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Zhang H, Zhang K, Zhao X, Bi M, Liu Y, Wang S, He Y, Ma K, Qi M. Galactinol synthase 2 influences the metabolism of chlorophyll, carotenoids, and ethylene in tomato fruits. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:3337-3350. [PMID: 38486362 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Galactinol synthase (GolS), which catalyses the synthesis of galactinol, is the first critical enzyme in the biosynthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) and contributes to plant growth and development, and resistance mechanisms. However, its role in fruit development remains largely unknown. In this study, we used CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) to create the gols2 mutant showing uniformly green fruits without dark-green shoulders, and promoting fruit ripening. Analysis indicated that galactinol was undetectable in the ovaries and fruits of the mutant, and the accumulation of chlorophyll and chloroplast development was suppressed in the fruits. RNA-sequencing analysis showed that genes related to chlorophyll accumulation and chloroplast development were down-regulated, including PROTOCHLOROPHYLLIDE OXIDOREDUCTASE, GOLDEN 2-LIKE 2, and CHLOROPHYLL A/B-BINDING PROTEINS. In addition, early color transformation and ethylene release was prompted in the gols2 lines by regulation of the expression of genes involved in carotenoid and ethylene metabolism (e.g. PHYTOENE SYNTHASE 1, CAROTENE CIS-TRANS ISOMERASE, and 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID SYNTHASE2/4) and fruit ripening (e.g. RIPENING INHIBITOR, NON-RIPENING, and APETALA2a). Our results provide evidence for the involvement of GolS2 in pigment and ethylene metabolism of tomato fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
| | - Kunpeng Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
| | - Xueya Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
| | - Mengxi Bi
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
| | | | - Shuo Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi He
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
| | - Kui Ma
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, China
| | - Mingfang Qi
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
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2
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Huang X, Liu Y, Jia Y, Ji L, Luo X, Tian S, Chen T. FERONIA homologs in stress responses of horticultural plants: current knowledge and missing links. STRESS BIOLOGY 2024; 4:28. [PMID: 38847988 PMCID: PMC11161445 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-024-00161-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Owing to its versatile roles in almost all aspects of plants, FERONIA (FER), a receptor-like kinase of the Catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinase 1-like (CrRLK1L) subfamily, has received extensive research interests during the past decades. Accumulating evidence has been emerged that FER homologs in horticultural crops also play crucial roles in reproductive biology and responses to environmental stimuli (abiotic and biotic stress factors). Here, we provide a review for the latest advances in the studies on FER homologs in modulating stress responses in horticultural crops, and further analyze the underlying mechanisms maintained by FER. Moreover, we also envisage the missing links in current work and provide a perspective for future studies on this star protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuhan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanhong Jia
- Vegetable Research Institute, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Lizhu Ji
- Vegetable Research Institute, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Xiaomin Luo
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Shiping Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
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3
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Liu J, Li W, Wu G, Ali K. An update on evolutionary, structural, and functional studies of receptor-like kinases in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1305599. [PMID: 38362444 PMCID: PMC10868138 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1305599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
All living organisms must develop mechanisms to cope with and adapt to new environments. The transition of plants from aquatic to terrestrial environment provided new opportunities for them to exploit additional resources but made them vulnerable to harsh and ever-changing conditions. As such, the transmembrane receptor-like kinases (RLKs) have been extensively duplicated and expanded in land plants, increasing the number of RLKs in the advanced angiosperms, thus becoming one of the largest protein families in eukaryotes. The basic structure of the RLKs consists of a variable extracellular domain (ECD), a transmembrane domain (TM), and a conserved kinase domain (KD). Their variable ECDs can perceive various kinds of ligands that activate the conserved KD through a series of auto- and trans-phosphorylation events, allowing the KDs to keep the conserved kinase activities as a molecular switch that stabilizes their intracellular signaling cascades, possibly maintaining cellular homeostasis as their advantages in different environmental conditions. The RLK signaling mechanisms may require a coreceptor and other interactors, which ultimately leads to the control of various functions of growth and development, fertilization, and immunity. Therefore, the identification of new signaling mechanisms might offer a unique insight into the regulatory mechanism of RLKs in plant development and adaptations. Here, we give an overview update of recent advances in RLKs and their signaling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guang Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Khawar Ali
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
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4
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Kang Y, Qin H, Wang G, Lei B, Yang X, Zhong M. Selenium Nanoparticles Mitigate Cadmium Stress in Tomato through Enhanced Accumulation and Transport of Sulfate/Selenite and Polyamines. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:1473-1486. [PMID: 38214288 PMCID: PMC10811693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Accumulation of cadmium (Cd) ions in soil is an increasingly acute ecological problem in agriculture production. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) can mediate Cd tolerance in plants; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, we show that the foliar application of SeNPs improved the adaptive capacity of tomato plants to decrease Cd-induced damage. SeNPs induced more Cd in roots but not in shoots despite greater accumulation of selenium and sulfur in both tissues and high selenate influx. Additionally, SeNPs significantly increased thiol compounds, including glutathione, cysteine, and phytochelatins, contributing to enhanced Cd detoxification. Importantly, SeNPs induced the expression of sulfate transporters 1:3, S-adenosylmethionine 1 and polyamine transporter 3. Then, experiments with mutants of these genes showed that SeNP-reduced Cd stress largely relies on the levels and shoot-to-root transport of selenium/sulfur and polyamines. These findings highlight the potential of SeNPs to improve crop production and phytoremediation in heavy metal-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyan Kang
- College
of Horticulture, South China Agricultural
University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
| | - Hongyi Qin
- College
of Horticulture, South China Agricultural
University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
| | - Guohu Wang
- College
of Horticulture, South China Agricultural
University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
| | - Bingfu Lei
- Key
Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education,
Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Optical
Agriculture, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
| | - Xian Yang
- College
of Horticulture, South China Agricultural
University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhong
- College
of Horticulture, South China Agricultural
University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
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5
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Ji D, Liu W, Cui X, Liu K, Liu Y, Huang X, Li B, Qin G, Chen T, Tian S. A receptor-like kinase SlFERL mediates immune responses of tomato to Botrytis cinerea by recognizing BcPG1 and fine-tuning MAPK signaling. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:1189-1201. [PMID: 37596704 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
FERONIA (FER) is a receptor-like kinase showing versatile functions during plant growth, development, and responses to environmental stimuli. However, its functions during the interaction between fruit and necrotrophic fungal pathogens are still unclear. Combining reverse genetic approaches, physiological assays, co-immunoprecipitation, protein phosphorylation identification, and site-directed mutagenesis, we reported a tomato FER homolog SlFERL (Solanum lycopersicum FERONIA Like) involved in the immune responses to Botrytis cinerea invasion. The results indicated that SlFERL extracellular domain recognized and interacted with the secreted virulence protein BcPG1 from B. cinerea, further revealed that SlFERL triggered downstream signaling by phosphorylating SlMAP3K18 at Thr45, Ser49, Ser76, and Ser135. Moreover, we verified that SlMAP2K2 and SlMAP2K4 synergistically contributed to immune response of tomato to B. cinerea, in which SlFERL-SlMAP3K18 module substantially modulated protein level and/or kinase activity of SlMAP2K2/SlMAP2K4. These findings reveal a new pattern-triggered immune pathway, indicating that SlFERL participates in the immune responses to B. cinerea invasion via recognizing BcPG1 and fine-tuning MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongchao Ji
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xiaomin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yuhan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xinhua Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Boqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Guozheng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Shiping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
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6
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Ma W, Du J, Yu X, Chen K, Ming Y, Jiang L, Chen T, Ji D. Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of Catharanthus roseus Receptor-like Kinase 1-like Proteins in Eggplant. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3379. [PMID: 37836119 PMCID: PMC10574150 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
As an important member of the plant receptor-like kinases, Catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinase 1-like (CrRLK1L) plays vital roles in plant growth and development, as well as biotic and abiotic stress response. Numerous CrRLK1Ls have been identified and analyzed in various plant species, while our knowledge about eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) CrRLK1Ls is still scarce. Utilizing state-of-the-art genomic data, we conducted the first genome-wide identification and analysis of CrRLK1L proteins in eggplant. In this study, 32 CrRLK1L proteins were identified and analyzed in eggplant. A subsequent gene structure and protein domain analysis showed that the identified eggplant CrRLK1Ls possessed typical features of CrRLK1Ls. A subcellular localization prediction demonstrated that these proteins mostly localized on the plasma membrane. A collinearity analysis showed that some eggplant CrRLK1L genes had predicted intraspecies or interspecies evolutionary duplication events. Promoter analysis suggests that eggplant CrRLK1Ls may be involved in plant hormone signaling, host-pathogen interactions, and environmental responses. Based on transcriptomic gene expression analysis, it is indicated that eggplant CrRLK1Ls may be involved in the resistance response of eggplant to Botrytis cinerea. Together, these results will give us a theoretical foundation and guidance for elaborating the biological functions of CrRLK1Ls in eggplant growth, development, and resistance response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Ma
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Juan Du
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Xinlong Yu
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Yucheng Ming
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Libo Jiang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Dongchao Ji
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
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7
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Ming Y, Jiang L, Ji D. Epigenetic regulation in tomato fruit ripening. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1269090. [PMID: 37780524 PMCID: PMC10539587 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1269090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Fruit ripening is a crucial stage in quality development, influenced by a diverse array of internal and external factors. Among these factors, epigenetic regulation holds significant importance and has garnered substantial research attention in recent years. Here, this review aims to discuss the breakthrough in epigenetic regulation of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit ripening, including DNA methylation, N6-Methyladenosine mRNA modification, histone demethylation/deacetylation, and non-coding RNA. Through this brief review, we seek to enhance our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms governing tomato fruit ripening, while providing fresh insights for the precise modulation of these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Libo Jiang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Dongchao Ji
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
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8
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Cell Wall Integrity Signaling in Fruit Ripening. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044054. [PMID: 36835462 PMCID: PMC9961072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant cell walls are essential structures for plant growth and development as well as plant adaptation to environmental stresses. Thus, plants have evolved signaling mechanisms to monitor the changes in the cell wall structure, triggering compensatory changes to sustain cell wall integrity (CWI). CWI signaling can be initiated in response to environmental and developmental signals. However, while environmental stress-associated CWI signaling has been extensively studied and reviewed, less attention has been paid to CWI signaling in relation to plant growth and development under normal conditions. Fleshy fruit development and ripening is a unique process in which dramatic alternations occur in cell wall architecture. Emerging evidence suggests that CWI signaling plays a pivotal role in fruit ripening. In this review, we summarize and discuss the CWI signaling in relation to fruit ripening, which will include cell wall fragment signaling, calcium signaling, and NO signaling, as well as Receptor-Like Protein Kinase (RLKs) signaling with an emphasis on the signaling of FERONIA and THESEUS, two members of RLKs that may act as potential CWI sensors in the modulation of hormonal signal origination and transduction in fruit development and ripening.
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9
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Ma W, Liu X, Chen K, Yu X, Ji D. Genome-Wide Re-Identification and Analysis of CrRLK1Ls in Tomato. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043142. [PMID: 36834555 PMCID: PMC9959574 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinase 1-like (CrRLK1L), which is a vital member of the plant receptor-like kinase family, plays versatile roles in plant growth, development, and stress response. Although the primary screening of tomato CrRLK1Ls has been reported previously, our knowledge of these proteins is still scarce. Using the latest genomic data annotations, a genome-wide re-identification and analysis of the CrRLK1Ls in tomatoes were conducted. In this study, 24 CrRLK1L members were identified in tomatoes and researched further. Subsequent gene structures, protein domains, Western blot analyses, and subcellular localization analyses all confirmed the accuracy of the newly identified SlCrRLK1L members. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the identified SlCrRLK1L proteins had homologs in Arabidopsis. Evolutionary analysis indicated that two pairs of the SlCrRLK1L genes had predicted segmental duplication events. Expression profiling analyses demonstrated that the SlCrRLK1L genes were expressed in various tissues, and most of them were up- or down-regulated by bacteria and PAMP treatments. Together, these results will lay the foundation for elaborating the biological roles of SlCrRLK1Ls in tomato growth, development, and stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Ma
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Xinlong Yu
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Dongchao Ji
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence:
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10
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Duan Z, Liu W, Li K, Duan W, Zhu S, Xing J, Chen T, Luo X. Regulation of immune complex formation and signalling by FERONIA, a busy goddess in plant-microbe interactions. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:1695-1700. [PMID: 35951729 PMCID: PMC9562586 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Being sessile in soil, plant cells rely on cell-surface receptors to sense and transduce environmental stimulus signals into intracellular responses. FERONIA (FER), a Catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinase 1-like protein, has emerged as a versatile regulator of plant growth, development, and stress responses. In recent years, accumulating studies have witnessed rapid advances in dissecting the mechanisms underlying the interaction between FER and its partners in response to pathogen invasion, particularly regulation of immune complex formation and signalling. Moreover, hormonal signalling, rhizosphere microbiota and other constituents are also extensively involved in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikun Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Kaiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Wenwen Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Shengwei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Plant PhysiologyInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jingjing Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Tong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiaomin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Plant PhysiologyInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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11
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Xing M, Li H, Liu G, Zhu B, Zhu H, Grierson D, Luo Y, Fu D. A MADS-box transcription factor, SlMADS1, interacts with SlMACROCALYX to regulate tomato sepal growth. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 322:111366. [PMID: 35779674 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In flowering plants, sepals play important roles in the development of flowers and fruit, and both processes are regulated by MADS-box (MADS) transcription factors (TFs). SlMADS1 was previously reported to act as a negative regulator of fruit ripening. In this study, expression analysis shown that its transcripts were very highly expressed during the development of sepals. To test the role of SlMADS1, we generated KO-SlMADS1 (knock-out) tomato mutants by CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated protein 9) technology and over-expression of SlMADS1 (OE-SlMADS1). The sepals and individual cells of KO-SlMADS1 mutants were significantly elongated, compared with the wild type (WT), whereas the sepals of OE-SlMADS1 tomatoes were significantly shorter and their cells were wider. RNA-seq (RNA-sequencing) of sepal samples showed that ethylene-, gibberellin-, auxin-, cytokinin- and cell wall metabolism-related genes were significantly affected in both KO-SlMADS1 and OE-SlMADS1 plants with altered sepal size. Since SlMACROCALYX (MC) is known to regulate the development of tomato sepals, we also studied the relationship between SlMC and SlMADS1 and the result showed that SlMADS1 interacts directly with SlMC. In addition, we also found that manipulating SlMADS1 expression alters the development of tomato plant leaves, roots and plant height. These results enrich our understanding of sepal development and the function of SlMADS1 throughout the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Xing
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Gangshuai Liu
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Benzhong Zhu
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hongliang Zhu
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Donald Grierson
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China; Plant Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD UK
| | - Yunbo Luo
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Daqi Fu
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Solanum lycopersicum, a Model Plant for the Studies in Developmental Biology, Stress Biology and Food Science. Foods 2022; 11:foods11162402. [PMID: 36010400 PMCID: PMC9407197 DOI: 10.3390/foods11162402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruits, vegetables and other plant-derived foods contribute important ingredients for human diets, and are thus favored by consumers worldwide. Among these horticultural crops, tomato belongs to the Solanaceae family, ranks only secondary to potato (S. tuberosum L.) in yields and is widely cultivated for fresh fruit and processed foods owing to its abundant nutritional constituents (including vitamins, dietary fibers, antioxidants and pigments). Aside from its important economic and nutritional values, tomato is also well received as a model species for the studies on many fundamental biological events, including regulations on flowering, shoot apical meristem maintenance, fruit ripening, as well as responses to abiotic and biotic stresses (such as light, salinity, temperature and various pathogens). Moreover, tomato also provides abundant health-promoting secondary metabolites (flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids, etc.), making it an excellent source and experimental system for investigating nutrient biosynthesis and availability in food science. Here, we summarize some latest results on these aspects, which may provide some references for further investigations on developmental biology, stress signaling and food science.
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Xie Y, Sun P, Li Z, Zhang F, You C, Zhang Z. FERONIA Receptor Kinase Integrates with Hormone Signaling to Regulate Plant Growth, Development, and Responses to Environmental Stimuli. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073730. [PMID: 35409090 PMCID: PMC8998941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant hormones are critical chemicals that participate in almost all aspects of plant life by triggering cellular response cascades. FERONIA is one of the most well studied members in the subfamily of Catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinase1-like (CrRLK1Ls) hormones. It has been proved to be involved in many different processes with the discovery of its ligands, interacting partners, and downstream signaling components. A growing body of evidence shows that FERONIA serves as a hub to integrate inter- and intracellular signals in response to internal and external cues. Here, we summarize the recent advances of FERONIA in regulating plant growth, development, and immunity through interactions with multiple plant hormone signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China; (Y.X.); (P.S.); (Z.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Ping Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China; (Y.X.); (P.S.); (Z.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Zhaoyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China; (Y.X.); (P.S.); (Z.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Fujun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China; (Y.X.); (P.S.); (Z.L.); (F.Z.)
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Chunxiang You
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China; (Y.X.); (P.S.); (Z.L.); (F.Z.)
- Correspondence: (C.Y.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhenlu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China; (Y.X.); (P.S.); (Z.L.); (F.Z.)
- Correspondence: (C.Y.); (Z.Z.)
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14
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Choi HG, Park DY, Kang NJ. The Fruit Proteome Response to the Ripening Stages in Three Tomato Genotypes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11040553. [PMID: 35214885 PMCID: PMC8877657 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The tomato is a horticultural crop that appears in various colors as it ripens. Differences in the proteome expression abundance of a tomato depend on its genotype and ripening stage. Thus, this study aimed to confirm the differences in changes in the proteome according to four ripening stages (green, breaker, turning, and mature) of three tomato genotypes, i.e., yellow, black, and red tomatoes, using a gel-based proteomic technique. The number of protein spots shown as two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) gels differed according to tomato genotype and ripening stage. A total of 286 variant proteins were determined using matrix-assisted laser desorption-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) analysis, confirming 233 identified protein functions. In three tomato genotypes in each ripening stage, grouping according to the Munich Information Center for Protein Sequences (MIPS) functional categories confirmed the variant proteins involved in the following: energy processes (21%); metabolism (20%); protein fate (15%); protein synthesis (10%); a protein with a binding function or cofactor requirement (8%); cell rescue, defense, and virulence (8%); cellular transport, transport facilitation, and transport routes (6%); the biogenesis of cellular components (5%); cell cycle and DNA processing (2%); others (5%). Among the identified protein spots in the function category, two proteins related to metabolism, four related to energy, four related to protein synthesis, and two related to interaction with the cellular environment showed significantly different changes according to the fruit color by the ripening stage. This study reveals the physiological changes in different types of tomatoes according to their ripening stage and provides information on the proteome for further improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Gil Choi
- Department of Horticulture, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea;
| | - Dong-Young Park
- Department of Horticulture, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Nam-Jun Kang
- Institute of Agriculture & Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Kou X, Feng Y, Yuan S, Zhao X, Wu C, Wang C, Xue Z. Different regulatory mechanisms of plant hormones in the ripening of climacteric and non-climacteric fruits: a review. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:477-497. [PMID: 34633626 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01199-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This review contains the regulatory mechanisms of plant hormones in the ripening process of climacteric and non-climacteric fruits, interactions between plant hormones and future research directions. The fruit ripening process involves physiological and biochemical changes such as pigment accumulation, softening, aroma and flavor formation. There is a great difference in the ripening process between climacteric fruits and non-climacteric fruits. The ripening of these two types of fruits is affected by endogenous signals and exogenous environments. Endogenous signaling plant hormones play an important regulatory role in fruit ripening. This paper systematically reviews recent progress in the regulation of plant hormones in fruit ripening, including ethylene, abscisic acid, auxin, jasmonic acid (JA), gibberellin, brassinosteroid (BR), salicylic acid (SA) and melatonin. The role of plant hormones in both climacteric and non-climacteric fruits is discussed, with emphasis on the interaction between ethylene and other adjustment factors. Specifically, the research progress and future research directions of JA, SA and BR in fruit ripening are discussed, and the regulatory network between JA and other signaling molecules remains to be further revealed. This study is meant to expand the understanding of the importance of plant hormones, clarify the hormonal regulation network and provide a basis for targeted manipulation of fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Kou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Caie Wu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohui Xue
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.
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Zhu S, Fu Q, Xu F, Zheng H, Yu F. New paradigms in cell adaptation: decades of discoveries on the CrRLK1L receptor kinase signalling network. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:1168-1183. [PMID: 34424552 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-like kinases (RLKs), which constitute the largest receptor family in plants, are essential for perceiving and relaying information about various environmental stimuli. Tremendous progress has been made in the past few decades towards elucidating the mechanisms of action of several RLKs, with emerging paradigms pointing to their roles in cell adaptations. Among these paradigms, Catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinase 1-like (CrRLK1L) proteins and their rapid alkalinization factor (RALF) peptide ligands have attracted much interest. In particular, FERONIA (FER) is a CrRLK1L protein that participates in a wide array of physiological processes associated with RALF signalling, including cell growth and monitoring cell wall integrity, RNA and energy metabolism, and phytohormone and stress responses. Here, we analyse FER in the context of CrRLK1L members and their ligands in multiple species. The FER working model raises many questions about the role of CrRLK1L signalling networks during cell adaptation. For example, how do CrRLK1Ls recognize various RALF peptides from different organisms to initiate specific phosphorylation signal cascades? How do RALF-FER complexes achieve their specific, sometimes opposite, functions in different cell types? Here, we summarize recent major findings and highlight future perspectives in the field of CrRLK1L signalling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Qiong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Fan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Heping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Feng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Centre, Changsha, 410125, China
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