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Wang J, Singer SD, Chen G. Biotechnological advances in the production of unusual fatty acids in transgenic plants and recombinant microorganisms. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 76:108435. [PMID: 39214484 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Certain plants and microorganisms can produce high amounts of unusual fatty acids (UFAs) such as hydroxy, conjugated, cyclic, and very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, which have distinct physicochemical properties and significant applications in the food, feed, and oleochemical industries. Since many natural sources of UFAs are not ideal for large-scale agricultural production or fermentation, it is attractive to produce them through synthetic biology. Although several UFAs have been commercially or pre-commercially produced in transgenic plants and microorganisms, their contents in transgenic hosts are generally much lower than in natural sources. Moreover, reproducing this success for a wider spectrum of UFAs has remained challenging. This review discusses recent advancements in our understanding of the biosynthesis, accumulation, and heterologous production of UFAs, and addresses the challenges and potential strategies for achieving high UFA content in engineered plants and microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juli Wang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 116 St and 85 Ave, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Stacy D Singer
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Guanqun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 116 St and 85 Ave, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada.
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2
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Wang J, Haddis DZ, Xiao Q, Bressler DC, Chen G. Engineering Rhodosporidium toruloides for sustainable production of value-added punicic acid from glucose and wood residues. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 412:131422. [PMID: 39233183 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Rhodosporidium toruloides has emerged as a prominent candidate for producing single-cell oil from cost-effective feedstocks. In this study, the capability of R. toruloides to produce punicic acid (PuA), a representative plant unusual fatty acid, was investigated. The introduction of acyl lipid desaturase and conjugase (PgFADX) allowed R. toruloides to accumulate 3.7 % of total fatty acids as PuA. Delta-12 acyl lipid desaturase (PgFAD2) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 were shown to benefit PuA production. The strain with PgFADX and PgFAD2 coexpression accumulated 12 % of its lipids as PuA from glucose, which translated into a PuA titer of 451.6 mg/L in shake flask condition. Utilizing wood hydrolysate as the feedstock, this strain produced 6.4 % PuA with a titer of 310 mg/L. Taken together, the results demonstrated that R. toruloides could serve as an ideal platform for the production of plant-derived high-value conjugated fatty acid using agricultural and forestry waste as feedstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juli Wang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Dagem Z Haddis
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Qiong Xiao
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - David C Bressler
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Guanqun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada.
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3
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Cai Y, Liang Y, Shi H, Cui J, Prakash S, Zhang J, Anaokar S, Chai J, Schwender J, Lu C, Yu XH, Shanklin J. Creating yellow seed Camelina sativa with enhanced oil accumulation by CRISPR-mediated disruption of Transparent Testa 8. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024. [PMID: 38859598 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Camelina (Camelina sativa L.), a hexaploid member of the Brassicaceae family, is an emerging oilseed crop being developed to meet the increasing demand for plant oils as biofuel feedstocks. In other Brassicas, high oil content can be associated with a yellow seed phenotype, which is unknown for camelina. We sought to create yellow seed camelina using CRISPR/Cas9 technology to disrupt its Transparent Testa 8 (TT8) transcription factor genes and to evaluate the resulting seed phenotype. We identified three TT8 genes, one in each of the three camelina subgenomes, and obtained independent CsTT8 lines containing frameshift edits. Disruption of TT8 caused seed coat colour to change from brown to yellow reflecting their reduced flavonoid accumulation of up to 44%, and the loss of a well-organized seed coat mucilage layer. Transcriptomic analysis of CsTT8-edited seeds revealed significantly increased expression of the lipid-related transcription factors LEC1, LEC2, FUS3, and WRI1 and their downstream fatty acid synthesis-related targets. These changes caused metabolic remodelling with increased fatty acid synthesis rates and corresponding increases in total fatty acid (TFA) accumulation from 32.4% to as high as 38.0% of seed weight, and TAG yield by more than 21% without significant changes in starch or protein levels compared to parental line. These data highlight the effectiveness of CRISPR in creating novel enhanced-oil germplasm in camelina. The resulting lines may directly contribute to future net-zero carbon energy production or be combined with other traits to produce desired lipid-derived bioproducts at high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanheng Cai
- Department of Biology, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Yuanxue Liang
- Department of Biology, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Hai Shi
- Department of Biology, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Jodie Cui
- Department of Biology, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Shreyas Prakash
- Department of Biology, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Jianhui Zhang
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Sanket Anaokar
- Department of Biology, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Jin Chai
- Department of Biology, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Jorg Schwender
- Department of Biology, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Chaofu Lu
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Xiao-Hong Yu
- Department of Biology, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - John Shanklin
- Department of Biology, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
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4
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Abdullah HM, Pang N, Chilcoat B, Shachar-Hill Y, Schnell DJ, Dhankher OP. Overexpression of the Phosphatidylcholine:DiacylglycerolCholinephosphotransferase (PDCT) gene increases carbon flux toward triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis in Camelinasativa seeds. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108470. [PMID: 38422576 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Camelinasativa has considerable promise as a dedicated industrial oilseed crop. Its oil-based blends have been tested and approved as liquid transportation fuels. Previously, we utilized metabolomic and transcriptomic profiling approaches and identified metabolic bottlenecks that control oil production and accumulation in seeds. Accordingly, we selected candidate genes for the metabolic engineering of Camelina. Here we targeted the overexpression of Camelina PDCT gene, which encodes the phosphatidylcholine: diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase enzyme. PDCT is proposed as a gatekeeper responsible for the interconversions of diacylglycerol (DAG) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) pools and has the potential to increase the levels of TAG in seeds. To confirm whether increased CsPDCT activity in developing Camelina seeds would enhance carbon flux toward increased levels of TAG and alter oil composition, we overexpressed the CsPDCT gene under the control of the seed-specific phaseolin promoter. Camelina transgenics exhibited significant increases in seed yield (19-56%), seed oil content (9-13%), oil yields per plant (32-76%), and altered polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content compared to their parental wild-type (WT) plants. Results from [14C] acetate labeling of Camelina developing embryos expressing CsPDCT in culture indicated increased rates of radiolabeled fatty acid incorporation into glycerolipids (up to 64%, 59%, and 43% higher in TAG, DAG, and PC, respectively), relative to WT embryos. We conclude that overexpression of PDCT appears to be a positive strategy to achieve a synergistic effect on the flux through the TAG synthesis pathway, thereby further increasing oil yields in Camelina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham M Abdullah
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, 01003, USA; Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA; Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11651, Egypt.
| | - Na Pang
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Benjamin Chilcoat
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Yair Shachar-Hill
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Danny J Schnell
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Om Parkash Dhankher
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
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Shockey J, Parchuri P, Thyssen GN, Bates PD. Assessing the biotechnological potential of cotton type-1 and type-2 diacylglycerol acyltransferases in transgenic systems. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 196:940-951. [PMID: 36889233 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The chemical and physical properties of vegetable oils are largely dictated by the ratios of 4-6 common fatty acids contained within each oil. However, examples of plant species that accumulate from trace amounts to >90% of certain unusual fatty acids in seed triacylglycerols have been reported. Many of the general enzymatic reactions that drive both common and unusual fatty acid biosynthesis and accumulation in stored lipids are known, but which isozymes have evolved to specifically fill this role and how they coordinate in vivo is still poorly understood. Cotton (Gossypium sp.) is the very rare example of a commodity oilseed that produces biologically relevant amounts of unusual fatty acids in its seeds and other organs. In this case, unusual cyclopropyl fatty acids (named after the cyclopropane and cyclopropene moieties within the fatty acids) are found in membrane and storage glycerolipids (e.g. seed oils). Such fatty acids are useful in the synthesis of lubricants, coatings, and other types of valuable industrial feedstocks. To characterize the role of cotton acyltransferases in cyclopropyl fatty acid accumulation for bioengineering applications, we cloned and characterized type-1 and type-2 diacylglycerol acyltransferases from cotton and compared their biochemical properties to that of litchi (Litchi chinensis), another cyclopropyl fatty acid-producing plant. The results presented from transgenic microbes and plants indicate both cotton DGAT1 and DGAT2 isozymes efficiently utilize cyclopropyl fatty acid-containing substrates, which helps to alleviate biosynthetic bottlenecks and enhances total cyclopropyl fatty acid accumulation in the seed oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Shockey
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA, USA, 70124.
| | - Prasad Parchuri
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA, 99164
| | - Gregory N Thyssen
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA, USA, 70124
| | - Philip D Bates
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA, 99164
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Cai Y, Yu XH, Shanklin J. A toolkit for plant lipid engineering: Surveying the efficacies of lipogenic factors for accumulating specialty lipids. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1064176. [PMID: 36589075 PMCID: PMC9795026 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1064176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce energy-dense lipids from carbohydrates using energy acquired via photosynthesis, making plant oils an economically and sustainably attractive feedstock for conversion to biofuels and value-added bioproducts. A growing number of strategies have been developed and optimized in model plants, oilseed crops and high-biomass crops to enhance the accumulation of storage lipids (mostly triacylglycerols, TAGs) for bioenergy applications and to produce specialty lipids with increased uses and value for chemical feedstock and nutritional applications. Most successful metabolic engineering strategies involve heterologous expression of lipogenic factors that outperform those from other sources or exhibit specialized functionality. In this review, we summarize recent progress in engineering the accumulation of triacylglycerols containing - specialized fatty acids in various plant species and tissues. We also provide an inventory of specific lipogenic factors (including accession numbers) derived from a wide variety of organisms, along with their reported efficacy in supporting the accumulation of desired lipids. A review of previously obtained results serves as a foundation to guide future efforts to optimize combinations of factors to achieve further enhancements to the production and accumulation of desired lipids in a variety of plant tissues and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqi Cai
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States
| | - Xiao-Hong Yu
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - John Shanklin
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States
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7
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Gao H, Gao Y, Zhang F, Liu B, Ji C, Xue J, Yuan L, Li R. Functional characterization of an novel acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 3-3 (CsDGAT3-3) gene from Camelina sativa. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 303:110752. [PMID: 33487340 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGAT) catalyze the final committed step of de novo biosynthesis of triacylglycerol (TAG) in plant seeds. This study was to functionally characterize DGAT3 genes in Camelina sativa, an important oil crops accumulating high levels of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) in seeds. Three camelina DGAT3 genes (CsDGAT3-1, CsDGAT3-2 and CsDGAT3-3) were identified, and the encoded proteins were predicted to be cytosolic-soluble proteins present as a homodimer containing the 2Fe-2S domain. They had divergent expression patterns in various tissues, suggesting that they may function in tissue-specific manner with CsDGAT3-1 in roots, CsDGAT3-2 in flowers and young seedlings, and CsDGAT3-3 in developing seeds. Functional complementation assay in yeast demonstrated that CsDGAT3-3 restored TAG synthesis. TAG content and UFAs, particularly eicosenoic acid (EA, 20:1n-9) were largely increased by adding exogenous UFAs in the yeast medium. Further heterogeneously transient expression in N. benthamiana leaves and seed-specific expression in tobacco seeds indicated that CsDGAT3-3 significantly enhanced oil and UFA accumulation with much higher level of EA. Overall, CsDGAT3-3 exhibited a strong abilty catalyzing TAG synthesis and high substrate preference for UFAs, especially for 20:1n-9. The present data provide new insights for further understanding oil biosynthesis mechanism in camelina seeds, indicating that CsDGAT3-3 may have practical applications for increasing both oil yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Gao
- Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Baoling Liu
- Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Chunli Ji
- Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Jinai Xue
- Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China.
| | - Lixia Yuan
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China.
| | - Runzhi Li
- Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China.
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8
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Chen GQ, Kim WN, Johnson K, Park ME, Lee KR, Kim HU. Transcriptome Analysis and Identification of Lipid Genes in Physaria lindheimeri, a Genetic Resource for Hydroxy Fatty Acids in Seed Oil. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020514. [PMID: 33419225 PMCID: PMC7825617 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs) have numerous industrial applications but are absent in most vegetable oils. Physaria lindheimeri accumulating 85% HFA in its seed oil makes it a valuable resource for engineering oilseed crops for HFA production. To discover lipid genes involved in HFA synthesis in P. lindheimeri, transcripts from developing seeds at various stages, as well as leaf and flower buds, were sequenced. Ninety-seven percent clean reads from 552,614,582 raw reads were assembled to 129,633 contigs (or transcripts) which represented 85,948 unique genes. Gene Ontology analysis indicated that 60% of the contigs matched proteins involved in biological process, cellular component or molecular function, while the remaining matched unknown proteins. We identified 42 P. lindheimeri genes involved in fatty acid and seed oil biosynthesis, and 39 of them shared 78-100% nucleotide identity with Arabidopsis orthologs. We manually annotated 16 key genes and 14 of them contained full-length protein sequences, indicating high coverage of clean reads to the assembled contigs. A detailed profiling of the 16 genes revealed various spatial and temporal expression patterns. The further comparison of their protein sequences uncovered amino acids conserved among HFA-producing species, but these varied among non-HFA-producing species. Our findings provide essential information for basic and applied research on HFA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Q. Chen
- Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA;
- Correspondence: (G.Q.C.); (H.U.K.)
| | - Won Nyeong Kim
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea;
| | - Kumiko Johnson
- Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA;
| | - Mid-Eum Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea;
| | - Kyeong-Ryeol Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54974, Korea;
| | - Hyun Uk Kim
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea;
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea;
- Correspondence: (G.Q.C.); (H.U.K.)
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9
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Transcriptome analyses reveals the dynamic nature of oil accumulation during seed development of Plukenetia volubilis L. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20467. [PMID: 33235240 PMCID: PMC7686490 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77177-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) is a shrub native to Amazon rainforests that’s of commercial interest as its seeds contain 35–60% edible oil (dry weight). This oil is one of the healthiest vegetable oils due to its high polyunsaturated fatty acid content and favourable ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids. De novo transcriptome assembly and comparative analyses were performed on sacha inchi seeds from five stages of seed development in order to identifying genes associated with oil accumulation and fatty acid production. Of 30,189 unigenes that could be annotated in public databases, 20,446 were differentially expressed unigenes. A total of 14 KEGG pathways related to lipid metabolism were found, and 86 unigenes encoding enzymes involved in α-linolenic acid (ALA) biosynthesis were obtained including five unigenes encoding FATA (Unigene0008403), SAD (Unigene0012943), DHLAT (Unigene0014324), α-CT (Unigene0022151) and KAS II (Unigene0024371) that were significantly up-regulated in the final stage of seed development. A total of 66 unigenes encoding key enzymes involved in the synthesis of triacylglycerols (TAGs) were found, along with seven unigenes encoding PDCT (Unigene0000909), LPCAT (Unigene0007846), Oleosin3 (Unigene0010027), PDAT1 (Unigene0016056), GPDH (Unigene0022660), FAD2 (Unigene0037808) and FAD3 (Unigene0044238); these also proved to be up-regulated in the final stage of seed development.
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10
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Han L, Usher S, Sandgrind S, Hassall K, Sayanova O, Michaelson LV, Haslam RP, Napier JA. High level accumulation of EPA and DHA in field-grown transgenic Camelina - a multi-territory evaluation of TAG accumulation and heterogeneity. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:2280-2291. [PMID: 32304615 PMCID: PMC7589388 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The transgene-directed accumulation of non-native omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the seed oil of Camelina sativa (Camelina) was evaluated in the field, in distinct geographical and regulatory locations. A construct, DHA2015.1, containing an optimal combination of biosynthetic genes, was selected for experimental field release in the UK, USA and Canada, and the accumulation of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) determined. The occurrence of these fatty acids in different triacylglycerol species was monitored and found to follow a broad trend irrespective of the agricultural environment. This is a clear demonstration of the stability and robust nature of the transgenic trait for omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in Camelina. Examination of non-seed tissues for the unintended accumulation of EPA and DHA failed to identify their presence in leaf, stem, flower, anther or capsule shell material, confirming the seed-specific accumulation of these novel fatty acids. Collectively, these data confirm the promise of GM plant-based sources of so-called omega-3 fish oils as a sustainable replacement for oceanically derived oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Han
- Department of Plant SciencesRothamsted ResearchHarpendenHertsUK
| | - Sarah Usher
- Department of Plant SciencesRothamsted ResearchHarpendenHertsUK
| | - Sjur Sandgrind
- Department of Plant SciencesRothamsted ResearchHarpendenHertsUK
- Present address:
Department of Plant BreedingSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesAlnarpSweden
| | - Kirsty Hassall
- Department of Plant SciencesRothamsted ResearchHarpendenHertsUK
| | - Olga Sayanova
- Department of Plant SciencesRothamsted ResearchHarpendenHertsUK
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11
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Correa SM, Fernie AR, Nikoloski Z, Brotman Y. Towards model-driven characterization and manipulation of plant lipid metabolism. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 80:101051. [PMID: 32640289 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant lipids have versatile applications and provide essential fatty acids in human diet. Therefore, there has been a growing interest to better characterize the genetic basis, regulatory networks, and metabolic pathways that shape lipid quantity and composition. Addressing these issues is challenging due to context-specificity of lipid metabolism integrating environmental, developmental, and tissue-specific cues. Here we systematically review the known metabolic pathways and regulatory interactions that modulate the levels of storage lipids in oilseeds. We argue that the current understanding of lipid metabolism provides the basis for its study in the context of genome-wide plant metabolic networks with the help of approaches from constraint-based modeling and metabolic flux analysis. The focus is on providing a comprehensive summary of the state-of-the-art of modeling plant lipid metabolic pathways, which we then contrast with the existing modeling efforts in yeast and microalgae. We then point out the gaps in knowledge of lipid metabolism, and enumerate the recent advances of using genome-wide association and quantitative trait loci mapping studies to unravel the genetic regulations of lipid metabolism. Finally, we offer a perspective on how advances in the constraint-based modeling framework can propel further characterization of plant lipid metabolism and its rational manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Correa
- Genetics of Metabolic Traits Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam 14476, Germany; Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501 Beer-Sheva, Israel; Departamento de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Central Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam 14476, Germany; Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Zoran Nikoloski
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Systems Biology and Mathematical Modelling Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany.
| | - Yariv Brotman
- Genetics of Metabolic Traits Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam 14476, Germany; Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501 Beer-Sheva, Israel
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12
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Okada S, Taylor M, Zhou XR, Naim F, Marshall D, Blanksby SJ, Singh SP, Wood CC. Producing Cyclopropane Fatty Acid in Plant Leafy Biomass via Expression of Bacterial and Plant Cyclopropane Fatty Acid Synthases. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:30. [PMID: 32117373 PMCID: PMC7020751 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Saturated mid-chain branched fatty acids (SMCBFAs) are widely used in the petrochemical industry for their high oxidative stability and low melting temperature. Dihydrosterculic acid (DHSA) is a cyclopropane fatty acid (CPA) that can be converted to SMCBFA via hydrogenation, and therefore oils rich in DHSA are a potential feedstock for SMCBFA. Recent attempts to produce DHSA in seed oil by recombinant expression of cyclopropane fatty acid synthases (CPFASes) resulted in decreased oil content and poor germination or low DHSA accumulation. Here we explored the potential for plant vegetative tissue to produce DHSA by transiently expressing CPFAS enzymes in leaf. When CPFASes from plant and bacterial origin were transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf, it accumulated up to 1 and 3.7% DHSA in total fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), respectively, which increased up to 4.8 and 11.8%, respectively, when the N. benthamiana endogenous oleoyl desaturase was silenced using RNA interference (RNAi). Bacterial CPFAS expression produced a novel fatty acid with a cyclopropane ring and two carbon-carbon double bonds, which was not seen with plant CPFAS expression. We also observed a small but significant additive effect on DHSA accumulation when both plant and bacterial CPFASes were co-expressed, possibly due to activity upon different oleoyl substrates within the plant cell. Lipidomics analyses found that CPFAS expression increased triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation relative to controls and that DHSA was distributed across a range of lipid species, including diacylglycerol and galactolipids. DHSA and the novel CPA were present in phosphatidylethanolamine when bacterial CPFAS was expressed in leaf. Finally, when plant diacylglycerol acyltransferase was coexpressed with the CPFASes DHSA accumulated up to 15% in TAG. This study shows that leaves can readily produce and accumulate DHSA in leaf oil. Our findings are discussed in line with current knowledge in leaf oil production for a possible route to DHSA production in vegetative tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Okada
- CSIRO Land and Water, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Xue-Rong Zhou
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Fatima Naim
- Center for Crop Disease Management, Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - David Marshall
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stephen J. Blanksby
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Craig C. Wood
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Yuan L, Li R. Metabolic Engineering a Model Oilseed Camelina sativa for the Sustainable Production of High-Value Designed Oils. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:11. [PMID: 32117362 PMCID: PMC7028685 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz is an important Brassicaceae oil crop with a number of excellent agronomic traits including low water and fertilizer input, strong adaptation and resistance. Furthermore, its short life cycle and easy genetic transformation, combined with available data of genome and other "-omics" have enabled camelina as a model oil plant to study lipid metabolism regulation and genetic improvement. Particularly, camelina is capable of rapid metabolic engineering to synthesize and accumulate high levels of unusual fatty acids and modified oils in seeds, which are more stable and environmentally friendly. Such engineered camelina oils have been increasingly used as the super resource for edible oil, health-promoting food and medicine, biofuel oil and high-valued chemical production. In this review, we mainly highlight the latest advance in metabolic engineering towards the predictive manipulation of metabolism for commercial production of desirable bio-based products using camelina as an ideal platform. Moreover, we deeply analysis camelina seed metabolic engineering strategy and its promising achievements by describing the metabolic assembly of biosynthesis pathways for acetyl glycerides, hydroxylated fatty acids, medium-chain fatty acids, ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, palmitoleic acid (ω-7) and other high-value oils. Future prospects are discussed, with a focus on the cutting-edge techniques in camelina such as genome editing application, fine directed manipulation of metabolism and future outlook for camelina industry development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Yuan
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Runzhi Li
- Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
- *Correspondence: Runzhi Li,
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