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Wang Y, Zhou F, Li Y, Yu X, Wang Y, Zhao Q, Feng X, Chen J, Lou Q. Characterization of the CsCENH3 protein and centromeric DNA profiles reveal the structures of centromeres in cucumber. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae127. [PMID: 38966863 PMCID: PMC11220175 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Centromeres in eukaryotes mediate the accurate segregation of chromosomes during cell division. They serve as essential functional units of chromosomes and play a core role in the process of genome evolution. Centromeres are composed of satellite repeats and highly repetitive centromeric retrotransposons (CRs), which vary greatly even among closely related species. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is a globally cultivated and economically important vegetable and the only species in the Cucumis genus with seven pairs of chromosomes. Therefore, studying the centromeres of the Cucumis subgenus may yield valuable insights into its genome structure and evolution. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) techniques, we isolated centromeric DNA from cucumber reference line 9930. Our investigation into cucumber centromeres uncovered the centromeric satellite sequence, designated as CentCs, and the prevalence of Ty1/Copia long terminal repeat retrotransposons. In addition, active genes were identified in the CsCENH3 nucleosome regions with low transcription levels. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that characterization of centromeres has been achieved in cucumber. Meanwhile, our results on the distribution of CentCs and CsCRs in the subgenus Cucumis indicate that the content of centromeric repeats in the wild variants was significantly reduced compared with the cultivated cucumber. The results provide evidence for centromeric DNA amplification that occurred during the domestication process from wild to cultivated cucumber. Furthermore, these findings may offer new information for enhancing our understanding of phylogenetic relationships in the Cucumis genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street No.1, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street No.1, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yangang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street No.1, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaqing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street No.1, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street No.1, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qinzheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street No.1, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xianbo Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street No.1, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jinfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street No.1, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qunfeng Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street No.1, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China
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Bergman ME, Kortbeek RWJ, Gutensohn M, Dudareva N. Plant terpenoid biosynthetic network and its multiple layers of regulation. Prog Lipid Res 2024; 95:101287. [PMID: 38906423 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Terpenoids constitute one of the largest and most chemically diverse classes of primary and secondary metabolites in nature with an exceptional breadth of functional roles in plants. Biosynthesis of all terpenoids begins with the universal five‑carbon building blocks, isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and its allylic isomer dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP), which in plants are derived from two compartmentally separated but metabolically crosstalking routes, the mevalonic acid (MVA) and methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathways. Here, we review the current knowledge on the terpenoid precursor pathways and highlight the critical hidden constraints as well as multiple regulatory mechanisms that coordinate and homeostatically govern carbon flux through the terpenoid biosynthetic network in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Bergman
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States; Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Ruy W J Kortbeek
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States; Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Michael Gutensohn
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Natalia Dudareva
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States; Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States; Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.
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Wei G, Xu Y, Wang P, Hussain H, Chen Y, Shi Y, Zhu K, Bai M, Xu Y, Wang J, Feng L. Integrated Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Analysis Reveals New Insights into Triterpene Biosynthesis in Rosa rugosa. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1600. [PMID: 38931033 PMCID: PMC11207392 DOI: 10.3390/plants13121600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Rosa rugosa is highly regarded for its aesthetic and therapeutic qualities. In particular, R. rugosa's flowers are known to produce essential oils containing a mixture of volatile terpenes, phenylpropanoids, and other compounds. Despite this, extensive research exists on volatile terpenes in flowers, while the knowledge of non-volatile terpenes in distinct tissues is still limited. Using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS, a comprehensive analysis of the terpene metabolites in five different tissues of R. rugosa was conducted. These metabolites accumulated in distinct tissues, and the majority of them were triterpenoids. Transcriptome data were collected from five tissues using RNA-seq. Transcriptomics and metabolomics were utilized to evaluate the triterpene biosynthesis pathway, resulting in new insights into its regulation and biosynthesis. The RrOSC10 was identified as a key enzyme in converting 2,3-oxidosqualene into α-amyrin, potentially contributing to the triterpene biosynthesis pathway. Furthermore, the expression of the RrOSC10 gene was upregulated by salinity for 0.5 h and 1 h, with subsequent downregulation at 2 h. This study lays a foundation for future research on the biosynthesis and accumulation of triterpenes in R. rugosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Wei
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (G.W.); (Y.X.); (P.W.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.); (M.B.); (Y.X.); (J.W.)
| | - Yang Xu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (G.W.); (Y.X.); (P.W.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.); (M.B.); (Y.X.); (J.W.)
| | - Pengqing Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (G.W.); (Y.X.); (P.W.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.); (M.B.); (Y.X.); (J.W.)
| | - Hammad Hussain
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (G.W.); (Y.X.); (P.W.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.); (M.B.); (Y.X.); (J.W.)
| | - Yudie Chen
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (G.W.); (Y.X.); (P.W.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.); (M.B.); (Y.X.); (J.W.)
| | - Yuqing Shi
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (G.W.); (Y.X.); (P.W.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.); (M.B.); (Y.X.); (J.W.)
| | - Kaikai Zhu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Mengjuan Bai
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (G.W.); (Y.X.); (P.W.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.); (M.B.); (Y.X.); (J.W.)
| | - Yong Xu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (G.W.); (Y.X.); (P.W.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.); (M.B.); (Y.X.); (J.W.)
| | - Jianwen Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (G.W.); (Y.X.); (P.W.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.); (M.B.); (Y.X.); (J.W.)
| | - Liguo Feng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (G.W.); (Y.X.); (P.W.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.); (M.B.); (Y.X.); (J.W.)
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Wang H, Wei X, Mo C, Wei M, Li Y, Fan Y, Gu X, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Kong Q. Integrated full-length transcriptome and metabolome analysis reveals the defence response of melon to gummy stem blight. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:1997-2010. [PMID: 38379450 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Gummy stem blight (GSB), a widespread disease causing great loss to cucurbit production, has become a major threat to melon cultivation. However, the melon-GSB interaction remains largely unknown. Here, full-length transcriptome and widely targeted metabolome were used to investigate the defence responses of resistant (PI511089) and susceptible (Payzawat) melon accessions to GSB pathogen infection at 24 h. The biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and MAPK signalling pathway were specifically enriched for differentially expressed genes in PI511890, while carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism were specifically enriched in Payzawat. More than 1000 novel genes were identified and MAPK signalling pathway was specifically enriched for them in PI511890. There were 11 793 alternative splicing events involving in the defence response to GSB. Totally, 910 metabolites were identified in Payzawat and PI511890, and flavonoids were the dominant metabolites. Integrated full-length transcriptome and metabolome analysis showed eriodictyol and oxalic acid were the potential marker metabolites for GSB resistance in melon. Moreover, posttranscription regulation was widely involved in the defence response of melon to GSB pathogen infection. These results not only improve our understanding on the interaction between melon and GSB, but also facilitate the genetic improvement of melon with GSB resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoying Wei
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changjuan Mo
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Minghua Wei
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaqiong Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuxin Fan
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojing Gu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- Hami-Melon Research Center, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Yongbing Zhang
- Hami-Melon Research Center, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Qiusheng Kong
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Lu S, Zhang L, Lu Y, Chen M, Wang Z. Host Volatiles Potentially Drive Two Evolutionarily Related Weevils to Select Different Grains. INSECTS 2024; 15:300. [PMID: 38786856 DOI: 10.3390/insects15050300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The Sitophilus zeamais (maize weevil) and Sitophilus oryzae (rice weevil) are two insect pests that have caused huge economic losses to stored grains worldwide. It is urgent to develop an environmentally friendly strategy for the control of these destructive pests. Here, the olfactory-mediated selection preference of the two weevil species to three stored grains was analyzed, which should help establish a pull-push system in managing them. Bioassays showed that maize weevil adults prefer to select maize, followed by paddy and wheat, while rice weevil adults mainly migrate towards wheat. Volatile analyses revealed that 2-ethylhexanol, piperitone, and (+)-Δ-cadiene are the major components in volatiles from both maize and wheat, but the abundance of these chemicals is much lower in maize than that in wheat. The volatile limonene was only detected in paddy. Y-tube bioassays suggest that 2-ethylhexanol, piperitone, and (+)-Δ-cadiene were all attractive to both weevils, whereas limonene was attractive only to rice weevils. Overall, maize weevil appeared more sensitive to the tested volatiles based on having much lower effective concentrations of these volatiles needed to attract them. The differences in volatile profiles among the grains and the sensitivity of the two species towards these volatiles may explain the behavioral differences between maize and rice weevils in selecting host grains. The differences in sensitivity of maize and rice weevils towards host volatile components with abundance differences are likely determinants driving the two insect species to migrate towards different host grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Lu
- School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lingfang Zhang
- School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yujie Lu
- School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Mingshun Chen
- USDA-ARS-PSERU, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Zhengyan Wang
- School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Sha H, Li S, Li J, Zhao J, Su D. Widely Targeted Metabolomics and Network Pharmacology Reveal the Nutritional Potential of Yellowhorn ( Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge) Leaves and Flowers. Foods 2024; 13:1274. [PMID: 38672945 PMCID: PMC11049039 DOI: 10.3390/foods13081274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Yellowhorn (Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge) is a unique oilseed tree in China with high edible and medicinal value. However, the application potential of yellowhorn has not been adequately explored. In this study, widely targeted metabolomics (HPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS) and network pharmacology were applied to investigate the nutritional potential of yellowhorn leaves and flowers. The widely targeted metabolomics results suggested that the yellowhorn leaf contains 948 non-volatile metabolites and 638 volatile metabolites, while the yellowhorn flower contains 976 and 636, respectively. A non-volatile metabolite analysis revealed that yellowhorn leaves and flowers contain a variety of functional components beneficial to the human body, such as terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, lignans and coumarins, phenolic acids, amino acids, and nucleotides. An analysis of volatile metabolites indicated that the combined action of various volatile compounds, such as 2-furanmethanol, β-icon, and 2-methyl-3-furanthiol, provides the special flavor of yellowhorn leaves and flowers. A network pharmacology analysis showed that various components in the flowers and leaves of yellowhorn have a wide range of biological activities. This study deepens our understanding of the non-volatile and volatile metabolites in yellowhorn and provides a theoretical basis and data support for the whole resource application of yellowhorn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Sha
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang 261325, China; (H.S.); (J.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Shouke Li
- Shandong Woqi Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Weifang 262100, China;
| | - Jiaxing Li
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang 261325, China; (H.S.); (J.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Junying Zhao
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang 261325, China; (H.S.); (J.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Dingding Su
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang 261325, China; (H.S.); (J.L.); (J.Z.)
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Zhang Z, Liu M, Wang X, Gou J, Li T, Zhao T, Zhou L, Zhang F, Cheng F, Wang L. Plant volatiles mediated the orientation preference of slugs to different plant species. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:267-274. [PMID: 37672502 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Slugs mechanically damage plant leaves, resulting in significant economic losses. However, there are limited cost-efficient strategies available in slug management. By studying how slugs utilize plant volatiles to locate host plants, we can gain insights into the design of attractants and repellents. RESULTS Bioassay results suggest slugs (Agriolimax agrestis) prefer to orientate to lettuce (Lactuca sativa), cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.), and young tobacco seedlings, compared with old tobacco seedlings. We analyzed the volatomics of lettuce, cabbage, young and old tobacco seedlings. 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)-ethanol acetate (2EA) had high abundance while nonanal, decanal, and β-cylocitral had relatively low content in volatiles. Old tobacco seedlings released significantly more hexanal but fewer 1,4-dihydro-4-oxopyridazine (DO). In olfactory tests, hexanal, nonanal, decanal, and β-cylocitral showed strong repellency to slugs, while DO at a dose of 500 ng/μL and 2EA at a dose of 1% were attractive to slugs. The two alkanes, hexadecane and heptadecane, had no effect on slug orientating to host plants. DO and 2EA can thus alleviate the repellency of hexanal, nonanal, decanal and β-cylocitral. CONCLUSION The high emission of hexanal in old tobacco seedlings helps repel slugs, while 2EA and DO attract slugs to lettuce and cabbage. These findings suggest that these chemicals can be utilized in the design of repellents and attractants, and contribute to constructing a push-pull system for slug control. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelong Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Research Center of Green Pesticide Engineering and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Creation and Application of New Pesticides, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Minghong Liu
- Zunyi Branch of Guizhou Tobacco Company, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Zunyi Branch of Guizhou Tobacco Company, Zunyi, China
| | - Jianyu Gou
- Zunyi Branch of Guizhou Tobacco Company, Zunyi, China
| | - Tianliang Li
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Research Center of Green Pesticide Engineering and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Creation and Application of New Pesticides, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Te Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Research Center of Green Pesticide Engineering and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Creation and Application of New Pesticides, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Research Center of Green Pesticide Engineering and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Creation and Application of New Pesticides, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fulong Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Kingbo Biotech.Co., Ltd, Bayannur, China
| | - Fujia Cheng
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Research Center of Green Pesticide Engineering and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Creation and Application of New Pesticides, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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Wei G, Xu Y, Xu M, Shi X, Wang J, Feng L. Identification of Volatile Compounds and Terpene Synthase ( TPS) Genes Reveals ZcTPS02 Involved in β-Ocimene Biosynthesis in Zephyranthes candida. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:185. [PMID: 38397175 PMCID: PMC10887521 DOI: 10.3390/genes15020185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Zephyranthes candida is a frequently cultivated ornamental plant containing several secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, flavonoids, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, extensive research has been conducted only on non-VOCs found in the plant, whereas the production of VOCs and the molecular mechanisms underlying the biosynthesis of terpenes remain poorly understood. In this study, 17 volatile compounds were identified from Z. candida flowers using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), with 16 of them being terpenoids. Transcriptome sequencing resulted in the identification of 17 terpene synthase (TPS) genes; two TPS genes, ZcTPS01 and ZcTPS02, had high expression levels. Biochemical characterization of two enzymes encoded by both genes revealed that ZcTPS02 can catalyze geranyl diphosphate (GPP) into diverse products, among which is β-ocimene, which is the second most abundant compound found in Z. candida flowers. These results suggest that ZcTPS02 plays a vital role in β-ocimene biosynthesis, providing valuable insights into terpene biosynthesis pathways in Z. candida. Furthermore, the expression of ZcTPS02 was upregulated after 2 h of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment and downregulated after 4 h of the same treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Liguo Feng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (G.W.); (Y.X.); (M.X.); (X.S.); (J.W.)
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Wen L, Cao J, Li W, Guo Y. Changes in volatile profile and related gene expression during senescence of tobacco leaves. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:6540-6552. [PMID: 37223951 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Volatile organic compounds are critical for food flavor and play important roles in plant-plant interactions and plants' communications with the environment. Tobacco is well-studied for secondary metabolism and most of the typical flavor substances in tobacco leaves are generated at the mature stage of leaf development. However, the changes in volatiles during leaf senescence are rarely studied. RESULTS The volatile composition of tobacco leaves at different stages of senescence was characterized for the first time. Comparative volatile profiling of tobacco leaves at different stages was performed using solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. In total, 45 volatile compounds were identified and quantified, including terpenoids, green leaf volatiles (GLVs), phenylpropanoids, Maillard reaction products, esters, and alkanes. Most of the volatile compounds showed differential accumulation during leaf senescence. Some terpenoids, including neophytadiene, β-springene, and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, increased significantly with the progress of leaf senescence. Hexanal and phenylacetaldehyde also showed increased accumulation in leaves during senescence. The results from gene expression profiling indicated that genes involved in metabolism of terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, and GLVs were differentially expressed during leaf yellowing. CONCLUSION Dynamic changes in volatile compounds during tobacco leaf senescence are observed and the integration of gene-metabolites datasets offers important readouts for the genetic control of volatile production during the process of leaf senescence. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichao Wen
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianmin Cao
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongfeng Guo
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
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Hua B, Liang F, Zhang W, Qiao D, Wang P, Teng H, Zhang Z, Liu J, Miao M. The Potential Role of bZIP55/65 in Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization in Cucumber Is Revealed via bZIP Gene Family Characterization. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3228. [PMID: 37765392 PMCID: PMC10537890 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The bZIP (basic leucine zipper) proteins play crucial roles in various biological functions. Nitrogen (N) is an essential element for plant growth, especially in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) due to its shallow roots. However, the regulation of bZIP genes in cucumber nitrogen metabolism has not been studied yet. In this study, we identified a total of 72 bZIP genes (CsbZIPs) in the cucumber genome that could be classified into 13 groups. These genes were unevenly distributed on seven chromosomes, and synteny analysis showed that the CsbZIP genes were expanded in a segmentally duplicating manner. Furthermore, our genome-wide expression analysis suggested that CsbZIP genes had different patterns and that five CsbZIP genes were regulated by nitrogen treatment in both leaves and roots. Consistent with CsNPF, CsbZIP55 and CsbZIP65 were regulated by nitrogen treatment in leaves and roots. Moreover, the subcellular localization showed that CsbZIP55 and CsbZIP65 were specifically located in the nucleus, and the transcriptional activation assay showed that CsbZIP55 and CsbZIP65 have transcriptional activation activity. Additionally, in the CsbZIP55 and CsbZIP65 overexpression plants, most nitrogen-regulated CsNPF genes were downregulated. Taken together, our comprehensive analysis of the bZIP gene family lays a foundation for understanding the molecular and physiological functions of CsbZIPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Hua
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (B.H.); (F.L.); (W.Z.); (D.Q.); (P.W.); (H.T.); (Z.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Fei Liang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (B.H.); (F.L.); (W.Z.); (D.Q.); (P.W.); (H.T.); (Z.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Wenyan Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (B.H.); (F.L.); (W.Z.); (D.Q.); (P.W.); (H.T.); (Z.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Dan Qiao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (B.H.); (F.L.); (W.Z.); (D.Q.); (P.W.); (H.T.); (Z.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Peiqi Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (B.H.); (F.L.); (W.Z.); (D.Q.); (P.W.); (H.T.); (Z.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Haofeng Teng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (B.H.); (F.L.); (W.Z.); (D.Q.); (P.W.); (H.T.); (Z.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (B.H.); (F.L.); (W.Z.); (D.Q.); (P.W.); (H.T.); (Z.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Jiexia Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (B.H.); (F.L.); (W.Z.); (D.Q.); (P.W.); (H.T.); (Z.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Minmin Miao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (B.H.); (F.L.); (W.Z.); (D.Q.); (P.W.); (H.T.); (Z.Z.); (J.L.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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11
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Li Y, Nan Z, Matthew C, Wang Y, Duan T. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus changes alfalfa (Medicago sativa) metabolites in response to leaf spot (Phoma medicaginis) infection, with subsequent effects on pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) behavior. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 239:286-300. [PMID: 37010085 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant disease occurs simultaneously with insect attack. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) modify plant biotic stress response. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and pathogens may modify plant volatile organic compound (VOC) production and insect behavior. Nevertheless, such effects are rarely studied, particularly for mesocosms where component organisms interact with each other. Plant-mediated effects of leaf pathogen (Phoma medicaginis) infection on aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) infestation, and role of AMF (Rhizophagus intraradices) in modifying these interactions were elucidated in a glasshouse experiment. We evaluated alfalfa disease occurrence, photosynthesis, phytohormones, trypsin inhibitor (TI) and total phenol response to pathogen and aphid attack, with or without AMF, and aphid behavior towards VOCs from AMF inoculated and non-mycorrhizal alfalfa, with or without pathogen infection. AM fungus enhanced alfalfa resistance to pathogen and aphid infestation. Plant biomass, root : shoot ratio, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, salicylic acid, and TI were significantly increased in AM-inoculated alfalfa. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and pathogen significantly changed alfalfa VOCs. Aphids preferred VOCs of AM-inoculated and nonpathogen-infected to nonmycorrhizal and pathogen-infected alfalfa. We propose that AMF alter plant response to multiple biotic stresses in ways both beneficial and harmful to the plant host, providing a basis for strategies to manage pathogens and herbivore pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingde Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Zhibiao Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Cory Matthew
- School of Agriculture and Environment, College of Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Yajie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Tingyu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, 730020, China
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12
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Li R, Yan D, Tan C, Li C, Song M, Zhao Q, Yang Y, Yin W, Liu Z, Ren X, Liu C. Transcriptome and Metabolomics Integrated Analysis Reveals MdMYB94 Associated with Esters Biosynthesis in Apple ( Malus × domestica). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:7904-7920. [PMID: 37167631 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Volatile esters are major aromas contributing to the organoleptic quality of apple fruit. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of volatile ester biosynthesis in apple remain elusive. This study investigated the volatile profiles and transcriptomes of 'Qinguan' (QG) apple fruit during development and/or postharvest storage. Although the constitution of volatiles varied widely between the peel and flesh, the volatile profiles of the peel and flesh of ripening QG fruit were dominated by volatile esters. WGCNA results suggested that 19 genes belonging to ester biosynthesis pathways and 11 hub transcription factor genes potentially participated in the biosynthesis and regulation of esters. To figure out key regulators of ester biosynthesis, correlation network analysis, dual-luciferase assays, and yeast one-hybrid assay were conducted and suggested that MdMYB94 trans-activated the MdAAT2 promoter and participated in the regulation of ester biosynthesis. This study provides a framework for understanding ester biosynthesis and regulation in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Dan Yan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chunyan Tan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Cen Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Meijie Song
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qiqi Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yaming Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Weijie Yin
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhande Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaolin Ren
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Cuihua Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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13
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Kiryushkin AS, Ilina EL, Guseva ED, Pawlowski K, Demchenko KN. Lateral Root Initiation in Cucumber ( Cucumis sativus): What Does the Expression Pattern of Rapid Alkalinization Factor 34 ( RALF34) Tell Us? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098440. [PMID: 37176146 PMCID: PMC10179419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, the small signaling peptide (peptide hormone) RALF34 is involved in the gene regulatory network of lateral root initiation. In this study, we aimed to understand the nature of the signals induced by RALF34 in the non-model plant cucumber (Cucumis sativus), where lateral root primordia are induced in the apical meristem of the parental root. The RALF family members of cucumber were identified using phylogenetic analysis. The sequence of events involved in the initiation and development of lateral root primordia in cucumber was examined in detail. To elucidate the role of the small signaling peptide CsRALF34 and its receptor CsTHESEUS1 in the initial stages of lateral root formation in the parental root meristem in cucumber, we studied the expression patterns of both genes, as well as the localization and transport of the CsRALF34 peptide. CsRALF34 is expressed in all plant organs. CsRALF34 seems to differ from AtRALF34 in that its expression is not regulated by auxin. The expression of AtRALF34, as well as CsRALF34, is regulated in part by ethylene. CsTHESEUS1 is expressed constitutively in cucumber root tissues. Our data suggest that CsRALF34 acts in a non-cell-autonomous manner and is not involved in lateral root initiation in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey S Kiryushkin
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Development, Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena L Ilina
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Development, Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elizaveta D Guseva
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Development, Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Katharina Pawlowski
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kirill N Demchenko
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Development, Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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14
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Ma Y, Chen Q, Wang Y, Zhang F, Wang C, Wang G. Heteromerization of short-chain trans-prenyltransferase controls precursor allocation within a plastidial terpenoid network. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:1170-1182. [PMID: 36647626 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Terpenes are the largest and most diverse class of plant specialized metabolites. Sesterterpenes (C25), which are derived from the plastid methylerythritol phosphate pathway, were recently characterized in plants. In Arabidopsis thaliana, four genes encoding geranylfarnesyl diphosphate synthase (GFPPS) (AtGFPPS1 to 4) are responsible for the production of GFPP, which is the common precursor for sesterterpene biosynthesis. However, the interplay between sesterterpenes and other known terpenes remain elusive. Here, we first provide genetic evidence to demonstrate that GFPPSs are responsible for sesterterpene production in Arabidopsis. Blockage of the sesterterpene pathway at the GFPPS step increased the production of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP)-derived terpenes. Interestingly, co-expression of sesterTPSs in GFPPS-OE (overexpression) plants rescued the phenotypic changes of GFPPS-OE plants by restoring the endogenous GGPP. We further demonstrated that, in addition to precursor (DMAPP/IPP) competition by GFPPS and GGPP synthase (GGPPS) in plastids, GFPPS directly decreased the activity of GGPPS through protein-protein interaction, ultimately leading to GGPP deficiency in planta. Our study provides a new regulatory mechanism of the plastidial terpenoid network in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Qingwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yaoyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Fengxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chengyuan Wang
- Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
- Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
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15
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Lin Q, Chen J, Liu X, Wang B, Zhao Y, Liao L, Allan AC, Sun C, Duan Y, Li X, Grierson D, Verdonk JC, Chen K, Han Y, Bi J. A metabolic perspective of selection for fruit quality related to apple domestication and improvement. Genome Biol 2023; 24:95. [PMID: 37101232 PMCID: PMC10131461 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-02945-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apple is an economically important fruit crop. Changes in metabolism accompanying human-guided evolution can be revealed using a multiomics approach. We perform genome-wide metabolic analysis of apple fruits collected from 292 wild and cultivated accessions representing various consumption types. RESULTS We find decreased amounts of certain metabolites, including tannins, organic acids, phenolic acids, and flavonoids as the wild accessions transition to cultivated apples, while lysolipids increase in the "Golden Delicious" to "Ralls Janet" pedigree, suggesting better storage. We identify a total of 222,877 significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms that are associated with 2205 apple metabolites. Investigation of a region from 2.84 to 5.01 Mb on chromosome 16 containing co-mapping regions for tannins, organic acids, phenolic acids, and flavonoids indicates the importance of these metabolites for fruit quality and nutrition during breeding. The tannin and acidity-related genes Myb9-like and PH4 are mapped closely to fruit weight locus fw1 from 3.41 to 3.76 Mb on chromosome 15, a region under selection during domestication. Lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) 18:1, which is suppressed by fatty acid desaturase-2 (FAD2), is positively correlated to fruit firmness. We find the fruit weight is negatively correlated with salicylic acid and abscisic acid levels. Further functional assays demonstrate regulation of these hormone levels by NAC-like activated by Apetala3/Pistillata (NAP) and ATP binding cassette G25 (ABCG25), respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a metabolic perspective for selection on fruit quality during domestication and improvement, which is a valuable resource for investigating mechanisms controlling apple metabolite content and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 6708 PD The Netherlands
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Bin Wang
- Wuhan Metware Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Yaoyao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Liao Liao
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - Andrew C. Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
| | - Chongde Sun
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Yuquan Duan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Xuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Donald Grierson
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- Plant and Science Crop Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD UK
| | - Julian C. Verdonk
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 6708 PD The Netherlands
| | - Kunsong Chen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Yuepeng Han
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - Jinfeng Bi
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
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16
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Huang C, Sun P, Yu S, Fu G, Deng Q, Wang Z, Cheng S. Analysis of Volatile Aroma Components and Regulatory Genes in Different Kinds and Development Stages of Pepper Fruits Based on Non-Targeted Metabolome Combined with Transcriptome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097901. [PMID: 37175606 PMCID: PMC10178352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aroma is a crucial attribute affecting the quality of pepper and its processed products, which has significant commercial value. However, little is known about the composition of volatile aroma compounds (VACs) in pepper fruits and their potential molecular regulatory mechanisms. In this study, HS-SPME-GC-MS combined with transcriptome sequencing is used to analyze the composition and formation mechanism of VACs in different kinds and development stages of pepper fruits. The results showed that 149 VACs, such as esters, alcohols, aldehydes, and terpenoids, were identified from 4 varieties and 3 development stages, and there were significant quantitative differences among different samples. Volatile esters were the most important aroma components in pepper fruits. PCA analysis showed that pepper fruits of different developmental stages had significantly different marker aroma compounds, which may be an important provider of pepper's characteristic aroma. Transcriptome analysis showed that many differential genes (DEGs) were enriched in the metabolic pathways related to the synthesis of VACs, such as fatty acids, amino acids, MVA, and MEP in pepper fruits. In addition, we identified a large number of differential transcription factors (TFs) that may regulate the synthesis of VACs. Combined analysis of differential aroma metabolites and DEGs identified two co-expression network modules highly correlated with the relative content of VACs in pepper fruit. This study confirmed the basic information on the changes of VACs in the fruits of several Chinese spicy peppers at different stages of development, screened out the characteristic aroma components of different varieties, and revealed the molecular mechanism of aroma formation, providing a valuable reference for the quality breeding of pepper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Huang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Peixia Sun
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shuang Yu
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Genying Fu
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qin Deng
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shanhan Cheng
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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17
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Zhang S, Zhang H, Chen S, Yang L, Chen X, Jiang H. Widely targeted metabolomic deciphers the vertical spatial distribution of flavor substances in Houttuynia cordata Thunb. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.105102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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18
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Zhang M, Zhang W, Zheng Z, Zhang Z, Hua B, Liu J, Miao M. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of NPF Genes in Cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1252. [PMID: 36986940 PMCID: PMC10057324 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The NITRATE TRANSPORTER 1/PEPTIDE TRANSPORTER family (NPF) proteins perform an essential role in regulating plant nitrate absorption and distribution and in improving plant nitrogen use efficiency. In this study, cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) NPF genes were comprehensively analyzed at the whole genome level, and 54 NPF genes were found to be unevenly distributed on seven chromosomes in the cucumber genome. The phylogenetic analysis showed that these genes could be divided into eight subfamilies. We renamed all CsNPF genes according to the international nomenclature, based on their homology with AtNPF genes. By surveying the expression profiles of CsNPF genes in various tissues, we found that CsNPF6.4 was specifically expressed in roots, indicating that CsNPF6.4 may play a role in N absorption; CsNPF6.3 was highly expressed in petioles, which may be related to NO3- storage in petioles; and CsNPF2.8 was highly expressed in fruits, which may promote NO3- transport to the embryos. We further examined their expression patterns under different abiotic stress and nitrogen conditions, and found that CsNPF7.2 and CsNPF7.3 responded to salt, cold, and low nitrogen stress. Taken together, our study lays a foundation for further exploration of the molecular and physiological functions of cucumber nitrate transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wenyan Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zijian Zheng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Bing Hua
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jiexia Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Minmin Miao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Zhang L, Wang P, Li S, Wu D, Zhong Y, Li W, Xu H, Huang L. Differentiation of Mountain- and Garden-Cultivated Ginseng with Different Growth Years Using HS-SPME-GC-MS Coupled with Chemometrics. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052016. [PMID: 36903262 PMCID: PMC10004156 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Although there are differences in the appearance of Mountain-Cultivated Ginseng (MCG) and Garden-Cultivated Ginseng (GCG), it is very difficult to distinguish them when the samples are processed to slices or powder. Moreover, there is significant price difference between them, which leads to the widespread adulteration or falsification in the market. Thus, the authentication of MCG and GCG is crucial for the effectiveness, safety, and quality stability of ginseng. In the present study, a headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) coupled with chemometrics approach was developed to characterize the volatile component profiles in MCG and GCG with 5-,10-,15-growth years, and subsequently to discover differentiating chemical markers. As a result, we characterized, for the first time, 46 volatile components from all the samples by using the NIST database and the Wiley library. The base peak intensity chromatograms were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis to comprehensively compare the chemical differences among the above samples. MCG5-,10-,15-years and GCG5-,10-,15-years samples were mainly divided into two groups by unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA), and 5 potential cultivation-dependent markers were discovered based on orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Moreover, MCG5-,10-,15-years samples were divided into three blocks, and 12 potential growth-year-dependent markers enabled differentiation. Similarly, GCG5-,10-,15-years samples were also separated into three groups, and six potential growth-year-dependent markers were determined. The proposed approach could be applied to directly distinguish MCG and GCG with different growth years and to identify the differentiation chemo-markers, which is an important criterion for evaluating the effectiveness, safety, and quality stability of ginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luoqi Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Sen Li
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yute Zhong
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Weijie Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Haiyu Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of TCM, National Medical Products Administration, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Correspondence: (H.X.); (L.H.); Tel.: +86-10-64032658 (H.X. & L.H.)
| | - Luqi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Correspondence: (H.X.); (L.H.); Tel.: +86-10-64032658 (H.X. & L.H.)
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Zhao L, Shang S, Tian Y, Gao Y, Song Z, Peng L, Li Z, Wang B. Integrative analysis of sensory evaluation and non-targeted metabolomics to unravel tobacco leaf metabolites associated with sensory quality of heated tobacco. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1123100. [PMID: 36844088 PMCID: PMC9944805 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1123100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heated tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) products are heating tobacco plug at a temperature of 350°C and produce different emissions in aerosol and sensory perceptions of tobacco leaf compared with combustible tobacco. Previous study assessed different tobacco varieties in heated tobacco for sensory quality and analyzed the links between sensory scores of the final products and certain chemical classes in tobacco leaf. However, contribution of individual metabolites to sensory quality of heated tobacco remains largely open for investigation. METHODS In present study, five tobacco varieties were evaluated as heated tobacco for sensory quality by an expert panel and the volatile and non-volatile metabolites were analyzed by non-targeted metabolomics profiling. RESULTS The five tobacco varieties had distinct sensory qualities and can be classified into higher and lower sensory rating classes. Principle component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis showed that leaf volatile and non-volatile metabolome annotated were grouped and clustered by sensory ratings of heated tobacco. Orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis followed by variable importance in projection and fold-change analysis revealed 13 volatiles and 345 non-volatiles able to discriminate the tobacco varieties with higher and lower sensory ratings. Some compounds such as β-damascenone, scopoletin, chlorogenic acids, neochlorogenic acids, and flavonol glycosyl derivatives had strong contribution to the prediction of sensory quality of heated tobacco. Several lyso-phosphatidylcholine and lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine lipid species, and reducing and non-reducing sugar molecules were also positively related to sensory quality. DISCUSSION Taken together, these discriminating volatile and non-volatile metabolites support the role of leaf metabolites in affecting the sensory quality of heated tobacco and provide new information on the types of leaf metabolites that can be used to predict applicability of tobacco varieties for heated tobacco products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhao
- National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shanzhai Shang
- Research and Development Center, China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd., Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yongfeng Tian
- Research and Development Center, China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd., Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yulong Gao
- National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhongbang Song
- National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lijuan Peng
- Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Yunnan Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Station, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhuolin Li
- Department of Technical Support, Malong Branch of Qujing Tobacco Company, Qujing, Yunnan, China
| | - Bingwu Wang
- National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Wang Y, Li Y, Tian Z, Duan T. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Alters Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa) Defense Enzyme Activities and Volatile Organic Compound Contents in Response to Pea Aphid ( Acyrthosiphon pisum) Infestation. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8121308. [PMID: 36547641 PMCID: PMC9787922 DOI: 10.3390/jof8121308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) infestation leads to withering, reduced yield, and lower quality of the host plant. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi have been found to enhance their host plants’ nutrient uptake, growth, and resistance to biotic stresses, including pathogen infection and insect pest infestation. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of AM fungus Rhizophagus intraradices on alfalfa defense responses to pea aphid infestation. Aphid infestation did not affect the colonization of AM fungus. The inoculation of AM fungus, on average, enhanced alfalfa catalase and the contents of salicylic acid and trypsin inhibitor by 101, 9.05, and 7.89% compared with non-mycorrhizal alfalfa, respectively. In addition, polyphenol oxidase activities significantly increased by six-fold after aphid infestation in mycorrhizal alfalfa. Moreover, the fungus significantly (p < 0.05) improved alfalfa shoot N content, net photosynthetic and transpiration rates, and shoot dry weight in aphid infected treatment. The aphid infestation changed the total volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in alfalfa, while AM fungus enhanced the contents of methyl salicylate (MeSA). The co-expression network analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed VOCs analysis showed that three DEGs, namely MS.gene23894, MS.gene003889, and MS.gene012415, positively correlated with MeSA both in aphid and AM fungus groups. In conclusion, AM fungus increased alfalfa’s growth, defense enzyme activities, hormones, and VOCs content and up-regulated VOC-related genes to enhance the alfalfa’s resistance following aphid infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou Unviersity, Lanzhou 730020, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730020, China
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yingde Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou Unviersity, Lanzhou 730020, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730020, China
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhen Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou Unviersity, Lanzhou 730020, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730020, China
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Center for Grassland Microbiome, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tingyu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou Unviersity, Lanzhou 730020, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730020, China
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-152-1409-5029
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22
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Ji T, Ma S, Liang M, Wang X, Gao L, Tian Y. Reference genes identification for qRT-PCR normalization of gene expression analysis in Cucumis sativus under Meloidogyne incognita infection and Pseudomonas treatment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1061921. [PMID: 36589116 PMCID: PMC9799720 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1061921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
qRT-PCR is a common and key technical means to study gene expression in biological research. However, reliability and accuracy of quantification by qRT-PCR is entirely dependent on the identification of appropriate reference genes. Cucumber as an economical vegetable is widely cultivated worldwide and is subject to serious nematode infection, especially from M. incognita. Plant could employ beneficial soil bacteria in the rhizosphere to enhance plant adaptability to various stresses. In this study, the optimal reference genes in cucumber under M. incognita stress and Pseudomonas treatment were calculated and confirmed. A total of thirteen candidate reference genes were identified across three different treatments. Of these, geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper programs combined RefFinder software identified EF1 and UBI are the most suitable reference gene in the root knot and whole root of cucumber infected M. incognita, respectively, and CACS is the most suitable reference gene in the whole root of cucumber treated by Pseudomonas. The work first validated the most suitable reference genes for the normalization gene expression in cucumber by nematode infected or Pseudomonas inoculated, and these results would facilitate the further research on M. incognita or Pseudomonas soil rhizosphere microbe interaction with cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lihong Gao
- *Correspondence: Yongqiang Tian, ; Lihong Gao,
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23
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Gao R, Luo Y, Pan X, Wang C, Liao W. Genome-wide identification of SHMT family genes in cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) and functional analyses of CsSHMTs in response to hormones and abiotic stresses. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:305. [PMID: 36276449 PMCID: PMC9526767 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03378-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) is a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme that plays crucial roles in the photorespiration and one-carbon metabolism of plants. In the present research, we conducted a systematic analysis of the SHMT gene family in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L). Results show that a total of 6 SHMT members were identified from the cucumber genome database. CsSHMT1 and CsSHMT2 participate in a fragment duplication event, indicating that CsSHMTs may complete the expansion of family members through fragment duplication. Gene structure analysis found that the number of exons of CsSHMTs ranges from 4 to 15. Members with the same number of exons are classified into the same class in the phylogenetic analysis. Each class reflects its subcellular distribution. Expression and function analysis reveals that CsSHMTs express in a variety of plant tissues, indicating that SHMT gene expression pattern is not organ-specific. qRT-PCR analysis found that CsSHMT3 and CsSHMT5 positively respond to abscisic acid (ABA), and CsSHMT2-6 are induced by indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Abiotic stress analysis shows that CsSHMT3 is significantly induced by drought and salt stress. These results may provide useful information for further function and evolution analysis of cucumber SHMT genes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03378-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Gao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Luo
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuejuan Pan
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunlei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Weibiao Liao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070 People’s Republic of China
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24
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Min K, Song K, Lim S, Yi G, Jin Lee E. Cucurbitacin and volatile compound profiling reveals independent domestication of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) fruit. Food Chem 2022; 405:135006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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The stress-induced metabolites changes in the flavor formation of oolong tea during enzymatic-catalyzed process: A case study of Zhangping Shuixian tea. Food Chem 2022; 391:133192. [PMID: 35597038 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To interpret the environmental stresses induced dynamic changes of volatile and non-volatile constitutes in oolong tea leaves during enzymatic-catalyzed processes (ECP), metabolomic and proteomic studies were carried out using the processed leaf samples collected at the different stages of ECP for Zhangping Shuixian tea manufacture. Non-processed leaves were applied as control. Out of identified 980 non-volatiles and 157 volatiles, 40 non-volatiles and 8 volatiles were screened out as biomarkers, respectively. The integrated analysis on metabolites-proteins showed that phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and phenylalanine metabolism were significantly enriched and highly correlated to the dynamic changes of key metabolites during ECP stage. A biological pathway network was constructed to illuminate the enzymatic-catalyzed production of critical flavoring compounds, including carbohydrates, amino acids, flavonoids, and volatile phenylpropanoids/benzenoids. The electronic-sensory analyses indicated leaf dehydration and mechanical wounding occurred over the sun-withering and turning-over steps are indispensable to form characteristic flavor of Shuixian tea.
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26
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Wang X, Hong Z, Yang A, He Y, Zhu Z, Xu Y. Systematic analysis of the CsmiR396-CsGRFs/CsGIFs module and the opposite role of CsGRF3 and CsGRF5 in regulating cell proliferation in cucumber. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 323:111407. [PMID: 35932827 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Growth-regulating factors (GRFs) are plant-specific transcription factors, and their activities are regulated by miR396 and the GRF-GIF interaction. The miR396-GRFs/GIFs module determines organ size by regulating cell proliferation. However, it is largely unknown in cucumber. In this study, the CsmiR396-CsGRFs/CsGIFs module was investigated in cucumber. Five CsMIR396 loci (CsMIR396A-E), eight CsGRFs and two CsGIFs were identified. CsMIR396A-E was distributed within two clusters and coded three different mature CsmiR396, and all CsGRFs acted as the target of CsmiR396. Bioinformatic analyses showed that miR396s were classified into five types, while GRFs were classified into six groups in plants. The GRFs from group Ⅰ exhibited high diversity and harbored specific characteristics (truncated C-terminus or two WRC domains). qRT-PCR results showed that CsMIR396s (CsMIR396A, CsMIR396B and CsMIR396D) and mature CsmiR396 increased, whereas CsGRFs declined as leaf age increased. In contrast, CsMIR396E was highly expressed in young leaves and shoot tissue, and it was expressed in an age-independent pattern. Yeast two-hybrid assays showed that CsGRF3 strongly interacted with CsGIFs, while CsGRF5 weakly interacted with CsGIFs. Overexpression of CsGRF3 resulted in an enlarged organ size; in contrast, overexpression of CsGRF5, which belonged to group Ⅰ and harbored two WRC domains, resulted in a reduced organ size in Arabidopsis. Section analysis showed that cell proliferation was increased in CsGRF3OE plants, whereas it was decreased in CsGRF5OE plants. In summary, our results reveal the diversity of the CsmiR396-CsGRFs/CsGIFs module in cucumber, and that CsGRF3 and CsGRF5 play an opposite role in regulating cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zezhou Hong
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Aiyi Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong He
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhujun Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yunmin Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China.
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27
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Jo HE, Song K, Kim JG, Lee CH. Non-targeted metabolomic analysis for the comparative evaluation of volatile organic compounds in 20 globally representative cucumber lines. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1028735. [PMID: 36247645 PMCID: PMC9558236 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1028735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are one of the main fruit-quality determinants in cucumber. Here, we investigated the differences in the VOC and primary metabolite composition among 20 representative cucumber lines. Results of non-targeted metabolomics revealed that the cucumber breeding line of the Korean group showed a unique VOC composition in the fruit peel compared to the other groups. Fruit-flesh VOCs significantly differed among Korean, European, and Thai fruits. The main cucumber flavor components, 2-hexenal, hexanal, 6-nonenal, 2,4-nonadienal, and 2,6-nonadienal, were lower in the Korean cucumber lines than in the others. Conversely, linoleic acid derivatives and α-linolenic acid, which are precursors of these VOCs, were abundant in Korean cucumber line. This suggests that the metabolism related to the characteristic flavor of cucumber are downregulated in Korean cucumber line. This study provides novel insights into the fruit flavor-associated metabolome in various cucumber lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Eun Jo
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kihwan Song
- Department of Bioresources Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Gu Kim
- Genomics Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Choong Hwan Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute for Bioactive-Metabolome Network, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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28
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Ma Q, Xu Y, Xiao H, Mariga AM, Chen Y, Zhang X, Wang L, Li D, Li L, Luo Z. Rethinking of botanical volatile organic compounds applied in food preservation: Challenges in acquisition, application, microbial inhibition and stimulation. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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29
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Effect of Developmental Stages on Genes Involved in Middle and Downstream Pathway of Volatile Terpene Biosynthesis in Rose Petals. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071177. [PMID: 35885960 PMCID: PMC9320630 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Terpenoids are economically and ecologically important compounds, and they are vital constituents in rose flower fragrance and rose essential oil. The terpene synthase genes (TPSs), trans-prenyltransferases genes (TPTs), NUDX1 are involved in middle and downstream pathway of volatile terpene biosynthesis in rose flowers. We identified 7 complete RcTPTs, 49 complete RcTPSs, and 9 RcNUDX1 genes in the genome of Rosachinensis. During the flower opening process of butterfly rose (Rosachinensis ‘Mutabilis’, MU), nine RcTPSs expressed in the petals of opening MU flowers exhibited two main expression trends, namely high and low, in old and fresh petals. Five short-chain petal-expressed RcTPTs showed expression patterns corresponding to RcTPSs. Analysis of differential volatile terpenes and differential expressed genes indicated that higher emission of geraniol from old MU petals might be related to the RcGPPS expression. Comprehensive analysis of volatile emission, sequence structure, micro-synteny and gene expression suggested that RcTPS18 may encode (E,E)-α-farnesene synthase. These findings may be useful for elucidating the molecular mechanism of terpenoid metabolism in rose and are vital for future studies on terpene regulation.
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30
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Zhang Y, Zhao Q, Feng Y, Dong Y, Zhang T, Yang Q, Gu H, Huang J, Li Y. Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal the Mechanisms Underlying Anthocyanin Coloration and Aroma Formation in Purple Fennel. Front Nutr 2022; 9:875360. [PMID: 35571884 PMCID: PMC9093692 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.875360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The color and aroma are the significant traits of vegetables and fruits, but the metabolic and molecular mechanisms underlying anthocyanin accumulation and aroma formation remain almost unknown in fennel (Anethum foeniculum L.), which is a crucial vegetable crop and grown widely for aromatic leaves and bulbs. Here, ten major anthocyanins identified and quantified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS) were mainly responsible for the coloration of purple fennel leaf. With the application of GC-MS, it was found that the reduced volatile phenylpropanoids including isoeugenol, trans-isoeugenol, and apiol chiefly account for the characteristic aroma changes of the purple fennel. Moreover, the characteristic anthocyanin coloration and aroma formation in purple fennel were systematically studied with the integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics. The critical genes associated with the biosynthesis and regulation of anthocyanins and volatile phenylpropanoids were isolated and studied carefully in transiently transfected tobacco cells and transgenic tomato plants. Together with the results of UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS, RT-qPCR, and yeast two hybrid (Y2H), it is proved that the metabolic flux redirection of phenylpropanoid pathway primarily regulated by a functional MYB-bHLH-WD40 complex consisting of AfTT8, AfMYB7, and AfTTG1 accounts for the characteristic anthocyanin coloration and aroma formation in purple fennel leaf. The systematic understanding of the anthocyanin accumulation and aroma formation will assist in the improvement of fennel resource utilization and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Zhang
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Youwei Feng
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuanhang Dong
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tianjiao Zhang
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiu Yang
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huihui Gu
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinyong Huang
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Center of Advanced Analysis and Gene Sequencing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Zhang K, Wang N, Gao X, Ma Q. Integrated metabolite profiling and transcriptome analysis reveals tissue-specific regulation of terpenoid biosynthesis in Artemisia argyi. Genomics 2022; 114:110388. [PMID: 35568110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Artemisia argyi L. is a widely distributed medicinal plant in China. The major bioactive substances of essential oils extracted from leaves are terpenoids. Although many researches have studied the pharmacological effects of the essential oils, the tissue-specific accumulation of terpenoid biosynthesis and the regulatory networks in A. argyi are poorly understood. This study conducted an integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis of roots, stems, and leaves to investigate the tissue-specific regulatory network of terpenoid biosynthesis in A. argyi. We identified 77 unigenes putatively involved in terpenoid backbone biosynthesis. Three rate-determining enzyme genes (DXS, DXR, and HDR) of the methylerythritol phosphate pathway were predominantly expressed in leaves, and strongly co-expressed with eight transcription factors (2 MYBs, 4 WRKYs, and 2 AP2s). An metabolite-transcript correlation analysis revealed 26 putative cytochrome P450s related to terpenoid metabolism in leaves. These results provide a foundation for the future metabolic engineering of useful terpenoids in A. argyi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunpeng Zhang
- Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China; Anyang Institute of Technology, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Nuohan Wang
- Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China; Anyang Institute of Technology, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Anyang 455000, China; College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xinqiang Gao
- Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China.
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Zhang J, Gu X, Yan W, Lou L, Xu X, Chen X. Characterization of Differences in the Composition and Content of Volatile Compounds in Cucumber Fruit. Foods 2022; 11:foods11081101. [PMID: 35454687 PMCID: PMC9027996 DOI: 10.3390/foods11081101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The cucumber is characterized by the presence of a wide range of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are recognized as the main responsible for its unique flavor. However, research on the types and contents of VOCs in different cucumber cultivars remains fragmentary. Here, using an automatic headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method, the VOCs were analyzed in three representative cucumber cultivars, including YX, KX, and GX, with the best, middle, and worst flavor quality, respectively, which were selected from 30 cultivars after flavor quality evaluation. Principal component analysis revealed that the six biological replicates were grouped, indicating high reliability of the data. A total of 163 VOCs were detected. There were 28 differential VOCs in YX compared to GX, 33 differential VOCs in YX compared to KX, and 10 differential VOCs in KX compared to GX. Furthermore, K-means clustering analysis showed that 38 of the 43 no-overlapping differential VOCs were represented by the most abundant compounds detected in YX. The prevailing VOCs in YX included: hydrocarbons, aldehydes, and ketones. The data obtained in the present study extend our understanding the impact of cultivars on VOCs in cucumber and will help facilitate targeted breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.Z.); (X.G.); (W.Y.); (X.C.)
| | - Xiuchao Gu
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.Z.); (X.G.); (W.Y.); (X.C.)
| | - Wenjing Yan
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.Z.); (X.G.); (W.Y.); (X.C.)
| | - Lina Lou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
| | - Xuewen Xu
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.Z.); (X.G.); (W.Y.); (X.C.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
- Correspondence:
| | - Xuehao Chen
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.Z.); (X.G.); (W.Y.); (X.C.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Mashilo J, Shimelis H, Ngwepe RM, Thungo Z. Genetic Analysis of Fruit Quality Traits in Sweet Watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus): A Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:834696. [PMID: 35392511 PMCID: PMC8981301 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.834696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fruit quality traits of sweet watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus) are crucial for new product development and commercialization. Sweet watermelon fruit quality traits are affected by the compositions of phytochemical compounds, phytohormones, and fruit flesh firmness which are affected by genes, the growing environment and their interaction. These compositions determine fruit ripening, eating quality, and postharvest shelf-life. Knowledge of the genetic profile and analyses of quality traits in watermelon is vital to develop improved cultivars with enhanced nutritional compositions, consumer-preferred traits, and extended storage life. This review aims to present the opportunities and progress made on the genetic analysis of fruit quality traits in watermelon as a guide for quality breeding based on economic and end-user attributes. The first section of the review highlights the genetic mechanisms involved in the biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds (i.e., sugars, carotenoids, amino acids, organic acids, and volatile compounds), phytohormones (i.e., ethylene and abscisic acid) and fruit flesh structural components (i.e., cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin) elicited during watermelon fruit development and ripening. The second section pinpoints the progress on the development of molecular markers and quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis for phytochemical compounds, phytohormones and fruit quality attributes. The review presents gene-editing technology and innovations associated with fruit quality traits for selection and accelerated cultivar development. Finally, the paper discussed gene actions conditioning fruit ripening in citron watermelon (C. lanatus var. citroides [L. H. Bailey] Mansf. ex Greb.) as reference genetic resources to guide current and future breeding. Information presented in this review is useful for watermelon variety design, product profiling and development to serve the diverse value chains of the crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Mashilo
- Limpopo Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Agriculture Regulatory and Technology Development Directorate, Crop Science Division, Towoomba Research Station, Bela-Bela, South Africa
- African Centre for Crop Improvement, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Hussein Shimelis
- African Centre for Crop Improvement, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Richard Mantlo Ngwepe
- Limpopo Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Agriculture Regulatory and Technology Development Directorate, Crop Science Division, Towoomba Research Station, Bela-Bela, South Africa
- African Centre for Crop Improvement, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Zamalotshwa Thungo
- African Centre for Crop Improvement, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
- Vegetable, Industrial and Medicinal Plants, Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
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Gao L, Hao N, Wu T, Cao J. Advances in Understanding and Harnessing the Molecular Regulatory Mechanisms of Vegetable Quality. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:836515. [PMID: 35371173 PMCID: PMC8964363 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.836515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The quality of vegetables is facing new demands in terms of diversity and nutritional health. Given the improvements in living standards and the quality of consumed products, consumers are looking for vegetable products that maintain their nutrition, taste, and visual qualities. These requirements are directing scientists to focus on vegetable quality in breeding research. Thus, in recent years, research on vegetable quality has been widely carried out, and many applications have been developed via gene manipulation. In general, vegetable quality traits can be divided into three parts. First, commodity quality, which is most related to the commerciality of plants, refers to the appearance of the product. The second is flavor quality, which usually represents the texture and flavor of vegetables. Third, nutritional quality mainly refers to the contents of nutrients and health ingredients such as soluble solids (sugar), vitamin C, and minerals needed by humans. With biotechnological development, researchers can use gene manipulation technologies, such as molecular markers, transgenes and gene editing to improve the quality of vegetables. This review attempts to summarize recent studies on major vegetable crops species, with Brassicaceae, Solanaceae, and Cucurbitaceae as examples, to analyze the present situation of vegetable quality with the development of modern agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Gao
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Ning Hao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tao Wu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Jiajian Cao
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
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Sun Y, Li X, Ma Z, Chen S. Quantitative trait locus mapping of fruit aroma compounds in cucumber ( Cucumber sativus L.) based on a recombinant inbred line population. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac151. [PMID: 36196068 PMCID: PMC9527598 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The fresh and unique flavor of cucumber fruits, mainly composed of aldehydes and alcohols, is one of its most important fruit qualities. However, little is known about the genetic basis of aroma compounds in cucumber fruit and the related quantitative trait loci (QTLs). In this study, genomic screening of QTLs underlying aroma compounds was performed based on the genetic linkage map constructed using 1301 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers from genotyping-by-sequencing of a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population developed from Q16 × Q24. Significant genetic variations of aroma compounds in the RIL population were observed, and a total of 28 QTLs were screened. A major QTL (qol8-2.1) related to (E,Z)-2,6-nonadien-1-ol was detected with a markedly high LOD score (10.97 in 2020 and 3.56 in 2019) between mk190 and mk204 on chromosome 2. Genome scans identified a cluster of nine lipoxygenase genes in this region. A significant positive correlation was detected between CsaV3_2G005360 (CsLOX08) and (E,Z)-2,6-nonadien-1-ol, and five amino acid variations were detected between the CsLOX08 protein sequences of the two parental lines. Based on the genome variation of CsLOX08, we developed an InDel marker. Genotyping of InDel markers was consistent with the content of (E,Z)-2,6-nonadien-1-ol in RILs, which were also verified in nine cucumber inbred lines. The results will give breeders guidance for obtaining better flavor in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhaoyang Ma
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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36
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Peng L, Gao W, Song M, Li M, He D, Wang Z. Integrated Metabolome and Transcriptome Analysis of Fruit Flavor and Carotenoids Biosynthesis Differences Between Mature-Green and Tree-Ripe of cv. "Golden Phoenix" Mangoes ( Mangifera indica L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:816492. [PMID: 35283889 PMCID: PMC8907839 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.816492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The commodity value of fruits is directly affected by fruit flavor and color. Secondary metabolites, such as amino acids, organic acids, esters, and β-carotene, are important synthetic products, which are of great significance in the flavor formation of mango fruits. In this study, a total of 309 different metabolites, consisting of organic acids, amino acids, phenolic acids, and saccharides, and a further 84 types of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were identified in differential levels in TR vs. MG mango fruit stages. The major volatile compounds found were ester [2(3H)-furanone, 5-ethyldihydro; N-(2,5-ditrifluoromethylbenzoyl)-D-alanine, pentyl ester; and Octanoic acid, ethyl ester], aldehyde (benzaldehyde, 3-ethyl, and nonanal), and phenol [2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-6-(1-methylethyl) phenol]. The analysis of carotenoid contents identified 68 carotenoids and we report for the first-time significant contents of zeaxanthin palmitate and (E/Z)-phytoene in mango fruits. α-carotene was a further major contributor to carotene contents with lesser contributions from 5,6epoxy-lutein-caprate-palmitate, β-carotene, lutein oleate, and β-cryptoxanthin. What is more, lutein content was significantly decreased in TR vs. MG fruit. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that relative to the MG stage, the expression of carotenogenic genes GGPS, PSY, LCYB, and ZEP was downregulated in TR mango fruit, whereas the transcript levels of PSD, CHYB, and NCED were downregulated. Additionally, the transcription level of some transcription factors (MYB, bHLH, and NAC) was highly correlated with pigment content in the pulp and may be responsible for carotenoid accumulation. The results describe major differences in metabolic pathways during the transition from MG to the TR stage of fruit ripening that are likely to contribute alterations in fruit flavor and provide several associated genes to be further studied in mango fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Peng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Wenke Gao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Miaoyu Song
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Minghai Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Dinan He
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Ziran Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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He J, Verstappen F, Jiao A, Dicke M, Bouwmeester HJ, Kappers IF. Terpene synthases in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and their contribution to herbivore-induced volatile terpenoid emission. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:862-877. [PMID: 34668204 PMCID: PMC9299122 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Terpenoids play important roles in flavour, pollinator attraction and defence of plants. In cucumber (Cucumis sativus) they are important components of the herbivore-induced plant volatile blend that attracts natural enemies of herbivores. We annotated the cucumber TERPENE SYNTHASE gene (CsTPS) family and characterized their involvement in the response towards herbivores with different feeding guilds using a combined molecular and biochemical approach. Transcripts of multiple CsTPS genes were upregulated in leaves upon herbivory and the products generated by the expressed proteins match the terpenoids recorded in the volatile blend released by herbivore-damaged leaves. Spatial and temporal analysis of the promoter activity of CsTPS genes showed that cell content-feeding spider mites (Tetranychus urticae) and thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) induced promoter activity of CsTPS9 and CsTPS19 within hours after initiation of infestation, while phloem-feeding aphids (Myzus persicae) induced CsTPS2 promoter activity. Our findings offer detailed insights into the involvement of the TPS gene family in the dynamics and fine-tuning of the emission of herbivore-induced plant volatiles in cucumber, and open a new avenue to understand molecular mechanisms that affect plant-herbivore interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- Laboratory of Plant PhysiologyPlant Sciences GroupWageningen University & Research6700AAWageningenthe Netherlands
- Citrus Research InstituteSouthwest University400712ChongqingChina
| | - Francel Verstappen
- Laboratory of Plant PhysiologyPlant Sciences GroupWageningen University & Research6700AAWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Ao Jiao
- Laboratory of Plant PhysiologyPlant Sciences GroupWageningen University & Research6700AAWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of EntomologyPlant Sciences GroupWageningen University & Research6700AAWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Harro J. Bouwmeester
- Laboratory of Plant PhysiologyPlant Sciences GroupWageningen University & Research6700AAWageningenthe Netherlands
- Plant Hormone Biology GroupSwammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of Amsterdam1000BEAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Iris F. Kappers
- Laboratory of Plant PhysiologyPlant Sciences GroupWageningen University & Research6700AAWageningenthe Netherlands
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Jo HE, Son SY, Lee CH. Comparison of Metabolome and Functional Properties of Three Korean Cucumber Cultivars. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:882120. [PMID: 35498687 PMCID: PMC9051474 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.882120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is consumed worldwide and various cultivars have been developed to enhance fruit quality. However, few studies have comprehensively evaluated the quality of various cultivars. We carried out a metabolomics approach to study the three different cucumber cultivars (Chuichung, White Dadagi, and Mini) and their parts (peel and flesh) coupled with antioxidant activities. The amino acids, sugars, flavonoids, carotenoids, and chlorophylls were upregulated in Mini flesh; however, in the case of peel, they were highly expressed in Chuichung. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in the peel of Chuichung and flesh of Mini. Through correlation analysis between metabolites and antioxidant activity, apigenin and quercetin derivatives, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, lutein, α-carotene, and β-carotene were found to be significantly positively correlated with antioxidant activity. To understand the metabolism of these compounds, we performed a comprehensive pathway analysis using a metabolomics approach and analysis of associated gene expression. In secondary metabolism, the expression levels of carotenoid-related genes (15-cis-phytoene synthase and ζ-carotene desaturase) and chlorophyll-related genes (protochlorophyllide reductase and glutamyl-tRNA reductase) were consistent with the metabolome analysis data. Collectively, carotenoid and chlorophyll metabolism were upregulated in Chuichung peel and Mini flesh, which had the highest antioxidant activity in each part. These bioactive compounds can be used as biomarkers of commercial cucumber fruit quality. Accordingly, this study offers integrative insights into the quality of different cucumber cultivars and explores valuable metabolites and genes that are helpful in improving quality with functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Eun Jo
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su Young Son
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Choong Hwan Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute for Bioactive-Metabolome Network, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Choong Hwan Lee,
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Shi ZK, Gong XW, Zhao JY, Li MG, Han XL, Wen ML. Functional Characterization of a New Bifunctional Terpene Synthase LpNES1 from a Medicinal Plant Laggera pter odonta. J Oleo Sci 2021; 70:1641-1650. [PMID: 34645748 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Laggera pterodonta, known in China as 'Choulingdan' for its stimulous odor, has long been used as traditional herbal medicine. The essential oil of L. pterodonta, which exhibits various pharmacological activities, is a rich resource of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. To date, however, the terpene synthases responsible for their production remain unknown. In present study, a new terpene synthase gene (LpNES1) was identified from L. pterodonta, transcript level of which was significantly upregulated in response to methyl jasmonate treatment. Recombinant LpNES1 could synthesize (E)-nerolidol and minor β-farnesene from farnesyl diphosphate and linalool from geranyl diphosphate in vitro. Whereas, only sesquiterpenes including (E)-nerolidol and minor β-farnesene were released when LpNES1 was reconstituted in yeast, even coexpressed with a geranyl diphosphate synthase (ERG20WW). Combined with subcellular localization experiment, the result indicated that the cytosol-targeted LpNES1 was responsible for (E)-nerolidol biosynthesis exclusively in L. pterodonta. Additionally, the expression level of LpNES1 gene was more prominent in floral buds than that in other tissues. LpNES1 characterized in present study not only lays the molecular foundation for sesquiterpene biosynthesis of L. pterodonta, but provides a key element for further biosynthesis of bioactive compound in microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Ku Shi
- National Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University
| | - Xiao-Wei Gong
- National Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University.,R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd
| | - Jiang-Yuan Zhao
- National Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University
| | - Ming-Gang Li
- National Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University
| | - Xiu-Lin Han
- National Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University
| | - Meng-Liang Wen
- National Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University
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Lu S, Wang J, Zhuge Y, Zhang M, Liu C, Jia H, Fang J. Integrative Analyses of Metabolomes and Transcriptomes Provide Insights into Flavonoid Variation in Grape Berries. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:12354-12367. [PMID: 34632763 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids in grapes contribute the quality of the berry, but the flavonoid diversity and the regulatory networks underlying the variation require a further investigation. In this study, we integrated multi-omics data to systematically explore the global metabolic and transcriptional profiles in the skins and pulps of three grape cultivars. The results revealed large-scale differences involved in the flavonoid metabolic pathway. A total of 133 flavonoids, including flavone and flavone C-glycosides, were identified. Beyond the visible differences of anthocyanins, there was large variation in other sub-branched flavonoids, most of which were positively correlated with anthocyanins in grapes. The expressions of most flavonoid biosynthetic genes and the major regulators MYBA1 were strongly consistent with the changes in flavonoids. Integrative analysis identified two novel transcription factors (MYB24 and MADS5) and two ubiquitin proteins (RHA2) as promising regulatory candidates for flavonoid biosynthesis in grapes. Further verification in various grape accessions indicated that five major genes including flavonol 3'5'-hydroxylase (F3'5'H), UDP-glucose:flavonoid 3-O-glycosyl-transferase, anthocyanin O-methyltransferase, acyltransferase (3AT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST4) controlled flavonoid variation in grape berries. These findings provide valuable information for understanding the mechanism of flavonoid biosynthesis in grape berries and the further development of grape health products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwen Lu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiayang Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yaxian Zhuge
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mengwei Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chang Liu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Haifeng Jia
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jinggui Fang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Plant geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthases: every (gene) family has a story. ABIOTECH 2021; 2:289-298. [PMID: 36303884 PMCID: PMC9590577 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-021-00050-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Plant isoprenoids (also known as terpenes or terpenoids) are a wide family of primary and secondary metabolites with multiple functions. In particular, most photosynthesis-related isoprenoids (including carotenoids and chlorophylls) as well as diterpenes and polyterpenes derive from geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) produced by GGPP synthase (GGPPS) enzymes in several cell compartments. Plant genomes typically harbor multiple copies of differentially expressed genes encoding GGPPS-like proteins. While sequence comparisons allow to identify potential GGPPS candidates, experimental evidence is required to ascertain their enzymatic activity and biological function. Actually, functional analyses of the full set of potential GGPPS paralogs are only available for a handful of plant species. Here we review our current knowledge on the GGPPS families of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and the crop species rice (Oryza sativa), pepper (Capsicum annuum) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). The results indicate that a major determinant of the biological role of particular GGPPS paralogs is the expression profile of the corresponding genes even though specific interactions with other proteins (including GGPP-consuming enzymes) might also contribute to subfunctionalization. In some species, however, a single GGPPS isoforms appears to be responsible for the production of most if not all GGPP required for cell functions. Deciphering the mechanisms regulating GGPPS activity in particular cell compartments, tissues, organs and plant species will be very useful for future metabolic engineering approaches aimed to manipulate the accumulation of particular GGPP-derived products of interest without negatively impacting the levels of other isoprenoids required to sustain essential cell functions.
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Qin N, Gao Y, Cheng X, Yang Y, Wu J, Wang J, Li S, Xing G. Genome-wide identification of CLE gene family and their potential roles in bolting and fruit bearing in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:143. [PMID: 33740893 PMCID: PMC7980335 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02900-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Signal peptides are essential for plant growth and development. In plants, biological processes including cell-cell communication, cellular proliferation and differentiation, cellular determination of self-incompatibility, and defensive responses, all depend heavily on peptide-signaling networks such as CLE (CLAVATA3/Embryo surrounding region-related). The CLEs are indispensable in different periods of plant growth and development, especially in maintaining the balance between proliferation and differentiation of stem cells in various meristematic tissues. The working system of CLE genes in cucumber, an important economical vegetable (Cucumis sativus L.), has not been fully studied yet. The distributional patterns of chromosome-level genome assembly in cucumber provide a fundamental basis for a genome-wide comparative analysis of CLE genes in such plants. RESULTS A total of 26 individual CLE genes were identified in Chinese long '9930' cucumber, the majority of which belong to unstable short alkaline and hydrophilic peptides. A comparative analysis showed a close relationship in the development of CLE genes among Arabidopsis thaliana, melon, and cucumber. Half of the exon-intron structures of all CsCLEs genes are single-exon genes, and motif 1, a typical CLE domain near the C-terminal functioning in signal pathways, is found in all cucumber CLE proteins but CsCLE9. The analysis of CREs (Cis-Regulatory Elements) in the upstream region of the 26 cucumber CLE genes indicates a possible relationship between CsCLE genes and certain functions of hormone response elements. Cucumber resulted closely related to Arabidopsis and melon, having seven and 15 orthologous CLE genes in Arabidopsis and melon, respectively. Additionally, the calculative analysis of a pair of orthologous genes in cucumber showed that as a part of the evolutionary process, CLE genes are undergoing a positive selection process which leads to functional differentiation. The specific expression of these genes was vigorous at the growth and development period and tissues. Cucumber gene CLV3 was overexpressed in Arabidopsis, more than half of the transformed plants in T1 generation showed the phenomena of obvious weakness of the development of growing point, no bolting, and a decreased ability of plant growth. Only two bolted strains showed that either the pod did not develop or the pod was short, and its development was significantly inferior to that in the wild type. CONCLUSIONS In this study, 26 CLE genes were identified in Chinese long '9930' cucumber genome. The CLE genes were mainly composed of alkaline hydrophilic unstable proteins. The genes of the CLE family were divided into seven classes, and shared close relationships with their homologs in Arabidopsis and melon. The specific expression of these genes was evaluated in different periods of growth and tissue development, and CLV3, which the representative gene of the family, was overexpressed in Arabidopsis, suggesting that it has a role in bolting and fruit bearing in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Qin
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Yang Gao
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Xiaojing Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Jinyao Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Sen Li
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China.
| | - Guoming Xing
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China.
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Li W, Yan X, Zhang Y, Liang D, Caiyin Q, Qiao J. Characterization of trans-Nerolidol Synthase from Celastrus angulatus Maxim and Production of trans-Nerolidol in Engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:2236-2244. [PMID: 33586967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Volatile terpenoids are a large group of important secondary metabolites and possess many biological activities. The acyclic sesquiterpene trans-nerolidol is one of the typical representatives and widely used in cosmetics and agriculture. Here, the accumulation of volatile terpenes in different tissues of Celastrus angulatus was investigated, and two trans-nerolidol synthases, CaNES1 and CaNES2, were identified and characterized by in vitro enzymatic assays. Both genes are differentially transcribed in different tissues of C. angulatus. Next, we constructed a Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell factory to enable high-level production of trans-nerolidol. Glucose was the sole carbon source to sequentially control gene expression between the competitive squalene and trans-nerolidol pathways. Finally, the trans-nerolidol production of recombinant strain LWG003-CaNES2 was 7.01 g/L by fed-batch fermentation in a 5 L bioreactor. The results clarify volatile terpenoid biosynthesis in C. angulatus and provide a promising potential for industrial production of trans-nerolidol in S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Qinggele Caiyin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Qiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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Scossa F, Alseekh S, Fernie AR. Integrating multi-omics data for crop improvement. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 257:153352. [PMID: 33360148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Our agricultural systems are now in urgent need to secure food for a growing world population. To meet this challenge, we need a better characterization of plant genetic and phenotypic diversity. The combination of genomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics enables a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying the complex architecture of many phenotypic traits of agricultural relevance. We review the recent advances in plant genomics to see how these can be integrated with broad molecular profiling approaches to improve our understanding of plant phenotypic variation and inform crop breeding strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Scossa
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476, Potsdam, Golm, Germany; Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics (CREA-GB), 00178, Rome, Italy.
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476, Potsdam, Golm, Germany; Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology (CPSBB), Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476, Potsdam, Golm, Germany; Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology (CPSBB), Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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Zhao H, Li M, Zhao Y, Lin X, Liang H, Wei J, Wei W, Ma D, Zhou Z, Yang J. A Comparison of Two Monoterpenoid Synthases Reveals Molecular Mechanisms Associated With the Difference of Bioactive Monoterpenoids Between Amomum villosum and Amomum longiligulare. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:695551. [PMID: 34475877 PMCID: PMC8406774 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.695551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The fruits of Amomum villosum and Amomum longiligulare are both used medicinally as Fructus Amomi the famous traditional Chinese medicine, however, the medicinal quality of A. villosum is better than that of A. longiligulare. Volatile terpenoids in the seeds, especially bornyl acetate and borneol, are the medicinal components of Fructus Amomi. The volatile terpenoids and transcriptome of developing seeds of A. villosum and A. longiligulare were compared in this study. The result revealed that the bornyl acetate and borneol contents were higher in A. villosum than in A. longiligulare. Additionally, six terpenoid synthase genes (AlTPS1-AlTPS6) were screened from the transcriptome of A. longiligulare, and AlTPS2 and AlTPS3 were found to share 98 and 83% identity with AvTPS2 and AvBPPS (bornyl diphosphate synthase) from A. villosum, respectively. BPPS is the key enzyme for the biosynthesis of borneol and bornyl acetate. Biochemical assays improved that AlTPS2 had an identical function to AvTPS2 as linalool synthase; however, AlTPS3 produced camphene as the major product and bornyl diphosphate (BPP) as the secondary product, whereas AvBPPS produced BPP as its major product. There was only one different amino acid between AlTPS3 (A496) and AvBPPS (G495) in their conserved motifs, and the site-directed mutation of A496G in DTE motif of AlTPS3 changed the major product from camphene to BPP. Molecular docking suggests that A496G mutation narrows the camphene-binding pocket and decreases the BPP-binding energy, thus increases the product BPP selectivity of enzyme. In addition, the expression level of AvBPPS was significantly higher than that of AlTPS3 in seeds, which was consistent with the related-metabolites contents. This study provides insight into the TPS-related molecular bases for the biosynthesis and accumulation differences of the bioactive terpenoids between A. villosum and A. longiligulare. BPPS, the key gene involved in the biosynthesis of the active compound, was identified as a target gene that could be applied for the quality-related identification and breeding of Fructus Amomi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Li
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huilin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieshu Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Xinhua University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wuke Wei
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinfen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jinfen Yang,
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Gong C, Diao W, Zhu H, Umer MJ, Zhao S, He N, Lu X, Yuan P, Anees M, Yang D, Kaseb MO, Liu W. Metabolome and Transcriptome Integration Reveals Insights Into Flavor Formation of 'Crimson' Watermelon Flesh During Fruit Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:629361. [PMID: 34054886 PMCID: PMC8153042 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.629361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Metabolites have been reported as the main factor that influences the fruit flavor of watermelon. But the comprehensive study on the dynamics of metabolites during the development of watermelon fruit is not up-to-date. In this study, metabolome and transcriptome datasets of 'Crimson' watermelon fruit at four key developmental stages were generated. A total of 517 metabolites were detected by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-solid-phase microextraction-mass spectrometry. Meanwhile, by K-means clustering analysis, the total differentially expressed genes were clustered in six classes. Integrating transcriptome and metabolome data revealed similar expression trends of sugars and genes involved in the glycolytic pathway, providing molecular insights into the formation of taste during fruit development. Furthermore, through coexpression analysis, we identified five differentially expressed ADH (alcohol dehydrogenase) genes (Cla97C01G013600, Cla97C05G089700, Cla97C01G001290, Cla97C05G095170, and Cla97C06G118330), which were found to be closely related to C9 alcohols/aldehydes, providing information for the formation of fruit aroma. Our findings establish a metabolic profile during watermelon fruit development and provide insights into flavor formation.
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Zhang J, Feng S, Yuan J, Wang C, Lu T, Wang H, Yu C. The Formation of Fruit Quality in Cucumis sativus L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:729448. [PMID: 34630474 PMCID: PMC8495254 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.729448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Cucumber is one of the most widely grown vegetables in China and an indispensable fresh fruit in the diet. With the development of society, the demand of people for cucumber quality is higher and higher. Therefore, cultivating high-quality cucumber varieties is one of the main goals of cucumber breeding. With the rapid development of biotechnology such as molecular marker, cucumber quality control network is becoming clear. In this review, we describe the formation mechanism of cucumber fruit quality from three aspects: (1) the commercial quality of cucumber fruit, (2) nutritional quality formation, and (3) flavor quality of cucumber fruit. In addition, the determinants of cucumber fruit quality were summarized from two aspects of genetic regulation and cultivation methods in order to provide ideas for cucumber researchers and cultivators to improve fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juping Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengjun Feng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Developmental Biology, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Developmental Biology, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Lu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huasen Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Huasen Wang,
| | - Chao Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Chao Yu,
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48
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Dhandapani S, Kim MJ, Chin HJ, Leong SH, Jang IC. Identification and Functional Characterization of Tissue-Specific Terpene Synthases in Stevia rebaudiana. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228566. [PMID: 33202940 PMCID: PMC7696289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to the well-known diterpenoid steviol glycosides, Stevia rebaudiana (Stevia) produces many labdane-type diterpenoids and a wide range of mono- and sesquiterpenoids. However, biosynthesis of mono- and sesquiterpenoids in Stevia remains unknown. Here we analyzed the extracts of Stevia leaves, flowers, stems, and roots by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry and putatively identified a total of 69 volatile organic compounds, most of which were terpenoids with considerably varied quantities among the four tissues of Stevia. Using Stevia transcriptomes, we identified and functionally characterized five terpene synthases (TPSs) that produced major mono- and sesquiterpenoids in Stevia. Transcript levels of these Stevia TPSs and levels of corresponding terpenoids correlated well in Stevia tissues. Particularly, the root-specific SrTPS4 and SrTPS5 catalyzed the formation of γ-curcumene/zingiberene/β-sesquiphellandrene and α-longipinene/β-himachalene/himachalol as multifunctional sesqui-TPSs, respectively. Most of the SrTPSs were highly responsive to various environmental stresses in a tissue-specific manner. Taken together, our results provide new insights into how Stevia produces diverse terpenoids to confer differential responses to various environmental factors in each tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savitha Dhandapani
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore; (S.D.); (M.J.K.); (H.J.C.); (S.H.L.)
| | - Mi Jung Kim
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore; (S.D.); (M.J.K.); (H.J.C.); (S.H.L.)
| | - Hui Jun Chin
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore; (S.D.); (M.J.K.); (H.J.C.); (S.H.L.)
| | - Sing Hui Leong
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore; (S.D.); (M.J.K.); (H.J.C.); (S.H.L.)
| | - In-Cheol Jang
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore; (S.D.); (M.J.K.); (H.J.C.); (S.H.L.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Correspondence:
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Evolution of isoprenyl diphosphate synthase-like terpene synthases in fungi. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14944. [PMID: 32913319 PMCID: PMC7484799 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71219-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Terpene synthases (TPSs) and trans-isoprenyl diphosphate synthases (IDSs) are among the core enzymes for creating the enormous diversity of terpenoids. Despite having no sequence homology, TPSs and IDSs share a conserved “α terpenoid synthase fold” and a trinuclear metal cluster for catalysis, implying a common ancestry with TPSs hypothesized to evolve from IDSs anciently. Here we report on the identification and functional characterization of novel IDS-like TPSs (ILTPSs) in fungi that evolved from IDS relatively recently, indicating recurrent evolution of TPSs from IDSs. Through large-scale bioinformatic analyses of fungal IDSs, putative ILTPSs that belong to the geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGDPS) family of IDSs were identified in three species of Melampsora. Among the GGDPS family of the two Melampsora species experimentally characterized, one enzyme was verified to be bona fide GGDPS and all others were demonstrated to function as TPSs. Melampsora ILTPSs displayed kinetic parameters similar to those of classic TPSs. Key residues underlying the determination of GGDPS versus ILTPS activity and functional divergence of ILTPSs were identified. Phylogenetic analysis implies a recent origination of these ILTPSs from a GGDPS progenitor in fungi, after the split of Melampsora from other genera within the class of Pucciniomycetes. For the poplar leaf rust fungus Melampsora larici-populina, the transcripts of its ILTPS genes were detected in infected poplar leaves, suggesting possible involvement of these recently evolved ILTPS genes in the infection process. This study reveals the recurrent evolution of TPSs from IDSs since their ancient occurrence and points to the possibility of a wide distribution of ILTPS genes in three domains of life.
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Lv D, Wang G, Xiong LR, Sun JX, Chen Y, Guo CL, Yu Y, He HL, Cai R, Pan JS. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Lectin Receptor-Like Kinase Gene Family in Cucumber and Expression Profiling Analysis under Different Treatments. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11091032. [PMID: 32887423 PMCID: PMC7564967 DOI: 10.3390/genes11091032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lectin receptor-like kinases (LecRLKs) are a class of membrane proteins found in plants that are involved in diverse functions, including plant development and stress responses. Although LecRLK families have been identified in a variety of plants, a comprehensive analysis has not yet been undertaken in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). In this study, 46 putative LecRLK genes were identified in the cucumber genome, including 23 G-type and 22 L-type, and one C-type LecRLK gene. They were unequally distributed on all seven chromosomes, with a clustering tendency. Most of the genes in the cucumber LecRLK (CsLecRLK) gene family lacked introns. In addition, there were many regulatory elements associated with phytohormones and stress on these genes’ promoters. Transcriptome data demonstrated distinct expression patterns of CsLecRLK genes in various tissues. Furthermore, we found that each member of the CsLecRLK family had its own unique expression pattern under hormone and stress treatment by the quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. This study provides a better understanding of the character and function of the LecRLK gene family in cucumber and opens up the possibility to exploring the roles that LecRLKs might play in the life cycle of cucumber.
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