifications by natural genetic engineering provide a rich molecular and biological foundation for understanding how ecological disruptions can stimulate productive, often abrupt, evolutionary transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Shapiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago GCIS W123B, 979 E. 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Panopoulos NJ. A Career on Both Sides of the Atlantic: Memoirs of a Molecular Plant Pathologist. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2017; 55:1-21. [PMID: 28777925 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080516-035506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This article recounts the experiences that shaped my career as a molecular plant pathologist. It focuses primarily on technical and conceptual developments in molecular phytobacteriology, shares some personal highlights and untold stories that impacted my professional development, and describes the early years of agricultural biotechnology. Writing this article required reflection on events occurring over several decades that were punctuated by a mid-career relocation across the Atlantic. I hope it will still be useful, informative, and enjoyable to read. An extended version of the abstract is provided in the Supplemental Materials , available online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickolas J Panopoulos
- Professor Emeritus, Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94619
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, GR-71003, Greece;
- Hellenic Agricultural Academy, Agricultural University of Athens, 118 55 Athens, Greece
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Sheshukova EV, Komarova TV, Dorokhov YL. Plant factories for the production of monoclonal antibodies. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2016; 81:1118-1135. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297916100102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Tarkowski P, Vereecke D. Threats and opportunities of plant pathogenic bacteria. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 32:215-29. [PMID: 24216222 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogenic bacteria can have devastating effects on plant productivity and yield. Nevertheless, because these often soil-dwelling bacteria have evolved to interact with eukaryotes, they generally exhibit a strong adaptivity, a versatile metabolism, and ingenious mechanisms tailored to modify the development of their hosts. Consequently, besides being a threat for agricultural practices, phytopathogens may also represent opportunities for plant production or be useful for specific biotechnological applications. Here, we illustrate this idea by reviewing the pathogenic strategies and the (potential) uses of five very different (hemi)biotrophic plant pathogenic bacteria: Agrobacterium tumefaciens, A. rhizogenes, Rhodococcus fascians, scab-inducing Streptomyces spp., and Pseudomonas syringae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Tarkowski
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Danny Vereecke
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, BE-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Pellegrini PA. Anomalies in the early stages of plant transgenesis: interests and interpretations surrounding the first transgenic plants. HISTORIA, CIENCIAS, SAUDE--MANGUINHOS 2013; 20:1453-1471. [PMID: 24473646 DOI: 10.1590/s0104-59702013000500002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The origins of plant transgenesis are discussed and the experiments that led to the first transgenic plants are analyzed. This process involved a series of actors, practices and interests specific to biotechnology. Consensus about the meaning of fundamental experiments was also at issue here. These events illustrate some of the conflicts related to genetically modified organisms, since scientists had different responses to plant transgenesis at the time of the first experiments, and opinions of the anomalies in those experiments varied. Thus, this article analyzes the interests and interpretations surrounding the first experiments involving transgenic plants.
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Atif RM, Patat-Ochatt EM, Svabova L, Ondrej V, Klenoticova H, Jacas L, Griga M, Ochatt SJ. Gene Transfer in Legumes. PROGRESS IN BOTANY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-30967-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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13
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Bioprocessing of plant cell cultures for mass production of targeted compounds. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 83:809-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2049-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2009] [Revised: 05/16/2009] [Accepted: 05/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Vasil IK. A history of plant biotechnology: from the Cell Theory of Schleiden and Schwann to biotech crops. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2008; 27:1423-40. [PMID: 18612644 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-008-0571-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2008] [Revised: 05/28/2008] [Accepted: 06/10/2008] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant biotechnology is founded on the principles of cellular totipotency and genetic transformation, which can be traced back to the Cell Theory of Matthias Jakob Schleiden and Theodor Schwann, and the discovery of genetic transformation in bacteria by Frederick Griffith, respectively. On the 25th anniversary of the genetic transformation of plants, this review provides a historical account of the evolution of the theoretical concepts and experimental strategies that led to the production and commercialization of biotech (transformed or transgenic) plants expressing many useful genes, and emphasizes the beneficial effects of plant biotechnology on food security, human health, the environment, and conservation of biodiversity. In so doing, it celebrates and pays tribute to the contributions of scores of scientists who laid the foundation of modern plant biotechnology by their bold and unconventional thinking and experimentation. It highlights also the many important lessons to be learnt from the fascinating history of plant biotechnology, the significance of history in science teaching and research, and warns against the danger of the growing trends of ignoring history and historical illiteracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indra K Vasil
- University of Florida, Box 110690, Gainesville, FL 32611-0690, USA.
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Sussex
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Parekh S, Srinivasan V, Horn M. Bioprocessing Using Novel Cell Culture Systems. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2008; 63:105-43. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(07)00003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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17
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Dafny-Yelin M, Tzfira T. Delivery of multiple transgenes to plant cells. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2007; 145:1118-28. [PMID: 18056862 PMCID: PMC2151730 DOI: 10.1104/pp.107.106104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2007] [Accepted: 08/23/2007] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mery Dafny-Yelin
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Abstract
Generation of transgenic plants exhibiting traits of interest requires the marriage of several technologies including gene transfer, selection and plant regeneration. Variety is the driver for these technologies because of the breadth of plant species requiring modification. A new selectable marker gene, pflp, has been applied to the recovery of orchid plants that exhibit resistance to a major bacterial disease that plagues the orchid industry. pflp as a selection system might be adaptable to many crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E Hood
- ProdiGene, 101 Gateway Blvd. Suite 100, College Station, TX 77845, USA.
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