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Ohm H, Åstrand J, Ceplitis A, Bengtsson D, Hammenhag C, Chawade A, Grimberg Å. Novel SNP markers for flowering and seed quality traits in faba bean ( Vicia faba L.): characterization and GWAS of a diversity panel. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1348014. [PMID: 38510437 PMCID: PMC10950902 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1348014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a legume crop grown in diverse climates worldwide. It has a high potential for increased cultivation to meet the need for more plant-based proteins in human diets, a prerequisite for a more sustainable food production system. Characterization of diversity panels of crops can identify variation in and genetic markers for target traits of interest for plant breeding. In this work, we collected a diversity panel of 220 accessions of faba bean from around the world consisting of gene bank material and commercially available cultivars. The aims of this study were to quantify the phenotypic diversity in target traits to analyze the impact of breeding on these traits, and to identify genetic markers associated with traits through a genome-wide association study (GWAS). Characterization under field conditions at Nordic latitude across two years revealed a large genotypic variation and high broad-sense heritability for eleven agronomic and seed quality traits. Pairwise correlations showed that seed yield was positively correlated to plant height, number of seeds per plant, and days to maturity. Further, susceptibility to bean weevil damage was significantly higher for early flowering accessions and accessions with larger seeds. In this study, no yield penalty was found for higher seed protein content, but protein content was negatively correlated to starch content. Our results showed that while breeding advances in faba bean germplasm have resulted in increased yields and number of seeds per plant, they have also led to a selection pressure towards delayed onset of flowering and maturity. DArTseq genotyping identified 6,606 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by alignment to the faba bean reference genome. These SNPs were used in a GWAS, revealing 51 novel SNP markers significantly associated with ten of the assessed traits. Three markers for days to flowering were found in predicted genes encoding proteins for which homologs in other plant species regulate flowering. Altogether, this work enriches the growing pool of phenotypic and genotypic data on faba bean as a valuable resource for developing efficient breeding strategies to expand crop cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Ohm
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Lomma, Sweden
| | - Johanna Åstrand
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Lomma, Sweden
- Lantmännen Agriculture, Plant Breeding, Svalöv, Sweden
| | - Alf Ceplitis
- Lantmännen Agriculture, Plant Breeding, Svalöv, Sweden
| | | | - Cecilia Hammenhag
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Lomma, Sweden
| | - Aakash Chawade
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Lomma, Sweden
| | - Åsa Grimberg
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Lomma, Sweden
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Zhang J, Li L, Zhang Z, Han L, Xu L. The Effect of Ethephon on Ethylene and Chlorophyll in Zoysia japonica Leaves. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1663. [PMID: 38338942 PMCID: PMC10855035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Zoysia japonica (Zoysia japonica Steud.) is a kind of warm-season turfgrass with many excellent characteristics. However, the shorter green period and longer dormancy caused by cold stress in late autumn and winter are the most limiting factors affecting its application. A previous transcriptome analysis revealed that ethephon regulated genes in chlorophyll metabolism in Zoysia japonica under cold stress. Further experimental data are necessary to understand the effect and underlying mechanism of ethephon in regulating the cold tolerance of Zoysia japonica. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ethephon by measuring the enzyme activity, intermediates content, and gene expression related to ethylene biosynthesis, signaling, and chlorophyll metabolism. In addition, the ethylene production rate, chlorophyll content, and chlorophyll a/b ratio were analyzed. The results showed that ethephon application in a proper concentration inhibited endogenous ethylene biosynthesis, but eventually promoted the ethylene production rate due to its ethylene-releasing nature. Ethephon could promote chlorophyll content and improve plant growth in Zoysia japonica under cold-stressed conditions. In conclusion, ethephon plays a positive role in releasing ethylene and maintaining the chlorophyll content in Zoysia japonica both under non-stressed and cold-stressed conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Liebao Han
- College of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (J.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Lixin Xu
- College of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (J.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.Z.)
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Girija A, Hacham Y, Dvir S, Panda S, Lieberman-Lazarovich M, Amir R. Cystathionine γ-synthase expression in seeds alters metabolic and DNA methylation profiles in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:595-610. [PMID: 37300538 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seeds expressing the feedback-insensitive form of cystathionine γ-synthase (AtD-CGS), the key gene of methionine (Met) synthesis, under the control of a seed-specific phaseolin promoter (SSE plants) show a significant increase in Met content. This elevation is accompanied by increased levels of other amino acids (AAs), sugars, total protein, and starch, which are important from a nutritional aspect. Here, we investigated the mechanism behind this phenomenon. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of SSE leaves, siliques, and seeds collected at 3 different developmental stages showed high levels of Met, AAs, and sugars compared to the control plants. A feeding experiment with isotope-labeled AAs showed an increased flux of AAs from nonseed tissues toward the developing seeds of SSE. Transcriptome analysis of leaves and seeds displayed changes in the status of methylation-related genes in SSE plants that were further validated by methylation-sensitive enzymes and colorimetric assay. These results suggest that SSE leaves have higher DNA methylation rates than control plants. This occurrence apparently led to accelerated senescence, together with enhanced monomer synthesis, which further resulted in increased transport of monomers from the leaves toward the seeds. The developing seeds of SSE plants, however, show reduced Met levels and methylation rates. The results provide insights into the role of Met in DNA methylation and gene expression and how Met affects the metabolic profile of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiswarya Girija
- MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, Plant Metabolism Lab, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
| | - Yael Hacham
- MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, Plant Metabolism Lab, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
- Department of Biotechnology, Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee 1220800, Israel
| | - Shachar Dvir
- MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, Plant Metabolism Lab, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
- Department of Biotechnology, Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee 1220800, Israel
| | - Sayantan Panda
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Michal Lieberman-Lazarovich
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Department of Vegetables and Field Crops, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Rachel Amir
- MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, Plant Metabolism Lab, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
- Department of Biotechnology, Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee 1220800, Israel
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Xie X, Gu Y, Wang W, Abbas F, Qin S, Fu S, Mei J, Wang J, Ma D, Wen G, Yang Y, Sharma A, Wang X, Yan D, Zheng B, He Y, Yuan H. Exogenous spermidine improved drought tolerance in Ilex verticillata seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1065208. [PMID: 36743484 PMCID: PMC9895825 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1065208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Winterberry (Ilex verticillata (L.) A. Gray) is a recently introduced ornamental tree species in China that has not been closely investigated for its drought resistance. In this study, we used two-year-old cuttings from I. verticillata (L.) A. Gray and two representative varieties derived from it, I. verticillata 'Oosterwijk' and I. verticillata 'Jim Dandy', as materials to investigate how this plant responds to drought stress and whether exogenous spermidine (SPD) can alleviate the negative effects caused by drought stress. The results showed that as the degree of drought stress increased, the leaves of winterberry seedlings became chlorotic, and their edges became dry. Similarly, the relative water content, specific leaf weight, chlorophyll content, leaf nitrogen content, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were significantly reduced, whereas the content of malondialdehyde continuously increased with the degree of drought stress. The activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase increased under moderate drought stress and then decreased under severe drought stress. The levels of soluble sugar and abscisic acid continued to increase, while those of auxin and gibberellic acid decreased. When compared with individual drought stress, an increase in the amount of external SPD clearly alleviated the effect of drought stress on winterberry seedlings. The combined phenotypes and physiological indices of the winterberry leaves under drought stress conditions revealed that the drought resistance of the native species was significantly higher than its two varieties. This finding serves as an important theoretical foundation for the popularization and application of I. verticillata (L.) A. Gray and the two varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Farhat Abbas
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sini Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siyi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dexuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangchao Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Anket Sharma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daoliang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingsong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi He
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huwei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
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Chang W, Zhang Y, Ping Y, Li K, Qi DD, Song FQ. Label-free quantitative proteomics of arbuscular mycorrhizal Elaeagnus angustifolia seedlings provides insights into salt-stress tolerance mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1098260. [PMID: 36704166 PMCID: PMC9873384 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1098260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Soil salinization has become one of the most serious environmental issues globally. Excessive accumulation of soluble salts will adversely affect the survival, growth, and reproduction of plants. Elaeagnus angustifolia L., commonly known as oleaster or Russian olive, has the characteristics of tolerance to drought and salt. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are considered to be bio-ameliorator of saline soils that can enhance the salt tolerance of the host plants. However, there is little information on the root proteomics of AM plants under salt stress. METHODS In this study, a label-free quantitative proteomics method was employed to identify the differentially abundant proteins in AM E. angustifolia seedlings under salt stress. RESULTS The results showed that a total of 170 proteins were significantly differentially regulated in E.angustifolia seedlings after AMF inoculation under salt stress. Mycorrhizal symbiosis helps the host plant E. angustifolia to respond positively to salt stress and enhances its salt tolerance by regulating the activities of some key proteins related to amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and glutathione metabolism in root tissues. CONCLUSION Aspartate aminotransferase, dehydratase-enolase-phosphatase 1 (DEP1), phospholipases D, diacylglycerol kinase, glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferases, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidases may play important roles in mitigating the detrimental effect of salt stress on mycorrhizal E. angustifolia . In conclusion, these findings provide new insights into the salt-stress tolerance mechanisms of AM E. angustifolia seedlings and also clarify the role of AM fungi in the molecular regulation network of E. angustifolia under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Jiaxiang Industrial Technology Research Institute of Heilongjiang University, Jinin, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuan Ping
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Kun Li
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Dan-Dan Qi
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Fu-Qiang Song
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Jiaxiang Industrial Technology Research Institute of Heilongjiang University, Jinin, China
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Pommerrenig B, Faber M, Hajirezaei MR, von Wirén N, Bienert GP. Cytokinins as boron deficiency signals to sustain shoot development in boron-efficient oilseed rape. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13776. [PMID: 36066313 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Boron (B) deficiency is a highly prominent nutrient disorder. While B-efficient accessions have recently been identified in the highly B-demanding crop oilseed rape, it remained unclear which physiological processes underlie B efficiency and which signaling pathways trigger an efficient B-deficiency response. Here, we compared, under three different B supply conditions, two Brassica napus accessions with contrasting B efficiency. Shoot biomass formation, B distribution patterns and metabolic dynamics of different phytohormone species were studied using a combination of mass spectrometry-based analyses and physiological measurements. Our results show that the B-efficient accession CR2267 does not differ from the B-inefficient accession CR2262 in terms of B accumulation and subcellular B-partitioning, although it displays no morphological B-deficiency symptoms under severe B-deficient conditions. Investigating phytohormone metabolism revealed a strong accumulation of cytokinins in CR2267 at a developmental stage when striking B-dependent differences in biomass and organ formation emerge in the two B. napus accessions. In contrast, elevated levels of the stress hormone abscisic acid as well as bioactive auxins, representing functional antagonists of cytokinins in shoots, were detected only in CR2262. Our results indicate that superior B efficiency in CR2267 relies on a higher B utilization efficiency that builds on an earlier and higher cytokinin biosynthesis required for the maintenance of the shoot meristem activity and proper leaf development. We further conclude that an elevated abundance of cytokinins is not a consequence of better plant growth but rather a presumption for better plant growth under low-B conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Pommerrenig
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
- Plant Physiology, University Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Maximilian Faber
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Mohammad-Reza Hajirezaei
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Nicolaus von Wirén
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Gerd Patrick Bienert
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
- Crop Physiology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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Dong Y, Tang M, Huang Z, Song J, Xu J, Ahammed GJ, Yu J, Zhou Y. The miR164a-NAM3 module confers cold tolerance by inducing ethylene production in tomato. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:440-456. [PMID: 35569132 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Because of a high sensitivity to cold, both the yield and quality of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are severely restricted by cold stress. The NAC transcription factor (TF) family has been characterized as an important player in plant growth, development, and the stress response, but the role of NAC TFs in cold stress and their interaction with other post-transcriptional regulators such as microRNAs in cold tolerance remains elusive. Here, we demonstrated that SlNAM3, the predicted target of Sl-miR164a/b-5p, improved cold tolerance as indicated by a higher maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), lower relative electrolyte leakage, and less wilting in SlNAM3-overexpression plants compared to wild-type. Further genetic and molecular confirmation revealed that Sl-miR164a/b-5p functioned upstream of SlNAM3 by inhibiting the expression of the latter, thus playing a negative role in cold tolerance. Interestingly, this role is partially mediated by an ethylene-dependent pathway because either Sl-miR164a/b-5p silencing or SlNAM3 overexpression improved cold tolerance in the transgenic lines by promoting ethylene production. Moreover, silencing of the ethylene synthesis genes, SlACS1A, SlACS1B, SlACO1, and SlACO4, resulted in a significant decrease in cold tolerance. Further experiments demonstrated that NAM3 activates SlACS1A, SlACS1B, SlACO1, and SlACO4 transcription by directly binding to their promoters. Taken together, the present study identified the miR164a-NAM3 module conferring cold tolerance in tomato plants via the direct regulation of SlACS1A, SlACS1B, SlACO1, and SlACO4 expression to induce ethylene synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Dong
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Mingjia Tang
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zelan Huang
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jianing Song
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jingquan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth and Development, Agricultural Ministry of China, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth and Development, Agricultural Ministry of China, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Wang CK, Li XM, Dong F, Sun CH, Lu WL, Hu DG. Yang cycle enzyme DEP1: its moonlighting functions in PSI and ROS production during leaf senescence. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2022; 2:10. [PMID: 37789483 PMCID: PMC10514949 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-022-00031-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene-mediated leaf senescence and the compromise of photosynthesis are closely associated but the underlying molecular mechanism is a mystery. Here we reported that apple DEHYDRATASE-ENOLASE-PHOSPHATASE-COMPLEX1 (MdDEP1), initially characterized to its enzymatic function in the recycling of the ethylene precursor SAM, plays a role in the regulation of photosystem I (PSI) activity, activating reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, and negatively regulating the leaf senescence. A series of Y2H, Pull-down, CO-IP and Cell-free degradation biochemical assays showed that MdDEP1 directly interacts with and dephosphorylates the nucleus-encoded thylakoid protein MdY3IP1, leading to the destabilization of MdY3IP1, reduction of the PSI activity, and the overproduction of ROS in plant cells. These findings elucidate a novel mechanism that the two pathways intersect at MdDEP1 due to its moonlighting role in destabilizing MdY3IP1, and synchronize ethylene-mediated leaf senescence and the compromise of photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Kun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiu-Ming Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Fang Dong
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Key Laboratory for Fruit Biotechnology Breeding of Shandong, Tai'an, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Cui-Hui Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Wen-Li Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Da-Gang Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
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Garneau MG, Lu MZ, Grant J, Tegeder M. Role of source-to-sink transport of methionine in establishing seed protein quantity and quality in legumes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:2134-2155. [PMID: 34618032 PMCID: PMC8644406 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Grain legumes such as pea (Pisum sativum L.) are highly valued as a staple source of protein for human and animal nutrition. However, their seeds often contain limited amounts of high-quality, sulfur (S) rich proteins, caused by a shortage of the S-amino acids cysteine and methionine. It was hypothesized that legume seed quality is directly linked to the amount of organic S transported from leaves to seeds, and imported into the growing embryo. We expressed a high-affinity yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) methionine/cysteine transporter (Methionine UPtake 1) in both the pea leaf phloem and seed cotyledons and found source-to-sink transport of methionine but not cysteine increased. Changes in methionine phloem loading triggered improvements in S uptake and assimilation and long-distance transport of the S compounds, S-methylmethionine and glutathione. In addition, nitrogen and carbon assimilation and source-to-sink allocation were upregulated, together resulting in increased plant biomass and seed yield. Further, methionine and amino acid delivery to individual seeds and uptake by the cotyledons improved, leading to increased accumulation of storage proteins by up to 23%, due to both higher levels of S-poor and, most importantly, S-rich proteins. Sulfate delivery to the embryo and S assimilation in the cotyledons were also upregulated, further contributing to the improved S-rich storage protein pools and seed quality. Overall, this work demonstrates that methionine transporter function in source and sink tissues presents a bottleneck in S allocation to seeds and that its targeted manipulation is essential for overcoming limitations in the accumulation of high-quality seed storage proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Garneau
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Ming-Zhu Lu
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Jan Grant
- New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Mechthild Tegeder
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
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10
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Kamiab F, Tavassolian I, Hosseinifarahi M. Biologia futura: the role of polyamine in plant science. Biol Futur 2021; 71:183-194. [PMID: 34554509 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-020-00027-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) are positively charged amines such as putrescine, spermidine and spermine that ubiquitously exist in all organisms. They have been considered as a new type of plant biostimulants, with pivotal roles in many physiological processes. Polyamine levels are controlled by intricate regulatory feedback mechanisms. PAs are directly or indirectly regulated through interaction with signaling metabolites (H202, NO), aminobutyric acid (GABA), phytohormones (abscisic acid, gibberellins, ethylene, cytokinins, auxin, jasmonic acid and brassinosteroids) and nitrogen metabolism (maintaining the balance of C:N in plants). Exogenous applications of PAs enhance the stress resistance, flowering and fruit set, synthesis of bioactive compounds and extension of agricultural crops shelf life. Up-regulation of PAs biosynthesis by genetic manipulation can be a novel strategy to increase the productivity of agricultural crops. Recently, the role of PAs in symbiosis relationships between plants and beneficial microorganisms has been confirmed. PA metabolism has also been targeted to design new harmless fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Kamiab
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Rafsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Iraj Tavassolian
- Research and Technology Institute of Plant Production, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hosseinifarahi
- Department of Horticultural Science, Yasooj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasooj, Iran
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11
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Bednarek PT, Pachota KA, Dynkowska WM, Machczyńska J, Orłowska R. Understanding In Vitro Tissue Culture-Induced Variation Phenomenon in Microspore System. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7546. [PMID: 34299165 PMCID: PMC8304781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro tissue culture plant regeneration is a complicated process that requires stressful conditions affecting the cell functioning at multiple levels, including signaling pathways, transcriptome functioning, the interaction between cellular organelles (retro-, anterograde), compounds methylation, biochemical cycles, and DNA mutations. Unfortunately, the network linking all these aspects is not well understood, and the available knowledge is not systemized. Moreover, some aspects of the phenomenon are poorly studied. The present review attempts to present a broad range of aspects involved in the tissue culture-induced variation and hopefully would stimulate further investigations allowing a better understanding of the phenomenon and the cell functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Tomasz Bednarek
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute, Radzików, 05-870 Błonie, Poland; (K.A.P.); (W.M.D.); (J.M.); (R.O.)
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12
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Liu Y, Li D, Yan J, Wang K, Luo H, Zhang W. MiR319 mediated salt tolerance by ethylene. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:2370-2383. [PMID: 31094071 PMCID: PMC6835123 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Salinity-induced accumulation of certain microRNAs accompanied by gaseous phytohormone ethylene production has been recognized as a mechanism of plant salt tolerance. MicroRNA319 (miR319) has been characterized as an important player in abiotic stress resistance in some C3 plants, such as Arabidopsis thaliana and rice. However, its role in the dedicated biomass plant switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), a C4 plant, has not been reported. Here, we show crosstalk between miR319 and ethylene (ET) for increasing salt tolerance. By overexpressing Osa-MIR319b and a target mimicry form of miR319 (MIM319), we showed that miR319 positively regulated ET synthesis and salt tolerance in switchgrass. By experimental treatments, we demonstrated that ET-mediated salt tolerance in switchgrass was dose-dependent, and miR319 regulated the switchgrass salt response by fine-tuning ET synthesis. Further experiments showed that the repression of a miR319 target, PvPCF5, in switchgrass also led to enhanced ethylene accumulation and salt tolerance in transgenic plants. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis demonstrated that overexpression of miR319 (OE-miR319) down-regulated the expression of key genes in the methionine (Met) cycle but promoted the expression of genes in ethylene synthesis. The results enrich our understanding of the synergistic effects of the miR319-PvPCF5 module and ethylene synthesis in the salt tolerance of switchgrass, a C4 bioenergy plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong Liu
- Department of Grassland ScienceChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Dayong Li
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC)Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry SciencesNational Engineering Research Center for VegetablesBeijingChina
| | - Jianping Yan
- Department of Grassland ScienceChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Kexin Wang
- Department of Grassland ScienceChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hong Luo
- Department of Genetics and BiochemistryClemson UniversityClemsonSCUSA
| | - Wanjun Zhang
- Department of Grassland ScienceChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- National Energy R&D Center for Biomass (NECB)China Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
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13
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Mehdi R, Lamm CE, Bodampalli Anjanappa R, Müdsam C, Saeed M, Klima J, Kraner ME, Ludewig F, Knoblauch M, Gruissem W, Sonnewald U, Zierer W. Symplasmic phloem unloading and radial post-phloem transport via vascular rays in tuberous roots of Manihot esculenta. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:5559-5573. [PMID: 31232453 PMCID: PMC6812707 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is one of the most important staple food crops worldwide. Its starchy tuberous roots supply over 800 million people with carbohydrates. Yet, surprisingly little is known about the processes involved in filling of those vital storage organs. A better understanding of cassava carbohydrate allocation and starch storage is key to improving storage root yield. Here, we studied cassava morphology and phloem sap flow from source to sink using transgenic pAtSUC2::GFP plants, the phloem tracers esculin and 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate, as well as several staining techniques. We show that cassava performs apoplasmic phloem loading in source leaves and symplasmic unloading into phloem parenchyma cells of tuberous roots. We demonstrate that vascular rays play an important role in radial transport from the phloem to xylem parenchyma cells in tuberous roots. Furthermore, enzymatic and proteomic measurements of storage root tissues confirmed high abundance and activity of enzymes involved in the sucrose synthase-mediated pathway and indicated that starch is stored most efficiently in the outer xylem layers of tuberous roots. Our findings form the basis for biotechnological approaches aimed at improved phloem loading and enhanced carbohydrate allocation and storage in order to increase tuberous root yield of cassava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabih Mehdi
- Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian E Lamm
- Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Christina Müdsam
- Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Janine Klima
- Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Max E Kraner
- Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank Ludewig
- Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Knoblauch
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Wilhelm Gruissem
- Plant Biotechnology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Uwe Sonnewald
- Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Zierer
- Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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14
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Pommerrenig B, Eggert K, Bienert GP. Boron Deficiency Effects on Sugar, Ionome, and Phytohormone Profiles of Vascular and Non-Vascular Leaf Tissues of Common Plantain ( Plantago major L.). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3882. [PMID: 31395813 PMCID: PMC6719229 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular tissues essentially regulate water, nutrient, photo-assimilate, and phytohormone logistics throughout the plant body. Boron (B) is crucial for the development of the vascular tissue in many dicotyledonous plant taxa and B deficiency particularly affects the integrity of phloem and xylem vessels, and, therefore, functionality of long-distance transport. We hypothesize that changes in the plants' B nutritional status evoke differential responses of the vasculature and the mesophyll. However, direct analyses of the vasculature in response to B deficiency are lacking, due to the experimental inaccessibility of this tissue. Here, we generated biochemical and physiological understanding of B deficiency response reactions in common plantain (Plantago major L.), from which pure and intact vascular bundles can be extracted. Low soil B concentrations affected quantitative distribution patterns of various phytohormones, sugars and macro-, and micronutrients in a tissue-specific manner. Vascular sucrose levels dropped, and sucrose loading into the phloem was reduced under low B supply. Phytohormones responded selectively to B deprivation. While concentrations of abscisic acid and salicylic acid decreased at low B supply, cytokinins and brassinosteroids increased in the vasculature and the mesophyll, respectively. Our results highlight the biological necessity to analyze nutrient deficiency responses in a tissue- rather organ-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Pommerrenig
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstraße 3, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 22, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Kai Eggert
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstraße 3, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Gerd P Bienert
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstraße 3, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany.
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15
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Veyel D, Sokolowska EM, Moreno JC, Kierszniowska S, Cichon J, Wojciechowska I, Luzarowski M, Kosmacz M, Szlachetko J, Gorka M, Méret M, Graf A, Meyer EH, Willmitzer L, Skirycz A. PROMIS, global analysis of PROtein-metabolite interactions using size separation in Arabidopsis thaliana. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:12440-12453. [PMID: 29853640 PMCID: PMC6093232 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Small molecules not only represent cellular building blocks and metabolic intermediates, but also regulatory ligands and signaling molecules that interact with proteins. Although these interactions affect cellular metabolism, growth, and development, they have been largely understudied. Herein, we describe a method, which we named PROtein–Metabolite Interactions using Size separation (PROMIS), that allows simultaneous, global analysis of endogenous protein–small molecule and of protein–protein complexes. To this end, a cell-free native lysate from Arabidopsis thaliana cell cultures was fractionated by size-exclusion chromatography, followed by quantitative metabolomic and proteomic analyses. Proteins and small molecules showing similar elution behavior, across protein-containing fractions, constituted putative interactors. Applying PROMIS to an A. thaliana extract, we ascertained known protein–protein (PPIs) and protein–metabolite (PMIs) interactions and reproduced binding between small-molecule protease inhibitors and their respective proteases. More importantly, we present examples of two experimental strategies that exploit the PROMIS dataset to identify novel PMIs. By looking for similar elution behavior of metabolites and enzymes belonging to the same biochemical pathways, we identified putative feedback and feed-forward regulations in pantothenate biosynthesis and the methionine salvage cycle, respectively. By combining PROMIS with an orthogonal affinity purification approach, we identified an interaction between the dipeptide Tyr–Asp and the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. In summary, we present proof of concept for a powerful experimental tool that enables system-wide analysis of PMIs and PPIs across all biological systems. The dataset obtained here comprises nearly 140 metabolites and 5000 proteins, which can be mined for putative interactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Veyel
- From the Department Willmitzer, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam and
| | - Ewelina M Sokolowska
- From the Department Willmitzer, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam and
| | - Juan C Moreno
- From the Department Willmitzer, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam and
| | | | - Justyna Cichon
- From the Department Willmitzer, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam and
| | - Izabela Wojciechowska
- From the Department Willmitzer, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam and
| | - Marcin Luzarowski
- From the Department Willmitzer, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam and
| | - Monika Kosmacz
- From the Department Willmitzer, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam and
| | - Jagoda Szlachetko
- From the Department Willmitzer, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam and
| | - Michal Gorka
- From the Department Willmitzer, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam and
| | | | - Alexander Graf
- From the Department Willmitzer, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam and
| | - Etienne H Meyer
- From the Department Willmitzer, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam and
| | - Lothar Willmitzer
- From the Department Willmitzer, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam and
| | - Aleksandra Skirycz
- From the Department Willmitzer, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam and
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16
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Proteomic and genomic responses of plants to nutritional stress. Biometals 2018; 31:161-187. [PMID: 29453655 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-018-0083-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Minerals or trace elements in small amount are essential nutrients for every plant, but when the internal concentration exceeds the threshold, these essential elements do create phytotoxicity. Plant responses to elemental stresses are very common due to different anthropogenic activities; however it is a complex phenomenon with individual characteristics for various species. To cope up with the situation, a plant produces a group of strategies both in proteomic and genomic level to overcome it. Controlling the metal stress is known to activate a multigene response resulting in the changes in various proteins, which directly affects almost all biological processes in a living cell. Therefore, proteomic and genomic approaches can be useful for elucidating the molecular responses under metal stress. For this, it is tried to provide the latest knowledge and techniques used in proteomic and genomic study during nutritional stress and is represented here in review form.
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17
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Majumdar R, Shao L, Turlapati SA, Minocha SC. Polyamines in the life of Arabidopsis: profiling the expression of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) gene family during its life cycle. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:264. [PMID: 29281982 PMCID: PMC5745906 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1208-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arabidopsis has 5 paralogs of the S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) gene. Neither their specific role in development nor the role of positive/purifying selection in genetic divergence of this gene family is known. While some data are available on organ-specific expression of AtSAMDC1, AtSAMDC2, AtSAMDC3 and AtSAMDC4, not much is known about their promoters including AtSAMDC5, which is believed to be non-functional. RESULTS (1) Phylogenetic analysis of the five AtSAMDC genes shows similar divergence pattern for promoters and coding sequences (CDSs), whereas, genetic divergence of 5'UTRs and 3'UTRs was independent of the promoters and CDSs; (2) while AtSAMDC1 and AtSAMDC4 promoters exhibit high activity (constitutive in the former), promoter activities of AtSAMDC2, AtSAMDC3 and AtSAMDC5 are moderate to low in seedlings (depending upon translational or transcriptional fusions), and are localized mainly in the vascular tissues and reproductive organs in mature plants; (3) based on promoter activity, it appears that AtSAMDC5 is both transcriptionally and translationally active, but based on it's coding sequence it seems to produce a non-functional protein; (4) though 5'-UTR based regulation of AtSAMDC expression through upstream open reading frames (uORFs) in the 5'UTR is well known, no such uORFs are present in AtSAMDC4 and AtSAMDC5; (5) the promoter regions of all five AtSAMDC genes contain common stress-responsive elements and hormone-responsive elements; (6) at the organ level, the activity of AtSAMDC enzyme does not correlate with the expression of specific AtSAMDC genes or with the contents of spermidine and spermine. CONCLUSIONS Differential roles of positive/purifying selection were observed in genetic divergence of the AtSAMDC gene family. All tissues express one or more AtSAMDC gene with significant redundancy, and concurrently, there is cell/tissue-specificity of gene expression, particularly in mature organs. This study provides valuable information about AtSAMDC promoters, which could be useful in future manipulation of crop plants for nutritive purposes, stress tolerance or bioenergy needs. The AtSAMDC1 core promoter might serve the need of a strong constitutive promoter, and its high expression in the gametophytic cells could be exploited, where strong male/female gametophyte-specific expression is desired; e.g. in transgenic modification of crop varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajtilak Majumdar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH USA
- USDA-ARS, SRRC, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA
| | - Lin Shao
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH USA
| | - Swathi A. Turlapati
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH USA
| | - Subhash C. Minocha
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH USA
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18
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Cohen H, Salmon A, Tietel Z, Hacham Y, Amir R. The relative contribution of genes operating in the S-methylmethionine cycle to methionine metabolism in Arabidopsis seeds. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2017; 36:731-743. [PMID: 28289884 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-017-2124-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes operating in the S -methylmethionine cycle make a differential contribution to methionine synthesis in seeds. In addition, mutual effects exist between the S -methylmethionine cycle and the aspartate family pathway in seeds. Methionine, a sulfur-containing amino acid, is a key metabolite in plant cells. The previous lines of evidence proposed that the S-methylmethionine (SMM) cycle contributes to methionine synthesis in seeds where methionine that is produced in non-seed tissues is converted to SMM and then transported via the phloem into the seeds. However, the relative regulatory roles of the S-methyltransferases operating within this cycle in seeds are yet to be fully understood. In the current study, we generated transgenic Arabidopsis seeds with altered expression of three HOMOCYSTEINE S-METHYLTRANSFERASEs (HMTs) and METHIONINE S-METHYLTRANSFERASE (MMT), and profiled them for transcript and metabolic changes. The results revealed that AtHMT1 and AtHMT3, but not AtHMT2 and AtMMT, are the predominant enzymes operating in seeds as altered expression of these two genes affected the levels of methionine and SMM in transgenic seeds. Their manipulations resulted in adapted expression level of genes participating in methionine synthesis through the SMM and aspartate family pathways. Taken together, our findings provide new insights into the regulatory roles of the SMM cycle and the mutual effects existing between the two methionine biosynthesis pathways, highlighting the complexity of the metabolism of methionine and SMM in seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagai Cohen
- Laboratory of Plant Science, Migal Galilee Technology Center, 12100, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000, Haifa, Israel
| | - Asaf Salmon
- Laboratory of Plant Science, Migal Galilee Technology Center, 12100, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
- Tel-Hai College, 11016, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - Zipora Tietel
- Gilat Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Negev, Israel
| | - Yael Hacham
- Laboratory of Plant Science, Migal Galilee Technology Center, 12100, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Rachel Amir
- Laboratory of Plant Science, Migal Galilee Technology Center, 12100, Kiryat Shmona, Israel.
- Tel-Hai College, 11016, Upper Galilee, Israel.
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19
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Nativ N, Hacham Y, Hershenhorn J, Dor E, Amir R. Metabolic Investigation of Phelipanche aegyptiaca Reveals Significant Changes during Developmental Stages and in Its Different Organs. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:491. [PMID: 28439279 PMCID: PMC5383700 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Phelipanche aegyptiaca Pers. is a root holoparasitic plant considered to be among the most destructive agricultural weeds worldwide. In order to gain more knowledge about the metabolic profile of the parasite during its developmental stages, we carried out primary metabolic and lipid profiling using GC-MS analysis. In addition, the levels of amino acids that incorporate into proteins, total protein in the albumin fraction, nitrogen, reduced sugars, and phenols were determined. For the assays, the whole plants from the four developmental stages-tubercle, pre-emergent shoot, post-emergent shoot, and mature flowering plants-were taken. Thirty-five metabolites out of 66 differed significantly between the various developmental stages. The results have shown that the first three developmental stages were distinguished in their profiles, but the latter two did not differ from the mature stage. Yet, 46% of the metabolites detected did not change significantly during the developmental stages. This is unlike other studies of non-parasitic plants showing that their metabolic levels tend to alter significantly during development. This implies that the parasite can control the levels of these metabolites. We further studied the metabolic nature of five organs (adventitious roots, lower and upper shoot, floral buds, and flowers) in mature plants. Similar to non-parasitic plants, the parasite exhibited significant differences between the vegetative and reproductive organs. Compared to other organs, floral buds had higher levels of free amino acids and total nitrogen, whereas flowers accumulated higher levels of simple sugars such as sucrose, and the putative precursors for nectar synthesis, color, and volatiles. This suggests that the reproductive organs have the ability to accumulate metabolites that are required for the production of seeds and as a source of energy for the reproductive processes. The data contribute to our knowledge about the metabolic behavior of parasites that rely on their host for its basic nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Nativ
- Migal Galilee Technology CenterKiryat Shmona, Israel
- Biotechnology Department, Tel-Hai CollegeUpper Galilee, Israel
| | - Yael Hacham
- Migal Galilee Technology CenterKiryat Shmona, Israel
- Biotechnology Department, Tel-Hai CollegeUpper Galilee, Israel
| | - Joseph Hershenhorn
- Weed Research Department, Newe Ya'ar Research CenterRamat-Yishay, Israel
| | - Evgenia Dor
- Weed Research Department, Newe Ya'ar Research CenterRamat-Yishay, Israel
| | - Rachel Amir
- Migal Galilee Technology CenterKiryat Shmona, Israel
- Biotechnology Department, Tel-Hai CollegeUpper Galilee, Israel
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