1
|
Wang T, Zheng S, Ke F, Zhang S, Xiao J, Sun X, Zhang S, Zhang L, Gong J. Cytological and metabolomic analysis of Citrus fruit to elucidate puffing disorder. Food Chem 2024; 459:140356. [PMID: 38981384 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Puffiness, a physiological disorder commonly observed during the ripening and post-harvest processes of fruits in Citrus reticulata, significantly affects the quality and shelf-life of citrus fruits. The complex array of factors contributing to puffiness has obscured the current understanding of its mechanistic basis. This study examined the puffing index (PI) of 12 citrus varieties at full ripeness, focusing on the albedo layer as a crucial tissue, and investigated the correlation between cellular structural characteristics, key primary metabolites and PI. The findings revealed that the cell gap difference and the number of lipid droplets were closely linked to PI. Chlorogenic acid, Ferulic acid, D-Galacturonic acid, D-Glucuronic acid, (9Z,11E)-Octadecadienoic acid, and 9(10)-EpOME were identified as pivotal primary metabolites for rind puffing. Determination of lignin, protopectin, cellulose and lipoxygenase content further validated the relationship between cell wall, lipid metabolism and rind puffing. This study furnishes novel insights into the mechanisms underlying puffing disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuqi Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fuzhi Ke
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Citrus Research Institute, Taizhou, 318026, China
| | - Shiyi Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinping Xiao
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of horticulture, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Xuepeng Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuning Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lanlan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jinli Gong
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hocq L, Habrylo O, Sénéchal F, Voxeur A, Pau-Roblot C, Safran J, Fournet F, Bassard S, Battu V, Demailly H, Tovar JC, Pilard S, Marcelo P, Savary BJ, Mercadante D, Njo MF, Beeckman T, Boudaoud A, Gutierrez L, Pelloux J, Lefebvre V. Mutation of AtPME2, a pH-Dependent Pectin Methylesterase, Affects Cell Wall Structure and Hypocotyl Elongation. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:301-318. [PMID: 38190549 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Pectin methylesterases (PMEs) modify homogalacturonan's chemistry and play a key role in regulating primary cell wall mechanical properties. Here, we report on Arabidopsis AtPME2, which we found to be highly expressed during lateral root emergence and dark-grown hypocotyl elongation. We showed that dark-grown hypocotyl elongation was reduced in knock-out mutant lines as compared to the control. The latter was related to the decreased total PME activity as well as increased stiffness of the cell wall in the apical part of the hypocotyl. To relate phenotypic analyses to the biochemical specificity of the enzyme, we produced the mature active enzyme using heterologous expression in Pichia pastoris and characterized it through the use of a generic plant PME antiserum. AtPME2 is more active at neutral compared to acidic pH, on pectins with a degree of 55-70% methylesterification. We further showed that the mode of action of AtPME2 can vary according to pH, from high processivity (at pH8) to low processivity (at pH5), and relate these observations to the differences in electrostatic potential of the protein. Our study brings insights into how the pH-dependent regulation by PME activity could affect the pectin structure and associated cell wall mechanical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine Hocq
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro-BIOPI Plant Biology and Innovation, University of Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, Amiens 80039, France
| | - Olivier Habrylo
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro-BIOPI Plant Biology and Innovation, University of Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, Amiens 80039, France
| | - Fabien Sénéchal
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro-BIOPI Plant Biology and Innovation, University of Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, Amiens 80039, France
| | - Aline Voxeur
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro-BIOPI Plant Biology and Innovation, University of Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, Amiens 80039, France
| | - Corinne Pau-Roblot
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro-BIOPI Plant Biology and Innovation, University of Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, Amiens 80039, France
| | - Josip Safran
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro-BIOPI Plant Biology and Innovation, University of Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, Amiens 80039, France
| | - Françoise Fournet
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro-BIOPI Plant Biology and Innovation, University of Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, Amiens 80039, France
| | - Solène Bassard
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro-BIOPI Plant Biology and Innovation, University of Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, Amiens 80039, France
| | - Virginie Battu
- Plant Reproduction and Development Laboratory, ENS de Lyon UMR 5667, BP 7000, Lyon cedex 07 69342, France
| | - Hervé Demailly
- Molecular Biology Platform (CRRBM), University of Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, Amiens 80039, France
| | - José C Tovar
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, PO Box 600, Jonesboro, AR 72467, USA
| | - Serge Pilard
- Analytical Platform (PFA), University of Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, Amiens 80039, France
| | - Paulo Marcelo
- Cellular imaging and protein analysis platform (ICAP), University of Picardie, Avenue Laënnec,CHU Sud, CURS, Amiens cedex 1 80054, France
| | - Brett J Savary
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, PO Box 600, Jonesboro, AR 72467, USA
| | - Davide Mercadante
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Maria Fransiska Njo
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Tom Beeckman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Arezki Boudaoud
- Hydrodynamics Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique, Route de Saclay, Palaiseau 91128, France
| | - Laurent Gutierrez
- Molecular Biology Platform (CRRBM), University of Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, Amiens 80039, France
| | - Jérôme Pelloux
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro-BIOPI Plant Biology and Innovation, University of Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, Amiens 80039, France
| | - Valérie Lefebvre
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro-BIOPI Plant Biology and Innovation, University of Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, Amiens 80039, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen HH, Shyu YT, Wu SJ. Physicochemical characteristics and retardation effects on in vitro starch digestibility of non-starch polysaccharides in jelly-fig (Ficus pumila L. var. awkeotsang). Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
|
4
|
Li J, Wu Z, Zhu Z, Xu L, Wu B, Li J. Botrytis cinerea mediated cell wall degradation accelerates spike stalk browning in Munage grape. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14271. [PMID: 35715997 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Munage grape (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Munage.) is a unique cultivar in southern Xinjiang, China. Spike stalk browning in this species has becomes more common in recent years, negatively impacting the shelf life, and causing severe economic losses during storage. This study investigated the changes in metabolisms of cell wall by Botrytis cinerea infection in association with spike stalk browning. Morphological and physiological observations showed that preharvest B. cinerea infection accelerates the spike stalk browning during storage in Munage grapes by promoting cell wall degradation. Accordingly, the cell structures in infected spike stalk showed severe collapse, while the cell structures in uninfected spike stalk remained relatively complete. Furthermore, the contents of CDTA-soluble pectin (CSP), Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP), cellulose, and hemicellulose were reduced, while the water-soluble pectin (WSP) content was increased during infection. In addition, the activities of polygalacturonase (PG), pectin methylesterase (PME), beta-galactosidase (β-Gal), and cellulase (Cx) were highly promoted by B. cinerea. Correspondingly, the expression levels of VvPG were markedly upregulated after inoculation and played a major role in cell wall degradation. Additionally, the spike stalk inoculated by B. cinerea showed higher activities of PPO and POD, and content of total phenolics. These results contribute to elucidating the relationship between cell wall degradation induced by B. cinerea during spike stalk browning and provide a basis for future research on improving the ability of the host cell wall to resist degrading enzymes. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Botrytis cinerea is the main fungal pathogen causing the gray mold of grapes. It usually enters the tissue early in crop development, has a long incubation period, and rapidly infects the tissue when the environment is favorable and the host physiology changes. Gray mold has been reported as one of the major postharvest diseases of grapes. However, there are relatively few reports on the pathways through which B. cinerea causes the browning of grape stalks. Controlling browning caused by B. cinerea may require clarification of the physiological and molecular mechanisms by which browning occurs. The elucidation of the role of B. cinerea in causing browning of grape stalks through the cell wall degradation pathway will help to provide scientific basis for further controlling browning, maintaining freshness of stalks, developing biological agents to prevent browning, improving grape quality, and extending storage period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghong Wu
- Institute of Agro-products Storage and Processing, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoshuai Zhu
- Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Xu
- College of Food and Pharmacology, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wu
- Institute of Agro-products Storage and Processing, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Li
- College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jelly Fig (Ficus awkeotsang Makino) Exhibits Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Activities by Regulating Reactive Oxygen Species Production via NFκB Signaling Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050981. [PMID: 35624846 PMCID: PMC9138086 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Ficus awkeotsang Makino extract (FAE) on Hs68 fibroblasts and BALB/c nude-mouse models are evaluated in this study. FAE was found to be non-toxic and showed high levels of DPPH, H2O2, and hydroxyl radical scavenging abilities; a ferrous chelating capacity; as well as ferric-reducing antioxidant capability. The antioxidant activity of FAE was strongly associated with polyphenolic content (flavonoids at 10.3 mg QE g−1 and total phenol at 107.6 mg GAE g−1). The anti-inflammatory activity of FAE and the underlying molecular mechanisms were also investigated. The a* value of the mouse dorsal skin after treatment with FAE at 1.5 mg/mL in addition to chronic UVB exposure was found to decrease by 19.2% during a ten-week period. The anti-inflammatory effect of FAE was evidenced by the decreased accumulation of inflammatory cells and skin thickness. Expression levels of UVB-induced inflammatory proteins, including ROS, NF-κB, iNOS, COX-2, and IL-6, were significantly reduced upon FAE treatment in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our results suggest that the inhibition of ROS and UVB-induced activation of the NF-κB downstream signaling pathway by FAE, indicating considerable potential as a versatile adjuvant against free radical damage in pharmaceutical applications.
Collapse
|
6
|
Evaluation of jelly fig polysaccharide as a shell composite ingredient of colon-specific drug delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
7
|
Zhang WW, Zhao SQ, Zhang LC, Xing Y, Jia WS. Changes in the cell wall during fruit development and ripening in Fragaria vesca. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 154:54-65. [PMID: 32526611 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Although fruit expansion during ripening has been extensively studied, the structural and metabolic mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we report the critical roles of cell separation and cell wall metabolism in the coordinated regulation of fruit expansion in Fragaria vesca. Anatomical observations indicated that a syndrome of cell separation occurred from the very earliest stage of fruit set. Cell separation led to an increase in apoplastic space, and the time course of this increase coincided with the period of fruit development and ripening. Moreover, massive cellulose disassembly occurred when cells were fully separated, which coincided with the expansion of cell and fruit volume. Consistent with the anatomical observations, both histochemistry and composition analysis indicated correlations between cell separation and the cell wall metabolism. These observations suggest that cell separation, cell elongation and cell wall disassembly occur simultaneously during fruit ripening in Fragaria vesca.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, China
| | - Shuai-Qi Zhao
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, China
| | - Ling-Chao Zhang
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, China
| | - Yu Xing
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, China.
| | - Wen-Suo Jia
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ponrasu T, Yang RF, Chou TH, Wu JJ, Cheng YS. Core-Shell Encapsulation of Lipophilic Substance in Jelly Fig (Ficus awkeotsang Makino) Polysaccharides Using an Inexpensive Acrylic-Based Millifluidic Device. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 191:360-375. [PMID: 31879860 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03209-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The polysaccharides extracted from the achenes of jelly fig, Ficus awkeotsang Makino, were mainly composed of low methyl pectin and used as a novel shell material for encapsulating lipophilic bioactives in the core of microcapsule. The polysaccharide microcapsules with oil core were prepared using a novel acrylic-based millifluidic device developed in this study. To investigate the physiochemical properties of and find the suitable formula of polysaccharide shells, the films casted with jelly fig polysaccharide were thoroughly characterized. For the preparation of microcapsules, the millifluidic device was optimized by controlling the flow rate to obtain uniform spherical shape with a core diameter of 1.4-1.9 mm and the outer diameter of 2.1-2.8 mm. The encapsulation efficiency was around 90%, and the microcapsules displayed a clear boundary between the polysaccharide shell and oil core. Encapsulation of curcumin in the microcapsules was prepared to test the applicability of the device and processes developed in this study, and the results showed that the microencapsulation could enhance the stability of curcumin against external environment. Overall, the results suggested that the jelly fig polysaccharides and the developed millifluidic device can be useful for the preparation of core-shell microcapsules for encapsulation of lipophilic bioactives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thangavel Ponrasu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Fang Yang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Han Chou
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Jiuan Wu
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shen Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Win NM, Yoo J, Kwon SI, Watkins CB, Kang IK. Characterization of Fruit Quality Attributes and Cell Wall Metabolism in 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP)-Treated 'Summer King' and 'Green Ball' Apples During Cold Storage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1513. [PMID: 31824539 PMCID: PMC6882424 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate whether 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment delays the fruit softening mechanism associated with the fruit quality of the newly released apple cultivars "Summer King" and "Green Ball" during cold storage. For both cultivars, the fruit treated with 1-MCP exhibited lower internal ethylene concentration, higher firmness, and higher titratable acidity relative to the control fruit, in association with less fruit softening. In addition, the treated fruit significantly delayed fresh weight loss and reduction of soluble solids content, especially in "Green Ball." Moreover, slower degradation of cell wall components (water-soluble pectin, sodium carbonate-soluble pectin, hemicellulose, and cellulose) was also observed in the treated fruit in comparison to the control fruit. Similarly, the enzymatic activities (of polygalacturonase, pectin methylesterase, cellulase, β-galactosidase, and α-L-arabinofuranosidase) that cause cell wall degradation were relatively lower in the treated fruit than in the control fruit for both cultivars, which was further proved by transcriptional analysis of the genes encoding the enzymes. Overall, the results suggested that the usage of 1-MCP is useful to delay fruit softening of the two cultivars during cold storage by delaying the degradation of cell wall components and enzymatic activities of cell wall hydrolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nay Myo Win
- Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jingi Yoo
- Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Soon-Il Kwon
- Apple Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Gunwi, South Korea
| | - Christopher B. Watkins
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Horticulture Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - In-Kyu Kang
- Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Changes in Metabolisms of Antioxidant and Cell Wall in Three Pummelo Cultivars during Postharvest Storage. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9080319. [PMID: 31366134 PMCID: PMC6723824 DOI: 10.3390/biom9080319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The juice sacs of pummelo fruit is susceptible to softening during storage at 25 °C, which causes quality deterioration and flavor loss during postharvest pummelo storage. This study investigated the changes in metabolisms of antioxidant and cell wall in juice sacs of three pummelo cultivars—Hongroumiyou (HR), Bairoumiyou (BR) and Huangroumiyou (HuR)—during postharvest storage. The results revealed that, with the extension of storage, the juice sacs of three pummelo cultivars exhibited a decrease in total antioxidant capacity (TAC), DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity; a decline in total phenols (TP) content and an increase firstly then a decrease in total ascorbic acid (TAA) content; and a decrease in lipoxygenase (LOX) activity and a rise initially, but a decline in activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). Additionally, increased water-soluble pectin (WSP), but declined propectin, ionic-soluble pectin (ISP) and chelator-soluble pectin (CSP); as well as an increase from 0 d to 60 d then followed by a decline in activities of pectinesterase (PE), polygalacturonase (PG) and pectate lyase (PL) were observed. These results suggested that the metabolisms of antioxidant and cell wall could result in softening and senescence of pummelo fruit.
Collapse
|
11
|
He Y, Li J, Ban Q, Han S, Rao J. Role of Brassinosteroids in Persimmon ( Diospyros kaki L.) Fruit Ripening. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:2637-2644. [PMID: 29509414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b06117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are phytohormones that regulate numerous processes including fruit ripening. In this study, persimmon ( Diospyros kaki L.) fruits were treated with 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) or brassinazole (Brz, a BR biosynthesis inhibitor) and then stored at ambient temperature. The results show that endogenous BR contents gradually increased during persimmon fruit ripening. EBR treatment significantly increased both the content of water-soluble pectin and the activities of polygalacturonase, pectate lyase, and endo-1,4-beta-glucanase but significantly reduced the content of acid-soluble pectin and cellulose, resulting in rapid fruit softening. The EBR treatment also promoted ethylene production and respiration rate. In contrast, Brz treatment delayed persimmon fruit ripening. qRT-PCR analysis showed that DkPG1, DkPL1, DkPE2, DkEGase1, DkACO2, DkACS1, and DkACS2 were up-regulated (especially a 38-fold increase in DkEGase1) in the fruit of the EBR-treated group. These results suggest that BRs are involved in persimmon fruit ripening by influencing cell-wall-degrading enzymes and ethylene biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiheng He
- College of Horticulture , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Jiaying Li
- College of Horticulture , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , China
| | - Qiuyan Ban
- College of Horticulture , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , China
| | - Shoukun Han
- College of Horticulture , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , China
| | - Jingping Rao
- College of Horticulture , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sarkar I. Monitoring thermo-reversible dehydration of the pluronic microenvironment using 4-chloro-1-naphthol as an ESPT fluorescent molecular probe. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj03354c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An ESPT fluorescent molecular probe, 4-chloro-1-naphthol, has been employed to study the thermo-reversible sol–gel transition, dehydration and micro-polarity of pluronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai – 600 036
- India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bain A, Tzeng HY, Wu WJ, Chou LS. Ficus (Moraceae) and fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) in Taiwan. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2015; 56:11. [PMID: 28510820 PMCID: PMC5432906 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-015-0090-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Although Ficus-associated wasp fauna have been extensively researched in Australasia, information on these fauna in Taiwan is not well accessible to scientists worldwide. In this study, we compiled records on the Ficus flora of Taiwan and its associated wasp fauna. Initial agronomic research reports on Ficus were published in Japanese in 1917, followed by reports on applied biochemistry, taxonomy, and phenology in Chinese. On the basis of the phenological knowledge of 15 species of the Ficus flora of Taiwan, recent research has examined the pollinating and nonpollinating agaonid and chalcid wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Updating records according to the current nomenclature revealed that there are 30 taxa (27 species) of native or naturalized Ficus with an unusually high proportion of dioecious species (78%). Four species were observed to exhibit mutualism with more than one pollinating wasp species, and 18 of the 27 Ficus species were reported with nonpollinating wasp species. The number of nonpollinating wasp species associated with specific Ficus species ranges from zero (F. pumila) to 24 (F. microcarpa). Approximately half of the Taiwanese fig tree species have been studied with basic information on phenology and biology described in peer-reviewed journals or theses. This review provides a solid basis for future in-depth comparative studies. This summary of knowledge will encourage and facilitate continuing research on the pollination dynamics of Ficus and the associated insect fauna in Taiwan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Bain
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd.,, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
- Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive CEFE, UMR 5175 CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier, 34293 France
| | - Hsy-Yu Tzeng
- Department of Forestry, National Chung-Hsing University, 250 Kuokwang Road, Taichung, 40227 Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jer Wu
- Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd.,, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
| | - Lien-Siang Chou
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd.,, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kent LM, Loo TS, Melton LD, Mercadante D, Williams MAK, Jameson GB. Structure and Properties of a Non-processive, Salt-requiring, and Acidophilic Pectin Methylesterase from Aspergillus niger Provide Insights into the Key Determinants of Processivity Control. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:1289-306. [PMID: 26567911 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.673152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many pectin methylesterases (PMEs) are expressed in plants to modify plant cell-wall pectins for various physiological roles. These pectins are also attacked by PMEs from phytopathogens and phytophagous insects. The de-methylesterification by PMEs of the O6-methyl ester groups of the homogalacturonan component of pectin, exposing galacturonic acids, can occur processively or non-processively, respectively, describing sequential versus single de-methylesterification events occurring before enzyme-substrate dissociation. The high resolution x-ray structures of a PME from Aspergillus niger in deglycosylated and Asn-linked N-acetylglucosamine-stub forms reveal a 10⅔-turn parallel β-helix (similar to but with less extensive loops than bacterial, plant, and insect PMEs). Capillary electrophoresis shows that this PME is non-processive, halophilic, and acidophilic. Molecular dynamics simulations and electrostatic potential calculations reveal very different behavior and properties compared with processive PMEs. Specifically, uncorrelated rotations are observed about the glycosidic bonds of a partially de-methyl-esterified decasaccharide model substrate, in sharp contrast to the correlated rotations of processive PMEs, and the substrate-binding groove is negatively not positively charged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Kent
- From Riddet Institute and Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Trevor S Loo
- From Riddet Institute and Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Laurence D Melton
- From Riddet Institute and School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Davide Mercadante
- From Riddet Institute and Molecular Biomechanics Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Schloss-Wolfsbrunnenweg, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany, and
| | - Martin A K Williams
- From Riddet Institute and Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand, MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Geoffrey B Jameson
- From Riddet Institute and Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand, MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Deng J, Shi Z, Li X, Liu H. Effects of cold storage and 1-methylcyclopropene treatments on ripening and cell wall degrading in rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei) fruit. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2014; 20:287-98. [PMID: 23751545 DOI: 10.1177/1082013213483611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The effect of postharvest 1-methylcyclopropene and/or cold storage application on texture quality parameters during storage was determined. The changes in fruit quality (including weight loss, firmness, total soluble solids content, and ethylene production), cell wall material (including water-soluble fraction, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-soluble fraction, Na2CO3-soluble fraction, 4% KOH-soluble fraction, and 14% KOH-soluble fraction), and cell wall hydrolase activities (including polygalacturonase, endo-1,4-beta-D-glucanase, pectinesterase, alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase, and beta-galactosidase) were periodically measured up to 25 days after postharvest treatments. The application of cold storage reduced weight loss, ethylene production, and delayed ripening of blueberry fruit. The inhibition of senescence was associated with suppressed increase in cell wall hydrolase activities and retarded solubilization of pectins and hemicelluloses. Furthermore, no obvious differences in firmness, weight loss, ethylene production, and cell wall hydrolase activities between fruits with or without 1-methylcyclopropene application were observed, while significant lower levels of the detected parameters were found in cold storage fruit compared with fruit stored in room temperature. Thus, cold storage can be viewed as an effective means to extend the shelf life of blueberry fruit.
Collapse
|
16
|
Sénéchal F, Wattier C, Rustérucci C, Pelloux J. Homogalacturonan-modifying enzymes: structure, expression, and roles in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:5125-60. [PMID: 25056773 PMCID: PMC4400535 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the changes affecting the plant cell wall is a key element in addressing its functional role in plant growth and in the response to stress. Pectins, which are the main constituents of the primary cell wall in dicot species, play a central role in the control of cellular adhesion and thereby of the rheological properties of the wall. This is likely to be a major determinant of plant growth. How the discrete changes in pectin structure are mediated is thus a key issue in our understanding of plant development and plant responses to changes in the environment. In particular, understanding the remodelling of homogalacturonan (HG), the most abundant pectic polymer, by specific enzymes is a current challenge in addressing its fundamental role. HG, a polymer that can be methylesterified or acetylated, can be modified by HGMEs (HG-modifying enzymes) which all belong to large multigenic families in all species sequenced to date. In particular, both the degrees of substitution (methylesterification and/or acetylation) and polymerization can be controlled by specific enzymes such as pectin methylesterases (PMEs), pectin acetylesterases (PAEs), polygalacturonases (PGs), or pectate lyases-like (PLLs). Major advances in the biochemical and functional characterization of these enzymes have been made over the last 10 years. This review aims to provide a comprehensive, up to date summary of the recent data concerning the structure, regulation, and function of these fascinating enzymes in plant development and in response to biotic stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Sénéchal
- EA3900 BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 Rue St Leu, F-80039 Amiens, France
| | - Christopher Wattier
- EA3900 BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 Rue St Leu, F-80039 Amiens, France
| | - Christine Rustérucci
- EA3900 BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 Rue St Leu, F-80039 Amiens, France
| | - Jérôme Pelloux
- EA3900 BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 Rue St Leu, F-80039 Amiens, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kim Y, Williams MA, Tzen JT, Luzio GA, Galant AL, Cameron RG. Characterization of charged functional domains introduced into a modified pectic homogalacturonan by an acidic plant pectin methylesterase (Ficus awkeotsang Makino) and modeling of enzyme mode of action. Food Hydrocoll 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2014.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
18
|
Karakuş E, Pekyardımcı Ş. Comparison of Covalent and Noncovalent Immobilization of Malatya Apricot Pectinesterase (Prunus armeniacaL.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 40:132-41. [DOI: 10.3109/10731199.2011.611471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
19
|
Pectin methylesterase and its proteinaceous inhibitor: a review. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:2583-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
20
|
Leite KMDSC, Assis SAD, Tadiotti AC, Oliveira OMMF. Evaluation of guava during different phases of the industrial processing. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2009; 60 Suppl 7:81-8. [DOI: 10.1080/09637480802541298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
21
|
Hsiao ESL, Chen JCF, Tsai HY, Khoo KH, Chen ST, Tzen JTC. Determination of N-glycosylation site and glycan structures of pectin methylesterase in jelly fig (Ficus awkeotsang) Achenes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:6757-6763. [PMID: 19594159 DOI: 10.1021/jf9011278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Pectin methylesterase (PME) in jelly fig (Ficus awkeotsang) achenes is an N-glycosylated enzyme responsible for the gelation of jelly curd. A recombinant jelly fig PME was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and confirmed by immunodetection and LC-nanoESI-MS/MS analysis. To identify the N-glycosylation site, native PME and its deglycosylated and recombinant forms, which lacked glycan, were purified and subjected to comparative MALDI-MS mapping of the corresponding tryptic fragments. The results showed that N-glycosylation occurred at Asn(153) of the mature jelly fig PME, the only glycosylation site predicted by its sequence analysis. The major N-glycans released from the native PME by PNGase F were identified by MS/MS analyses as xylosylated, noncore fucosylated pauci-mannose, and complex-type structures. Molecular modeling of the 3D structure of jelly fig PME indicated that the N-glycan was putatively attached to the back region of the active site of this enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric S L Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Immobilization of apricot pectinesterase (Prunus armeniaca L.) on porous glass beads and its characterization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2008.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
23
|
Chua ACN, Jiang PL, Shi LS, Chou WM, Tzen JTC. Characterization of oil bodies in jelly fig achenes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2008; 46:525-532. [PMID: 18434174 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2008.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Thin-layer chromatography analysis revealed that the contents stored in oil bodies isolated from jelly fig (Ficus awkeotsang Makino) achenes were mainly neutral lipids (>90% triacylglycerols and approximately 5% diacylglycerols). Fatty acids released from the neutral lipids of achene oil bodies were highly unsaturated (62.65% alpha-linolenic acid, 18.24% linoleic acid, and 10.62% oleic acid). The integrity of isolated oil bodies was presumably maintained via electronegative repulsion and steric hindrance provided by their surface proteins. Immunological cross-recognition using antibodies against sesame oil-body proteins indicated that two oleosin isoforms and one caleosin were present in these oil bodies. MALDI-MS analyses confirmed that the three full-length cDNA fragments obtained by PCR cloning from maturing achenes encoded the two jelly fig oleosin isoforms and one caleosin identified by immunological screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna C N Chua
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Effect of temperature and pressure on the combined action of purified tomato pectinmethylesterase and polygalacturonase in presence of pectin. Enzyme Microb Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
25
|
Delgado-Reyes F, Fernández-Romero JM, de Castro MDL. SEMIAUTOMATED SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF PECTINESTERASE ACTIVITY IN NATURAL AND PROCESSED JUICES. ANAL LETT 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/al-100107294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
26
|
Sila DN, Smout C, Satara Y, Truong V, Loey AV, Hendrickx M. Combined thermal and high pressure effect on carrot pectinmethylesterase stability and catalytic activity. J FOOD ENG 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
27
|
da Silva Cerqueira Leite KM, Tadiotti AC, Baldochi D, Oliveira OMMF. Partial purification, heat stability and kinetic characterization of the pectinmethylesterase from Brazilian guava, Paluma cultivars. Food Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
28
|
DO AMARAL SILVIAHELENA, DE ASSIS SANDRAAPARECIDA, DE FARIA OLIVEIRA OLGAMARIAMASCARENHAS. PARTIAL PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PECTIN METHYLESTERASE FROM ORANGE (CITRUS SINENSIS) CV. PERA-RIO. J Food Biochem 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2005.00036.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
29
|
Li YC, Yang YC, Hsu JSF, Wu DJ, Wu HH, Tzen JTC. Cloning and immunolocalization of an antifungal chitinase in jelly fig (Ficus awkeotsang) achenes. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2005; 66:879-886. [PMID: 15845406 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2004] [Revised: 12/13/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A 30-kDa protein extracted from the pericarpial portion of jelly fig (Ficus awkeotsang Makino) achenes has been identified as a thermostable chitinase based on its enzymatic activity. A cDNA fragment encoding the precursor protein (including a cleavable signal sequence) of this chitinase was obtained by PCR cloning, and subsequently confirmed by immunological recognition of its overexpressed protein in Escherichia coli. Homology modeling predicted that this thermostable chitinase in jelly fig achenes comprised a stable (betaalpha)(8) barrel fold with three pairs of disulfide linkage. Immunostaining indicated that this chitinase was exclusively localized in the pericarpial region but not in the seed cells where bulky protein bodies and massive oil bodies were accumulated. Spore germination of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, a common post-harvest pathogen infecting ripening fruit of jelly fig and many other fruits, was inhibited by this chitinase purified from achenes. It is suggested that the biological function of the thermostable chitinase in the pericarp of jelly fig achenes is to protect the nutritive seeds from fungal attack during fruit ripening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ching Li
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Giovane A, Servillo L, Balestrieri C, Raiola A, D'Avino R, Tamburrini M, Ciardiello MA, Camardella L. Pectin methylesterase inhibitor. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2004; 1696:245-52. [PMID: 14871665 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2003.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2003] [Accepted: 08/07/2003] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pectin methylesterase (PME) is the first enzyme acting on pectin, a major component of plant cell wall. PME action produces pectin with different structural and functional properties, having an important role in plant physiology. Regulation of plant PME activity is obtained by the differential expression of several isoforms in different tissues and developmental stages and by subtle modifications of cell wall local pH. Inhibitory activities from various plant sources have also been reported. A proteinaceous inhibitor of PME (PMEI) has been purified from kiwi fruit. The kiwi PMEI is active against plant PMEs, forming a 1:1 non-covalent complex. The polypeptide chain comprises 152 amino acid residues and contains five Cys residues, four of which are connected by disulfide bridges, first to second and third to fourth. The sequence shows significant similarity with the N-terminal pro-peptides of plant PME, and with plant invertase inhibitors. In particular, the four Cys residues involved in disulfide bridges are conserved. On the basis of amino acid sequence similarity and Cys residues conservation, a large protein family including PMEI, invertase inhibitors and related proteins of unknown function has been identified. The presence of at least two sequences in the Arabidopsis genome having high similarity with kiwi PMEI suggests the ubiquitous presence of this inhibitor. PMEI has an interest in food industry as inhibitor of endogenous PME, responsible for phase separation and cloud loss in fruit juice manufacturing. Affinity chromatography on resin-bound PMEI can also be used to concentrate and detect residual PME activity in fruit and vegetable products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Giovane
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 2nd University of Napoli, Via Costantinopoli 16, I-80138, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Li YC, Chang CT, Hsiao ESL, Hsu JSF, Huang JW, Tzen JTC. Purification and Characterization of an Antifungal Chitinase in Jelly Fig (Ficus awkeotsang) Achenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 44:1162-7. [PMID: 14634152 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcg141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A method was developed to purify a 30-kDa protein from jelly fig (Ficus awkeotsang) pericarp, including preparation of jelly curd from achenes, extraction of proteins from the curd, and isolation of the 30-kDa protein by anion-exchanger and gel filtration. Chitinase activity was detected in the purified 30-kDa protein by activity staining in both non-denaturing gel electrophoresis and SDS-PAGE. Isoelectrofocusing showed that the isoelectric point of the 30-kDa protein was lower than pH 3.5. The K(m), k(cat), optimal pH and temperature of this putative chitinase were determined to be 0.076 mM, 0.089 s(-1), pH 4, and 60 degrees C, respectively. The purified 30-kDa protein was thermostable (retaining activity up to 65 degrees C for several hours) and could be stored at 4 degrees C for a year without apparent loss of chitinase activity. Antifungal activity of this putative chitinase was measured in terms of inhibition of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides spore germination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ching Li
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan 40227, ROC
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Jiang CM, Li CP, Chang HM. Influence of Pectinesterase Inhibitor from Jelly Fig (Ficus awkeotsang Makino) Achenes on Pectinesterases and Cloud Loss of Fruit Juices. J Food Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb08860.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
33
|
Reiter J. Differential Ingestion ofFicusSeeds by Frugivorous Bats: A First Experimental Test inPtenochirus Jagori(Pteropodidae). ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2002. [DOI: 10.3161/001.004.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
34
|
Micheli F. Pectin methylesterases: cell wall enzymes with important roles in plant physiology. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2001; 6:414-9. [PMID: 11544130 DOI: 10.1016/s1360-1385(01)02045-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 526] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Pectin methylesterases catalyse the demethylesterification of cell wall polygalacturonans. In dicot plants, these ubiquitous cell wall enzymes are involved in important developmental processes including cellular adhesion and stem elongation. Here, I highlight recent studies that challenge the accepted views of the mechanism and function of pectin methylesterases, including the co-secretion of pectins and pectin methylesterases into the apoplasm, new action patterns of mature pectin methylesterases and a possible function of the pro regions of pectin methylesterases as intramolecular chaperones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Micheli
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire des Relations Plantes-Microorganismes, INRA-CNRS, BP27, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Jiang CM, Lai YJ, Lee BH, Chang WH, Chang HM. De-esterification and Transacylation Reactions of Pectinesterase from Jelly Fig (Ficus awkeotsang Makino) Achenes. J Food Sci 2001. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2001.tb15178.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
36
|
Selective determination of pectinesterase activity in foodstuffs using a pervaporator coupled to an open-closed dynamic biosensing system. Anal Chim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(01)00828-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
37
|
Jiang CM, Lai YJ, Chang WH, Wu MC, Chang HM. Pectinesterase Inhibitor in Jelly Fig (Ficus awkeotsang Makino) Achenes. J Food Sci 2001. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2001.tb11321.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
38
|
Micheli F, Sundberg B, Goldberg R, Richard L. Radial distribution pattern of pectin methylesterases across the cambial region of hybrid aspen at activity and dormancy. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2000; 124:191-9. [PMID: 10982434 PMCID: PMC59134 DOI: 10.1104/pp.124.1.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/1999] [Accepted: 05/05/2000] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical microanalysis combined with tangential cryosectioning was used to visualize the distribution of pectin methylesterases (PMEs) across the cambial region in active and dormant hybrid aspen (Populus tremula L. x Populus tremuloides Michx). These novel techniques allowed us to relate activity and isoforms of PMEs to specific tissues and developmental stages of the stem to get more information on the physiological function of PMEs in cambial growth. Isoelectrofocusing analysis revealed numerous isoforms that were differentially distributed according to the tissue-type and to the cambial stage. A neutral isoform was found to be distributed ubiquitously across the stem of both active and dormant trees, which suggests that it is a housekeeping isoform involved in the maintenance of the cell wall integrity throughout the stem. In addition, two distinct isoforms having different isoelectric points were found to be related to the differentiation of cambial derivatives. A basic isoform appears to be a physiological marker of the dormant stage involved in the cessation of meristematic radial growth, whereas an acidic isoform is functionally related to the immediate expansion of the cambial daughter cells that occurs bilaterally on each side of the cambium at the active stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Micheli
- Laboratoire d'Enzymologie en Milieu Structuré, Département de Biologie Supramoléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut Jacques Monod, 2 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris cedex 05, France.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Arbaisah S, Asbi B, Junainah A, Jamilah B. Purification and properties of pectinesterase from soursop (Anona muricata) pulp. Food Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0308-8146(96)00043-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
40
|
|
41
|
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive method of detecting pectinesterase activity following electrophoresis or isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels is described. The method uses ruthenium red and requires no addition of substrate when making the gels, thus obviating direct enzyme-substrate contact during electrophoresis. Because of its versatility, the method can be used in a wide variety of applications, such as plant and microbial taxonomy, enzyme purification and characterization, or as an analytical method in fresh and processed plant technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Alonso
- Instituto del Frío (CSIC), Madrid
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
|
43
|
|
44
|
Abstract
Three isoforms of pectin esterase (PE1-PE3) (pectin pectyl-hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.11.) were purified to homogeneity from ripe peach fruit (Prunus persica cv. Coronet). The three enzymes were basic proteins of M(r) 34,000 as determined by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis but were separated by FPLC cation-exchange chromatography. The proteins were N-terminally blocked but amino acid sequences were obtained for peptides released from two of the three isoforms. The sequences revealed a threonine/lysine substitution in a comparison between isoform PE2/isoform PE3, and there were regions of sequence similarity with other plant pectin esterases. The proteins did not bind to concanavalin A and were not stained by the periodate-Schiff reagent suggesting a low or zero level of glycosylation. Polyclonal antisera to isoform PE3 also bound to isoforms PE1 and PE2. The study provides the enzyme protein sequence and immunological basis for an evaluation of the role of pectin esterases in normal and abnormal ripening of peach fruit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Glover
- CSIRO Division of Horticulture and Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Bordenave M, Goldberg R. Immobilized and Free Apoplastic Pectinmethylesterases in Mung Bean Hypocotyl. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1994; 106:1151-1156. [PMID: 12232398 PMCID: PMC159643 DOI: 10.1104/pp.106.3.1151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The nature and the action pattern of apoplastic pectinmethylesterase (PME) isoforms were investigated in mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilzeck] hypocotyls. Successive extractions of neutral and alkaline PME isoforms present in hypocotyl native cell walls (referred to as PE1, PE2, PE3, PE4, with increasingly basic isoelectric points) revealed that solubilization of PE1, PE2, and PE4 did not induce any significant decrease in the cell-wall-bound PME activity. The in vitro de-esterification occurring when isolated cell walls were incubated with pectin resulted, then, from the activity of PE3. In addition, pH control of PME activity was shown to be much stronger for enzymes bound to cell walls, in their native state or reintroduced after solubilization, than for enzymes in solution. Mature cell walls showed much more activity than young cell walls, and were relatively enriched in two acidic PME isoforms missing in young cell walls. One acidic PME was also detected in the extracellular fluid. The acidic and neutral isoforms that could be easily transferred from their binding sites to their substrate might be those involved in the demethylation process developing along the mung bean hypocotyl.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Bordenave
- Enzymologie en Milieu Structure, Institut Jacques Monod, 2 Place Jussieu, 75251 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Stephenson MB, Hawes MC. Correlation of Pectin Methylesterase Activity in Root Caps of Pea with Root Border Cell Separation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1994; 106:739-745. [PMID: 12232366 PMCID: PMC159582 DOI: 10.1104/pp.106.2.739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We tested predictions of the hypothesis that pectin methylesterase in the root cap plays a role in cell wall solubilization leading to separation of root border cells from the root tip. Root cap pectin methylesterase activity was detected only in species that release large numbers of border cells daily. In pea (Pisum sativum) root caps, enzyme activity is correlated with border cell separation during development: 6-fold more activity occurs during border cell separation than after cell separation is complete. Higher levels of enzyme activity are restored by experimental induction of border cell separation. A corresponding increase in transcription of a gene encoding root cap pectin methylesterase precedes the increase in enzyme activity. A dramatic increase in the level of soluble, de-esterified pectin in the root tip also is correlated with pectin methylesterase activity during border cell development. This increase in acidic, de-esterified pectin during development occurs in parallel with a decrease in cell wall/apoplastic pH of cells in the periphery of the root cap.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. B. Stephenson
- Departments of Plant Pathology and Molecular and Cellular Biology, 104 Forbes Building, University of Arizona, Tucson Arizona 85721
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Fayyaz A, Asbi B, Ghazali H, Che Man Y, Jinap S. Purification and molecular properties of papaya pectinesterase. Food Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0308-8146(94)90007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|